SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS IN DENMARK

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY

Marlene Plejdrup, MSc. physical geography Stockholm 4/5 2011

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS

IN DENMARK

Marlene Plejdrup & Steen GyldenkærneDepartment of Policy AnalysisNational Environmental Research InstituteAarhus University

TFEIP Emissions Gridding and Mapping WorkshopStockholm, May 4th, 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography

Outline

› Emission gridding in Denmark

› The SPREAD model

› Gridded emissions:› stationary combustion› agriculture› mobile sources› national emissions

› Application of gridded emissions


Danish emission gridding› Previous griddings:

› Danish emission on 50 km grid – reporting to LRTAP› National emissions on 17 km grid – special focus on

road transport and residential wood burning › Emissions from road transport and residential wood

burning for case areas on 1 km grid.› Agricultural NH3 on 100 m grid

› New gridding model, SPREAD:› Gridding of all emissions in the Danish emission

inventories on 1 km grid.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geographyThe SPREAD Model

- Spatial High Resolution Emission to Air Distribution

Model

Waste

Agriculture

Solventsand other

product use

Industrialprocesses

Fugitiveemissions

Othermobile

sources

Road traffic

Stationarycombustion,

AS

Stationarycombustion,

PS

LPS

Nationalemissions

SPREAD includes ● 10 sub-models● > 15 databases● > 30 distribution keys● > 50 distribution

● a module for extraction of results

● all or selected pollutants

● all or selected sources

● customised aggregation level, e.g. sectoral total or source level


Methodology› Gridding on most disaggregated level as possible

› Source, SNAP, sub-sector or sector

› Distribution level is determined by:› evaluation of the best potential way of distribution› examination of data availability

› Distribution keys in GIS (Geographical Information

System)› intersection› share of area or length for each grid cell

› Emissions › from the emission inventory for 2008 or calculated

(stationary combustion and agriculture). Calculated emissions are corrected to match reported emissions.

› Visualisation of results in GIS


Stationary combustion – sources and data

› LPS› UTM coordinates are included in the Danish

inventory system

› PS› The “Energy Producer Accounts” from DEA

› annual database including fuel consumption (FC) and geographical coordinates for each district heating and/or power producing plant

› AS › National FC from the Danish Energy Statistics by DEA

excluding LPS and PS


Stationary combustion – emission calculation› FC on different level for LPS, PS and AS

› extraction of LPS from PS to avoid double-counting

› extraction of LPS and PS from AS to avoid double-counting

› need for manual re-allocation of FC, as LPS and PS is on SNAP3 level and the national energy statistics on SNAP2, leading to FC deficits for AS

› need for corrections of calculated emissions to ensure agreement with the national emission inventory


Stationary combustion - gridding› LPS and PS at exact location and afterwards

aggregated on 1 km grid

› Gridding of AS mainly follows a regional inventory on municipality level from DEA including FC for regional heating for oil boilers, natural gas boilers and solid fuel installations.› Sources and fuels not included in the regional

inventory are gridded in accordance with the most similar source or fuel, e.g.1.small amounts of petroleum coke and LPG is

treated as wood and other wood waste primary located on residential plants

2.small amounts of residual oil allocated on area sources are gridded according to industrial areas


Stationary combustion, SO2 emission (map size ~100*150 km)


Agriculture Fieldburning

Histosols

PRP

Sludge

Atmosphericdeposition

Leachingand

run-off

Fertilizerapplication

Manureapplication

N-fixingcrops

Cropresidue

Agriculturalsoils

Manuremanagement

Entericfermentation

Agriculture

› Complex model building on many methods in the Danish NH3 gridding on

100 m

› Buttom-up approach› individual

animal› farm level› field level


Agriculture – background data› CHR - central husbandry register

› population and location of animals on farm level› livestock, pig, sheep, goat, deer, fox, mink and

animals in aquaculture› livestock are registered individually

› GLR - general agriculture register› information on farms (e.g. cvr number and animals) and

crops on field level› CVR – central business register

› XY coordinates for e.g. farms with a CVR number› Fertiliser account

› purchased N at farm level› LPIS - Land Parcel Identification System

› land parcels as polygons› land parcels are split by natural boundaries, e.g.

trenches and hedgerows› on average one land parcel covers approximately 11

hectares and includes 3 fields


Mobile sourcesMilitary

Mobile inhousehold

Mobile inindustry

Mobile inforestry

Mobile inagriculture Other

navigation

Fishing

Ferries

Aviation,cruise

Aviation,LTO

RailwayRoad

Mobilesources

The national road and traffic database: Annual mileage aggregated on 1 km grid

Vehicle types: •passenger cars•vans•trucks and buses

Road types: •highway•urban road•rural road

AIS (Area Information System): National maps of spatial data related to nature and environment. E.g. railways, industrial areas and low settlements.


National emissions› Emissions from the sub-models are gathered in a

separate database used for data extraction.

› SPREAD is based on 2008 emissions. A number of modifications are necessary to apply SPREAD to other years. e.g.:› Stationary combustion PSs according to the annual

“Energy Producer Accounts” from DEA for plants delivering heat and/or power to the public network.

› Stationary combustion AS, as PS affect this distribution key

› Agricultural emissions according to annual data on animals, fertilizers and crops.

› Distribution keys for a large number of minor sources are applicable for more/all years.


Application of gridded emissions› Dispersion models:

› The regional 3D grid model DEHM (the Danish Euleric Hemispheric Model) on 5.55 km grid (50 km EMEP grid / 9)

› The gaussian plume model UBM (Urban Background Model)

› including emissions from SPREAD has improved the results from the UBM calculations, which now are more in line with measurements in the urban areas

› Air quality modelling are used in exposure studies, health effect studies and cost-benefit estimations.


Further information

› Plejdrup, M.S. & Gyldenkærne,

S. 2011: Spatial distribution of

emissions to air – the SPREAD

model. National Environmental

Research Institute, Aarhus

University, Denmark. 72 pp. –

NERI Technical Report no.

FR823.

http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR823.p

df

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY

Marlene Plejdrup, MSc. physical geography Stockholm 4/5 2011

Thank you for your attention

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS IN DENMARK

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