SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 2
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Transcript of SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 2
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SPM 100 Clinical Skills Lab 2
Emergency Assessment of Vital Signs and
Pain Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT
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Vital Signs (VS) Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Assessment
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General Guidelines When Assessing VS
Taken by person caring for patient.
Know normal ranges Baseline data for patient
i.e. patients norms Patient’s Diagnosis (Dx)
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Body Temperature
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Balance of Body Temperature
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Temperature Conversion
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Pulse (Heart Rate – HR) Normal
60-100/min.
Abnormal < 60 - Bradycardia > 100 - Tachycardia
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Arterial Pulse Points
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Abnormal Pulse Characteristics
Weak Pulse – ↓ stroke volume
Bounding Pulse - ↑ stroke volume
Paradoxical Pulse – change with respirations
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Respiratory Rate Normal relaxed breathing is
effortless, automatic, regular and even.
Normal range: Adult : 12-16/min. Child: 20-30/min. Infant: 35-40/min.
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Respiratory Patterns
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Blood Pressure B/P = Systolic Pressure /
Diastolic Pressure Systolic Pressure: max. pressure
exerted on the arteries with the LV Diastolic Pressure: the elastic recoil
pressure presented by the arterial walls
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BP Formulas Pulse Pressure = systolic pressure
– diastolic pressure Normal: 30-50 mmHg
Mean Arterial Pressure = systolic pressure + 2(diastolic pressure) / 3
Normal: 70-100 mmHg
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Shock Index (SI) Define: the ratio of the heart rate to
systolic blood pressure. SI = HR (bpm) / Systolic B/P (mmHg) Normal range: 0.5 – 0.7 Elevated SI: > 0.9 - critically ill (poor
outcome) Sensitive indicator of Left Ventricular
dysfunction Used in the Emergency Department
(ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
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Pain Assessment
Range:
Mild: 1 – 3
Moderate: 4 – 6
Severe Pain: 7 - 10
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Pain Management Non-Pharmacologic
Breathing - slowly and deeply Distraction
Pharmacologic Non-Narcotic
TylenolIbuprofen
NarcoticMorphine
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Hand Washing GOOD HAND WASHING
CAN PREVENT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
35% OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ARE PREVENTABLE!!!!
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Professional Conduct Introduce yourself Explain the procedure / examination
to the patient Ask the patient if they have any
questions Cover the patient with a sheet. Only
expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination