Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” & Patrick Henry's Virginia Convention Address.
Speech to the Virginia Convention
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Transcript of Speech to the Virginia Convention
Speech to the Virginia Speech to the Virginia ConventionConvention
By Patrick HenryBy Patrick Henry
Elements of PersuasionElements of Persuasion
• Emotional Appeal• Logical Appeal• Anecdote• Evidence/Reason• Example
Figurative LanguageFigurative Language
• Simile• Metaphor• Personification• Hyperbole• Allusion
Emotional AppealEmotional Appeal• A technique that uses language to
arouse an emotional response in the reader.
• EX: “Do you want our children to be forced to play in the streets? Of course not. Therefore, we need a park in our neighborhood.”
Logical AppealLogical Appeal• Circular Reasoning• Evading Issues• False Analogy• Overgeneralization• Stereotyping
Logical AppealLogical Appeal
• Oversimplification• Either/Or• False Cause• Only Reason
AnecdoteAnecdote
• A brief story, usually about people, that illustrates a typical situation.
Evidence/ReasonEvidence/Reason
• Reliable• Consistency• Up-to-date• Suitability• Multiple Sources
ExampleExample
• Used to illustrate a point. Examples in the preceeding paragraph illustrate the differences between a fact, a statistic and an opinion.
PersuasionPersuasion• The use of language to convince
an audience to think, feel, or believe what the speaker wants them to believe.
• The ability to convince an audience through the effective use of language.
Techniques of PersuasionTechniques of Persuasion
• Either/or fallacy- oversimplifying an issue by presenting only two extreme choices.
• Ex. P. 102- “…I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery…”
Figurative LanguageFigurative Language
• Language that appeals to the senses: simile, metaphor, personification, and hyperbole.
• It supports an emotional appeal.
Figurative LanguageFigurative Language• Ex. P. 102 “I have but one lamp by
which my feet are guided; and that lamp is experience.”
• Henry is saying that his past relations with the British were not good, so experience would lead him in the direction to protect himself from them.
Periodic SentencePeriodic Sentence
• When the main clause is postponed until the end of the sentence. The purpose is to build a conclusion to a dramatic climax.
• Ex. P. 104 “We must fight!”
AppealAppeal• To convince someone by playing on
their emotions/sympathy.• Ex: “Is life so dear, or peace so
sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”
• Without liberty, life and peace are worthless. He will risk his own life.
RepetitionRepetition
• The repeating of words or phrases.• This is done to make the
information stick in the minds of an audience.
• Ex: p. 104 “We must fight!” “We must fight!”
PerorationPeroration
• A memorable conclusion
• Ex: p. 104 “…but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”
Other Literary DevicesOther Literary Devices
• Allusion: p. 102 “We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts.” (figurative language)
• P. 102 “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.”
StyleStyle• Parallelism• Allusions – Biblical/Greek• Call to Action• Peroration• Emotional Appeals• Logical Appeals• Repetition
AllusionAllusion
• Allusion: p. 102 “We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us into beasts.” (figurative language)
• P. 102 “Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss.”
RepetitionRepetition
• “We must fight! We must fight!” Patrick Henry
ParallelismParallelism
• “We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne…” Patrick Henry pg. 204
Emotional AppealEmotional Appeal
• “The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave.” pg. 205
• “They tell us sir, that we are weak—unable to cope with so formidable an adversary…” pg. 205
PerorationPeroration
• A memorable conclusion
• Ex: p. 104 “…but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”
Call to ActionCall to Action
• We must fight!• Give me liberty or give me death!
Logical AppealLogical Appeal
• Why this accumulation of armies?• “They are meant for us; they can be meant
for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging.”
• Patrick Henry