Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis: Rural Economy - David Meredith
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Distribution of workers and jobs in Ireland Industrial Change and in Ireland: Industrial Change and Issues of Injustice? Issues of Injustice? David Meredith David Meredith
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Royal Irish Academy Conference: Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis 23 April, 2013, Academy House The on-going crisis and associated responses to it (political, governance, popular etc.) provides an entry point for a wide-ranging exploration of spatial justice as a theoretical construct and a departure point for empirical analysis. Discourses of justice, equality and fairness remain central to a range of interconnected debates as Ireland seeks to recover from the interrelated collapses of the banking system and property markets and the knock on effects through the rest of society and the economy. Scale is an important dimension in framing and constructing popular discourses concerning issues of justice, e.g. the role of EU institutions in shaping Ireland’s treatment of banking debt or the impact of national budgetary measures on particular places. The focus of this conference is on understanding these spatially connected processes, how they are functioning at different scales, their impact on particular or specific places and spaces, as they give rise to new or evolving social and economic geographies.
Transcript of Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis: Rural Economy - David Meredith
Distribution of workers and jobs in Ireland Industrial Change andin Ireland: Industrial Change and
Issues of Injustice?Issues of Injustice?
David MeredithDavid Meredith
OverviewOverview• Critique of past (current) failure to enact regional / rural development ‘policy’– 1999 White Paper (Neo‐endogenous rural development)– Changing governance arrangementsChanging governance arrangements
• Response to past lack of success– Neo‐liberal fix, i.e. Facilitate the penetration of capital into rural
spaces
– Focus on initiatives focused on physical (capital) development• Permissive housing policy, both one‐off and large projects (Residential / Commercial)
• Consequences for the rest of economy• No consideration of on‐going processes of industrial restructuring
OverviewOverview• The process of investment and disinvestment is a continuous and
interrelated process This process is driven by the search for surplus valueinterrelated process. This process is driven by the search for surplus value on the part of investors.
• The combination of all investment – disinvestment decisions made at the• The combination of all investment – disinvestment decisions made at the investor scale results in differentiation in the levels and conditions of development.
– Focus here is on how capital produces and reproduced labour
• Spatial Divisions of Labour
Before we begin…Before we begin…• Census of Population 1986 – 2011p
• Census of Population Place of Work Datasets 2006 20112006 ‐ 2011
• The analysis equates uneven development with particular geographical patterns. This(largely) ignores that other dimension of s( a ge y) g o es t at ot e d e s o ouneven development, namely differential growth rates within and between industrialgrowth rates within and between industrial sectors.
Number of Unemployed / 1000 employedNumber of Unemployed / 1000 employed
350
300
350
250
mployed
150
200
yed pe
r 1,00
0 em
100
No. Une
mploy
0
50
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
MaleFemale
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
Industrial Structure of Male Employment
1 200 000
p y
1,000,000
1,200,000
800,000
mpl
oyed
Other
Professional Services
P bli Ad i i t ti d
600,000
ber o
f Men
Em Public Administration and
Defence
Transport and Communications
Commerce
200 000
400,000
Num
b Commerce
Manufacturing and related industries
Construction
0
200,000
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
Construction
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
Industrial Structure of Female Employmentp y
1 200 000
1,000,000
1,200,000
800,000
Empl
oyed
Other
Professional Services
600,000
er o
f Wom
en E Professional Services
Public Administration and DefenceTransport and Communications
200 000
400,000
Num
be
Commerce
Manufacturing and related industries
0
200,000
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
Construction
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
1986 1991 1996 2002 2006 2011
Impact of the recession on employmentp p y
150 000
50,000
100,000
150,000
-50,000
0
s em
ploy
ed
200 000
-150,000
-100,000
ber o
f per
son
Job LostJobs GainedNet Change
-300,000
-250,000
-200,000
ange
in n
umb
-400,000
-350,000
Males Females
Ch
Males Females
Industrial Restructuring 2006 2011Industrial Restructuring 2006 ‐ 2011
150 000
50 000
100,000
150,000
ns e
mpl
oyed
-50 000
0
50,000
ber o
f per
son
-150,000
-100,000
-50,000
hang
e in
num
b
FemaleMale
150,000
Ch
2006 Average Travel Distance2006 – Average Travel Distance25
20
25
10
15
0
5Male
Female
2011 Average Travel Distance2011 – Average Travel Distance25
20
25
10
15
0
5Male
Female
Change in Manufacturing Employment 2006 ‐ 2011
120000
100000
120000
80000
60000 2006
2011
20000
40000
0
20000
Urban RuralUrban Rural
Age cohort analysis of male l h i f iemployment change in Manufacturing
2000
0
1000
2000
d
-2000
-1000
ales
em
ploy
ed
-4000
-3000
num
ber o
f ma
Net Urban Change
-6000
-5000
Cha
nge
in n Net Urban Change
Net Rural Change
-8000
-7000
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+
Age as of 2011Age as of 2011
Age cohort analysis of female employment change in Manufacturing
2000
0
1000
2000
d
-2000
-1000
les
empl
oyed
-4000
-3000
mbe
r of f
ema
Net Urban Change
Net Rural Change
-6000
-5000
Cha
nge
in n
um
-8000
-7000
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+
C
Age as of 2011Age as of 2011
Change (%) in Average Distance to Work: Manufacturing
100 00
80.00
100.00
40.00
60.00
0.00
20.00Male
Female
-20.00
ConclusionsConclusions• The unequal development of the Irish economy with its extremes of wealth and• The unequal development of the Irish economy, with its extremes of wealth and
poverty, its rapid pace of urbanization and environmental degradation, has accelerated rather than diminished over the past quarter century.
• Deindustrialization and regional decline, extended urbanisation or extrametropolitan growth and a new international division of labour, in which Ireland is a highly active player, “are not separate developments but symptoms of a much deeper transformation in the geography of capitalism” within Irelanda much deeper transformation in the geography of capitalism within Ireland (Smith, 2008 P.1).
• These developments are extensions of changing patterns of (uneven) development witnessed within the Eurozone, the EU and globally.
• Though many of the drivers of unequal development operate at surpa‐state scales, the state plays a fundamental role in determining the impacts including spatial ofthe state plays a fundamental role in determining the impacts, including spatial, of these drivers.
