Sport First Aid

Aspects of Treating Injuries

• Injury and Illness Prevention• Injury and Illness Recognition and

First Aid• Assessment/Diagnosis and Treatment• Rehabilitation

Sports Medicine Team

• Many make up a successful Sports Medicine Team, each must know and stay within their role.

– Athlete– Coach– EMT/Paramedic– Physicians– Athletic Trainer– Physical Therapist– Dentist/Oral Surgeon– Optometrist– Strength and Conditioning Coach– Equipment Manager– And more….

EMERGENCY PLAN• Trained Personnel

– Credentials• 1st Aide• CPR• ATC• EMT• MD

– Emergency Care Equipment• Field Kits• Splint Bags• Stretcher• Biohazard

• Emergency Transportation– Transportation Vehicles– Ambulance & Paramedics– School personnel

• Communication System– Equipment

• radios• telephones• on-the-scene transfer of information

– Notification • ER & Urgent Care• Parents• Administrators

• Emergency Care Facility– Hospitals

• Services Offered• Locations

– Legal Considerations• Group Health Care Plan Facilities

• Emergency Care Protocol– Chain of Command

• Assignments and responsibilities• on the scene care• telephone emergency• Map (directions)

– Mock Drills• Be Prepared

• Record Keeping– Accident Report– Emergency Cards– Documentation

911 Calls...

• Must give dispatcher following information– Type of emergency situation– Type of suspected injury– Present condition of athlete– Current assistance being given (CPR,

ect)– Location

• telephone• cross streets• how to enter facility

Assessment Procedures

• On The Field– Primary Survey

• ABCs• Bleeding/Shock

– Secondary Survey• Vitals• Signs & Symptoms

VITALS• Pulse

– 60-80 in adults– Account for activity– 80-100 in children

• Respiration– 12 in adults– 20-25 in children

• Blood Pressure• Temperature• Skin Color

• Blood Pressure– Systolic over diastolic– 120/80

• Temperature– 98.6

• Skin Color• Pupils

– shock, heatstroke, hemorrhage– stimulants

Musculoskeletal System• Bones

– Shape, support, protect• Joints

– When 2 bones meet• Ligaments

– Bone to bone• Tendon

– Muscle to bone• Cartilage

– Absorb force and reduce friction in a joint• Muscles

– Shorten to cause movement• Bursa

– Small, fluid filled sacs for reduce friction

Other Systems

• Neurological– Body’s control center

• Digestive– Energy Supply

• Respiratory and Circulatory Systems– Oxygenated blood

• Urinary System– Remove waste from blood.

Acute and Chronic Injuries

• Acute injury - “injury characterized by rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic event”

• Acute injuries typically involve trauma followed by pain, swelling and loss of function.

• Critical force -- “magnitude of a single force for which the anatomical structure of interest is damaged”

Acute and Chronic Injuries• Chronic injury - “injury

characterized by a slow, insidious onset, implying a gradual development of structural damage”

• Chronic injuries develop over time and are often associated with repetitive, cyclic activities, such as running.

• These injuries are commonly called “overuse injuries.” Common sites include the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon and the rotator cuff.

Types of Open Wounds

Close your eyes if you

can’t handle

gruesome

Care for Open Wound• 1. Stop Bleeding

– Direct Pressure with gauze (if available)– Stack gauze, do not remove it.– Pressure points in severe cases (arteries)

• Clean with soap and water, irrigate with water, 5 min if possible

• Ointment (neosporin, triple antibiotic, etc.)• Cover with band aide or other non stick product.• Stitches?

– ½ inch long or skin does not naturally come together.

Diabetes

Type 1• Formerly called "juvenile

diabetes" or "insulin-dependent diabetes,"

– 70 percent of diagnoses occur before a person reaches the age of 30.

• Can be diagnosed at any age. – Only 5 percent to 10 percent of those

diagnosed with diabetes have this type.

• With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no

insulin.

Type 2• Previously called "adult onset

diabetes.“– type 2 diabetes has been reported among U.S.

children and adolescents

• Ninety percent of those with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.

– Approximately 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

• Your body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level.

DiabetesWhat do you do?

• Low Blood sugar?– What can you give

them?– Will this be useful in

your kits?

Saving a Knocked-Out Tooth 

• Pick up tooth by the crown (the chewing surface) not the root.  

• Keep tooth moist at all times.  

– The tooth must not be left outside the mouth to dry. If it cannot be replaced in the socket, put it in one of the following: 

– Emergency tooth preservation kit– Milk– Mouth (next to cheek) 

• Regular tap water is not recommended for long-term storage because the root surface cells do not tolerate water for long periods of time.

• See an endodontist or the nearest available dentist within 30 minutes.  

Severe Allergies

• Allergy symptoms depend on your particular allergy

• They involve the airways, sinuses and nasal passages, skin, and digestive system.

• Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe. – In some severe cases,

allergies can trigger a life-threatening reaction in your body known as anaphylaxis.

• Epi-Pen

Burns

• 1st-degree burn– The least serious burns are those

in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, but not all the way through.

– The skin is usually red– Often there is swelling– Pain sometimes is present

• 2nd-degree burn– When the first layer and second

layer of skin has been burned – Blisters develop– Skin takes on an intensely

reddened, splotchy appearance– There is severe pain and swelling.

• Cool the burn. – Hold the burned area under cool

(not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or until the pain subsides

– Don't put ice on the burn.

• Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage.

– Bandaging keeps air off the burn, reduces pain and protects

blistered skin.• Take an over-the-counter

pain reliever. – These include aspirin, ibuprofen

(Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

Bloody Nose

• To stop a nosebleed– Remain calm.

• Sit up straight.• Lean your head forward.

Tilting your head back will only cause you to swallow the blood.

• Pinch the nostrils together with your thumb and index finger.

• Spit out any blood in your mouth. Swallowing it may make you vomit.

Shock

Shock• Shock may result from

trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes.

– The skin is cool and clammy. It may appear pale or gray.

– The pulse is weak and rapid. – The person may be nauseated.– The eyes lack luster and may

seem to stare. – The person may be conscious

or unconscious

Treatment• Call 911• Have the person lie down and

elevate the victims feet. • Check for signs of circulation

(breathing, coughing or movement)

• Keep the person warm and comfortable

• Turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking if the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth.

Stroke & Heart Attack

Heart Attack• Symptoms include:

– Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back)

– Shortness of breath– Sweating or a cold sweat– Feelings of anxiety or an

impending sense of doom

• Call 911• Begin CPR

Stroke• Symptoms include:

– Trouble with walking. – Trouble with speaking and

understanding..– Paralysis or numbness of the face,

arm or leg. One or both sides• Ask the victim to smile

• Call 911 IMMEDIATELY – The longer you wait the more

brain damage

Supplies for your First Aid Kit

• Ace bandage • Adhesive tape• Alcohol wipe • Anti-bacterial hand gel • Antibiotic ointment or cream• Antiseptic wipes• Tongue depressor • Band-Aids (approximately 10 of them) • Nose plugs • Cotton balls • Cotton swabs • Gauze Pads • Hydrocortisone cream (anti-itch) • Ice bag • Hydrogen peroxide • Eye drops • Fingernail clippers • Scissors • Tweezers • Vinyl gloves

First Aid Kit