SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELLFISH...
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Species composition and distribution of shellfish in the mangrove area at Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus , were studied during January – December 2011. The results showed that 6 families (13 species) of crabs and 5 families (11 species) of molluscs were observed in this area. However, none of shrimp was found in this study. The crabs were mostly in family Sesarmidae (64.18 %) followed by family Ocypodidae, family Varunidae, Macrophthalmidae, Portunidae and Dotilidae. Among crabs seen this time, Episesarma mederi (H. Miline Edwards, 1853) was mostly species distributed in this area. For mollusc, they were mostly in family Potamididae (13.79%), followed by family Melampidae, and Littorinidae. Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) was the most mollusc species distributed in this area. Key words ; mangrove forest, crab, mangrove mollusk, diversity, Gulf of Thailand. Order/Family Species name N Mean length (cm) ± SD Length range (cm) Mean weight (g) ± SD Weight range (g) Decapoda Dotillidae Ilyoplax orientalis (De Man, 1888) 4 1.33 0.09 1.2-1.4 1.15 0.33 0.69-1.53 Acrophthalmidae Macrophthalmus latrellei (Desmarest, 1822) 13 1.56 0.28 0.9-2.1 1.4 0.79 0.12-3.61 Ocypodidae Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) 11 1.76 0.33 1.3-2.5 2.22 0.78 0.97-3.48 Ocypodidae Uca forcipata (Adams & White, 1848) 1 2.2 5.3 Ocypodidae Uca paradussumieri (Bott, 1973) 8 1.53 0.25 1.2-1.8 1.64 0.74 0.87-2.6 Portunidae Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) 6 4.43 1.31 2.8-6.5 21.2 16.7 4.2-52 Sesarmidae Episesarma mederi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) 234 1.48 0.79 0.4-4 4.58 9.39 0.02-56 Sesarmidae Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) 8 2.78 0.48 1.9-3.6 18.6 9.16 10.93-40 Sesarmidae Episesarma chengtongense (Serene & Soh, 1967) 2 3.2 0.12 3.1-3.3 30 3.46 27-33 Sesarmidae Parasesarma plicatum (Latreille, 1806) 106 1.32 0.29 0.6-2 1.47 1.01 0.1-4.56 Sesarmidae Perisesarma eumolpe (De Man, 1895) 55 1.58 0.23 1-2.1 2.8 1.64 0.74-10.57 Varunidae Metaplax elegans (De Man, 1888) 16 1.25 0.31 0.6-2.2 1.12 1.23 0.2-5.61 Varunidae Metaplax dentipes (Heller, 1830) 1 1 0.46 Acteophila Melampidae Cassidula aurisfelis (Brugulere, 1789) 12 1.61 0.24 1.2-2 0.58 0.27 0.1-1 Melampidae Cassidula aurisfelis (Brugulere, 1789) 21 1.46 0.19 1.1-1.9 0.55 0.17 0.3-0.9 Melampidae Cassidula nucleus (Gelin. 1791) 23 1.13 0.21 0.5-1.4 0.27 0.09 0.06-0.5 Melampidae Cassidula mustelina (Deshayes, 1830) 3 2.07 0.05 2-2.1 1.31 0.08 1.22-1.39 Littorinimorpha Assimineidae Assiminea brevicula (Pfeiffer, 1854) 9 0.41 0.13 0.2-0.6 0.04 0.02 0.01-0.07 Mesogastropoda Potamididae Cerithidae ci Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) 3 2.67 0.88 2.1-3.8 2.41 0.7 1.85-3.3 Potamididae Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) 77 3.02 0.44 2.2-3.8 1.83 0.59 0.9-3.82 Potamididae Cerithium coralium (Kiener, 1841) 6 3.3 0.18 3-3.5 2.24 0.37 1.8-2.87 Potamididae Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 6.7 23 Neotaenioglossa Littorinidae Littoraria melanostoma (Gray, 1839) 3 1.8 0.15 1.7-2 0.61 0.02 0.6-0.64 Onchidiacea Onchidiidae Onchidiidae sp. 8 4.94 1.36 3.23-6.45 Table 1. Distribution and number of species of the shellfish in mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University Pattani campus. B A Figure 1. A, Study area and B, the shellfish sampling in the mangrove area. RESULTS The shellfish were studied in the mangrove areas of the University, Pattani Campus during January - December 2011. The complete specimens of 631 items belonging to 24 different texa (Table. 1). Crabs were numerically the most important shellfish (73.69%, 465 items) in the class Malacostraca, followed by Mollusc (26.31%, 166 items) in the class Gastropoda. The specimens in the order level were classified in 6 orders, Decapoda was the highest (Fig. 2). In 11 families, family Sesarmidae was the highest (Fig. 3). A total of 24 different texa, 13 crab and 11 molluse species could be identified. Most numerous species was Episesarma mederi (average length 1.48 mm), followed by Parasesarma plicatum (average length 1.32 mm), Perisesarma eumolpe (1.58 mm), Metaplax elegans (1.25 mm) and Macrophthalmus latrellei (1.56 mm) in the crab group. In case of mollusc group, most numerous species was Cerithidae quadrata (average length 3.02 mm), followed by Cassidula nucleus (average length 1.13 mm) and Cassidula aurisfelis (1.46 mm) (Table 1). The results showed that, species was relatively small in general and the size of the caught shellfish varied between species. We found that there were many types of shellfish group outside the hole, such as Scylla serrata, Scylla tranquebaricus, Varuna yui, Uca urvillei and Paracleistostoma sp. in crab, Cerithidae cingulata, Ellobium aurismidae and Assiminea brevicula in snail and Elysia bangtawaensis in sea slug. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study concerns shellfish in the mangrove, which located on the coastal area beside the Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus (6 o 53´ 27.61˝N, 101 o 14´ 21.29˝E), near the Pattani Bay, Gulf of Thailand. Shellfish sampling were repeated in each of three sub-areas, by 1.0x1.0 meter hole digging 50 cm in depth (Fig. 1). The specimens were stored with 10% formalin in the laboratory. The species were identified after the field work had been finished. Where intact, they were measured and weighed. INTRODUCTION Pattani coastal zone is a wetland which is abundant zone with two rivers flowing into Pattani Bay. The coastal ecosystems of Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus, is conductive to a variety of aquatic organisms, therefore it is important resource. The area is adjacent to Pattani Bay. Water borne sediments have been deposited into the muddy beach along the coast of Pattani estuary. Deposition of sediments resulted in the proliferation of new land along the coast. In 1977, there were two miles of the coastal area, staff of Prince of Songkla University began to plant mangroves in the vicinity of the beach sediments of the sludge. Now planted mangroves have occurred more than 100 acres composing of new creatures, especially shrimp, crabs and mollusc from the mangroves in the parking lot tractable. This study was aimed for biodiversity, composition and distribution of shellfish in the mangrove of university. CONCLUSION This study did not report composition and distribution of shrimp because the sampling was to dig a hole during low tide or no flood in the area. The high number of species (family Sesarmidae in order Decapoda) is representative for the species richness of the area compared to the short list in temperate area as summarized in Naiyanetr (1998) and only family Assimineaidae in brackish mangrove, Samutprakarn province being consistent with this study (Sottiyothin and Kulabtong, 2011). Physical factors such as temperature, salinity and pH did not affect the distribution of the species. It should be integrated into the planning of the finding in this study at the university level with the relevant experts, to develop and manage the area properly and to reduce the impact on the other species in the forest. G H I F E D A B C A B Figure 4. The mangrove shellfish: A, Episesarma mederi; B, Parasesarma plicatum; C, Perisesarma eumolpe; D, Metaplax elegans; E, Uca urvillei; F, Cerithidae quadrata; G, Littoraria melanostoma; H, Telescopium telescopium and I, Cassidula nucleus are distribution in the mangrove area of the University, Pattani campus. Figure 2. Percentage of the order level distribu- tion of shellfish in the mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus. Figure 3. Percentage of the family level distribu- tion of shellfish in the mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus. SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELLFISH IN THE MANGROVE AREA AT PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY PATTANI CAMPUS ABSTRACT
Transcript of SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELLFISH...
Species composition and distribution of shellfish in the mangrove area at Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus , were studied during January – December 2011. The results showed that 6 families (13 species) of crabs and 5 families (11 species) of molluscs were observed in this area. However, none of shrimp was found in this study. The crabs were mostly in family Sesarmidae (64.18 %) followed by family Ocypodidae, family Varunidae, Macrophthalmidae, Portunidae and Dotilidae. Among crabs seen this time, Episesarma mederi (H. Miline Edwards, 1853) was mostly species distributed in this area. For mollusc, they were mostly in family Potamididae (13.79%), followed by family Melampidae, and Littorinidae. Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) was the most mollusc species distributed in this area.Key words ; mangrove forest, crab, mangrove mollusk, diversity, Gulf of Thailand.
Order/Family Species name NMean length(cm)
± SDLength range(cm)
Meanweight
(g)± SD
Weight range
(g)Decapoda Dotillidae Ilyoplax orientalis (De Man, 1888) 4 1.33 0.09 1.2-1.4 1.15 0.33 0.69-1.53 Acrophthalmidae Macrophthalmus latrellei (Desmarest, 1822) 13 1.56 0.28 0.9-2.1 1.4 0.79 0.12-3.61 Ocypodidae Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) 11 1.76 0.33 1.3-2.5 2.22 0.78 0.97-3.48 Ocypodidae Uca forcipata (Adams & White, 1848) 1 2.2 5.3 Ocypodidae Uca paradussumieri (Bott, 1973) 8 1.53 0.25 1.2-1.8 1.64 0.74 0.87-2.6 Portunidae Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) 6 4.43 1.31 2.8-6.5 21.2 16.7 4.2-52 Sesarmidae Episesarma mederi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) 234 1.48 0.79 0.4-4 4.58 9.39 0.02-56 Sesarmidae Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) 8 2.78 0.48 1.9-3.6 18.6 9.16 10.93-40 Sesarmidae Episesarma chengtongense (Serene & Soh, 1967) 2 3.2 0.12 3.1-3.3 30 3.46 27-33 Sesarmidae Parasesarma plicatum (Latreille, 1806) 106 1.32 0.29 0.6-2 1.47 1.01 0.1-4.56 Sesarmidae Perisesarma eumolpe (De Man, 1895) 55 1.58 0.23 1-2.1 2.8 1.64 0.74-10.57 Varunidae Metaplax elegans (De Man, 1888) 16 1.25 0.31 0.6-2.2 1.12 1.23 0.2-5.61 Varunidae Metaplax dentipes (Heller, 1830) 1 1 0.46Acteophila Melampidae Cassidula aurisfelis (Brugulere, 1789) 12 1.61 0.24 1.2-2 0.58 0.27 0.1-1 Melampidae Cassidula aurisfelis (Brugulere, 1789) 21 1.46 0.19 1.1-1.9 0.55 0.17 0.3-0.9 Melampidae Cassidula nucleus (Gelin. 1791) 23 1.13 0.21 0.5-1.4 0.27 0.09 0.06-0.5 Melampidae Cassidula mustelina (Deshayes, 1830) 3 2.07 0.05 2-2.1 1.31 0.08 1.22-1.39Littorinimorpha Assimineidae Assiminea brevicula (Pfeiffer, 1854) 9 0.41 0.13 0.2-0.6 0.04 0.02 0.01-0.07Mesogastropoda Potamididae Cerithidae ci Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) 3 2.67 0.88 2.1-3.8 2.41 0.7 1.85-3.3 Potamididae Cerithidae quadrata (Sowerby, 1866) 77 3.02 0.44 2.2-3.8 1.83 0.59 0.9-3.82 Potamididae Cerithium coralium (Kiener, 1841) 6 3.3 0.18 3-3.5 2.24 0.37 1.8-2.87 Potamididae Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 6.7 23Neotaenioglossa Littorinidae Littoraria melanostoma (Gray, 1839) 3 1.8 0.15 1.7-2 0.61 0.02 0.6-0.64Onchidiacea Onchidiidae Onchidiidae sp. 8
4.94 1.36 3.23-6.45
Table 1. Distribution and number of species of the shellfish in mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University Pattani campus.
BA
Figure 1. A, Study area and B, the shellfish sampling in the mangrove area.
RESULTSThe shellfish were studied in the mangrove areas of the University, Pattani Campus during January - December 2011. The complete specimens of 631 items belonging to 24 different texa (Table. 1). Crabs were numerically the most important shellfish (73.69%, 465 items) in the class Malacostraca, followed by Mollusc (26.31%, 166 items) in the class Gastropoda. The specimens in the order level were classified in 6 orders, Decapoda was the highest (Fig. 2). In 11 families, family Sesarmidae was the highest (Fig. 3). A total of 24 different texa, 13 crab and 11 molluse species could be identified. Most numerous species was Episesarma mederi (average length 1.48 mm), followed by Parasesarma plicatum (average length 1.32 mm), Perisesarma eumolpe (1.58 mm), Metaplax elegans (1.25 mm) and Macrophthalmus latrellei (1.56 mm) in the crab group. In case of mollusc group, most numerous species was Cerithidae quadrata (average length 3.02 mm), followed by Cassidula nucleus (average length 1.13 mm) and Cassidula aurisfelis (1.46 mm) (Table 1). The results showed that, species was relatively small in general and the size of the caught shellfish varied between species. We found that there were many types of shellfish group outside the hole, such as Scylla serrata, Scylla tranquebaricus, Varuna yui, Uca urvillei and Paracleistostoma sp. in crab, Cerithidae cingulata, Ellobium aurismidae and Assiminea brevicula in snail and Elysia bangtawaensis in sea slug.
MATERIAL AND METHODSThe study concerns shellfish in the mangrove, which located on the coastal area beside the Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus (6o 53´ 27.61˝N, 101o 14´ 21.29˝E), near the Pattani Bay, Gulf of Thailand. Shellfish sampling were repeated in each of three sub-areas, by 1.0x1.0 meter hole digging 50 cm in depth (Fig. 1). The specimens were stored with 10% formalin in the laboratory. The species were identified after the field work had been finished. Where intact, they were measured and weighed.
INTRODUCTIONPattani coastal zone is a wetland which is abundant zone with two rivers flowing into Pattani Bay. The coastal ecosystems of Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus, is conductive to a variety of aquatic organisms, therefore it is important resource. The area is adjacent to Pattani Bay. Water borne sediments have been deposited into the muddy beach along the coast of Pattani estuary. Deposition of sediments resulted in the proliferation of new land along the coast. In 1977, there were two miles of the coastal area, staff of Prince of Songkla University began to plant mangroves in the vicinity of the beach sediments of the sludge. Now planted mangroves have occurred more than 100 acres composing of new creatures, especially shrimp, crabs and mollusc from the mangroves in the parking lot tractable. This study was aimed for biodiversity, composition and distribution of shellfish in the mangrove of university.
CONCLUSIONThis study did not report composition and distribution of shrimp because the sampling was to dig a hole during low tide or no flood in the area. The high number of species (family Sesarmidae in order Decapoda) is representative for the species richness of the area compared to the short list in temperate area as summarized in Naiyanetr (1998) and only family Assimineaidae in brackish mangrove, Samutprakarn province being consistent with this study (Sottiyothin and Kulabtong, 2011). Physical factors such as temperature, salinity and pH did not affect the distribution of the species. It should be integrated into the planning of the finding in this study at the university level with the relevant experts, to develop and manage the area properly and to reduce the impact on the other species in the forest.
G H I
FED
A B CA B
Figure 4. The mangrove shellfish: A, Episesarma mederi; B, Parasesarma plicatum; C, Perisesarma eumolpe; D, Metaplax elegans; E, Uca urvillei; F, Cerithidae quadrata; G, Littoraria melanostoma; H, Telescopium telescopium and I, Cassidula nucleus are distribution in the mangrove area of the University, Pattani campus.
Figure 2. Percentage of the order level distribu-tion of shellfish in the mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus.
Figure 3. Percentage of the family level distribu-tion of shellfish in the mangrove forest, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani campus.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELLFISH IN THE MANGROVE AREA AT PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY PATTANI CAMPUS
ABSTRACT
