SPED 537 ECSE Methods Multiple Disabilities Ch 6 & 7 Deborah Chen, Ph.D. California State...
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Transcript of SPED 537 ECSE Methods Multiple Disabilities Ch 6 & 7 Deborah Chen, Ph.D. California State...
SPED 537 ECSE MethodsMultiple DisabilitiesCh 6 & 7
Deborah Chen, Ph.D.California State University,
NorthridgeApril 3-4 2006
Types of Hearing Loss Conductive Sensorineural Mixed Progressive Central auditory processing
disorder
Intensity of Sound Decibel (dB) 0 dB – softest sound 25 dB – whisper 50 dB – speech 90 dB – food blender 110 dB – rock concert 140 dB - firecracker
Logarithmic Scale 0 dB = softest sound heard 20 dB = 10 x 10 louder than 0 dB 20 dB hearing loss = hearing 100
times less than normal
Degree of Hearing Loss Mild: 15 – 30 dB Moderate : 30-50 dB Moderate-severe 50-70 dB Severe 70-90 dB Profound > 90dB
Causes of Hearing Loss in Young Children
40-60% genetic causes 10% congenital infections 10% meningitis 17% NICU Rest unknown
Incidence of Hearing Loss 30 infants born each day in US Hearing loss occurs 20 x more
frequently than PKU (phenlyketonuria)
1 in 1000 have severe-profound loss
4-5 in 1000 have mild-moderate loss
Significance of Early Detection By 6 months > language outcomes
than those detected later Average age of diagnosis 12-25
months Average age for detecting mild
loss 5-6 years
Newborn Screening Most hospitals screen “at risk” Identifies only 50 % children A.B. 2780 required all CCS
approved hospitals to implement UNIVERSAL newborn hearing screening by 12/02
400,000 (>70%) newborns in CAhttp://www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/NHSP
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
Costs $25-45 hospital-based screening.
Two electrophysiological tests: Screening auditory brainstem
responseSABR Otoacoustic emissions OEA
Behavioral Tests (Infants) Behavioral Observation
Audiometry(BOA)
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)
Objective Tests Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Brainstem Evoked Response (BSER) Brainstem Auditory Evoked
Response (BAER)
Otoacoustic emissions (OAE)
Behavioral Tests Tangible Reinforcement Operant
Conditioning (TROCA) Visual Reinforcement Operant
Conditioning (VROCA)
Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)
Audiogram
Graph that shows: - hearing thresholds
- at different frequencies - and loudness levels - by air conduction and - bone conduction
Audiogram
Provides information on: Type of hearing loss Degree of loss Slope of loss Sounds child can or cannot hear