Spatial Clustering Yogi Vidyattama. Main methodology Local Moran Index of Spatial Autocorrelation...
-
Upload
stanley-boyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
1
Transcript of Spatial Clustering Yogi Vidyattama. Main methodology Local Moran Index of Spatial Autocorrelation...
Spatial Clustering
Yogi Vidyattama
Main methodology
• Local Moran Index of Spatial Autocorrelation
where:Zi = deviation of point i to the mean
Wij = the spatial weights matrix
m2 = total variance ( )
• Weight matrix– The nature of spatial relationship: contiguity
N
Zm i i
2
2
j
jiji
i ZWm
ZI
2
3
Methodology
• Weight matrices – Describes the nature of the spatial relationships
• Rook-Contiguity based
– As opposed to• Queen-Contiguity based
• Distance based
What it has been used for
• Concentration area of disadvantage– Joblessness– Overcrowded housing– Less developed region– Ethnic group: Ancestry, Language
• Why?– Spill over effect– Intertemporal effect– Public service/ infrastructure distribution
• Further analysis necessary– Changes over time – Different behaviour/attitude– Impact on regression
¯0 25 5012.5 Kilometers
Legend
Dual Carriageway
Principal Road
Not significant (48)
High-High (9)
Low-Low (7)
Low-High (0)
High-Low (0)
Sydney Fairfield
Bankstown
Warringah (A)
Parramatta
Strathfield (A)
Pittwater (A)
Gosford (C)
Moran's I = 0.5185
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Standard Deviation of %CJH 2001
Sta
nd
ard
De
via
tio
n o
f n
eig
hb
ou
r's
%C
JH
20
01
Parramatta (C) - South
Sydney (C) - West
Warringah (A)
Bankstown-South
Strathfield (A)
Fairfield (C) - East
Fairfield (C) - West
Parramatta (C) - North-West
Gosford (C) - West
Children in Jobless household
¯0 25 5012.5 Kilometers
Legend
Dual Carriageway
Principal Road
Not significant (46)
High-High (9)
Low-Low (7)
Low-High (2)
High-Low (0)
Sydney Fairfield
Bankstown
Warringah (A)
Parramatta
Strathfield (A)
Pittwater (A)
Gosford (C)
Moran's I = 0.5244
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Standard Deviation of %CJH 2006
Sta
nd
ard
Dev
iatio
n o
f nei
gh
bo
ur'
s %
CJH
200
6
Parramatta (C) - South
Sydney (C) - West
Warringah (A)
Fairfield (C) - East
Fairfield (C) - West
Parramatta (C) - North-West
Strathfield (A)
Bankstown-South
Gosford (C) - West
Children in Jobless household
¯0 10 205 Kilometers
Legend
Dual Carriageway
Principal Road
Not significant (50)
High-High (13)
Low-Low (14)
Low-High (2)
High-Low (0)
Hobsons Bay (C) - Williamstown
Hume (C) - Broadmeadows
Whittlesea (C) - South
Melbourne (C)
Nillumbik (S) - South
Darebin (C) - Northcote
Moran's I = 0.3822
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Standard Deviation of % CJH 2001
Sta
nd
ard
De
via
tio
n o
f n
eig
hb
or'
s %
CJ
H 2
00
1
Hobsons Bay (C) - Williamstown
Darebin (C) - Northcote
Melbourne (C) - Inner
Hume (C) - Broadmeadows
Whittlesea (C) - South-West
Nillumbik (S) - South
Whittlesea (C) - South-East
Melbourne (C) - Remainder
Children in Jobless household
¯0 10 205 Kilometers
Legend
Dual Carriageway
Principal Road
Not significant (53)
High-High (8)
Low-Low (15)
Low-High (3)
High-Low (0)
Hobsons Bay (C) - Williamstown
Hume (C) - Broadmeadows
Whittlesea (C) - South
Melbourne (C)
Nillumbik (S) - South
Darebin (C) - Northcote
Moran's I = 0.3646
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Standard Deviation of % CJH 2006
Sta
nd
ard
Dev
iati
on
of
nei
gh
bo
ur'
s %
CJH
200
6
Moonee Valley (C) - West Hobsons Bay (C) - Williamstown Darebin (C) - Northcote
Melbourne (C) - Inner
Hume (C) - Broadmeadows
Whittlesea (C) - South-
Nillumbik (S) - South
Whittlesea (C) - South-East
Melbourne (C) - Remainde
Children in Jobless household
EthnicitySYDNEY
Cluster 2006 2011Ancestry - not significant 28.38 30.35 - high-high 62.03 66.42 - low-low 8.55 8.89 - low-high 25.16 21.79 - high-low 33.51 37.36Language - not significant 27.42 30.35 - high-high 64.44 66.42 - low-low 6.66 8.89 - low-high 25.93 21.79 - high-low 33.42 37.36English - not significant 15.48 15.16 - high-high 27.24 26.35 - low-low 6.61 5.82 - low-high 12.21 10.41 - high-low 19.85 17.28
EthnicityMELBOURNE
Cluster 2006 2011Ancestry - not significant 24.95 27.33 - high-high 51.39 56.39 - low-low 8.04 9.06 - low-high 18.45 12.95 - high-low 28.04 33.32Language - not significant 25.88 28.08 - high-high 55.09 58.13 - low-low 6.82 7.99 - low-high 19.72 16.84 - high-low 28.66 33.59English - not significant 16.17 15.65 - high-high 28.21 26.48 - low-low 6.99 6.90 - low-high 10.97 10.52 - high-low 20.10 18.60
Cluster of HDI 1999
Cluster of HDI 2008
Moran’s “Arrow” plot of HDI 1999-2008
• Disease– Contagion, connected topography
• Crime– Vulnerable target, location of criminal
• Natural disaster and its impact– Flood, fire, earthquake
Other used
Software
• OpenGeoDa 09.09.12• AURIN PORTAL
• Choose or import your dataset
• Spatialise your dataset
• Create your weight matrix
Step in AURIN portal
• Calculate the Local Moran’s I statistics
• Visualise the result
Step in AURIN portal (2)
• Percentage is mainly used but comparing the result to the result in number is often important
Analyse in AURIN portal