Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding...
Transcript of Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding...
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The Language of Anatomy
▪Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding▪Exact terms are used for:▪ Position▪ Direction▪ Regions▪ Structures
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The Language of Anatomy
▪Anatomical position▪ Standard body position used to avoid confusion▪ Terminology refers to this position regardless of actual
body position▪ Stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the
sides with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
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CORRECT anatomical position INCORRECT anatomical position
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Directional Terms
▪Explain location of one body structure in relation to another▪Usually written together with the opposing direction
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Directional Terms
▪Superior (cranial): toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above ▪ Example: The heart is superior to the stomach
▪ Inferior (caudal): away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below▪ Example: The knee is inferior to the femur
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Directional Terms
▪Anterior (ventral): toward or at the front of the body; in front of▪ Example: The heart is anterior to the spine
▪Posterior (dorsal): toward or at the backside of the body; behind▪ Example: The esophagus is posterior to the tongue
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Directional Terms
▪Medial: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of▪ Example: the big toe is medial to the pinky toe▪ Example: the pinky finger is medial to the thumb
(Tricky!)
▪Lateral: away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of▪ Example: The shoulder is lateral to the sternum
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Directional Terms
▪Proximal: close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk▪ Example: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
▪Distal: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk▪ Example: the ankle is distal to the knee
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Directional Terms
▪Superficial: toward or at the body surface▪ Example: The skin is superficial to the muscles
▪Deep: away from the body surface; more internal▪ Example: The lungs are deep to the ribcage
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Body Planes and Sections
▪Sections are cut along imaginary lines known as planes.▪Three types of planes or sections exist as right angles to one another.
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Body Planes and Sections
▪Sagittal plane▪ Divides the body (or organ) into
left and right parts▪ A midsagittal plane divides
the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts
(a) Median (midsagittal)
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Body Planes and Sections
▪Frontal or coronal plane▪ Divides the body (or organ) into
anterior and posterior parts
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Body Planes and Sections
▪Transverse plane ▪ Divides the body (or organ)
into superior and inferior parts