Sports Psychology

Motivation

Definition

• Motivation: An action towards a goal.

• Positive mental skills of an athlete • Confident,• Optimistic• Energetic• enjoyment

Positive Mental Skills

• Determined• Motivated• Dedicated• Focused

Two types of Motivation

• Extrinsic motivation: The desire or push to perform a certain behavior based on the potential external rewards that may be received as a result.

Intrinsic Motivation

• Intrinsic Motivation: the motivation or desire to do something based on the enjoyment of the behavior itself rather than relying on or requiring external reinforcement.

Intrinsic or Extrinsic?

• Trophies• Playing your

personal best• Mastery of skill• Enjoyment• Personal Growth

• Money• Challenging

yourself• Pushing yourself

to higher goals• Enjoying the

competition• Prestige or fame

Learning

• You can learn to be motivated.• Positive Reinforcement• Negaive Reinforcement• Punishment

Type of Learning

• Reinforcement is any change in an organism's surroundings that is associated with an increase in the probability that the response will be made

Types of Reinforcement• Positive reinforcement

changes the surroundings by adding a stimulus that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future.

• Some things which can generally act as positive reinforcers include food, money etc.

Types of Reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement changes the surroundings by removing an aversive stimulus - such as turning off a painful electric current or removing a conditioned reinforcer such as changing the channel during commercials. There are two types of negative reinforcement.

Negative Reinforcement Con’t • Escape conditioning occurs when the

aversive stimulus has already begun, and the behavior terminates it. Examples include scratching an itch or hitting the snooze button on an alarm clock.

• Avoidance conditioning occurs when the behavior allows an aversive stimulus to be avoided before it starts. Examples include eating to avoid hunger, and taking an alternate route to avoid a traffic jam.

Types of Reinformement

Decrease likelihood of behaviour

Increase likelihood of behaviour

Presented Positive punishment

Positive reinforcement

Taken away Negative punishment

Negative reinforcement

Video Clips

• All for one• Self Motivated

Flash Cards #1

• Fair play• determination• Motivating• Good goals• Have fun• Good sport• Try your hardest• Honesty• Optimistic

Flash Cards #2

• Determination• Fair play• Positive attitude• Courage• Optimistic• Good

sportsmanship

• Learn from mistakes

• Respect• Be nice to each

other• Concentration

Motivational Videos

• Speech Do an Extra Lap (High School)

• Al Pacino’s Speech• Steve Jobs Speech• Wright Brothers• Dreams Come True

Conclusion

• Try and find as many ways to motivate yourself intrinsically.

• You will work harder, play harder and enjoy the competition more