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AND ANALYSISSpeechThe famous rndian peace activist and spirituar reader MahatmaGandhi is known for saying ..We must become the changewe seek in the world.,,That sounds at first like an awfullytall order, but today l,d like to show you how each of us cando just that and make a difference r.igi,t L"r. in Lexington,Kentucky. Think for;did something -;,il,"#l'""J:,T,;#:ilfiJiil lH ,o homework, or a neighbor rake ieaves.;;;""n a strangerget groceries from tlthat made *, ,..,i l,i,JlHj:,:[il:::;J:: ,""#;:lrr:;i:lyour week when you choose to be a volunteer. And for collegestudents rike us, it's easy to get invorved as vorunteers in ourlocal community. personally, I volunteer at the LexingtonRescue Mission and have reaped many benefits by doingso. (Show slide 1: pict.ure of me volunte"rirg ot the Mission.)l've also done extensive research on uof rniulring and civicengagement. So, let,s spend the next few minutes discussingthe benefits volunteering can have for us as college studentsby focusing on how volunteering i,"f p, ,, geiacquainteO witl^,the Iocar community, why civic ..*.r"rn"., L the responsibirityof every citizen, and what voluntelri"ng .." J" a" teach us newskills and build our res

v o r u n t e e r i n g .. . . " "; : I ""'..i" f ff f:.":1 ;J:i i ffirJ : : [: r,Volunteering is a great way to become acquainted witha community beyond the university campus. Most collegestudents move away from the comforts of nor" to a new andunfamiliar city. Not knowing what there is to do or even how toget around can be overwhelming and isolating. Volunteering isan easy way to quickly become familiar with anO begin to feel apart of this new city in addition to the campus community.Volunteering allows you to learn your wayaround town.ln an interview I had with Natalie Cr"ni"gf,.r, the volunteercoordinator of the Lexington Rescue vlisJion, she said, ,,wyfirst group of students needed rides to all the various volunteersites because they had no idea wneru tt,ing, w"re in the city. ltwas reary easy for the students who rived"on ..rnom to remainignorant of their city, but while volunteu.i,U tf.r.V becomeacqua.inted with Lexington and the importait issues going onhere." tt seems tike a siily thing, brt k;o;;g;o"rr. *ru aroundtown starts to make any city feer rike nor"."jotrntu.ringgets you out into the local area and helps you Ougin to getacquainted with new people and places.Volunteering can arso open your eyes to rocar sociar issuesand conditions. According to Cohen, fVo*Orry, Lif lefte, andThompson, many nonprofit organization, ,iriu.io ,.riruawareness of important social issues, things like hunger andhomelessness. The second timu r ,rrow"J ip io"uorun,u.r. .,the Lexington Rescue Mission, I served fooi to tn. homeless.(show stide 2: sroup of votunteers i, tilriitini"rj t ,.ru.osoup and hung out with other volunteers and local homelesspeople. One of the .,veteran,,volunteers "*Ol.,n"O to me that

AnalysisNotice how Alysso uses a famous quotationto get the oXention of her oudience in a woythot olso piques interest about the topic.

Here, Alysso estoblishes listener relevance bypointing out thot helping others makes us feetg.ood and volunteering con be easy.Alyssa mentions thot she volunteers, whichbolsters ethos qnd establishes ner creaititirtyto speak on the topic.

Notice how Alyssa's thesis with moin pointpreview gives us o sense of the organizationalfromework for her ideas.

Agoin, os Alyssa introduces the first mainpoint, she gets us to tune in because we allknow how overwhelming ond isoloting wecon feel when we move ta a new ploce.

Quoting the volunteer coordinator is agreat piece of developmentql moterial thotencouroges us to trust thot Alyssa,s messogeis trustworthy. (Note thot interviews or, ,J,included in the reference section but are citedin the text of the outtine.)

Alysso intersperses octuol photos of her ando_thers volunteering throughout thi speech.Doing so enhances her verbol messoge but

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Lexington has approximately 3,000 homeless people. /Showslide 3: homelessness stotistics in Lexington.) I was shockedto learn that we had such a large number of men, women,and children without a regular place to sleep. I wouldn,t haveknown about this problem or the organizations working toend homelessness if I hadn't been a volunteer. Not only isvolunteering important because it helps us become familiarwith a town and its social issues; frankly, as members of ademocratic society, volunteering is our civic responsibility.Giving back to the community through volunteer work isour civic responsibility and a privilege. Each of us in this room_whether as U.S. citizens or international students-are reapingthe benefits of earning college degrees in this democraticsociety. With that benefit comes the responsibility andprivilege of giving back. Volunteering is our civic responsibility.Wilson and Musick explain that, without active participation inthe local community, civil society becomes deprived. I agree.Giving back by volunteering helps the community in so manyways. /Show s lides 4 and 5: volunteers sorting clothes ot themission ond then volunteers playing cards with people served otthe shelter.)Volunteering is also a privilege. Making a difference byvolunteering ends up making us feel better about ourselvesand our role in the world around us. ln fact, researchconducted by the Corporation for National and CommunityService from 2O02 to 2005 shows that college studentsage sixteen to twenty-four represent the fastest growingdemographic of volunteers in this country. (Show slide G: bargroph showing growth.) Not only that, a study done by theHigher Education Research lnstitute published in.lanuary of2009 shows that a whopping 69.7 percent of first_year collegestudents believe it is essential or very important to volunteerto help people in need. Certainly, the privilege of giving backas volunteers is our civic responsibility and helps our localcommunity, but we can also reap valuable resum6_building lifeskills by volunteering.Volunteering helps teach us new skills. These new skillsand talents can actually make us more marketable for betterjobs once we graduate. Being a consistent volunteer at anonprofit organization while attending college can strengthenyour resum6. According to Charmer, in the Journal of CareerDevelopment, "Employers rely on credentials to certifythat a young person will become a valuable employee.Credentials that document the experiences and employabilityskills, knowledge, and atitude.,, Laura Hatfield, director ofthe Center for Community Outreach at the University ofKentucky, points out that volunteers can include leadership,teamwork, and listening skills on their resum6s because theycan document the experiences where they had to use themeffectively in the real world. Andrea Stockelman, anothervolunteer at the Lexington Rescue Mission, explained someof the new skills she picked up with volunteering. She said, ,,1learned that there was a lot more that went into preparingfood for the homeless than I ever thought possible. lt was neatto be a part of that process." (Show slide 7: photo of Andreopreporing food.)

doesn't reploce it. The photos olso providepothos, moking her ideas more emotionallycompelling.

Here and throughout the speech, notice howAlyssa uses effective section tronsitions toverbolly tie the point she is wrapping up withan introduction of the point to come. Thismakes her speech flow smoothly so listenerscon follow her troin of thought ond bolstersher ethos because she sounds prepored.Alyssa's careful oudience anolysis reveolsitself here as she reminds her audience thoteven those who are not Americon citizensore benefiting os students in our educotionolsystem and, thus, have o responsibility to givebock in some woy.

Alyssa's choice to include nationol stotisticsof college student volunteers bolsters hercredibility and provides listener relevance byreinforcing that college students ore doingthis, want to do this, and feel good aboutdoing this kind of work.Students wont to know how to morketthemselves to get good jobs. So this moinpoint will help mointoin listener interest at opoint when minds might tend to wonder.

By including a quotation from anothervolunteer, we don't have to toke Alyssa,sword olone.

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Volunteering at the Lexington Rescue Mission taught menew skills that bolstered my resum6. fsno* ,iJ" B: resumdwith skills highliqhted.) I learned to .oorOin.i.-the sctreOules ofother volunteers. I also practiced important peopte skills suchas teamwork, empathy, conflict ,.n.g"rn"n,, and listening.Today we've discussed why voluntiering is beneficial tocollege students by focusing on how votuntlering can connectus quickly and easily to our local community, why it,s both ourlespo_nsibility a privilege to do so, and how volunteering willbenefit us after we graduate. So, l,m hoping the next time yourecall a time you really enjoyed making a difference by helpingsomeone, that memory won,t come from the distant past.lnstead, I hope you,ll be thinking.Oout ho* yJu'are being thechange you seek in the world Oy uotunteeri., l.Un, here inLexington right now.

This very cleor thesis restotement with mainpoint summory signals a sense of closure.

Notice how Alysso ties back to her openingquototion in her clincher. This provides asense of wrapping up without soying thankyou th.at helps listeners feel like the speech iscomplete in a memoroble woy.

SummaryDelivery refers to the use of voice and body to communicate the message of.the:i".".,:?:r;Jl1jf audience ,.., u,.Jh.ars. Effectiv. ;.1*.y is conversa-The physicar erements of delivery include the use of voice and use of bocry.y varying the four characteristi.r '.r,.1." (pitch, volume, .ut., ur.a quarity)nd using strategica,y plu...9 pu.rr...yo., can ensure that your speech is inter_igible to your audienceand is vocalry J*f."rriu". During a speech, you can useour body (eye contact, facial ."p..rriorri, gestures, *ou.-.rrt, posture, poise,115 :,:n, ,,*:l;'.:"""t ethos, reinfo.." tt'. "-otro'ui^io,r. or your ideas,Speeches vary in the amount of content preparation and practice donehead of time' speeches may be a.r-.r"a impromptu (with little advancedreparation)' scripted (memorizecl or clelivered aom u *ri,,.,',,'urruscript or aeleprompter), or extemporaneousry-researched and pranned ahead of timerrr wirh the exact word.ing varying i.o* pi.r.,rrarion ro presenrarion.Between the time the*outrine"i, cffieted and the speech is given, it ismportant to engage in rehearsal ,"rriorrr'.orrsisting .f " p.;.;;., an analysis,nd another practice. During ,ir... ..rr.u.r^l ,..rioi., y..r'*iii *.rk on using aey-word outline of your speaking notes, using your presentationai aids effec_ively, and using an effective "."i i";;;;;e and detivery style.When you are finaily ready to gi;.;;;, speech, remember that your goals to have your audience understani yoi . -.rsage, so be prepared to adapt toour audience during your speech.

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