Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the Caribbean – Natural and Man Made...
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Transcript of Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the Caribbean – Natural and Man Made...
Special Security Concerns of the Small Island States of the
Caribbean – Natural and Man Made Disasters
Elizabeth RileyDeputy Executive Director
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency
Via videoconferenceApril 22, 2013
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Presentation Overview
CDEMA Non-Traditional Security issues
in Caribbean SIDS CARICOM Regional Crime and
Security Strategy Actions Taken Way Forward
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What is CDEMA? Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management
Agency (CDEMA - formally CDERA) is the regional inter-governmental Agency responsible for disaster management in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
CDERA established in 1991 by an Agreement of Heads of Government of CARICOM
September 1, 2009 – official date of transition from CDERA to CDEMA
18 Participating States – Haiti and Suriname joined September 1, 2009
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CDEMA Participating StatesCDEMA Participating States
Special Security Considerations of Caribbean SIDS -
Definitions
Environmental Security –
Those environmental problems or challenges which may create or add instability in a geopolitical
region
Caribbean Context Environmental security non-traditional
but not new in the Caribbean A component of the larger regional
security challenge – lessons to be learnt Vulnerability of small states of the
Caribbean Variations in magnitude and timeframe
Security areas addressed
Instability caused by Natural systems Man made interventions
Accidental Intentional
Instability potentially caused by natural systems Natural Hazards
Caribbean region is very prone to natural (and man-made) hazards
Implications of Climate variability & change Amplification of hydro meteorological hazards
–intensity & extremes Amplification of vulnerability – economic,
social and environmental Uncertainty …
Natural Hazards of Concern in the Caribbean Level
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Instability – potentially through Man-made
interventions
Accidental Oil spills Hazard materials eg. Nuclear
transshipments
Instability – Potentially through Man-made
interventions
Intentional Acts of Terror
Biological weapons Chemical agents Use of explosive devices
2011-2012 EVENTS IN CDEMA PS
Drought Aircraft crashes Landslides Volcanic Eruption Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Earthquake Fires Tsunami (scare)
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Selected Hazard Impacts in the CaribbeanTIMETIME PLACEPLACE DISASTERDISASTER IMPACTIMPACT19881988 JamaicaJamaica Hurricane Hurricane
GilbertGilbert65% GDP65% GDP
19891989 5 5 countriescountries
Hurricane Hurricane HugoHugo
US$412 MUS$412 M
19991999 DominicaDominica Hurricane Hurricane LennyLenny
53% GDP53% GDP
20042004 Haiti & DRHaiti & DR FloodingFlooding 270 deaths270 deaths
20042004 GrenadaGrenada Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan US$895 MUS$895 M
20042004 JamaicaJamaica Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan US$592 MUS$592 M
20052005 GuyanaGuyana FloodingFlooding 60% GDP60% GDP
20102010 Saint Saint LuciaLucia
Hurricane Hurricane TomasTomas
334M US$334M US$
Various sources: Collated by CDEMA
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Hazard Impacts – Ivan 2004
CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy
Adopted at the 24th Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM, Haiti, February 2013
Goal – “To significantly improve citizen security by creating a safe, just and free Community and improving the economic viability of the Region”
CARICOM Crime and Security Strategy
Natural Disasters Categorized as Tier 2 Substantial Threats: These are both
likely and high-impact Strategic Goal 13: Improve Resilience
to Natural and Man-Made Disasters Strategic Goal 14: Promote Resilient
Critical Infrastructure Management and Safety at Major Events
Special Security Considerations of Caribbean SIDS -
Characteristics
Environmental security – transnational in character
Several actors operating at national, regional and international levels
Roles and functions to be managed in a comprehensive manner
(Fergusson 2001)
Requirements to address these challenges …
Multi agency approach Incorporation of non-traditional
actors Additional capacity Complex information sharing and
communication landscape
Implications for consequence management
Issues examined in relation to disaster management Threat assessment Alert monitoring Strategic Approaches
Harmonizing existing structures Application of technology to support decision
making Management and organizational structures Link to the CDM
CDM in ContextCDM in Context
Global and Regional Agendas:
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
CARICOM Regional Programming Framework 2005 – 2015
Caribbean Single Market and Economy
St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States)
04/21/23 20
Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) – A space for
engagement
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CDM Governance Structure
CDEMA Executive Director
CDEMA Executive Director
CouncilCouncil
TACTAC
CDM Strategy SummaryCDM Strategy Summary
Goal Regional Sustainable Development enhanced through Comprehensive Disaster Management
Purpose To strengthen regional, national and community
level capacity for the mitigation, management and coordinated response to natural and
anthropological hazards, and the effects of climate change
04/21/23 23
CDM Strategy and Results CDM Strategy and Results FrameworkFramework
GOAL Regional Sustainable Development through CDM
PURPOSE ‘To strengthen regional, national and community level capacity for mitigation,
management, and coordinated response to natural and technological hazards, and the effects of climate change.
OUTCOME 1: Enhanced institutional support for CDM Program implementation at national and regional levels
OUTCOME 2: An effective mechanism and programme for management of comprehensive disaster management knowledge has been established
OUTCOME 3: Disaster Risk Management has been mainstreamed at national levels and incorporated into key sectors of national economies
OUTCOME 4: Enhanced community resilience in CDEMA states/ territories to mitigate and respond to the adverse effects of climate change and disasters
04/21/23 24
CDEMA ActionsCDEMA Actions
Country Focused ProgrammingCountry Focused Programming Deeper understanding of national contextDeeper understanding of national context
Priority needs identification driving supportPriority needs identification driving support
Creating an Enabling Environment for CDM Creating an Enabling Environment for CDM ImplementationImplementation CDM Legislation, Policy, StrategyCDM Legislation, Policy, Strategy
Model Tools and ProductsModel Tools and Products
04/21/23 25
CDEMA ActionsCDEMA Actions
Operational ReadinessOperational Readiness
Regional Response Mechanism – Plan Development, Regional Response Mechanism – Plan Development, review and exercising review and exercising
Role of Sub-Regional Focal PointsRole of Sub-Regional Focal Points
Strategic Alliances and PartnershipsStrategic Alliances and Partnerships
MOU’s with CARICOM IMPACS and Regional Security MOU’s with CARICOM IMPACS and Regional Security SystemSystem
Capture value added of competitive nichesCapture value added of competitive niches
GovernanceGovernance
Monitoring, Evaluation and ReportingMonitoring, Evaluation and Reporting04/21/23 26
Areas for consideration Overarching Context of Resilience is key
Governance Arrangements to effect this Consolidation and strengthening of existing
Mechanisms Engagement of non-traditional development
actors – South-South Cooperation Inter-regional Partnerships (CEPREDENAC;
CAPADRE; MERCOSUR) Hemispheric Humanitarian Initiatives Sharing of lessons