Spanish Regular Verbs
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Transcript of Spanish Regular Verbs
Spanish Regular Verbs
Elizabeth Navedo ArbeláezS00069808ENGL 360
Contrastive Analysis of English and SpanishProfessor: Dr. Evelyn Lugo Morales
Spanish Regular Verbs
Spanish Regular Verbs
• Spanish Regular Verbs are those verbs that conjugate in a totally uniform way, without modifying their stem, and empolying the corresponding ending in every mode and time to the conjugaction to which it belongs.
• In the Spanish Regular Verbs the stem is the part that expreses it’s infinitive way.
• It identifies the action that the verb enunciates • Verbs in Spanish act differently from verbs in English• Infinitive is the unconjugated form of a verb, such as " to
write," " to be," " to want," " to run."• Conjugation is the process of changing the form of a verb
to reflect the desired tense and subject
Spanish Regular Verbs• Verbs in Spanish not only contain information about when the action took place
(the tense), but also who performed the action (the subject). • In Spanish there are three categories of verbs: -ar; -er; and -ir.• The unstressed present tense endings for -er and -ir verbs are essentially the
same as for -ar verbs, except that the a vowel of the ending is replaced by e (so instead of -as, the tú form ends in -es etc):
Person Ending Example with COMER
Example with VIVIR
Example with AMAR
yo – I o yo como – I eat yo vivo – I live yo amo – I love
tú – you
es / as tú comes – you eat tú vives – you live tú amas – you love
él/ella he/she
e / a el / ella come – he /she eats
el / ella vive - he / she lives
el/ella ama – he / she loves
ellos/ ellas – they
en / an ellos / ellas comen they eat
ellos/ellas viven -they live
ellos/ellas aman - they love
Spanish Verbs
• There are many Spanish verbs (like ser and estar) that convey distinctions in meanings that do not exist in English.
•
• All Spanish verbs are either "regular" or "irregular• Spanish verbs have many more possibilities in its simple forms. • Spanish verbs pack all of the following into a single word form:
verb stem + tense marker + person marker
Singular Subject Plural Subject
Yo (I) soy Nosotros/as (we) somos
Tú (familiar you) eres Vosotros/as (familiar you) sois
Usted, él, ella (polite you, he, she)
es Ustedes, ellos, ellas (you, them)
son
• For example, the word veíamos is from the Spanish verb ver, meaning to see, to watch.
• The form veíamos normally means something like "we were watching" (as in we were watching TV), and can be broken down into the following parts:
The verb stem: ve-, which identifies which verb it is
The tense marker: -ía-, which marks this form as a tense
usually referred to as the imperfect
The person marker: -mos, meaning "we"
Spanish Verbs
Spanish Regular Verbs
Verb Pr Part Pa Part Present Preterit Imperfect Future Imperative
Reg. -ar
hablando hablado Hablo, as, a, amos, an
Hablé,aste, ó
Hablaba, s, mos, n
Hablaré, ás, á, emos, án
Habla, hablad
Reg. -er
comiendo comido Como, es, e, emos, en
Comí, iste, ió, imos, ieron
Comía, s, mos, n
Comeré, ás, á, emos, án
Come, comed
Reg.-ir
viviendo vivido Vivo, es, e, imos, en
Viví, iste, ió, imos, ieron
Vivía, s, mos, n
Viviré, ás, á, emos, án
Vive, vivid
It is important to know the stem of the verb so that you can add the endings to it, like the stem of hablar is habl, comer: com, vivir: viv. I speak = yo + habl+o = yo hablo. present participle, past participle, present indicative, preterit indicative, Imperfect indicative, future indicative, imperative (Commands).
Spanish Verbs
• The above formula of stem + tense + person makes things look simpler than they actually are.
• In many verb forms, there are complications in how these parts are actually put together.
• Some verbs have irregular stems, which in turn can depend on the tense. So in that sense, the "stem" and "tense" part of the verb form aren't quite so separate all the time.
• Although the ending -mos works for all forms, other persons such as the I form, can actually have different endings depending on the tense.
• The "tense" and "person ending" parts of the verb form aren't always quite so separate either.
Spanish Regular Verb in Present Tense
Preterit indicative (pretérito de indicativo
Yo Tú Ud./él/ella Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Uds./ellos/ellas
HablarSpeak/talk
HabloI speak
HablasYou speak
HablaHe/she speaks
HablamosWe speak
Habláis HablanThey speak
ComerEat
ComoI eat
ComesYou eat
ComeHe/she eat
ComemosWe eat
Coméis ComenThey eat
VivirLive
VivoI live
VivesYou live
ViveHe/she lives
VivimosWe live
Vivís VivenThey live
Contrast between English and Spanish
In English, the subject has to be specified before the verb
• I write (present tense)• I wrote (past tense)• We will write (future
tense)
In Spanish, the information can be contained in a single word.
• Escribo (present tense)• Escribiste (preterit past
tense)• Escribiremos (future
tense)
Spanish
hablar• yo hablo • usted habla• nosotros/as hablamos• ustedes hablan
comer • yo como • usted come• nosotros/as comemos• ustedes comen
vivir• yo vivo• usted vive• nosotros/as vivimos• ustedes viven
English
to speak • I speak• you speak• we speak• you-all speak
to eat• I eat• you eat• we eat• you-all eat
to live• I live• you live• we live• you-all live
Contrast between English and Spanish
Functions of Spanish Regular Verbs
Imperfect tense
Imperative
Future tense
Preterit
Conditional tense
Imperfect tense
• A past tense that is a single word in Spanish (i.e. it is a simple tense)
• Often translated in English by used to … or was / were … ing• Generally used to describe an event or state but without viewing
its “end point”• The form of the imperfect tense in Spanish fall in two patterns: -ar; -er; and -ir. • The form of the imperfect tense of –ar verbs which are based on
the ending -aba plus a person ending in some cases.• The form of the imperfect tense of -er and -ir verbs is formed
using a different set of endings. • The basic pattern is that the infinitive ending (-er or -ir) is
replaced with -ía. Then, regular person endings are added where necessary.
• Almost all verbs commonly classed as "irregular" ending in -er/-ir also follow this pattern.
Person Stem - aba form
Person ending
Imperfect form
yo
-aba- -s-
CantabaI used to sing; I was singing
Cantabas You used to sing; you were singing
tú
él/ella Cantaba He/she used to sing ; he/ she was singing
nosotros-as Cant- -ába- mos Cantábamos We used to sing; we were singing
vosotros-as
-aba-
-is- CantabaisYou (all )used to sing; you were (all) singing
-n-CantabanThey used to sing; they were singingellos/ellas
Imperfect tense of –ar verbs
- ar verbs have imperfect tense forms ending in – aba – (plus a person ending)
Imperfect tense of –er and –ir verb
Person Ending Example
Yo -ía Hacer > hacía I was making/doing, I used to to/make
Tú -ías Comer > comías You were eating, you used to eat
Él/ellas -ía Escribir > escrbía He/she was writing, he/she used to write
Nosotros, -as -íamos Leer > leíamosWe were reading, we used to write
Vosotros, - as -íais Vender > vendíais You were (all) selling, you (all) used to sell
Ellos/ellas -ían Correr > corrían They wer running, they used to run
Adding -ía then the person endings, this gives the following endings for the imperfect of -er and -ir verbs:
Future Tense
• Spanish verbs have a single-word form that carries roughly the meaning of English will or 'll (as in we will try, he'll eat, they'll come etc).
• The future tense of most verbs consists of the infinitive plus an ending.
• Occasionally, a slightly modified form of the infinitive is used (vendrá, not venirá).
Future indicative (futuro indictivo)
yo tú Usted/él/ella
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ustedes/ellos/ellas
HablarSpeak/talk
HablaréI will speak/Talk
HablarásYou will speak/Talk
HablaráHe/she will speak/talk
HablaremosWe will speak/talk
Hablaréis HablaránThey will speak/talk
ComerEat
ComeréI will eat
ComerásYou will eat
ComeráHe/she will eat
ComeremosWe will eat
Comeréis ComeránThey will eat
VivirLive
ViviréI will live
VivirásYou will live
ViviráHe/she will live
ViviremosWe will live
Viviréis Vivirán They will live
Conditional Verb Forms
• Spanish has a single-word verb form that roughly corresponds to English would/'d ....
• It generally expresses either (a) something that would happen based on a condition (the condition may be implied rather than stated), or (b) future-in-the-past.
Examples of Spanish conditional forms:
lo haría si... I'd do it if... dijo que vendría he said he'd come
Spanish Regular Verb Preterit (past tense)
Preterit indicative(pretérito de indicativo)
yo tú usted/él/ella
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ustedes/ellos/ellas
HablarSpeak/talked
HabléI spoke/talked
HablasteYou spoke/Talked
HablóHe/she spoke/talked
HablamosWe spoke/talked
hablasteis HablaronThey spoke/Talked
ComerEat
ComíI ate
ComisteYou ate
ComióHe/she ate
ComimosWe ate
comisteis ComieronThey ate
VivirLive
VivíI lived
viviste You lived
VivióHe/she lived
VivimosWe lived
vivisteis VivieronThey lived
The Preterit is equal to the past tense.
Spanish Regular Imperative Verbs
Commands(Mandatos)
Tú Vosotros/as Usted Ustedes
HablarSpeak
¡Habla!¡No hables!
¡Hablad!¡No habléis!
¡Hable¡No hable!
¡Hablen! ¡No hablen!
ComerEat
¡Come! ¡No comas!
¡Comed! ¡No comáis!
¡Coma! ¡No coma!
¡Coman! ¡No coman!
VivirLive
¡Vive ¡No vivas!
¡Vivid! ¡No viváis!
¡Viva! ¡No viva!
¡Vivan! ¡No vivan!
The imperative or command verb in Spanish are like giving orders to others.
References
• http://www.rocketlanguages.com/spanish/resources/spanish_verbs.php
• http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/regverb1.htm• http://www.escueladigital.com.uy/espaniol/verbos_reg.htm• http://
www.espanol-ingles.com.mx/spanish-grammar/verbs_introduction.shtml
• http://quizlet.com/334380/regular-spanish-verbs-meanings-flash-cards/
• http://spanish.speak7.com/spanish_regular_verbs.htm