AGENDA AND FRONT MATERIALgrouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ck/public/20_07/... · ieee p802.3 –
Speaker 2006/XX/XX Speaker 2007/XX/XX Networking Concept CK NG Customer Service.
-
Upload
ruth-norton -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
3
Transcript of Speaker 2006/XX/XX Speaker 2007/XX/XX Networking Concept CK NG Customer Service.
Speaker 2006/XX/XXSpeaker 2007/XX/XX
www.Edge-Core.com
Networking ConceptNetworking Concept
WWW.Edge-Core.com
CK NGCustomer Service
What is NetworkingWhat is Networking
Networking is the sharing of information and services
Computer networks includes computers and computer operating systems
Computer networks are often classified by size, distance covered, or structure
Network ClassificationNetwork Classification
Local area network (LAN)Small group of connected computers
<10Km
Mbps ~ Gbps
Ethernet (10Mbps), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps)
Wide area network (WAN)Interconnect LANs
Kbps ~ Mbps
Modem (33.6/56 kbps), X.25 (56 Kbps), Frame Relay (1.544 Mbps), T1 / E1 (1.544 Mbps), T3 / E3 (45 Mbps), ISDN 2B1D (64K),ATM (25 ~ 622 Mbps)
File Server+Print Server
Printer( Printer buffer)
HD( Queued )
Router
WAN
LAN
Router
LAN
Required Network ElementsRequired Network Elements
Three basic elements in NetworkingSomething to share--Network Services
A pathway of contacting others--Transmission media
Rules for communication--Protocol
Network ServicesNetwork Services
Network services are provided by numerous combinations of computer hardware and software
Service providers and requestorsServers--Only provide services
Clients-- Only request services
Peers--Both
Network ServicesNetwork Services
File ServicesFile transfer, file storage and data migration, File update synchronization
Print servicesShare printers, queue print jobs
Message servicesE-mail, workgroup applications
Application servicesRun software for network clientsShare processing power
Database servicesProvide server-based database storage & retrieval functionReplication
Transmission MediaTransmission Media
A method or pathway for contacting each otherCable media( twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic cable)
Wireless media (radio frequency, microwave, infrared)
RJ45 connector Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)
(Core) (Cladding)
(Protective Sheath)
SC connectorLC connector
Multi Mode62.5/50 u core/125 u cladding
Single Mode8.3 u core/
125 u cladding
LC connector
Connectivity DevicesConnectivity Devices
Network connectivity devicesTransmission media connectors
Network Interface Card
Modems
Repeaters
Hubs
Bridges
Switches
Internetwork connectivity devicesRouters
Brouters
CSU/DSUs
ProtocolProtocol
Rules are required for communication between computer network devices
Specific communication rules and rule sets are called protocols
OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model
1977, ISO created the OSI Reference Model, Functional guideline for dividing up communication tasks
Network User
OSI MODEL
7 Application layer
Provides servicesto the application.
Presentation layer
Converts,encrypts data.
Session layer
Starts,stops session.Maintains order.
Transport layer
Ensures delivery ofentire file or message.
Networklayer
Data Link (MAC) layer
Transmits frames from node to node based on station address.
Physicallayer
Passes information inbits across the connection medium.
6
5
4
3
2
1
Routes packets to LANs and WANs based on network address.
Telnet , HTTP FTP , WWW …etc
JPEG , ASC ⅡEBCDIC , GIF…etc
RPC , SQL NetBios names…etc
TCP ,UDP ,SPX
IP ,IPX ,Apple Talk DDP
802.3/802.2 , HDLC …etc
EIA/TIA -232 ,V.35 …etc
Physical LayerPhysical LayerDefines rules for transmitting bits of data
Structure of a network (physical topology)
Mechanical and electrical specifications for the transmission medium
Bit transmission encoding and timing rules
Bits
Data Link LayerData Link LayerOrganizes bits into logical groups called framesControl information like source and destination addresses, frame length, and information about the upper layer protocols is added to the front end of the frame-headerFrame
MAC Sub-layerMedia access methods and logical topologiesAddressing
Data Link Sub-layerFrame synchronizationConnection services
• Connectionless• Non-reliable
Error control• Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
Network LayerNetwork LayerOrganizing messages into logical groups called datagram packets
Routing datagram packets to their correct destinations
Connectionless services
Connection-oriented services
Transport LayerTransport LayerProvide end-to-end control and error-checking to determine if all the packets have arrived
Reliability
Session LayerSession LayerConnection services include connection establishment, maintenance, and tear-down
End-nodes exchange messages and agree to certain connection parameters, such as beginning sequence numbers and number of outstanding messages allowed
Dialog
Presentation LayerPresentation LayerUsually part of the OS and is responsible for formatting data
Encrypt and translate received packets
Format
Application LayerApplication LayerInterface between user and computer
Provides network services to the user
Shared
OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model
N
T
S
P
A D Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DL
Application Process
Application Process
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
OSI Layer MappingOSI Layer Mapping
Layer 17 Bytes
Preamble SFD
1 Byte
Data IPG bits
12 Bytes
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Version Total LengthIdentification
Time to LiveSource Address
Data ...
IP Packet Format
IHL Type of ServiceFragment OffsetFlags
Protocol Header Checksum
Destination AddressOptions Padding
Layer 3
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Source Port Destination PortSequence Number
Acknowledge Number
WindowFIN
SYN
RST
PSH
ACK
URG
DataOffset
Reserved
Checksum Urgent PointerOptions Padding
Data ...
TCP Segment FormatLayer 4
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Source Port Destination Port
Data ...
UDP Datagram Format
Length Checksum
Layer 26 Bytes 6 Bytes 2 B 46-1500 Bytes 4 Bytes
DestinationAddress
SourceAddress
L/T Data Pad FCS
Frame (64-1522 Bytes)
8100 TCI
2 B2 B
VLAN IDPriority CFI
802.1QVLAN tagging
3 bits 12 bits1 bit
LAN StandardsLAN Standards
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
1980, defining LAN standards for the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model
IEEE 802.2 LLC (Logical Link Control)
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) Ethernet
IEEE 802.4 Token Passing Bus
IEEE 802.5 Token Passing Ring
IEEE 802.6 MAN (Metropolis Area Network)
ISO/OSI vs IEEE802ISO/OSI vs IEEE802
Logical link control
Media access control
Physical
Upper Layer Protocol
IEEE 802 IEEE 802 standard
802.2 logical link control
802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6
ISO/OSI Model
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
MAC MAC MAC MAC
Ethernet Technology EvolutionEthernet Technology Evolution
IEEE 802.310BASE5
IEEE 802.310BASE5
IEEE802.310BASE-TIEEE802.310BASE-T
IEEE 802.310BASE2
IEEE 802.310BASE2
1983 1986 1991 199519801970 1999
185M
100M
500M
Transceiver Coaxial Cable Terminator
AUICable
T-Connector
Coaxial Cable
Terminator
Hub
Cat 5Cable
10Mbps Star Topology
Bus Topology
Bus Topology
IEEE 802.3 EthernetIEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Max. Segment Length
Medium
Topology
Access Method
Transfer Rate
No. of Wire Pairs
Full Duplex?
Wiring Category
10BASE210BASE2 10BASE510BASE5 10BASE-T10BASE-T
Thin Coaxial Cable Thick CoaxialCable
Twisted pair Wire
CSMA/CD CSMA/CD CSMA/CD
YES
10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps
185 M 500 M 100 M
Bus Bus Star
N/A
N/A
NoNo
N/A
N/A 2
3,4,5
Carrier Sense Multiple Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision DetectionAccess/Collision Detection
BACK-OFF
A B CDefferring Defferring Trannsmitting
A B C
Defferring Carrier off
Defferring Carrier off Idle
A B CIdle
TransmitTrial
TransmitTrial
A B CIdle
SuccessfulRetry Backing offf
A B CIdleBacking offfBacking offf
Frame
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
1
2
3
4
5
LISTEN
SILENCE
ACCESS
RETRY
Collision DomainCollision Domain
1000011110101010101001010010010101
01
01
01
0 11
01
01
1
11100101100011110110
11100101100011110110
01
01
01
0 11
01
01
1
11100101100011110110
11100101100011110110
10 Mbps ( M = 10 ^ 6, bps = bit per second)
BIT TIME = 0.1 us t = 1 ( bit ) / 10 M = 1 / 10 * 10^ 6 = 0.1 us
Ethernet Packet Size = 64 ~ 1518 bytes ( 1 Bytes = 8 bits )64 Bytes = 64 * 8 bits = 512 bits
Packet live = 512 / 10* 10 ^ 6 = 51.2 us /0.1 us = 512 delay bit-time
Collision Domain = 51.2 us / 2 = 25.6 us
CollisionCollision
1000011110101010101001010010 010101
01
01
01
0 11
01
01
1101011 1110010
11100101100011110110
11100101100011110110
1000011110101010101001010010 010101
01
01
01
0 11
01
01
1
101011 1110010
11100101100011110110
11100101100011110110
1100011110101010101001010010111001000011110
IEEE 802.3u Fast EthernetIEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet
Physical and logical topologies
Media independent interface(MII)
Auto Negotiation
Media access control (MAC)
Fast Ethernet Network DesignFast Ethernet Network Design
Max. Segment Length
Medium
Topology
Access Method
Transfer Rate
No. of Wire Pairs
Full Duplex?
Wiring Category
100BASE-TX100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX100BASE-FX 100BASE-T4100BASE-T4
Twisted pair Wire Fiber optic cable Twisted pair Wire
CSMA/CD CSMA/CD CSMA/CD
YES
100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps
100M 412 M 100 M
Star Star Star
N/A
2
YESYES
5
N/A 4
3,4,5
Ethernet Speed EvolutionEthernet Speed Evolution
1983 1986 1991 199519801970 1999
IEEE 802.3z1000Base-SX/1000Base-LX100OBASE-CX
IEEE 802.3z1000Base-SX/1000Base-LX100OBASE-CX
10GBase10GBase
IEEE 802.3u100BASE-TX/100Base-FX/100Base-T4
IEEE 802.3u100BASE-TX/100Base-FX/100Base-T4
100M
IEEE 802.3ab1000BASE-TXIEEE 802.3ab1000BASE-TX
Switch
Cat 5Cable
100Mbps
Switch
Cat 6Cat 5e
Gbps1000M
Switch
10G Base
10GBase
Server Farms
40KM
Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
StandardStandardMaximum Maximum DistanceDistance
CableCable
1000Base-SX850nm
1000Base-CX
Multimode fiber
STP
220M
550M
UTP
Cat 5 (4 pair)
1000Base-LX
1300nm
1000Base-T
Multimode fiber
Single Mode Fiber
220M
2000M
25M
100M
IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.3z
IEEE 802.3ab
Need for Connectivity DevicesNeed for Connectivity Devices
Overcome the limitations of the LAN media
Transport of data packets across multiple networks with different media access methods
Communication between systems with incompatible protocols
Network Device and OSINetwork Device and OSI
1980 1986 1995 2000 2005
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
Layer 7
RepeaterRepeaterPreamble SFD Data
Source Port Destination PortSequence Number
Acknowledge Number
WindowFIN
SYN
RST
PSH
ACK
URG
DataOffset
Reserved
Checksum Urgent PointerOptions Padding
Data ...
FTP ServerFTP Server WWWWWW
Layer 3 Switch
Layer 3 SwitchRouterRouter Metro Ethernet
Switch
Metro EthernetSwitch
V Total LengthIdentification
TTLSource Address
Data ...
IHL TOSFragment OffsetFlags
Protocol Header Checksum
Destination AddressOptions Padding
BridgeBridge Layer 2 Switch
Layer 2 SwitchDA SA L/T Data Pad FCS8100 TCI
802.1QVLAN tagging
Repeater/HubRepeater/Hub
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Repeaters work at layer 1 of the OSI modelTheir primary function is to regenerate signal
Repeater
Physical Physical
Repeater/HubRepeater/Hub
Physical Layer devices.
Protocol Independent.
Interconnect two or more network segments (with the same type) to be a larger network segment.
Regenerates the received digital signals. Does not process the received frames
Repeater/Hub (5-4-3 Rule)Repeater/Hub (5-4-3 Rule)
Reperter Reperter Reperter Reperter
IRL IRL
DTE 1
DTE 1 DTE 2 DTE 3
IRL = Inter Reperter Length
Hub (5-4 Rule)Hub (5-4 Rule)
10M Hub
10M Hub10M Hub
10M Hub
Station
Station. . .
100meter
100meter100meter
100meter
100meter
100meter100meter
Shared NetworkShared Network
Collision Domain
10Base210Base5
10BaseT100BaseT
Hub
HubHub
CSMA/CDShare 10Mbps or 100Mbps
Bridge/SwitchBridge/Switch
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Bridges work at layer 2 of the OSI modelTheir primary function is to relay frame
BridgePhysical
Data Link
Physical
Data Link
Bridge/SwitchBridge/Switch
MAC Layer devices
Protocol Independent
Interconnect two or more LANs
Process received frames based on the MAC addresses
Addressed Learning, Frames Filtering & Forwarding Function
Increase the total throughput of a LAN
Switched NetworkSwitched Network
Collision Domain 3 Collision Domain 4
10Mbps X 4=40Mbps100Mbps X 4=400Mbps
Switch
A BSegment
1 A2 B3 1 2 34 4 5 6
4 5 6 1 2 3Collision Domain 1
Collision Domain 2
Router/Layer 3 SwitchRouter/Layer 3 Switch
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Router work at layer 3 of the OSI modelTheir primary function is to route packet
RouterPhysical
Data Link
Network
Physical
Data Link
Network
Type of Hub/SwitchType of Hub/Switch
DumbUsing it
SmartUsing it & knowing the situation
Make the decision
IntelligentUsing it, Knowing it & Controlling it