SPECIAL PROJECTS - philrice.gov.ph€¦ ·

Special Projects

SPECIAL PROJECTS

Special Projects

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Special Projects Page

I. Pyramiding and Submergence Tolerance in High Yielding Rice Varieties

1

II. The Deployment and Validation of High Beta-Carotene Rice Varieties in the Philippines and Bangladesh to Combat Vitamin A Deficiency

4

III. Development of Philippine Rice Cultivars with Elevated Levels of the Provitamin A Betacarotene (Golden Rice 2) and Resistance to Tungro and Bacterial Blight through Marker-Assisted Breeding

8

IV. Pilot testing the Feasibility of Weather Index-Based Crop Insurance

10

V. Reduced Tillage Technology and PalayCheck System in Irrigated Rice Production for Increased Productivity and Income in Agrarian Reform Communities

16

VI. Season-Long Rice Farming Training Program for Extension Agronomists

18

Abbreviations and acronymns 22

List of Tables 24

List of Figures 25

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I. Pyramiding and Submergence Tolerance in High Yielding Rice VarietiesPrincipal Investigator: NV Desamero

Promotion of Saline Tolerant Varieties in Ilocos Sur

Techno-demo of saline tolerant varieties cum PVS

The out-scaling of the variety promotion in salt-affected areas in Ilocos Sur started with baseline survey through focus group discussion with key informants (Photo 4) in coordination with the local government units in 2011 WS. This activity was implemented in collaboration with PhilRice Batac. Pilot sites identified and validated for variety techno-demo cum PVS are Sta. Maria and Sta. Catalina in Ilocos Sur.

PhilRice Batac, in coordination with partner agencies, the Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College (ISPSC) and the Local Government Units of Sta. Maria and Sta. Catalina, led the establishment of techno-demo trials of PhilRice and IRRI-bred varieties for saline areas in 2013 WS in three sites in Ilocos Sur.

Field performance of the 10 varieties released in 2009 to 2013 for saline-prone areas of the Philippines, including one elite line and a popular irrigated lowland variety, PSB Rc82, were demonstrated. The variety PSB Rc82 was reported salt tolerant by the farmers in the trial sites, hence, it was used as the check variety in the demos.

Comparative grain yields of test varieties

Field performance of the test varieties measured in terms of grain yield under salinity stress varied with genotype or variety and techno-demo site. Varieties which performed better than the farmers’ variety were identified in each demo site. (Table 1)

Among the techno-demo sites, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur was observed to have the highest salinity level with electrical conductivity (EC) reading ranging from 5.14 to 11 dS/m, from transplanting to 21 days after transplanting (DAT). The plants were also exposed to complete submergence for 1 to 2 days twice at 4 DAT and 20 DAT. Despite these conditions, the test varieties yielded from 3.7t/ha to 7.3t/ha, with 4.5 t/ha average. Salinas 2 was the highest yielder in Sta. Maria site, followed by Salinas 18 with 4.7t/ha yield. The baseline yield in the site is a maximum of 1.0t/ha.

Rice R&D Highlights 20132

The test varieties in Sta. Catalina, Ilocos Sur, at Site 1, were exposed to combined salinity and drought stress at flowering to maturity stage, resulting in relatively lower yields compared with those established in site 2. The yield ranged from 1.7t/ha to 3.8t/ha, with an average of 2.5t/ha. The highest yielder in Site 1 was Salinas 11, followed by Salinas 14 with 3.3 t/ha yield, compared with the baseline yield of 2.5t/ha. In Site 2, where drought was prevented with seepage from adjacent fishponds and pond water available throughout the growing period, the yield ranged from 1.8t/ha to 3.6 t/ha, with 2.7t/ha average. Salinas 14 yielded the highest, followed by Salinas 6 yielding 3.3t/ha.

In terms of yield advantage (Table 2), four (50%) varieties, viz., Sallinas 11, 14, 18 and the elite line, out-yielded the farmers’ or check variety, PSB Rc82, by 7% to 57% in Site 1. In Site 2, 6 of 7 (86%) varieties had a yield advantage, ranging from 14% to 64% over PSB Rc82.

Most preferred varieties

As part of the PVS strategy, a farm walk was conducted in Sta. Maria site participated by farmers from adjacent barangay of Suso, farmer-leaders and AEWs from San Vicente, Santa, Narvacan, San Esteban, Santiago, Candon City and Tagudin; the Provincial Agriculturist of Ilocos Sur, and BS Agriculture students of ISPSC-Sta. Maria. A total of 22 participants cast their votes for most and least preferred varieties evaluated on-site.

Salinas 2 and 18 were the most preferred varieties owing to their good tillering ability and long panicles. On the other hand, the least preferred were Salinas 6 and 14 because of their short panicles, short stature and susceptibility to blast.

Impact of techno-demo

The techno-demo, as a promotion strategy, updates the farmers of what varieties are available and suited in their fields. It also aides in the identification of the most adapted and acceptable variety in the target areas and farmer clients, guiding the extension workers as to what variety has to be disseminated in a particular target area. Furthermore, feedbacks from the farmers and extension workers as to the performance and acceptance of certain varieties help the plant breeders enhance their breeding targets.

It should be noted also that to maximize the potential of a variety, a matching package of technology or technology options for enhanced rice cultivation and sustained production in salt-stressed areas should be developed, evaluated, adapted and promoted as well.

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Table 1. Comparative grain yield (t/ha) of test and check varieties across three salt-affected techno-demo sites in Ilocos Sur, Philippines, PhilRice Batac, 2013 WS.

No.

Variety/(Commercial Name Pedigree Sta. Maria

Sta. Catalina

Average

Site 1 Site 2

1 NSIC Rc182 (Salinas 1) (check variety)*

IR63307-4B-4-3 * 2.4 * 2.4

2 NSIC Rc184 (Salinas 2) *** PR26016-16-B-B-B 7.3 *** *** 7.3 3 NSIC Rc190 (Salinas 5) *** PR25997-B-B-B 4.4 *** *** 4.4 4 NSIC Rc290 (Salinas 6) PR28377-AC97-54 3.7 2.1 3.3 3.0 5 NSIC 2013 Rc324 (Salinas 10) PR31607-2-B-B-B-B* 4.5 1.7 - 3.1 6 NSIC 2013 Rc326 (Salinas 11) IR84084-B-B-1-1 4.2 3.8 2.9 3.6 7 NSIC 2013 Rc332 (Salinas 14) PR38566-WAGWAGV9-

3-AC2-15-2 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.6

8 NSIC 2013 Rc334 (Salinas 15) IR83410-6-B-4-1-1-2 4.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 9 NSIC 2013 Rc338 (Salinas 17) PR30665-1B-1-B-B-Cg 3.9 1.8 2.8 2.9

10 NSIC 2013 Rc340 (Salinas 18) IR84096-AJY4-2-SD04-B 4.7 2.6 1.8 3.0 11 Elite line IR84095-AJY3-8-SD01-B 4.7 2.6 2.8 3.4 12 PSB Rc82 (check variety)** IR64683-87-2-2-3-3 ** 2.5 2.2 2.3

Minimum 3.7 1.7 1.8 Maximum 7.3 3.8 3.6 Mean 4.5 2.5 2.7

* not enough seedlings to complete the three sites **harvested by the farmer-cooperator’s worker in Sta. Maria ***not included in the setup for two sites

Table 2. Yield advantage (%) of test varieties over the check variety, PSB Rc82, evaluated in the salt-affected areas in Brgy. Cabittaogan, Sta. Catalina, IIocos Sur, Philippines, PhilRice Batac, 2013 WS.

No. Variety/Commercial Name Pedigree

Techno-demo Site Site 1 Site 2

Check yield= 2.5 t/ha

Check yield= 2.2 t/ha

1. Elite line IR84095-AJY3-8-SD01-B 7 27 2. NSIC 2013 Rc326 (Salinas 11) IR84084-B-B-1-1 57 32 3. NSIC 2013 Rc334 (Salinas 15) IR83410-6-B-4-1-1-2 -8 14 4. NSIC 2013 Rc340 (Salinas 18) IR84096-AJY4-2-SD04-B 8 -18 5. NSIC 2013 Rc332 (Salinas 14) PR38566-WAGWAG V9-3-2-

15-2 37 64

6. NSIC 2013 Rc338 (Salinas 17) PR30665-1B-1-B-B-Cg -24 27 7. NSIC Rc290 (Salinas 6) PR28377-AC97-54 -14 50 8. NSIC 2013 Rc324 (Salinas 10) PR31607-2-B-B-B-B -30


II. The Deployment and Validation of High Beta-Carotene Rice Varieties in the Philippines and Bangladesh to Combat Vitamin A DeficiencyAA Alfonso, DA Tabanao, ES Nazareno, EO Espejo, ES Avellanoza, RT Miranda, M C Espina, RF Diocton, N A Baliuag, A Y Alibuyog, MU Tabil, S V Pojas, MV Romero, NC Ramos, ST Gonzales Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem that affects an estimated 190 million children and 19 million pregnant women globally . It impairs the immune system, which increases the risk of death from certain common infections among young children and also the leading cause of blindness among children. Globally, approximately 670,000 children die every year because they are vitamin A-deficient , and another 350,000 go blind . In the Philippines, VAD is still a public health problem among pre-school children (15.2% prevalence) and among pregnant (9.5% prevalence) and lactating women (6.4% prevalence) .

Golden Rice (GR), a genetically-modified rice with beta carotene, can be particularly effective in reducing VAD in countries such as the Philippines, where rice consumption is high, assuming it will be efficacious and acceptable to those most in need. In 2005, new Golden Rice materials (GR2) produced by Syngenta were donated by the company for use by the Golden Rice Network. These materials were then transferred to IRRI for introgression to important rice varieties. The introgressed lines were tested under contained (screenhouse) and confined field tests in IRRI and PhilRice under conditions approved by the National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP).

In 2012, two seasons of Multi-Location Field Trials (MLT) using nine advanced lines of IR64-GR2R were completed under the purview of the Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Plant Industry (DA-BPI). The objectives of the trials were to evaluate the agronomic and product performance in different growing environments, assess environmental biosafety, and produce grains of Golden Rice for various tests required to complete the data requirements set by the national government. In 2013, another season of MLT and seed increase for grain production was completed. It was observed that Entry 3 had the most consistent performance of all entries, in three seasons, across sites. Other phenotypic traits and yield is comparable to the IR64 wild type.

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Multi-Location Field Trials of Beta Carotene-Enriched ‘Golden Rice’ Event GR2-R in the Philippines (Third Season)

From May to October 2013, the third season of MLT was conducted in four sites, namely: (1) Bicol Experiment Station (BEST) of the Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Unit 5 (DA-RFU 5) in Pili, Camarines Sur; (2) Orfanel Farm in Brgy. Caraycayon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur; (3) PhilRice-Central Experiment Station (PhilRice-CES) in Brgy. Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija; and (4) PhilRice-Isabela Station in Barangay Malasin, San Mateo, Isabela. Only 3 sites completed the third season MLT because Pili was vandalized last August 8, 2013. No data was gathered yet in Pili because the crop was at its booting stage during the destruction.

Highlights:• All introgressed lines had similar days of maturity and days to

flowering with IR64 except for Entry 4 in San Mateo which had delayed flowering but had the same maturity.

• None of the entries had a comparable yield to IR64 wild type except for Entry 3 unlike in the past two seasons.

• Entries 7, 8, and 9 had lower spikelet fertility but Entry 3 had higher spikelet fertility compared to IR64 that resulted to comparable yield.

• Total carotenoid (TC) content (µg/g) of the nine IR64-GR2R lines which ranged from 4.45 to 7.84ug/g, were significantly different from the TC content of IR64 wild type at 0.03-0.91 ug/g. Entry 6 had the highest TC at 6.64ug/g, followed by Entries 4, 3, 5, 2, 1, 9, 7, and 8.

• Beta-carotene (BC) content was also obtained during the third season (Table 4). In all sites, BC was approximately 80% of the TC of the introgressed lines.

Seed Increase for Grain Production

The bio-efficacy trial will require three tons of Golden Rice grains. This quantity will be produced in a 1.5-hectare farm in PhilRice-Batac Station, Tabug, Batac City, Ilocos Norte. To produce grains for this study, seed increase was conducted. Entry 2 and 3 were seed increased during the third season in PhilRice-Batac site to produce the required seeds. Entry 2 yielded 106.2kg of seeds, while Entry 3 had 124.1kg. All procedures, processes, and safeguards set in place during the MLT were also followed during the activity. The harvested Golden Rice grains were stored in a secured storage area


inside the PhilRice-Batac Station. The seeds will only be planted for the grain production after approval by DA-BPI.

Line Improvement of PSB Rc82 and IR64 GR2R

Advance lines of PSB Rc82 from IRRI and PhilRice screenhouses were brought to the field for further backcrossing. Selected lines of IR64 from MLT (entries 2, 3, and 6) were also improved through backcrossing to recover genes from recurrent parents. The breeding was conducted in two of the MLT sites: (1) PhilRice-Central Experiment Station (PhilRice-CES) in Brgy. Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija and (2) PhilRice-Isabela Station in Barangay Malasin, San Mateo, Isabela.

Highlights:• There were 51 and 45 cross combinations produced from PSB

Rc82xPSB Rc82 GR2-R and IR64x IR64 GR2R, respectively.

• Of 51 cross combinations produced from PSB Rc82xPSB Rc82 GR2-R, 25 cross combinations were selected for further backcrossing in IRRI

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Table 3. List of IR64-GR2R entries used in the third season MLT.Entry Number

Line Designation

1 GR2-RXIR64-B3F7-148-10-10-10-19 2 GR2-RXIR64-B3F7-148-10-10-10-12 3 GR2-RXIR64-B3F7-148-10-10-10-59 4 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-10-16-11-36 5 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-19-4-20-11 6 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-19-9-13-32 7 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-28-6-3-3 8 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-28-6-3-7 9 IR64XGR2-R-B3F7-239-28-6-3-55

Table 4.Beta-carotene (BC) content of the nine ILs during MLT 3, relative to TC content.

Entry Code Line Designation

Tigaon Muñoz San Mateo

TC ug/g

BC ug/g

BC/ TC

TC ug/g

BC ug/g

BC/ TC

TC ug/g

BC ug/g

BC/ TC

Entry 1 GR2-RXIR64-B3F5-148-10-10-10-19 5.78 4.87 0.84 5.18 4.61 0.89 4.77 3.76 0.79 Entry 2 GR2-RXIR64-B3F5-148-10-10-10-12 6.21 5.21 0.84 5.10 4.09 0.80 4.50 3.52 0.78 Entry 3 GR2-RXIR64-B3F5-148-10-10-10-59 7.51 6.08 0.81 5.26 4.33 0.82 4.75 3.79 0.80 Entry 4 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-10-16-11-36 7.04 5.63 0.80 5.60 4.53 0.81 5.82 4.53 0.78 Entry 5 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-19-4-20-11 7.09 5.44 0.77 5.55 4.12 0.74 4.71 3.76 0.80 Entry 6 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-19-9-13-32 7.65 6.16 0.81 5.81 4.78 0.82 6.46 5.50 0.85 Entry 7 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-28-6-3-3 5.39 3.78 0.70 4.53 3.50 0.77 4.69 3.76 0.80 Entry 8 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-28-6-3-7 5.33 3.90 0.73 4.48 3.62 0.81 4.56 3.74 0.82 Entry 9 IR64XGR2-R-B3F5-239-28-6-3-55 5.56 4.23 0.76 4.49 3.60 0.80 4.73 3.84 0.81 Entry 10 IR64 0.45 0.07 0.15 0.64 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.07 0.60 Entry 11 IR64 0.80 0.04 0.05 0.23 0.04 0.19 0.22 0.06 0.27


III. Development of Philippine Rice Cultivars with Elevated Levels of the Provitamin A Betacarotene (Golden Rice 2) and Resistance to Tungro and Bacterial Blight through Marker-Assisted BreedingAA Alfonso, RT Miranda, EO Espejo, ES Avellanoza, KJB Panaligan, and CFS Te

Golden Rice (GR), which contains elevated levels of the Provitamin A betacarotene in the grains, was developed about a decade ago through biochemical engineering of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. It is eyed as an additional food-based strategy to combat the pervasive and persistent problem of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) especially in most rice-eating countries. VAD can damage the immune system and decrease the body’s ability to resist or fight infections thereby increasing the risk of mortality from common diseases, especially among women and young children. It may also result in impaired vision, including night blindness and permanent blindness. In the Philippines, about four out of ten children aged six months to five years and three out of every ten school-aged children have VAD. In addition, one out of every five pregnant and one out of every five lactating mothers have VAD. VAD continues to adversely affect many people despite nutrition interventions such as vitamin A fortification and supplementation programs that seek to provide adequate vitamin A to those at risk. Further research has elevated the amount of vitamin A to a meaningful level (up to 36 µg/g) and preliminary results indicated high conversion rate (4:1) of betacarotene from GR into retinol. The Golden Rice donor is a US commercial variety that grows poorly under Philippine condition. This project aims to develop Golden Rice adapted under Philippine condition and with durable resistance to tungro and bacterial, two very devastating rice diseases in the country. This nutrient-enhanced and disease-resistant rice will supply betacarotene to consumers and its excellent agronomic traits will increase its adoption by the farmers.

Highlights:• One pure-yellow BC1F4 from the cross of PR37171-1-1-

1-2-2-1-1 x IR64-GR2-R (Line 27 x AO4) with tungro and bacterial blight resistance was identified. Fifteen individual BC1F5 progenies of this plant were identified to have pure-yellow grains and resistant to rice tungro virus and race 6 of bacterial blight (lesion length ranging from 0.1 cm to 2.73 cm. compared to 14.9 cm in the susceptible parent).

• 15 BC1F6 plants were confirmed to have resistance to tungro and bacterial blight (using race 3 and 6, with lesion length of 0.1-2.5 cm.

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• The pure-yellow BC1F4 plant with resistance to tungro and bacterial blight was crossed to four high yielding varieties (NSIC Rc222, NSIC Rc216, NSIC Rc238 and NSIC Rc240) during 2013 dry season.

• Selected F1 plants from the above cross were backcrossed to their respective parents during 2013 wet season.

• 90 other BC1F4 plants with resistance to tungro and bacterial blight were identified and selected during dry season. During wet season, 21 plants with intermediate reaction to tungro and resistant to bacterial blight were identified.

• 36 F3 plants from IR78581-12-3-2-2 (DUST 10) x AO4 with GR2R gene and putative tungro resistance from the initial tungro screening were identified and selected.

• The following materials were advanced to the next generation:- 45 BC2F1 from IR64-GR2-R (AO4) x PR37171-1-1-1-2-

2-1-1 (LINE 27)- 44 BC2F1 from IR78581-12-3-2-2 (DUST 10)-44 x IR64-

GR2-R (AO4)- 44 BC1F1 from DUST 10 x IR64-GR2-R (AO4)- 32 F1 plants from three way cross of [IR64-GR2-R (AO4)

x (Matatag 1 x IRBB62)]

• 21 intermediate BC1F6 plants of PR37171-1-1-1-2-2-1-1 x IR64-GR2-R (Line 27 x AO4) from tungro screening. All were evaluated using race 3 and race 6 and identified to have a high resistance reaction with lesion length ranging from 0.1 to 2.5cm.


IV. Pilot testing the Feasibility of Weather Index-Based Crop InsuranceProject Leader: EJP Quilang

The Department of Agriculture (DA) implemented the Philippine Climate Change Adaptation Project (PhilCCAP Phase 1), a pilot project funded by the World Bank which aims to develop and demonstrate approaches that will enable targeted communities to adapt to the potential impacts of climate variability and change. This will be achieved by strengthening existing institutional framework for climate change adaptation and by demonstrating cost-effective adaptation strategies in agriculture and natural resources management.

The PhilCCAP comprises four (4) components, in which Subcomponent 2.3: Pilot-testing the Feasibility of Weather Index-based Crop Insurance (WIBCI) will be implemented by the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC) in partnership with the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). PhilRice will be conducting on-site and off-site experiments on rice and corn for the enhancement of the PCIC-ILO developed weather index-based crop insurance.

The main purpose of the study is to design a weather index-based crop insurance (WIBCI) contract that effectively captures the relationship between the weather variable and the potential crop losses and to select the index that is most effective in providing pay-outs when losses are experienced, eliminating basis risk as far as possible. Specifically, 1) to develop and incorporate the geographic insurance units (GIUs) in the design of WIBCI products, and 2) optimize the weather indices developed by PCIC-ILO that accurately captures the losses faced by farmers and make it applicable in Iloilo in Region 6 and Peñablanca and Tuguegarao in Region 2.

Adjustment of Weather Indices

In March to May 2013, Engrs. Juanito M. Maloom and Elmer D. Alosnos visited the pilot sites in Tuguegarao City and Peñablanca, Cagayan and Dumangas, Iloilo to gather relevant data for WIBCI.

In July 2013, farmer-cooperators were identified and their farms’ locations were validated for the conduct and establishment of the on-site experiments. The data gathered from the on-site experimental field will be used for running crop models to derive quantitative relationships between weather and crop yield, and will then be the bases for the adjustment of weather indices.

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There are four (4) pilot sites in Dumangas, Iloilo, three (3) sites in Tuguegarao City, and four (4) sites in Peñablanca, Cagayan. Thus, there are seven (7) farmer-cooperators chosen, one per barangay (Tables 5 and 6).

Table 5. Farmer-cooperators identified in Region II.

Province Municipality Barangay Name of Farmer Contact No. Farm Area (ha)

Crop

Cagayan

Peñablanca Agugaddan Juana Guitering 09168491555 0.5 Corn

Peñablanca Dodan Gilbert Silva 09355057355 1.0 Corn

Peñablanca Malibabag Willard Apattad 09355604638 0.9 Corn

Tuguegarao Capatan Fernando Tasi 09278287116 2.0 Corn

Tuguegarao Larion Alto Lope Suyo 09057958373 1.0 Rice

Tuguegarao NamabbalanNorte FelicidadBurac - 1.0 Rice

Peñablanca Cabasan Regie Evangelista 09358751630 1.0 Rice

Table 6. Farmer-cooperators identified in Region VI.

Province Municipality Barangay Name of Farmer Farm Area (ha)

Crop Method of Crop Establishment

Iloilo

Dumangas Cayos Imelda Delegiro 1.0

Rice

Kabsaka

MerlyDuromal 1.0 Transplanted

Dumangas Sulangan Rogelio Deleonio 1.0

Rice Kabsaka/ Transplanted

Charlie Bruce Lope 1.0 Transplanted

Dumangas Ermita

Esperanza Dupit 1.0

Rice

Direct-seeded

ElnaAtienza 1.0 Transplanted

Armando Binosa 1.0 Kabsaka

Dumangas Patlad Eden Dohinog

1.0 Rice

Transplanted

1.0 Direct-seeded

Geographic Insurance Unit (GIU)

The GIU, a set a group/cluster of areas with similar agro-climatic features, such as soil type, crop cultivated, climate type, and management practices, and risk exposures, was developed. Weather Index-Based Crop Insurance (WIBCI) works best where agro-climatic conditions which affect crop production is homogeneous. Thus, each GIU will have a unique weather index to eliminate basis risk.


In July 2013, initial site characterization was also conducted in the pilot areas (Tables 7 & 8) to determine the sites’ agro-climatic attributes (climate, soil, topography). The existing Soil Series data from the Bureau of Soil and Water Management (BSWM) were also used as basis in the site characterization. The farm locations of each farmer-cooperators were tagged using a Global positioning System (GPS). The geocoded data were then entered into the Geographic Information System (GIS) database and generated a map based on the available Soil and Slope Map from the Department of Agriculture Bureau of Agricultural Research (Figure 1 and 2). This information is very relevant in the development of the geographic insurance unit.

Figure 1. Soil and slope map of Tuguegarao City and Peñablanca, Cagayan showing the farmer- cooperators’ farm locations (red and black dots)

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Figure 2. Soil and slope map of Dumangas, Iloilo showing the farmer-cooperators’ farm locations (red and black dots)

Table 7. Site characterization results in Region II.

Capatan Fernando Tasi brown Silty Clay Loam San Manuel Silt 45

Larion Alto Lope Suyu dark brown Sandy Clay Loam

San Manuel Silt 45

Namabbalan Norte Romeo Burac

very dark gray Silty Clay Loam Ilagan Sandy Loam 22.63 58.9

Based on Actual Sampling Based on BSWM Data

Municipality Barangay Name of Farmer-

Cooperators

Soil Properties Gathered at 0-20 cm Soil Series

Field Capacity (1/3 bar)

Water Holding Capacity

Color Texture 0-12 cm 0-12 cm

Cabasan Regie Evangelista

very dark gray Silty Clay

Loam Ilagan Sandy

Loam 22.63 58.9

Malibabag* Willard Apattan

dark yellowish brown Clay Loam

San Manuel Silt

45

Agugaddan Juana Guitering dark yellowish brown

Sandy Clay Loam

San Manuel Silt

45

Dodan Gilbert Silva

dark yellowish brown **Sandy

Clay Loam

Rock Land


Table 8. Site characterization results in Region VI.

Based on Actual Sampling

BSWM Data

Soil Properties Gathered at 0-20 cm Soil Series

Field Capacity (1/3 bar)

Water Holding Capacity

Color Texture 0-25 cm 0-25 cm

gray sandy clay loam Sta. Rita Clay Loam 48.43 67.9

sandy clay loam Sta. Rita Clay Loam 48.43 67.9

dark gray clay loam Sta. Rita Clay Loam 48.43 67.9



Off-site Experiment

The potted greenhouse experiment (Figure 3), Evaluation of the effects of water deficit at different soil moisture levels and at different growth stages on yield and yield components of rice, was established at PhilRice Central Experiment Station in Nueva Ecija in October 2013. This was meant to evaluate the correlation of existing indices with actual crop yield loss/reduction due to excessive and deficit rainfall.

Figure 3. Greenhouse experiment at PhilRice CES

In December 2013, rain gauges were installed in the pilot areas to have an accurate monitoring of the rainfall (Figure 3). The improvised 8-inch rain gauges installed in Cagayan were fabricated in PhilRice CES while those that were installed in Cagayan were fabricated through PCIC-RO VI.

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Figure 4. Improvised 8-inch Rain Gauge

World Bank Mission – Region 2

The World Bank Mission was held at DA-RFO 2, Organic Building, Tuguegarao City in December 5, 2013. This was attended by Dr. Ademolah Braimoh, a representative from World Bank, Mr. Wilbur Dee, the PhilCCAP Project Leader, as well as the representatives from different agencies involved in the project namely: ATI, PAG-ASA, PCIC-RO 2, PhilRice, and LGUs of Tuguegarao City and Peñablanca. The WB Mission’s activities were to visit the pilot areas in Cagayan by the WB Team as well as the presentation of Accomplishments and 2014 Work Plans by the concerned agencies.


V. Reduced Tillage Technology and PalayCheck System in Irrigated Rice Production for Increased Productivity and Income in Agrarian Reform CommunitiesProject Leader: RB Miranda

The “Reduced Tillage Technology and PalayCheck System for Irrigated Rice Production for Agrarian Reform Communities” project is aimed at increasing the productivity and net income of participating farmers in the project sites by demonstrating and understanding cost-saving technologies in irrigated rice production.

The project implementation was highlighted by the project launching in April 4, 2013 at PhilRice Central Experiment Station. Highlights of the program was the unveiling of Reduced Tillage Technology project billboard, awarding of project budget of Php 5million by BAR, the awarding of 12 plastic drum seeders to participating ARC municipalities and the inspirational messages of DA Secretary Proceso J. Alcala, DAR OIC-Undersecretary Anthony Parungao, DAR Undersecretary Rosalina L. Bistoyong, DA-Asst Secretary and National rice Program Coordinator, Dante S. Delima, Director Clarito Barron of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Engr. Rodolfo Fernandez of the Bureau of Agricultural Research, and Director Andrew Villacorta of DA-RFU 3 and PhilRice Director Eufemio T. Rasco Jr. The occasion was graced by 634 participating farmers, LGUs and other collaborating agencies.

The initial phase of the project was formally implemented in WS 2012 covering the municipality of Talavera and the Science City of Muñoz covering 6 barangays. Implementation was extended until DS 2013 to cover 2 cropping seasons of 1 wet and 1 dry. In DS of 2013, the project was expanded in 10 more municipalities and cities covered by DAR North and DAR South of Nueva Ecija and implemented until WS of 2013. A total of 85 techno-demo sites on RTT were established in 17 municipalities and cities of Nueva Ecija and in the provinces of Pampanga, Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur, and Bukidnon in WS 2013.

In WS 2012, the average yield of six Participatory Technology Demonstration (PTD) sites on RT was 5.63t/ha as compared to 4.64t/ha achieved in Conventional Tillage (CT). In DS 2013 implementation, average yield of 38 PTD sites was 7.15t/ha and 6.66t/ha in CT. However, in WS 2013, 85 PTD sites in RT yielded an average of 3.65t/ha and 3.47t/ha in CT. Low yield obtained was due to typhoon “Santi” that struck Nueva Ecija on October 12, 2013 where majority of the rice crop lodged at the ripening stage that resulted to yield loss. In 2013, around 255 farmers tested the

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technology in parcels or in their whole rice area.

Partial Budget Analysis (economic benefits of intervention) showed an average savings of Php 3,380 per ha on a contracted basis and Php 1,250/ha for the farmers themselves doing the land preparation adopting RT over CT. These savings on land preparation by RT was attributed to faster time of operation by 5.09 hrs/ha over CT and a fuel savings of 14 liters of diesel or 50 % lower than the total fuel consumption in CT.

Cost and return analysis for the net 34 sites had an average net income of Php 48,290 /ha for the reduced tillage as compared to conventional tillage of Php 42,589/ha or a net income advantage of Php 5,700/ha. The other significant benefits of adopting RT as analyzed were; a) farmers can save on time and labor; b) less wear and tear of machine; c) faster, cheaper and easier land preparation; and d) significantly contributing to the reduction of air pollution due to lesser time of tractor operation. After three cropping seasons of project implementation with gradually increasing number of techno-demo farms and farmer’s participations, it can be concluded that Reduced Tillage is a faster, cheaper, and easier method of preparing the land under irrigated lowland rice production. It is well-adopted in transplanted or direct seeded methods of crop establishment. Yield was comparable and even higher than the usual conventional tillage and most of all it addresses environmental concern. The only pre-requisite for its successful implementation is the continuous field submergence of at least 3 to 5cm water depth during the pressing and harrowing operation until transplanting.

Higher yield and income can be achieved during dry season if farmers shifted from transplanting to a perfect direct seeding technology using plastic drum seeder at 40kg seeding rate per ha using quality seeds of best inbred and 18 to 20kg /ha for hybrid varieties. Farmers must be well-equipped with best practices in energy and cost-saving technology within the PalayCheck system. Critical for the farmer’s to adopt RT was for him to be closely supervised by fellow farmer practitioner or trained AEW during his first attempt to try the technology and to help him sustain it.

For 2014, the continuity and expansion of the project will be LGU-led and more LGUs and farmers will be encourage to participate in the project by orienting them with the project guidelines, provisions of technical and seed assistance and IEC materials. Interested farmers will be provided with basic seeds of 5 to 20kg quality seeds of preferred varieties for the establishment of more techno-demo areas on Reduced Tillage. Field monitoring and interaction among farmers and AEWs shall be enhanced. Likewise, active participation of collaborating and partner agencies in technology promotion should be strengthened.


VI. Season-Long Rice Farming Training Program for Extension AgronomistsLdRAbaoag, AVAntonio, GYIlar, FDGarcia, JVPascual, RAPineda, VCGarcia, RMSMartin, MPAmorada, SABoquil

Twenty-one (21) participants completed the third and final batch of the Season-Long Rice Farming Training Program for Extension Agronomists held on June 17 to October 11, 2013 at the Central Experimental Station of PhilRice, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. The training was conducted to develop a cadre of extension agronomists in each of the Anglophone CARD target countries capable of promoting continuous improvement in rice farming throughout a rice-growing season. This project was a collaborative undertaking between IRRI and PhilRice and funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) under the initiative of Coalition for Africa Rice Development (CARD).

The training course consisted of topics on rice production with focus on the PalayCheck System, conducting Farmers’ Field School (FFS), field and classroom activities, Palayamanan farming systems, and action planning. The topics were presented using different instructional strategies which included participatory lecture-discussions, workshops, and establishment and maintenance of participatory technology demonstrations. To further enrich the trainees’ knowledge and experience on extension methods, they also managed the FFS and farmers’ field day and forum.

The participants were composed of 17 extension workers from the Sub-Saharan countries of Cameroon (5), Gambia (4), Liberia (5), Zambia (3), and four Filipino participants from the local government units of Polangui, Albay, Lupao, Nueva Ecija, and the provincial offices of Palawan and Quezon. The participants were almost equally distributed in terms of gender (male: 52% and female: 48%). Most of them hold Diploma (52%) and Bachelor’s Degree (43%) and only one had masters’ degree. Sixty-seven percent were married. Most of the participants (81%) were in the age bracket of 21 to 40.

Pre-test and post-test (practical and theoretical) and weekly (8 weeks) self-achievement tests were administered to evaluate the performance of the participants. The average knowledge gained by the participants was 68% in theoretical examinations and 60% in practical examinations. Special Citation was awarded to participants with exemplary performance, while each participant received a certificate of training.

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The result of the training evaluation showed that the course was “just right” in terms of time allocation for lectures, field/laboratory works, discussions and course duration, balance between theory and practice, and difficulty of examinations. Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the participants said that the course objectives were fully attained with an overall rating of the course as very good (57%).

Most of the trainees appreciated the lecture-discussions on the PalayCheck system, nutrient management, morphology of the rice plant, rice pests and diseases, and Agro-Ecosystem Analysis (AESA). However, they also pointed out that more in-depth discussion should have been given on pests and diseases management, weed management, and yield component calculation.

Some of the trainees said that the course also challenged/stimulated their minds to think about the topic in a new way. But the trainees strongly agreed that they gained a lot of new knowledge and skills from the course and that they understood and better appreciated their work now. Because of this, they are now more confident and determined to do better in their work back home. They also confirmed that this type of training is highly recommended to their friends or colleagues who do the same type of work as they do.

Farmers Field School (FFS)

In line with the conduct of the season-long training, the trainees also trained farmers under the FFS approach. Farmer-managed technology demonstration farms coupled with the farmers’ training facilitated the adaptation and integration of available technologies into the existing system of the farmers in the Municipality of Lupao, Nueva Ecija. This municipality was identified as the project site as it is predominantly rainfed and has a strong support from the local government unit.

PalayCheck farmer groups were formed in four barangays: Agupalo Weste, Alalay Grande, Burgos, and San Roque in Lupao. Each farmer-group was managed by a group of extension agronomists who guided the farmers in the implementation of this activity. Prior to the start of the training, a focus group discussion was conducted to gather information on the farmers’ field practices and problems. This information served as the guide of the trainees in prioritizing topics and issues to be discussed in the FFS and to be addressed in the demo farms.

There were 112 farmers who participated and completed the season-long training conducted for 16 Fridays. Sixty percent (60%) of these participants are within the age bracket of 41 to 60 years. Majority of the


farmers were married (92%) and still dominated by male farmer participants (77%). At least fifty percent (50%) were high school graduates or reached high school level.

Agronomic data were gathered and monitored by the participating farmers and the extension agronomist trainees through the conduct of agro-ecosystem analysis (AESA). This process further broadened the field assessment and decision-making capabilities not only of the farmer-trainees but also of the extension agronomists.

Of the five varieties tested in each of the barangays, the highest average grain yield (5.9t/ha) was obtained by NSIC Rc222 and Rc300 both for irrigated lowland varieties and the lowest was obtained by NSIC Rc192 (3.7t/ha), a rainfed variety. Another rainfed variety included in the participatory demo area was NSIC Rc272 with an average yield of 5t/ha. Although Lupao is generally a rainfed area, most of the farmers, especially those who became Farmer Innovators, used water pumps for supplemental irrigation.

Photo Gallery

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Abbreviations and acronymns

ABA – Abscicic acidAc – anther cultureAC – amylose contentAESA – Agro-ecosystems AnalysisAEW – agricultural extension workersAG – anaerobic germinationAIS – Agricultural Information SystemANOVA – analysis of varianceAON – advance observation nurseryAT – agricultural technologistAYT – advanced yield trialBCA – biological control agentBLB – bacterial leaf blightBLS – bacterial leaf streakBPH – brown planthopperBo - boronBR – brown riceBSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water ManagementCa - CalciumCARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programcav – cavan, usually 50 kgCBFM – community-based forestry managementCLSU – Central Luzon State Universitycm – centimeterCMS – cystoplasmic male sterileCP – protein contentCRH – carbonized rice hullCTRHC – continuous-type rice hull carbonizerCT – conventional tillageCu – copperDA – Department of AgricultureDA-RFU – Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Units DAE – days after emergenceDAS – days after seedingDAT – days after transplantingDBMS – database management systemDDTK – disease diagnostic tool kitDENR – Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesDH L– double haploid linesDRR – drought recovery rateDS – dry seasonDSA - diversity and stress adaptationDSR – direct seeded riceDUST – distinctness, uniformity and stability trialDWSR – direct wet-seeded riceEGS – early generation screeningEH – early heading

EMBI – effective microorganism-based inoculantEPI – early panicle initiationET – early tilleringFAO – Food and Agriculture OrganizationFe – IronFFA – free fatty acidFFP – farmer’s fertilizer practiceFFS – farmers’ field schoolFGD – focus group discussionFI – farmer innovatorFSSP – Food Staples Self-sufficiency Plang – gramGAS – golden apple snailGC – gel consistencyGIS – geographic information systemGHG – greenhouse gasGLH – green leafhopperGPS – global positioning systemGQ – grain qualityGUI – graphical user interfaceGWS – genomwide selectionGYT – general yield trialh – hourha – hectareHIP - high inorganic phosphateHPL – hybrid parental lineI - intermediateICIS – International Crop Information SystemICT – information and communication technologyIMO – indigenous microorganismIF – inorganic fertilizerINGER - International Network for Genetic Evaluation of RiceIP – insect pestIPDTK – insect pest diagnostic tool kitIPM – Integrated Pest ManagementIRRI – International Rice Research InstituteIVC – in vitro cultureIVM – in vitro mutagenesisIWM – integrated weed managementJICA – Japan International Cooperation AgencyK – potassiumkg – kilogramKP – knowledge productKSL – knowledge sharing and learningLCC – leaf color chartLDIS – low-cost drip irrigation systemLeD – leaf dryingLeR – leaf rollinglpa – low phytic acidLGU – local government unit

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LSTD – location specific technology developmentm – meterMAS – marker-assisted selectionMAT – Multi-Adaption TrialMC – moisture contentMDDST – modified dry direct seeding techniqueMET – multi-environment trialMFE – male fertile environmentMLM – mixed-effects linear modelMg – magnesiumMn – ManganeseMDDST – Modified Dry Direct Seeding TechniqueMOET – minus one element techniqueMR – moderately resistantMRT – Mobile Rice TeknoKlinikMSE – male-sterile environmentMT – minimum tillagemtha-¹ - metric ton per hectareMYT – multi-location yield trialsN – nitrogenNAFC – National Agricultural and Fishery CouncilNBS – narrow brown spotNCT – National Cooperative TestingNFA – National Food AuthorityNGO – non-government organizationNE – natural enemiesNIL – near isogenic lineNM – Nutrient ManagerNOPT – Nutrient Omission Plot TechniqueNR – new reagentNSIC – National Seed Industry CouncilNSQCS – National Seed Quality Control ServicesOF – organic fertilizerOFT – on-farm trialOM – organic matterON – observational nurseryOPAg – Office of Provincial AgriculturistOpAPA – Open Academy for Philippine AgricultureP – phosphorusPA – phytic acidPCR – Polymerase chain reactionPDW – plant dry weightPF – participating farmerPFS – PalayCheck field schoolPhilRice – Philippine Rice Research InstitutePhilSCAT – Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural TechnologyPHilMech – Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and MechanizationPCA – principal component analysis

PI – panicle initiationPN – pedigree nurseryPRKB – Pinoy Rice Knowledge BankPTD – participatory technology developmentPYT – preliminary yield trialQTL – quantitative trait lociR - resistantRBB – rice black bugRCBD – randomized complete block designRDI – regulated deficit irrigationRF – rainfedRP – resource personRPM – revolution per minuteRQCS – Rice Quality Classification SoftwareRS4D – Rice Science for DevelopmentRSO – rice sufficiency officerRFL – Rainfed lowlandRTV – rice tungro virusRTWG – Rice Technical Working GroupS – sulfurSACLOB – Sealed Storage Enclosure for Rice SeedsSALT – Sloping Agricultural Land TechnologySB – sheath blightSFR – small farm reservoirSME – small-medium enterpriseSMS – short message serviceSN – source nurserySSNM – site-specific nutrient managementSSR – simple sequence repeatSTK – soil test kitSTR – sequence tandem repeatSV – seedling vigort – tonTCN – testcross nurseryTCP – technical cooperation projectTGMS – thermo-sensitive genetic male sterileTN – testcross nurseryTOT – training of trainersTPR – transplanted riceTRV – traditional varietyTSS – total soluble solidUEM – ultra-early maturingUPLB – University of the Philippines Los BañosVSU – Visayas State UniversityWBPH – white-backed planthopperWEPP – water erosion prediction projectWHC – water holding capacityWHO – World Health OrganizationWS – wet seasonWT – weed toleranceYA – yield advantageZn – zincZT – zero tillage


List of Tables

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Table 1. Comparative grain yield (t/ha) of test and check varieties across three salt-affected techno-demo sites in Ilocos Sur, Philippines, PhilRice Batac, 2013 WS.

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Table 2. Yield advantage (%) of test varieties over the check variety, PSB Rc82, evaluated in the salt-affected areas in Brgy. Cabittaogan, Sta. Catalina, IIocos Sur, Philippines, PhilRice Batac, 2013 WS.

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Table 3. List of IR64-GR2R entries used in the third season MLT.

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Table 4.Beta-carotene (BC) content of the nine ILs during MLT 3, relative to TC content.

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Table 5. Farmer-cooperators identified in Region II. 11

Table 6. Farmer-cooperators identified in Region VI. 11

Table 7. Site characterization results in Region II. 13

Table 8. Site characterization results in Region VI. 14

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List of Figures

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Figure 1. Soil and slope map of Tuguegarao City and Peñablanca, Cagayan showing the farmer- cooperators’ farm locations (red and black dots)

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Figure 2. Soil and slope map of Dumangas, Iloilo showing the farmer-cooperators’ farm locations (red and black dots)

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Figure 3. Greenhouse experiment at PhilRice CES 14

Figure 4. Improvised 8-inch Rain Gauge 15

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