Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns Francis Palma , Naouel Moha, and Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc The MCETECH Conference, 2015 Ptidej Team, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada Latece, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Transcript of Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Francis Palma, Naouel Moha, and Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc
The MCETECH Conference, 2015
Ptidej Team, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada Latece, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
Problem Context
2 of
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Service orchestration using control logics
• Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS)
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
• Design patterns and antipatterns
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May 15, 2015
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Problem Context
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
BPMN model
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model Transformation
gaps BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model
Conceptual mismatch
Transformation gaps BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model
Conceptual mismatch
Transformation gaps
Evolution Evolution
BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
Early design anomalies
BPMN model
Conceptual mismatch
Antipatterns!
Transformation gaps
Evolution Evolution
BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Early design anomalies
hard to maintain and evolve
bad quality of service poor design
BPMN model
Conceptual mismatch
Antipatterns!
Transformation gaps
Evolution Evolution
Problem Context
Web services Client application Users
messages messages
BPEL Engine
BPEL Process
BPEL4WS process
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
3 of 24
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Process Antipatterns: An Example
*Jana Koehler and Jussi Vanhatalo, Process Anti-Patterns: How to Avoid the Common Traps of Business Process Modeling, 2005
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Process Antipatterns: An Example
Deadlocks Through Decision-Join Pairs
decision and join
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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*Jana Koehler and Jussi Vanhatalo, Process Anti-Patterns: How to Avoid the Common Traps of Business Process Modeling, 2005
May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Process Antipatterns: An Example
Deadlocks Through Decision-Join Pairs
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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*Jana Koehler and Jussi Vanhatalo, Process Anti-Patterns: How to Avoid the Common Traps of Business Process Modeling, 2005
Outline
• Context
• Related Work
• Approach
• Experiments
• Conclusion
Outline
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
May 15, 2015
Related Work (1/2)
• Catalog of antipatterns: - Onoda et al. (1999): 5 deadlock patterns - Persson et al. (2006), Stirna et al. (2009): 6 patterns , 13 antipatterns - Koehler and Vanhatalo (2007): 14 structural antipatterns - Trcka et al. (2009): formalised 9 antipatterns using temporal logic • Detection of antipatterns: - Gruhn and Laue (2010): heuristic-based approach - Laue and Awad (2010): visualise antipatterns • BPEL4WS patterns: - Wohed et al. (2002): analysed BPEL4WS based on communication patterns - Aalst et al. (2003): 26 branching-synchronization, structural patterns
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Related Work (2/2)
Identified gaps from the literature:
- Antipatterns and detection approaches: for graphical models
- No specifications of process antipatterns (except Trcka et al. 2009)
- No automatic detection approach for process antipatterns until now
- Various quality aspects of partner services were not considered
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Outline
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
May 15, 2015
Solution towards detection
• We propose to:
- specify process antipatterns using rule cards
- define a concrete approach: SODA-BP
• We perform validation of SODA-BP
- eight antipatterns, 35 BPEL processes
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Related Work
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May 15, 2015
Approach (1/6): SODA-BP
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in Business Processes
1. Specification of Process Antipatterns
inputs outputs
Process antipatterns Rule cards
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (1/6): SODA-BP
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in Business Processes
1. Specification of Process Antipatterns
2. Generation of Detection Algorithms
inputs outputs
Process antipatterns Rule cards
Rule cards Detection Algorithms
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (1/6): SODA-BP
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in Business Processes
1. Specification of Process Antipatterns
2. Generation of Detection Algorithms
3. Detection of Process Antipatterns
inputs outputs
Process antipatterns Rule cards
Rule cards Detection Algorithms
Detection Algorithms Antipatterns occurrences
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (2/6): Specify Rules
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
BNF grammar of the DSL of SODA-BP
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (2/6): Specify Rules
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
BNF grammar of the DSL of SODA-BP
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (2/6): Specify Rules
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
BNF grammar of the DSL of SODA-BP
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
9 of 24
May 15, 2015
Approach (2/6): Specify Rules
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
BNF grammar of the DSL of SODA-BP
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
9 of 24
May 15, 2015
Approach (2/6): Specify Rules
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
BNF grammar of the DSL of SODA-BP
Context
Related Work
Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Approach (3/6): Specify Rules
RULE_CARD Deadlock {
RULE Deadlock {X_DECISION S:PRECEDE (JOIN OR TASK)};
};
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Approach
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Conclusion
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May 15, 2015 Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Approach (4/6): Generation
2. Generation of Detection Algorithms Rule cards Detection
Algorithms
Manual Implementation
Rules of Antipatterns
Detection Algorithms in JAVA
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (5/6): Process Transform
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Approach (5/6): Process Transform
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Step 1
Step 1: An automatic transformation to abstract process Step 2: Semantically equivalent process mappable to our language
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Approach (5/6): Process Transform
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Step 1
Step 2
Step 1: An automatic transformation to abstract process Step 2: Semantically equivalent process mappable to our language
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Approach (6/6): Detection Framework
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
Process Handler: - generate the process structure trees (PSTs) - map the abstract process model to rule-based language - automatically apply detection algorithms on PSTs and report results
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Outline
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
May 15, 2015
Experiments (1/8): Assumptions
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
A1. Generality: The DSL allows the specification of different process antipatterns. A2. Accuracy: Antipatterns detection algorithms have at least a precision of 75%, and a recall of 100%. A3. Extensibility: Our DSL and SOFA framework are extensible by adding new metrics and process antipatterns.
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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Experiments (2/8): Subjects
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
1. Cyclic Deadlock through Join-Fork and Join-Decision Pair 2. Cyclic Lack of Synchronisation through Merge-Fork Pair 3. Dangling Inputs and Outputs 4. Deadlock Through Decision-Join Pair 5. Lack of Synchronisation through Fork-Merge Pair 6. Missing Data 7. Multiple Connections between Activities 8. Passing Shared Data along Several Branches
• Rule cards are available on http://sofa.uqam.ca/soda-bp/
Context
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May 15, 2015
Experiments (3/8): Objects
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Experiments (4/8): Results
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Lack of Synchronisation antipattern
RULE_CARD LackOfSynchronisation { RULE LackOfSynchronisation {(MultiForkAndMerge AND MergePrecedence) W:PRECEDE MERGE:i}; RULE MultiForkAndMerge {MultiFork AND MultiMerge}; RULE MultiFork {NOF ≥ 1}; RULE MultiMerge {NOM ≥ 2}; RULE MergePrecedence {FORK W:PRECEDE MERGE:j}; };
May 15, 2015
Experiments (4/8): Results
Context
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Lack of Synchronisation antipattern
RULE_CARD LackOfSynchronisation { RULE LackOfSynchronisation {(MultiForkAndMerge AND MergePrecedence) W:PRECEDE MERGE:i}; RULE MultiForkAndMerge {MultiFork AND MultiMerge}; RULE MultiFork {NOF ≥ 1}; RULE MultiMerge {NOM ≥ 2}; RULE MergePrecedence {FORK W:PRECEDE MERGE:j}; };
May 15, 2015
Experiments (5/8): Results
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Multiple Connections antipattern
RULE_CARD MultipleConnection { RULE MultipleConnection {MultiControlFlow OR MultiDataFlow}; RULE MultiControlFlow {NICF > 1}; RULE MultiDataFlow {NIDF > 1}; };
May 15, 2015
Experiments (6/8): Generality (A1)
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
RULE _CARD DanglingOutputs { RULE DanglingOutputs {NUO = 0}; };
RULE_CARD LackOfSynchronisation { RULE LackOfSynchronisation {(MultiForkAndMerge AND MergePrecedence) W:PRECEDE MERGE:i}; RULE MultiForkAndMerge {MultiFork AND MultiMerge}; RULE MultiFork {NOF ≥ 1}; RULE MultiMerge {NOM ≥ 2}; RULE MergePrecedence {FORK W:PRECEDE MERGE:j}; };
RULE_CARD MissingData { RULE MissingData {RequiredInputData AND DanglingInput}; RULE RequiredInputData {UndeclaredData AND UnproducedData}; RULE UndeclaredData {NIU ≥ 1}; RULE UnproducedData {NIP ≥ 1}; RULE DanglingInput {RULE_CARD DanglingInputs}; };
Our DSL allows the specification of different process antipatterns.
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
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Experiments (7/8): Accuracy (A2)
Antipatterns detection algorithms have at least a precision of 75%, and a recall of 100%.
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Approach
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Conclusion
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May 15, 2015
Experiments (8/8): Extensibility (A3)
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
For the DSL: 19 SCA and Web services-specific metrics 10 new business process-specific metrics Extended the DSL with new business process-specific constructs
For the SOFA framework: specified and detected 23 antipatterns in SCA, Web services 8 business process-specific antipatterns
Our DSL and SOFA framework are extensible by adding new metrics and process antipatterns.
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Experiments
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Comparison with other approaches
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Outline
Context
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Approach
Experiments
Conclusion
May 15, 2015
Conclusion
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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May 15, 2015
Conclusion
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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May 15, 2015
Conclusion
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Conclusion
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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May 15, 2015
Future work
• Perform experiments on other large and complex processes
- Limitation: availability of business processes
• Automate the algorithm generation approach
• Analyse the processes dynamically
• Focus on the corrections of process antipatterns
Palma et al. | Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns
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Thanks for your attention! Questions?
