Spinal Cord (sp cd) and Nerves - Fisiokinesiterapia
Transcript of Spinal Cord (sp cd) and Nerves - Fisiokinesiterapia
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Spinal Cord (sp cd) and Nerves
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Collect sensory input
2. Integrate sensory input
3. Motor output
Functions of Nervous System
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Organization of Nervous System• Central Nervous System (CNS) = brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = nerves
CNS PNS
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Peripheral Nervous System
skin
muscle
Pg 344
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Spinal Nerves (31 pairs)• Each pair of nerves located in particular
segment (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, etc.)
• Each nerve pair is numbered for the vertebra sitting above it (i.e. nerves exit below vertebrae)– 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves; *C1-C8
– 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves; T1-T12
– 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves; L1-L5
– 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves; S1-S5
– 1 pair of coccygeal spinal nerves; C0
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Spinal Cord Segments Pg 393
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Central Nervous System
• Brain and Spinal Cord
• Occupy Dorsal Cavity
Pg 361
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Meninges of Brain and Spinal Cord• Pia mater (deep)
– delicate
– highly vascular
– adheres to brain/sp cd tissue
• Arachnoid mater (middle)– impermeable layer = barrier
– raised off pia mater by rootlets
• Spinal Dura Mater (most superficial)– single dural sheath
• Subarachnoid Space– between arachnoid and pia mater
– contains CSF
• Epidural Space– Between dura mater and vertebra
– Contains fat and veins
Pg 394
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Spinal Cord (sp cd)
• Passes inferiorly through foramen magnum into vertebral canal
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off spinal cord through intervertebral foramen
• Spinal cord made of a core of gray matter surrounded by white matter
Pg 393
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•Runs from Medulla Oblongata to level of L 1 (adults)
• Runs to level of L 3-4 (infants)
Spinal Cord Growth
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Regions of Spinal Cord• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacral
• Coccygeal
• Cervical + Lumbar enlargements
• Cauda equina
• Conus medullaris
• Filum terminale
Pg 393
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Review of Neuron Anatomy– Cell body– Dendrite– Axon– Neuroglia– Interneuron– Synapse
Pg 339
Pg 342
neuron
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Types of Nerve Fibers
• Sensory = Afferent Nerve fibers = picked up by sensory receptors throughout body (PNS) and carried TOWARDS spinal cord + brain (CNS)
• Motor = Efferent Nerve fibers = carried AWAY from CNS by nerves of PNS to innervate body’s muscles and glands
• Remember: SAME
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4 Kinds of Nerve Fibers• Somatic Sensory – “body senses”
– touch, pressure, temperature, vibration of body, muscles stretching, balance
• Visceral Sensory – “organ senses”– Stretch, pain, temperature in organs– (eg) nausea, hunger, cramps
• Somatic Motor – “body movement”– Voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles
• Visceral Motor – “organ movement”– Contraction of smooth muscle, glands– = Autonomic Nervous System
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Cross Section of Spinal Cord• Gray Matter
– “H” shaped Inner core
– Gray Commissure = crossbar of “H”
– Central Canal = in gray commissure
– Posterior/Dorsal horns
– Anterior/Ventral horns
• Composed of– Cell bodies
– Unmyelinated axons
– Dendrites
– NeurogliaPg 394
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Gray Matter
Pg 396
Posterior horn
Anterior horn
Dorsal Root
Ventral Root
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Gray Matter• Posterior Horns = made of interneurons transmit info
from cell bodies outside of sp cd INTO the sp cd– Dorsal Root contains Sensory Fibers
• Somatic Sensory (SS)
• Visceral Sensory (VS)
– Dorsal Root Ganglia-swelling in dorsal root that these interneurons pass through
• Anterior Horns = made of cell bodies of motor neurons that send axons OUT of sp cd to muscles and glands
– Ventral Root contains Motor Fibers• Visceral Motor
• Somatic Motor
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Cross Section of Spinal Cord
• White Matter– Surrounds gray matter
– White columns• Posterior funiculus
• Anterior funiculus
• Lateral funiculus
– Composed of:• Myelinated axons
• Unmyelinated axons
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White Matter
• Fxn: Allows communication between parts of spinal cord, and between brain + spinal cord
• Two main types of nerve fibers– Ascending: carry SENSORY info from body to brain
• (eg) touch, pressure, pain, temperature,
– Descending: carry MOTOR info from brain to sp cd• (eg) control precise, skilled movement = writing,
maintain balance, create movement
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The Big Picture • Just lateral to intervertebralforamen, each spinal nerve then splits in 2
– Dorsal Rami
– Ventral Rami
• Contain BOTH Sensory and Motor fibers!!
Pg 394
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Autonomic Nervous System
• Visceral Motor Function
• Not easily controlled by will
• (eg) Get nervous and sweat
• Innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
• Regulate visceral function!
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Autonomic Nervous System
• Fight, Flight or Fright• When body is active• (eg) sweats, deep
breathing, increases heart rate
• Focuses on functions necessary to the moment
• Thoraco-lumbar spinal segments
• Rest + Digest• When body is inactive• (eg) digestion, excretion,
urination• Conserves energy,
directs “housekeeping”• Cranio-sacral spinal
segments
SYMPATHETICPARASYMPATHETIC
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Somatic Nervous System
• Controls contraction of skeletal muscle
• Voluntary control
• (e.g.) running, moving limbs
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Nervous System Overview
Pg 353