Spohrer icer 20150810 v1
Transcript of Spohrer icer 20150810 v1
04/17/2023 1
Empowering Makers in the Cognitive EraJim Spohrer, IBM
Director, Global University Programs (GUP) and Cognitive Systems Institute Group (CSIG) Omaha, Nebraska, Monday August 10th, 2015
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Dedication: Doug EngelbartFather of the mouse and
augmentation theory
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Today’s Talk
• What should we know how to make?• What might programming education become?
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Brief History of Knowledge and Making: Personbyte and Peoplebyte
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What can one person know and make?
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The Maker Movement & Open Source Ecology
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So what does this have to do with programming and computation?
Both Turing and von Neumann dreamed of universal machines and constructors
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“Computing” continues to progress
2035
2055
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1955 1975 1995 2015 2035 2055
2035 one human brain/2055 all human brains
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What exists in 2015?
360,000 100,000 120,000 60,000 150,000
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Cognitive Assistants for all occupations are beginning to appear
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Cognitive Assistantsfor all occupations
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Occupations = Many Tasks
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Watson Discovery Advisor
Simonite, T. 2014. Software Mines Science Papers to Make New Discoveries. MIT. November 25, 2014.URL: http://m.technologyreview.com/news/520461/software-mines-science-papers-to-make-new-discoveries/
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User Models
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Brief History of AI
• 1956 – Dartmouth Conference• 1956 – 1981 Micro-Worlds• 1981 – Japanese 5th Generation• 1988 – Expert Systems Peak• 1990 – AI Winter• 1997 – Deep Blue• 1997 – 2011 Real-World• 2011 – Jeopardy! & SIRI• 2013 – Cognitive Systems Institute• 2014 – Watson Business Unit &• True North Brain Chip• 2015 – “Cognition as a Service”
on IBM Bluemix
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IBM TrueNorth Chip
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Learning to program:My first program
Early Computer Science Class:Watson Center at Columbia 1945
Jim Spohrer’s First Program 1972
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Watson Platform on BlueMix
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New Era of Computing:Cognitive Technologies & Componentry
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Natural Language– Reasoning, Logic & Planning– Symbolic Processing– Natural Language Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Knowledge Representations– Domain-Specific Ontologies– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning, Reasoning– Von Neumann Componentry– OpenPOWER Systems
Pattern Recognition– Recognition, Sensing & Acting– Pattern Processing– Image & Speech Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Pattern Representations– Domain-Specific Neural Nets– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning, Perception– Neuromorphic Componentry– TrueNorth & Corelets Systems
AI for IA: Intelligence Augmentation(Engelbart’s Visiion)
Cognitive Assistants(“Cogs”) that boost creativity and productivity of people in smart service systems.
Cognition as a Service
IBM Cloud Bluemix
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Learning Programming as Cognitive Team Sport
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T-Shaped MakersBreadth & Depth
sector
region/culture
discipline
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Data: From Resource to ServiceCloud
Social
Internet of Things
Makers
Cognitive
Security
Analytics
Cyber-Physical Systems
Smarter Planet
Smart Service Systems
Industry 4.0
Mobile
Collaborative Economy
Product-Service Systems
API Economy
Platforms
Barriers: Systems/Interdisciplinary
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“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build it better”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
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Sciences provide…• Frameworks for people to ask and answer
questions systematically• Explanations with instructions on “how to re-do”
Kline: Conceptual Foundation of Multidisciplinary Thinking -“To our children and children’s children, to whom we elders owe an explanation of the worldthat is understandable, realistic, forward-looking, and whole.”
Proenneke:Alone in the Wilderness -To do a thorough testing, should each generationbe required to rapidly rebuildfrom scratch? A re-makers movement?
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Physics Chemistry Biology
Neuroscience Psychology ArtificialIntelligence
Engineering Management PublicPolicy
Education Design Humanities
Natural Systems
Cognitive Systems
Service Systems
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Explain external phenomena
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Explain internal phenomena
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Explainvalue co-creationphenomena
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Smart Service System:All entities’ in networkuse cognitive mediatorsto enhance value co-creation interactions
Cognitive Mediators:Cognitive systems with deep knowledge of both customer (user) and provider (expert)as co-creators of win-win value
Entity augmentation boosts both creativity and productivity of interactions
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In Summary
“A service scienceperspective considersthe evolving ecology of service system entities, their value co-creation andcapability co-elevationinteractions, and their capabilities, constraints,rights, and responsibilities.”
Cognitive SystemsEntities
Service SystemsEntities With
CognitiveMediators
Add Rights &Responsibilities
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CSIG: Cognitive Systems Institute Group
LinkedIn discussion Cognitive-Systems-Institute-6729452
Web site for resource sharing cognitive-science.info
Bluemix ibm.biz/HackBluemix ibm.biz/LearnBluemix $0.07 per GB-Hour (*) * = check online for current pricing info
Assisting individuals and organizations to close their service innovation skills gap
and co-create smarter service systems empowering employees, customers, citizens
with cognitive mediatorsin the collaborative service economy
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IBM operates in 170 countries around the globe
Acquisitions contribute significantly to IBM’s growth ; ~120 acquisitions in last decade
Number 1 in patent generation for more than two decades
More than 40% of IBMs workforce does business away from an office
5 Nobel Laureates10 time winner of the President’s National Medal of Technology & Innovation – latest for LASIK laser refractive surgical techniques
The Smartest Machine On Earth
100 Years of Business & Innovation in 2011
New Era in IBM’s Leadership
IBM Growth Initiatives
IBM has ~400,000 employees worldwide
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Information & Computer Science
• “The single strongest impulse for introducing computers on campuses in the mid-1950s did not come from the schools themselves or from any federal agency, but instead from IBM.”
And Beyond… Utility Fog• Ultimate vision of
material and energy flows inseparable with information flows
• Universal Building Block– Utility Fog:
Manufactured Things– Cells:
Living Things