Specialized Tractor for Replacement of Animal Power in ... · PDF file... 0.5L/hr to 0.8L/hr...
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Motivation Stakeholder Considerations Underlying Physics Guillermo F. Diaz Lankenau, Devarajan Ramanujan, Amos G. Winter ©Copyright, All Rights Reserved Contact: [email protected] Specialized Tractor for Replacement of Animal Power in Indian Farms Tire Path Overlap (a.k.a. soil reloading) Stakeholder Requirement/Suggestion Motivation Farmer Track width ≤ 3ft Spacing left between rows of common tall crops Top Speed: 14 to 18km/h Tractor is used for transportation. Haul comfort range: 10km Longer distances can be done with hired vehicle Fuel use: 0.5L/hr to 0.8L/hr Compete with small tractors Ground clearance > 6" Drive over vegetables Turn radius <7ft Maximum headland farmers accept PTO power > 8 to 10hp Drive external pumps and generators Cost under 130,000 Rs. Compete with Jugaad tractors and fine bullocks Dealer service period ≥250hrs Comparable to existing small tractors Major parts life > 3,500hrs 500 to 700 hrs/year for at least five years 150kg lift capacity Attach small implements, including local Field capacity > 2.5acres/day Acceptable daily productivity Trailer hitch height ~27" Compatible common trailers Non-critical tire pressure adjustment Farmers do not have convenient access to pumps Easy to use Farmer may hire laborer to operate tractor Government Engine <25hp PTO Qualify for small farming tractor subsidies Top Speed <40km/h Pull > 60% of weight Be rideable Have three wheels Road safety regulations less strict for three wheeled vehicles Emissions Controls Environment Protection Noise Controls Mahindra Use existing technology/components Lower development and manufacturing cost Comfortable tractor for driver Core Mahindra Values Aesthetically pleasing tractor Meet best performers in market Engineer to meet Benchmarks A) Mahindra Research Valley. B) Small and large farmers C) Jaitsar Tractor Development Center. D) Farmers, partners, manufacturers. E) Vigyan Ashram, farmers. F) Mahindra test site, farmers. G) Central Inst. of Ag. Eng. H) Central Mech. Eng.. Research Inst. I) Agricultural Engineering, IIT. J) Small Tractor Manufacturers. K) Mahindra Farm Marketing. Identified High Value System Designs Tractors reduce cost of farming and increase yields, giving the farmer higher profits [Indian Agricultural Ministry]. In 2014 India had 6 tractors for every 1000 agricultural workers and low farm productivity. USA, Germany, Canada, France, and many other nations with high agricultural productivity had more than one tractor per ag. worker [World Bank]. Indian farmers who use bullocks often have farming practices that are incompatible with tractors available in market. Small farmers realize tractors have lower ownership cost than bullocks but they cannot afford tractor initial cost. Indian farmers are willing to adopt innovations that meet their needs, as seen by multiple instances of local success from “Jugaad” tractors that aim to replace bullocks. Computer Modelling Motivation Select Outputs Stakeholders Visited Sinkage and Traction Calculation Free Body Diagram (actually in 3D) 3D Model for Visual Evaluation Weight Distribution Study Tire Diameter Study W. Casady, Missouri University Extension Smith and Grisso, Conservation Tillage, 9:79-81. 1990 Coming Soon!
Transcript of Specialized Tractor for Replacement of Animal Power in ... · PDF file... 0.5L/hr to 0.8L/hr...
Motivation Stakeholder Considerations
Underlying Physics
Guillermo F. Diaz Lankenau, Devarajan Ramanujan, Amos G. Winter
©Copyright, All Rights Reserved Contact: [email protected]
Specialized Tractor for Replacement of Animal Power
in Indian Farms
Tire Path Overlap (a.k.a. soil reloading)
Stakeholder Requirement/Suggestion Motivation
Farmer
Track width ≤ 3ft Spacing left between rows of common tall crops
Top Speed: 14 to 18km/h Tractor is used for transportation.
Haul comfort range: 10km Longer distances can be done with hired vehicle
Fuel use: 0.5L/hr to 0.8L/hr Compete with small tractors
Ground clearance > 6" Drive over vegetables
Turn radius <7ft Maximum headland farmers accept
PTO power > 8 to 10hp Drive external pumps and generators
Cost under 130,000 Rs. Compete with Jugaad tractors and fine bullocks
Dealer service period ≥250hrs Comparable to existing small tractors
Major parts life > 3,500hrs 500 to 700 hrs/year for at least five years
150kg lift capacity Attach small implements, including local
Field capacity > 2.5acres/day Acceptable daily productivity
Trailer hitch height ~27" Compatible common trailers
Non-critical tire pressure
adjustment Farmers do not have convenient access to pumps
Easy to use Farmer may hire laborer to operate tractor
Government
Engine <25hp PTO
Qualify for small farming tractor subsidiesTop Speed <40km/h
Pull > 60% of weight
Be rideable
Have three wheels Road safety regulations less strict for three wheeled vehicles
Emissions ControlsEnvironment Protection
Noise Controls
Mahindra
Use existing
technology/components Lower development and manufacturing cost
Comfortable tractor for driverCore Mahindra Values
Aesthetically pleasing tractor
Meet best performers in market Engineer to meet Benchmarks
A) Mahindra Research Valley. B) Small and large farmersC) Jaitsar Tractor Development Center. D) Farmers, partners, manufacturers. E) Vigyan Ashram, farmers. F) Mahindra test site, farmers. G) Central Inst. of Ag. Eng.H) Central Mech. Eng.. Research Inst.I) Agricultural Engineering, IIT. J) Small Tractor Manufacturers.K) Mahindra Farm Marketing.
Identified High Value System Designs
Tractors reduce cost of farming and increase yields, giving the farmer higher
profits [Indian Agricultural Ministry].
In 2014 India had 6 tractors for every 1000 agricultural workers and low farm
productivity. USA, Germany, Canada, France, and many other nations with
high agricultural productivity had more than one tractor per ag. worker
[World Bank].
Indian farmers who use bullocks often have farming practices that are
incompatible with tractors available in market.
Small farmers realize tractors have lower ownership cost than bullocks but
they cannot afford tractor initial cost.
Indian farmers are willing to adopt innovations that meet their needs, as seen
by multiple instances of local success from “Jugaad” tractors that aim to
replace bullocks.
Computer Modelling
Motivation
Select Outputs
• Front tire improves ground conditions
for rear tire
• Potential for personal transportation
• Farmers and local mechanics familiar
with motorcycles
• High maneuverability
• Can place tool longitudinally between
wheels, this is safer than a trailing tool
while still increasing traction.
Two Inline Drive Wheel Benefits Single Drive Wheel Module BenefitsShared Benefits
• High modularity system allows farmer to
only buy capabilities he/she needs.
• Torque created near drive wheel.
Transferring torque increases cost of
tractor gearboxes and chassis.
• All mass placed directly on drive wheel,
increasing tractive efficiency.
• Allows configurations that successfully
replaced draft horses in North America
• Potential for low sale price.
• Narrow width similar to
bullock, gives bullock owner
continuity in farming practices.
• Low ground pressure.
• Weight of farmer is significant
part of total. Thus allowing
farmer to affect weight
distribution by shifting body.
Stakeholders Visited
Sinkage and Traction Calculation
Free Body Diagram (actually in 3D)
3D Model for Visual Evaluation
Weight Distribution Study
Tire Diameter Study
W. Casady, Missouri University Extension Smith and Grisso, Conservation Tillage, 9:79-81. 1990
Coming Soon!
