Spiritual Revolution

The Story of the Investiture Controversy 1075-1086

I. Reform Movement – A New Idealism

A. Liberation of the Church

B. A New Christian Life

II. Liberation of the Church

A. Duke William found Cluny in 9101. First independent monastery2. Enthusiasm for Cluny model3. Cluny monks rise in the church

B. Attack on simony1. Pope deposes bishops 1049

C. Pope elected by cardinals (1059)1. Declaration of independence

Cluny Monastery, France

Speyer Cathedral, Germany

Speyer Cathedral, Germany

II. Liberation of the Church

D. Pope Gregory VII (1073-86)1. Dicatus Papae (1075)2. Investiture Controversy (1075-86)

E. Expansion of Papal Government1. Most efficient medieval government2. Prestige of popes as leaders of salvation

III. Reform of Christian Life

A. Celibacy1. Enforced by 12152. Partial celibacy for laity

B. Cistercians1. St. Bernard2. Austere life3. Simple, private devotions4. Mysticism

C. Theology of love1. Suffering Jesus—crucifix2. Merciful Mary