Spinal nerves Part of the peripheral nervous system 31 pairs attach through dorsal and ventral nerve...
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Transcript of Spinal nerves Part of the peripheral nervous system 31 pairs attach through dorsal and ventral nerve...
Spinal nerves• Part of the peripheral nervous system• 31 pairs attach through dorsal and ventral nerve roots• Lie in intervertebral foramina
Dermatomes (innervation of skin) Dermatomes
(area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches from a single
spinal nerve is called a dermatome)
Reveal sites of damage to spinal
nerves or spinal cord
The Respiratory Organs
Conducting zone– Respiratory passages
that carry air to the site of gas exchange
– Filters, humidifies and warms air
Respiratory zone– Site of gas exchange– Composed of
• Respiratory bronchioles• Alveolar ducts• Alveolar sacs
Conducting zone labeled
Microscopic detail of alveoli• Alveoli surrounded by fine elastic fibers• Alveoli interconnect via alveolar pores• Alveolar macrophages – free floating “dust cells”• Note type I and type II cells and joint membrane
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
• Look at the left side of the slide and notice the visceral and parietal layer (in the form of podocytes) of Bowman’s Capsule. Also look at the capillaries within the capsule.
• The other white areas are most likely proximal convoluted tubules.
AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES
• The upper portion of the slide where the arcuate arteries are and you may notice interlobar arteries coming up (on the right), then efferents.
Parietal layer of Bowman’s cap. Made of simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer (podocytes)
filtrate
Capillary bed
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
• A very close shot of the visceral and parietal layers . You can see the capillaries and the space where the filtrate is squeezed out, and then moving to the proximal convoluted tubules.
Parietal layer of Bowman’s cap. Made of simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer (podocytes)
filtrate
Capillary bed
AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES
• On the left is either an afferent or efferent arteriole.
• It is very rare to find a good slide like this
PCT
• Notice the “brush border” on the PCT
• Brush border is a name given prior to advanced microscopy. They are now known to be microvilli
• 100ml of water needs to be reabsorbed here per minute! That’s why the surface area needs to be increased