SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES compressed …
Transcript of SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES compressed …
SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
By Francois Rancy, Director, Radiocommunicatio Bureau, ITUAnd Grace Petrin, ITU-R Communication Officer
(BR/IAP/OPS)
SPECTRUM FOR NEW & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES• History of CCIR and the ITU-R Sector • Spectrum for Emerging Technologies Enabled by ITU-R Studies and WRC decisions• The ITU Regulatory Framework for GEO and NON-GEO SAT Communication Systems• New satellites services enabled by ITU-R Study Groups and WRC decisions• ITU-R Study Groups and WRC decisions enable global navigation and Earth monitoring• ITU achievements for Broadcasting• Spectrum Management activities within ITU-R
History of CCIR and ITU-R Sector
90 years of global collaboration among ITU membership
The Radiotelegraph Conference (Washington, 1927)created the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR)
1927 – CREATION OF CCIR
In 1947, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) became a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).
ITU was composed of the General Secretariat, theInternational Frequency Registration Board (IFRB),the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT), and the International Radiocommunication Consultative Committee (CCIR) for radio.
ITU JOINS THE UN FAMILY
In 1992, the ITU was streamlined into three Sectors:
• Radiocommunication (ITU‐R)
• Telecommunication Standardization (ITU‐T)
• Telecommunication Development (ITU‐D)
1992 ‐ NewITU Structure
EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ITU RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
•Principles and techniques
•Spectrum sharing
•Spectrum monitoring
•Spectrum utilization strategies
•Economic approaches
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 1
• Propagation in ionized and non‐ionized media
• Point‐to‐point and Earth‐space propagation
• Prediction methods
• Radio noise
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 3
RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION
•Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization
•Early warning and relief operations
•Equipment and performance standards for:
‐ fixed‐satellite services (FSS)
‐ broadcasting‐satellite services (BSS)
‐ mobile‐satellite services (MSS)
‐ radio‐determination‐satellite services (RDSS)
SATELLITE SERVICES
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 4
Non‐Geostationary satellite constellations
•Fixed
•Land mobile (3G, 4G, 5G)
•Maritime mobile
•Aeronautical mobile
•Radiodetermination
•Amateur
TERRESTRIAL SERVICES
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 5
IMT-2020: 5G USAGE SCENARIOS
BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY VIA HAPS
GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESSAND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS)
•Programme production
•Programme assembly
•Terrestrial broadcasting delivery
•Reception quality
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 6
BROADCASTING SERVICE
•Space operation
•Space research
•Earth exploration
•Radio astronomy
•Standard frequency and time signals
SCIENCE SERVICES
ITU‐R STUDY GROUP 7
• Preparedness
• Disaster prediction
• Detection
• Early warning/Alerting
• Relief
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
ITU‐R STUDY GROUPS 5 & 7
•ITU‐R Recommendations
•ITU‐R Reports and Handbooks
•Technical bases for radio conferences
•Service publications
ITU-R PRODUCTS - PUBLICATIONS
•Master International Frequency Register (MIFR)
• Space and Terrestrial Frequency Plans
• Notice processing and calculation software
• Emergency Database
•Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System (MARS)
• Global Administration Data System (GLAD)
ITU-R PRODUCTSSOFTWARE and DATABASES
G L A D
TheINTERNATIONAL
TREATYfor all
radiocommunications
ITU RADIO REGULATIONS
ITU enabling the Wireless Ecosystem
HIGH‐LEVEL SESSIONITU ENABLING THEWIRELESS ECOSYSTEM
ITU Interregional Workshop on WRC-19 Preparation (Geneva, 21-22 November 2017)
Spectrum for Emerging TechnologiesEnabled by ITU-R Studies
and WRC decisions
Broadband connectivity via High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS)
Fixed and mobile broadband,Extension of cellular networks,
Backhauling for Mobile Broadbandto underserved communities
WRC‐97600 MHz of spectrum in the 47/48 GHz band (fixed
users)
WRC‐2000600 MHz in 27/31 GHz (fixed) and 170 MHz in 2GHz (mobile
users)
WRC‐12160 MHz in the 6 GHz band in
five countries (gateways)
WRC‐19 will consider the needs in high
capacity bands for HAPS evolution, with candidates at 21 GHz,
26 GHz and 38 GHz
Frequencies identified in the Radio Regulations for use by HAPS:
20 – 50 km altitude, large service area
Source: www.thalesgroup.comSource: Airbus DS
Frequencies for wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC)
Wiring nowA380: wire count 100 000; length 470 km; weight 5 700 kg
WAIC will make new generation of aircraft more reliable, light, less fuel consuming and environmentally friendly
Wireless sensors in futureConnection of sensors (doors,
gears, engine…)
WRC‐15allocated 200 MHz (4 200 – 4 400 MHz) for WAIC allowing replacement of cables in future
aircraft
Command and control links for unmanned aircraft system (UAS)
WRC‐15 decisions, pave the way for commercial utilization of UAS after 2023
WRC‐12Allocation of spectrum in the 5 GHz band for terrestrial
component of UAS
WRC‐15Designation of 8 Ku/Ka
bands for space component of UAS after 2023
WRC‐23To establish regulations for FSS utilization for UAS
Future integration of UAS into civil air spaceReliable radiolinks are critical for UAS command and control
Source: http://www.sittard‐creatif.nl Source: REYNALDO RAMON Wikimedia commons
Broadband connectivity via Earth Stations in Motion (ESIM)
WRC‐15 decisions, supported by ITU‐R Study Groups, facilitate the increased use and further development of ESIM, paving the way for satellite systems to provide global broadband connectivity on mobile platforms such as ships, aircraft, and land vehicles
WRC‐15Set conditions for ESIM operation using the
bands 19.7‐20.2 GHz and 29.5‐30.0 GHz
in all Regions
WRC‐19Address the use of the bands
17.7‐19.7 GHz and 27.5‐29.5 GHz
for ESIM operation
High growing demand for broadband satellitecommunications to mobile platforms
Frequencies around 20/30 GHz have been identified as a primary focus for new systems
ITU maintains 7x24 on‐line worldwide database of ships and coast stations
We issue the following publications for GMDSS:
ITU provides frequencies and proceduresto enable distress and safety at sea
769 000 ships 2 200 coast stations
WRC‐19 will consider GMDSS modernization
User‐friendly manual for mariners
Safety of life at the sea - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
The ITU Regulatory Framework for Geostationary SatelliteCommunication Systems
Source: SRS Database of Aug 2017
COORDINATION2112 Satellite Networks57 Administrations
RECORDED in MIFR1130 Satellite Networks
45 Administrations342 unique orbital positions
Geostationary Satellite Networks
113EPALAPA‐B2PALAPA‐C1PALAPA‐C1‐KINFOSAT‐BKOREASAT‐113EKOREASAT‐113XKOREASAT‐2
113EAMS‐C8‐113EAMS‐C8‐113E_1CHINASAT‐E‐113ECHINASAT‐E‐113E_1HANSAT‐113EKOREASAT‐113KKTSAT‐113EPALAPA‐C1‐B
GSO Satellites
Terrestrial
Transmitting Earth Station
Receiving Earth Station
Interference
Sharing situation for GSO
Power-flux density limits (PFD)
Articles 21, 22 of Radio Regulations
EIRP, Power limits & minimum elevation
Articles 21 of Radio Regulations
Power-flux density limits aimed to protect all different applications in terrestrial services
Terrestrial
Off-axis EIRP
Downlink PFD
CCoordination
NNotification
7/8 years
Multi Stage Procedures
Plan(FSS & BSS)
No Modification
The ITU Regulatory Framework for Geostationary Satellite Communication Systems
The ITU Regulatory Framework for Non-Geostationary Satellite
Communication Systems
In March 2017, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau initiated the compliance check with respect to EPFD limits of all proposed non-GSO FSS Systems to ensure protection of GSO and to guarantee
development of new applications in satellite communications
Non-Geostationary Satellite Networks
500 to 40 000 km satellite orbit altitude From 1 satellite to Mega constellations
of up‐to 4000 satellites
More than 40 projects of non‐GSO systems in the Fixed‐satellite service(non GSO FSS) submitted to the ITU since 2014
In March 2017, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau initiated the compliance checkwith respect to EPFD limits of all proposed non‐GSO FSS Systems to ensure protection of GSO
and to guarantee development of new applications in satellite communications
Protection of Geostationary Satellite NetworksAll non‐GSO FSS projects use the same
frequency bands as GSO FSSThe question is ‘How to protect GSO’?
WRC‐2000 establishedEquivalent Power Flux Density (EPFD) Limits in the Radio Regulations from non‐GSO FSS
to protect GSO networks
EPFD verification requires calculation of interference from all interference sources originating in the non‐GSO system into any
possible GSO system at any point of the EarthAggregate Effect – the Radio Regulations also specify aggregate EPFD Limits to be met by all
non‐GSO FSS systems in order toprotect GSO FSS systems
New satellites services enabled by ITU-R Study Groups
and WRC decisions
Satellite systems for Global Flight Tracking (GFT)
Satellite tracking
complements terrestrial tracking e.g. radars, HF communications
Use of satellite systems to provide GFT improves aircraft tracking and is especially important for polar,
oceanic and remote areas
WRC‐15 allocated the band1087.7–1092.3 MHz for satellite reception of tracking signals
compliant with ICAO standards
Need for continuousaircraft surveillance
Became an international priority following disappearance of MH370
Broadband connectivity via High Throughput Satellites (HTS)
Increasing demand for:‐ 4G / 5G backhaul
‐ HD / UHDTV (4K, 8K)‐ Interactive TV
‐ high‐speed Internet accessto individual homes / offices‐ enterprise networking
Demand for capacity will grow by 27% in the next 10 years*
HTS capacity 100‐300 Gbits/s increasingto more than 1 Tbit/s by 2020*
* According to NSR (Northern Sky Research)
HTS carry antennas that generate a large number of very narrow steerable beams which carry high‐powered signals
Broadband connectivity via HTSis particularly useful for the
provision of broadband servicesin rural or remote areas
and is therefore an essential elementin connecting the unconnectedand bridging the digital divide
ITU-R Study Groupsand WRC decisions
enable global navigationand Earth monitoring
Global Radionavigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
11% a yearWorld economy growth relying
on GNSS
244 billion Euro by 2020 (ESA)
GNSS global revenue (SIA)GNSS
IntelligentTransportSystems
Search andRescue
(Cospas‐Sarsat)
Aeronauticalnavigation,
rescue & safetyAgriculture Science
Earth Observation and Meteorological Satellites
4.9 billion Euro/yearbenefit of
weather forecast (EU)
Cost of aNatural Disastercan be up to
235 billion USD
1 Euro to preparednessgives 4‐7 Eurosavings during
recovery operations
ITU‐R Study Groups and WRCs develop the technical and regulatory frameworks forthe sustainable development and protection of GNSS, EESS and Space Science services
and applications.
These frameworks enable efficient sharing of spectrum with otherradiocommunication services, within and interference‐free environment.
Environmental data
‐ Atmospheric chemistry (atmospheric pollution levels)
‐ Water temperature/salinity
‐ Coastal erosion ‐ Forest site and
biomass evolution‐ Soil moisture‐ Polar ice extension
and depth‐ Land usage‐ Security‐ Mining investigation
Disaster management
‐ Coastal hazards/tsunamis
‐ Drought‐ Earthquakes‐ Extreme
weather/tornados‐ Flooding‐ Landslides‐ Pollution
(e.g. oil spills)‐ Sea and lake ice‐ Volcanoes eruptions‐ Wild land fires
Economy development
‐ Urban planning support‐ High resolution
mapping‐ Fishing stocks
localization‐ Agricultural productivity‐ Water preserving
ITU achievements for Broadcasting
ITU produces global technical standards from program production to signal transmission
ITU hamonises global use of frequency bands
To enable ubiquitous and affordable Radio and
Television
Inform, Educate and Entertain – Broadcasting Service
Use 20 timesless spectrum
Interactiveand accessibility
service
Portableand mobile reception
Better picture and
sound quality
First in ITU history, huge spectrum dividends
“Golden” 700‐800 MHz bands for IMT mobile service (WRC‐12/15)
ITU‐R adopted more than 100 Recommendations laying the path for transition from analogue to digital TV
ITU is also helping in organizing spectrum for this transition (e.g. GE06‐Agreement) between European, African, Arab and Central Asian Countries
Digital Television (DTV) Revolution
One 16x9 aspect ratioOne compression technique H.264One 1920x1080 pixel configuration
Same bandwidth as analogue systems
In 1990, ITU approved Recommendation ITU‐R BT.709 for a single HDTV program standard
High Definition Television (HDTV)
High Dynamic Range
Immersive Advanced Sounds
Higher contrast, vivid colors and brighter images
Wide Color Gamut
In 2012, ITU approved Recommendation ITU‐R BT.2020 for a single global UHDTV program standard
Global Advanced Standards for Television
Spectrum Management activities within ITU-RITU-R develops standards and best practices on spectrum management,
for use by national authorities to plan, coordinate, regulate, authorize andmonitor the use of spectrum resources and prevent harmful interference
National Regulations on Spectrum
ITU Radio Regulations and Regional Agreements form the basis of the international regulationsto be observed by National Authorities in the use of spectrum and orbit resources.
National Authorities convert these mandatory instruments into national laws and regulationsto ensure the rational, efficient and effective use of spectrum, free of interference.
‐National Table of Frequency Allocations ‐National Rules and procedures to access spectrum, clarifying the rights and obligations
Licensing
National Authorities authorize the use of the frequency spectrum through:
‐ a license authorizing an operator to use a specific part of the spectrum resourcewith rights and obligations (e.g. coverage, quality of service)
‐ a general authorization for the shared use of some frequency bands between many users(e.g. ISM bands) under stringent conditions of use (e.g. non‐interference/non‐protection basis, equipment certification, power limitations)
New licensing approaches to increase reuse of spectrum, including dynamically, and associated challenges are being developed and studied in ITU‐R, relying on new regulatory and technical
solutions, including License‐Shared Access, spectrum use database, cognitive radio systems (CRS).
Economic Aspects
ITU‐R Recommendations, Reports and Handbooks provide principles, guidelines andbest practices on the economic aspects of spectrum management, covering in particular,
authorization, spectrum pricing, re‐farming and monitoring processes.
Automation of Spectrum Management Activities
ITU‐R studies are continuing on a further automation of the spectrum management monitoring activities towards a more efficient use of spectrum
ITU-R and the path to 5GFor over 30 years, ITU has been developing the standards and spectrum arrangements to support International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)
1G analogue systems provided two key improvements over the first radiotelephone services: ‐ the invention of the microprocessor; and‐ digitization of the control link between the mobile phone and the cell site.
1970s
Frequencies for mobile services allocatedin the Radio Regulations
First Generation (1G)
2G systems digitized not only the control linkbut also the voice signal ‐ better quality andhigher capacity at lower cost.
Regional/global operation was hampered by:‐ multiple incompatible standards; ‐ different frequency bands and channelsin different parts of the world.
1980s‐1990s
ITU‐R develops the international mobile telecommunication system (IMT) to address these issues – first global IMT frequencies identified at WRC‐92
Second Generation (2G)
ITU’s IMT‐2000 global standard for 3G unanimously approved at the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly 2000 – digital voice and data.
Global standard and harmonized frequencies:‐ global roaming;‐ massive economies of scale;‐ innovative applications and services.
2000s
WRC‐2000 and WRC‐07 identify additional frequencybands for IMT in the Radio Regulations
IMT‐2000 – Third Generation (3G)
IMT‐Advanced specifications approved at the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly 2012 ‐packet‐based, multi‐media, high data rates.
Mobile broadband becomes the main method of accessing the Internet
2010s
WRC‐15 harmonizes and identifies additional frequencybands for IMT in the Radio Regulations
IMT‐Advanced – Fourth Generation (4G)
IMT‐2020 specifications scheduled for completion in 2020:
‐ Gigabit data rates and enhanced performance for mobile broadband
‐ Support for billions of smart devices
‐ Responsive and ultra‐reliable communications for mission critical applications
2020s
WRC‐19 will consider which frequencies above 24 GHzcould be identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations
IMT‐2020 – Fifth Generation (5G)