Redox Reactions Redox=reduction-oxidation Redox Reactions=reduction- oxidation reactions.
Special Reactions
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Transcript of Special Reactions
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Special Reactions
Remember these!!!
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Acid-Base (Neutralization)
• When an acid is mixed with a base, a salt and water are formed.
HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaNO3 (aq) + HOH (l)
acid base ionicsalt
water
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Nonmetal Oxides in Water
• A nonmetal oxide is known as an acid anhydride. When mixed with water, it forms an acid. (This is the cause of acid rain.)
SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)
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Metal Oxides in Water
• If a metal oxide, also called a base anhydride, is mixed with water, a base is formed.
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq)
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Combustion
• Combustion of substances containing carbon will form carbon dioxide gas.
2 CO(g) + O2(g) 2 CO2(g)
• Combustion of substances containing carbon and hydrogen will form carbon dioxide and water.
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
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Incomplete Combustion
• If not enough oxygen is present when burning a hydrocarbon, the result is the formation of carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
2 CH4(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO(g) + 4 H2O(g)
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Chlorates
• When heated, chlorates will decompose into their respective chloride salts and oxygen gas.
2 KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
Mg(ClO3)2 (s) MgCl2(s) + 3 O2(g)
2 Al(ClO3)3(s) 2 AlCl3(s) + 9 O2(g)
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Carbonates
• Carbonates will often decompose into the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
K2CO3(s) K2O(s) + CO2(g)
MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g)
Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3 CO2(g)
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Carbonic Acid
•Carbonic acid, H2CO3, will spontaneously decompose into carbon dioxide and water.
H2CO3(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l)
If carbonic acid is a product of a reaction, it will decompose. One should NEVER have carbonic acid as a final product!
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Carbonates and acids
• When a carbonate is mixed with an acid, carbonic acid is usually a product. Recall that carbonic acid spontaneously decomposes into carbon dioxide and water!
• 2 HCl (aq) + MgCO3(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2CO3 (aq)
2 HCl (aq) + MgCO3 (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
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Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation and Reduction (Redox)(Redox)
• Electrons are transferred
11
2
00
22
ClNaClNa
Each sodium atom loses one electron:
eNaNa10
Each chlorine atom gains one electron:
10 CleCl
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How do you know if itHow do you know if it’’s s Oxidation or Reduction?Oxidation or Reduction?
GGainain EElectronslectrons = = RReductioneduction
An old memory device for An old memory device for oxidation and reduction goes oxidation and reduction goes like this…like this…
LEOLEO says says GERGER
LLoseose EElectronslectrons = = OOxidationxidation
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LEO says GER :LEO says GER :
eNaNa10
Lose Electrons = Oxidation
Sodium is oxidized
Gain Electrons = Reduction
10 CleCl Chlorine is reduced
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Reducing Agents and Oxidizing Reducing Agents and Oxidizing AgentsAgents
The substance reduced is the oxidizing agent The substance oxidized is the reducing agent
eNaNa10
10 CleCl
Sodium is oxidized – it is the reducing agent
Chlorine is reduced – it is the oxidizing agent