SPEAKING TO INFORM - CH. 9 BEGINNING AND ENDING THE SPEECH - CH. 7 SUPPORTING YOUR IDEAS - CH. 6 GATHERING MATERIALS - CH. 11 USING LANGUAGE - CH. 14 SPEAKING TO INFORM - DISCUSS INFORMATIVE SPEECH / PAPER ASSIGNMENT

THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

CHAPTER 7

02/20/2013

STEPS IN PUTTING TOGETHER A SPEECH 1.  Select a topic – Chapter 4

2.  Analyze the audience – Chapter 5

3.  State the speech purpose – Chapter 4

4.  Develop the thesis and main points – Chapter 4

5.  Gather supporting materials – Chapter 6

6.  Outline the speech – Chapter 8 & 10

7.  Rehearsing the speech

+ Chapter 7 Supporting your Ideas

+ Chapter 9 Beginning and Ending the Speech

Chapter 11 Using Language

Chapter 14: Speaking to Inform

“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?”

-  Albert Einstein

WHY GATHER MATERIALS? As you do research, you should begin to start writing the speech in your head. As you learn more about your topic…

§  Sketch out main points and supporting points

§  Experiment with ways of organizing your thoughts

§  Don’t be afraid to change your point of view if needed

§  Finalize your Thesis Statement or Central Idea

SUPPORTING YOUR IDEAS Good speeches are not composed of hot air and generalizations. They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker’s point of view. We gather materials to support our ideas.

Supporting Materials:

§  Examples §  Statistics §  Testimony

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: EXAMPLES §  Example: A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a

group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

§  Brief Example: A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

§  Extended Example: A story, narrative, or anecdote developed as some length to illustrate a point.

§  Hypothetical Example: An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: EXAMPLES Why use examples? §  to Clarify Your Ideas

§  to Reinforce Your Ideas

§  To Personalize Your Ideas

§  Make your examples vivid and richly textured

§  Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: STATISTICS §  Statistics: Numerical Data

§  Statistics are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker’s points à brief example.

§  Statistics can also be used in combination to show the magnitude or seriousness of an issue.

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: STATISTICS §  Understanding Statistics:

§  Statistics can be easily manipulated and distorted. Be ethical and use your critical thinking (and listening) skills.

§  Make sure that the statistics your are using are really representative; if not, be clear about it.

§  Use statistical measures accurately: §  Mean: The average value of a group of numbers §  Median: The middle number in a group of numbers arranged

from highest to lowest. §  Mode: The number that occurs more frequently in a group of

numbers. §  Make sure your statistics come from a reliable source.

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: TIPS FOR USING STATISTICS

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: TESTIMONY §  Testimony: Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

§  Expert Testimony: Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

§  Peer Testimony: Testimony rom ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.

§  Quotation vs. Paraphrasing

§  Direct Quotation: Testimony that is presented word for word. §  Paraphrase: To restate or summarize a source’s ideas in

one’s own words.

DO NOT use quotes out of context – Be ethical!

SUPPORTING MATERIALS: TIPS FOR USING TESTIMONY

Listeners do not have access to your outline. You MUST identify your sources orally as you are speaking.