Spanish - Lone Star College SystemI was cooking and I burned my hand! ¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé...

Mango Educator Edition™

Spanish

Unit 3Course Guide

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Table of Contents

Table of ContentsChapter 1: At the HospitalChapter 2: Culture, Literature, and ArtChapter 3: HistoryChapter 4: Express Thoughts and FeelingsChapter 5: Higher LearningChapter 6: Name OriginsChapter 7: Dietary RestrictionsChapter 8: Physical DescriptionsChapter 9: Getting Ready for the PartyChapter 10: Sports and FitnessVocabulary ReviewPhrase ReviewCultural NotesGrammar Notes

Chapter 1: At the Hospital En el Hospital

Chapter 1: At the Hospital

Conversational GoalsDescribe Feelings of Pain and IllnessName a Kind of MedicineRespond to Medical Questions

Grammar GoalsLearn the Form for the First Person SimplePast TensePractice More Verbs in the Imperative FormUse More Reflexive VerbsUse the First Person Imperfect Tense ofEstar

ConversationEnglish Spanish

What happened to you? Let me see. ¿Qué le pasó? Déjeme ver. (keh leh pahSOH DEHhehmeh behr)

I was cooking and I burned my hand!¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé la mano! (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh ee mehkehMEH lah MAHnoh)

What do you feel? ¿Qué siente? (keh SYEHNteh)

A very sharp pain. Un dolor muy agudo. (oon dohLOHR mwee ahGOOdthoh)

It's not serious but you need to treat the burn.No es grave pero necesita tratar laquemadura. (noh ehs GRAHbeh PEHroh nehsehSEEtahtrahTAHR lah kehmahDTHOOrah)

This prescription is for the cream that you need.Esta receta es para la crema que necesita.(EHStah rrehSEHtah ehs PAHrah lahKREHmah keh nehsehSEEtah)

Put it on twice a day for four days.Póngasela dos veces al día por cuatrodías. (POHNgahsehlah dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEahpohr KWAHtroh DEEahs)

Thanks, doctor. Gracias, doctor. (GRAHsyahs dohkTOHR)

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I was cooking and I burned my hand!¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé la mano!

English Spanish

1 I was cooking and I burned my hand!¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé lamano! (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh ee mehkehMEH lah MAHnoh)

2 to burn oneself quemarse (kehMAHRseh)

3 I burned myself me quemé (meh kehMEH)

4 hand mano (MAHnoh)

5 I burned my hand! ¡Me quemé la mano! (meh kehMEH lah MAHnoh)

6You might have said, *Me quemé mi mano. But, since me quemé already means, "I burnedmyself," it is not necessary to say that it was your hand. In Spanish, you simply say "the hand,"as in, "I burned myself on the hand."

7 was estaba (ehstAHbah)

8 I was cooking. Estaba cocinando. (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh)

9 hot caliente (kahLYEHNteh)

10Just a note, caliente is used to describe nouns such as hot water, food, etc. For example, Lacomida está caliente (The food is hot). But don't use this adjective to describe feeling hot, asin I'm hot. Using caliente in this way actually carries sexual connotations!

11 hot water agua caliente (AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

12 with hot water con agua caliente (kohn AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

13 I burned myself with hot water! ¡Me quemé con agua caliente! (meh kehMEH kohn AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

14 I was cooking lasagna and I burned myselfwith hot water!

¡Estaba cocinando lasagna y me quemécon agua caliente! (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh lahSAHnyahee meh kehMEH kohn AHwahkahLYEHNteh)

15You may be familiar with the English proverb "Better safe than sorry." In Spanish we say Esmejor prevenir que curar which translates to "It is better to prevent than to cure," meaningthat prevention is the key to avoiding accidents!

16 to run correr (kohRRER)


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Continued on next page


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English Spanish

17 running corriendo (kohRRYEHNdoh)

18 I was running. Estaba corriendo. (ehsTAHbah kohRRYEHNdoh)

19 to fracture fracturar (frahktooRAHR)

20 I fractured fracturé (frahktooREH)

21 I broke... (I fractured myself.)

Me fracturé ... (meh frahktooREH)

22 leg pierna (PYEHRnah)

23 I broke my leg. (I fractured the leg.)

Me fracturé la pierna. (meh frahktooREH lah PYEHRnah)

24 I was running and I broke my leg.Estaba corriendo y me fracturé lapierna. (ehsTAHbah kohRRYEHNdoh ee mehfrahktooREH lah PYEHRnah)

25 You just learned the past tense "I burned myself" (me quemé) and "I broke" (me fracturé). Now apply this pattern to the next slide.

26 I fainted. Me desmayé. (meh dehsmahYEH)

27 I was running and I fainted.Estaba corriendo y me desmayé. (ehsTAHbah kohRRYEHNdoh ee mehdehsmahYEH)

28 arm brazo (BRAHsoh)

29 I broke my arm. Me fracturé el brazo. (meh frahktooREH ehl BRAHsoh)

30 I fainted and I think that I broke my arm.Me desmayé y creo que me fracturé elbrazo. (meh dehsmahYEH ee KREHoh keh mehfrahktooREH ehl BRAHsoh)

31 playing jugando (hooGAHNdoh)

32 I was playing and I fainted.Estaba jugando y me desmayé. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ee mehdehsmahYEH)

33 I was playing basketball. Estaba jugando al básquet. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ahl BAHSkeht)

34 I was playing basketball and I think that Ibroke my arm.

Estaba jugando al básquet y creo queme fracturé el brazo. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ahl BAHSkehtee KREHoh keh meh frahktooREH ehl


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BRAHsoh)



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English Spanish

35 I fell me caí (meh kahYEE)

36 riding andando (ahnDAHNdoh)

37 I was riding a horse and I fell.Estaba andando a caballo y me caí. (ehsTAHbah ahnDAHNdoh ah kahBAHyohee meh kahEE)

38 I was riding a horse and I fell. I think that Ibroke my leg.

Estaba andando a caballo y me caí.Creo que me fracturé la pierna. (ehsTAHbah ahnDAHNdoh ah kahBAHyohee meh kahEE KREHoh keh mehfrahktooREH lah PYEHRnah)


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Let me see the wound. Déjeme ver la herida.English Spanish

1 Let me see the wound. Déjeme ver la herida. (DEHhehmeh behr lah ehREEdthah)

2 let me déjeme (DEHhehmeh)

3 Let me see. Déjeme ver. (DEHhehmeh behr)

4 wound herida (ehREEdthah)

5 Let me see the hand. Déjeme ver la mano. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh)

6 the wound that you have on your handla herida que tiene en la mano (lah ehREEdthah keh TYEHneh ehn lahMAHnoh)

7 Let me see the wound that you have on yourhand.

Déjeme ver la herida que tiene en lamano. (DEHhehmeh behr lah ehREEdthah kehTYEHneh ehn lah MAHnoh)

8 eye ojo (OHhoh)

9 Let me see your eye. Déjeme ver el ojo. (DEHhehmeh behr ehl OHhoh)

10 to hurt oneself lastimarse (lahsteeMAHRseh)

11 You hurt yourself. Se lastimó. (seh lahsteeMOH)

12Did you get it right? It's easy to form the past tense of reflexive verbs like quemarse. You usethe same pattern as for any other regular verb. Just remember to move the reflexive pronoun (e.g., se, te, or me) to the front of the verb.

13 Let me see the eye that you hurt.Déjeme ver el ojo que se lastimó. (DEHhehmeh behr ehl OHhoh keh sehlahsteeMOH)

14 Let me see the hand that you hurt.Déjeme ver la mano que se lastimó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh sehlahsteeMOH)

15 You burned yourself. Se quemó. (seh kehMOH)

16 Let me see the hand that you burned.Déjeme ver la mano que se quemó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh sehkehMOH)

17 you broke se fracturó (seh frahktooROH)


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English Spanish

18 Let me see the leg that you broke.Déjeme ver la pierna que se fracturó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah PYEHRnah keh sehfrahktooROH)

19 Does it hurt? ¿Le duele? (leh DWEHleh)

20 Where does it hurt? ¿Dónde le duele? (DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

21 Let me see where it hurts. Déjeme ver donde le duele. (DEHhehmeh behr DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

22 Does it hurt? ¿Te duele? (teh DWEHleh)

23 let me déjame (DEHhahmeh )

24 Does it hurt? Let me see. ¿Te duele? Déjame ver. (teh DWEHleh DEHhahmeh behr)

25 Let me see the hand. Déjame ver la mano. (DEHhahmeh behr lah MAHnoh)

26 Let me see the hand that hurts.Déjame ver la mano que te duele. (DEHhahmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh tehDWEHleh)


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I feel a very sharp pain.Siento un dolor muy agudo.

English Spanish

1 I feel a very sharp pain.Siento un dolor muy agudo. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR mweeahGOOdthoh)

2 I feel siento (SYEHNtoh)

3 I feel a pain. Siento un dolor. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR)

4 sharp agudo (ahGOOdthoh)

5 a sharp pain un dolor agudo (oon dohLOHR ahGOOdthoh)

6 chest pecho (PEHchoh)

7 I feel a sharp pain in my chest.Siento un dolor agudo en el pecho. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR ahGOOdthohehn ehl PEHchoh)

8 discomfort molestia (mohLEHStyah)

9 a discomfort in my stomachuna molestia en el estómago (OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlehsTOHmahgoh)

10 I feel a discomfort in my stomach.Siento una molestia en el estómago. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlehsTOHmahgoh)

11 serious grave (GRAHbeh)

12 Is it serious? ¿Es grave? (ehs GRAHbeh)

13 It's not serious. No es grave. (noh ehs GRAHbeh)

14 I feel a discomfort in my chest.Siento una molestia en el pecho. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlPEHchoh)

15 I feel a discomfort in my chest but it's notserious.

Siento una molestia en el pecho perono es grave. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlPEHchoh PEHroh noh ehs GRAHbeh)

16 itch comezón (kohmehSOHN)

17 My arm itches. (I feel an itch on the arm.)

Siento comezón en el brazo. (SYEHNtoh kohmehSOHN ehn ehl


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(I feel an itch on the arm.) BRAHsoh)



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English Spanish

18 What do you feel? ¿Qué siente? (keh SYEHNteh)

19 Does it itch? (Do you feel itch?)

¿Siente comezón? (SYEHNteh kohmehSOHN)


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This prescription is for the painkillers.Esta receta es para los calmantes.

English Spanish

1 This prescription is for the painkillers.Esta receta es para los calmantes. (EHStah rrehSEHtah ehs PAHrah lohskahlMAHNtehs)

2 prescription receta (rrehSEHtah)

3 this prescription esta receta (EHStah rrehSEHtah)

4 painkillers calmantes (kahlMAHNtehs)

5 for the painkillers para los calmantes (PAHrah lohs kahlMAHNtehs)

6 Do you have the prescription for thepainkillers?

¿Tiene la receta para los calmantes? (TYEHneh lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lohskahlMAHNtehs)

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In many Latin American countries, it is not necessary to have a prescription to purchasemedicine. Although the law says that you must have a prescription for drugs beyond commoncough and cold medications, and pain relievers, some governments are not strict about this. It isfairly common to be able to buy antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, birth control, and other drugsover the counter. Sometimes a person may even discuss symptoms with the pharmacist, whowill recommend a medication.

8 antibiotic antibiótico (ahnteeBYOHteekoh)

9 Here is the prescription for the antibiotics.Aquí está la receta para losantibióticos. (ahKEE ehsTAH lah rrehSEHtah PAHrahlohs ahnteeBYOHteekohs)

10 Is this the prescription for the antibiotics?¿Esta es la receta para los antibióticos?(EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lohsahnteeBYOHteekohs)

11 to prescribe recetar (rrehsehTAHR)

12 he prescribed él recetó (ehl rrehsehTOH)

13 he prescibed...to me él me recetó (ehl meh rrehsehTOH)

14 He prescribed antibiotics to me. Me recetó antibióticos. (meh rrehsehTOH ahnteeBYOHteekohs)

15 The doctor prescribed antibiotics to me.El doctor me recetó antibióticos. (ehl dohkTOHR meh rrehsehTOHahnteeBYOHteekohs)

16 You may also hear people use the word médico to refer to the doctor. Doctor and médico aresynonyms and can be used interchangeably.


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English Spanish

17 In Spanish, there's a proverb that says: Una manzana al día del médico te salvaría, whichliterally translates as, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."

18 vitamin vitamina (beetahMEEnah)

19 This is the prescription for the vitamins.Esta es la receta para las vitaminas. (EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lahsbeetahMEEnahs)

20 that the doctor prescribed to me que me recetó el doctor (keh meh rrehsehTOH ehl dohkTOHR)

21 This is the prescription for the vitamins thatthe doctor prescribed to me.

Esta es la receta para las vitaminas queme recetó el doctor. (EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lahsbeetahMEEnahs keh meh rrehsehTOH ehldohkTOHR)


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Are you allergic to any medication?¿Es usted alérgico a algún medicamento?

English Spanish

1 Are you allergic to any medication?¿Es usted alérgico a algúnmedicamento? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh ahahlGOON mehdtheekahMEHNtoh)

2 allergic alérgico (ahLEHRheekoh)

3 Are you allergic? ¿Es usted alérgico? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh)

4 medication medicamento (mehdtheekahMEHNtoh)

5 You probably recall that we learned the word medicina to refer tomedicine. Medicina and medicamento are synonyms and can be used interchangeably.

6 any medication algún medicamento (ahlGOON mehdtheekahMEHNtoh)

7 I'm allergic. Soy alérgica. (soy ahLEHRheekah)

8 I'm allergic to some medications.Soy alérgico a algunos medicamentos. (soy ahLEHRheekoh ah ahlGOOnohsmehdtheekahMEHNtohs)

9 bee abeja (ahbEHhah)

10 allergic to bees alérgico a las abejas (ahLEHRheekoh ah lahs ahBEHhahs)

11 Are you allergic to bees?¿Es usted alérgico a las abejas? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh ah lahsahBEHhahs)

12 Are you allergic to any food?¿Eres alérgica a alguna comida? (EHrehs ahLEHRheekah ah ahlGOOnahkohMEEdthah)

13 Are you allergic to seafood?¿Eres alérgico a los mariscos? (EHrehs ahLEHRheekoh ah lohsmahREESkohs)

14 I'm not allergic to seafood.No soy alérgico a los mariscos. (noh soy ahLEHRheekoh ah lohsmahREESkohs)

15 What are you allergic to? ¿A qué es alérgico? (ah keh ehs ahLEHRheekoh)

16 Are you allergic to anything? ¿Es alérgico a algo? (ehs ahLEHRheekoh ah AHLgoh)

17 penicillin penicilina (pehneeseeLEEnah)


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English Spanish

18 Are you allergic to penicillin?¿Es alérgica a la penicilina? (ehs ahLEHRheekah ah lahpehneeseeLEEnah)

19 I'm allergic to penicillin.Soy alérgica a la penicilina. (soy ahLEHRheekah ah lahpehneeseeLEEnah)


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It's not a serious injury so you can go home.No es una lesión grave así que puede ir a casa.

English Spanish

1 It's not a serious injury so you can go home.No es una lesión grave así que puede ira casa. (noh ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbehahSEE keh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

2 injury lesión (lehSYOHN)

3 serious injury lesión grave (lehSYOHN GRAHbeh)

4 It is a serious injury. Es una lesión grave. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh)

5 It's not a serious injury. No es una lesión grave. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh)

6 so (so that)

así que (ahSEE keh)

7 You can go. Puede ir. (PWEHdtheh eer)

8 to go home (to go to house)

ir a casa (eer ah KAHsah)

9 So you can go home. Así que puede ir a casa. (ahSEE keh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

10 So it is not a serious wound.Así que no es una herida grave. (ahSEE keh noh ehs OOnah ehREEdthahGRAHbeh)

11 You have to stay. Tiene que quedarse. (TYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRseh)

12 So you have to stay in the hospital.Así que tiene que quedarse en elhospital. (ahSEE keh TYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRsehehn ehl ohspeeTAHL)

13In many Latin American countries, the medical care system is quite good. Generally speakingyou don't need a health insurance plan to see a doctor. You can go to public hospitals to receiveproper care. Or you can go to clinicas, which are private hospitals.

14 It's a serious injury so you have to stay in thehospital.

Es una lesión grave así que tiene quequedarse en el hospital. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh ahSEEkeh TYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRseh ehn ehlohspeeTAHL)

15 minor leve (LEHbeh)

16 This is a minor injury. Esta es una lesión leve. (EHStah ehs OOnah lehSYOHN LEHbeh)


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English Spanish

17 This is a minor injury so you can go home.Esta es una lesión leve así que puede ira casa. (EHStah ehs OOnah lehSYOHN LEHbehahSEE keh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

18 fracture fractura (frahkTOOrah)

19 This is not a fracture. It's a minor injury.Esta no es una fractura. Es una lesiónleve. (EHStah noh ehs OOnah frahkTOOrah ehsOOnah lehSYOHN LEHbeh)

20 to put a cast enyesar (ehnyehSAHR)

21 to put a cast on the arm enyesar el brazo (ehnyehSAHR ehl BRAHsoh)

22 to put a cast on you enyesarle (ehnyehSAHRleh)

23 to put a cast on your arm enyesarle el brazo (ehnyehSAHRleh ehl BRAHsoh)

24 This is a fracture so I have to put a cast onyour arm.

Esta es una fractura así que tengo queenyesarle el brazo. (EHStah ehs OOnah frahkTOOrah ahSEEkeh TEHNgoh keh ehnyehSAHRleh ehlBRAHsoh)


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You need to treat that rash.Necesita tratar ese sarpullido.

English Spanish

1 You need to treat that rash.Necesita tratar ese sarpullido. (nehsehSEEtah trahTAHR EHsehsahrpooYEEdthoh)

2 to treat tratar (trahTAHR)

3 rash sarpullido (sahrpooYEEdthoh)

4 to treat that rash tratar ese sarpullido (trahTAHR EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh)

5 That rash is not serious.Ese sarpullido no es grave. (EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh noh ehsGRAHbeh)

6 to treat it tratarlo (trahTAHRloh)

7 That rash is not serious but you need to treatit.

Ese sarpullido no es grave peronecesita tratarlo. (EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh noh ehsGRAHbeh PEHroh nehsehSEEtahtrahTAHRloh)

8 cream crema (KREHmah)

9 You need cream to treat the rash.Necesita crema para tratar elsarpullido. (nehsehSEEtah KREHmah PAHrahtrahTAHR ehl sahrpooYEEdthoh)

10 Your wound is serious. Su herida es grave. (soo ehREEdthah ehs GRAHbeh)

11 Your wound is serious so you need to treat it.Su herida es grave así que necesitatratarla. (soo ehREEdthah ehs GRAHbeh ahSEE kehnehsehSEEtah trahTAHRlah)

12 burn quemadura (kehmahDTHOOrah)

13 You need to treat the burn.Necesita tratar la quemadura. (nehsehSEEtah trahTAHR lahkehmahDTHOOrah)

14 You need a cream to treat the burn.Necesita crema para tratar laquemadura. (nehsehSEEtah KREHmah PAHrahtrahTAHR lah kehmahDTHOOrah)


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Put the drops twice a day for a month.Póngase las gotas dos veces al día por un mes.

English Spanish

1 Put the drops twice a day for a month.Póngase las gotas dos veces al día porun mes. (POHNgahseh lahs GOHtahs dohsBEHsehs ahl DEEah pohr oon mehs)

2 to put poner (pohNEHR)

3 to put on oneself ponerse (pohNEHRseh)

4 put [imperative] ponga (POHNgah)

5 put on yourself [imperative] póngase (POHNgahseh)

6 drops gotas (GOHtahs)

7 Put in the drops. Póngase las gotas. (POHNgahseh lahs GOHtahs)

8 times veces (BEHsehs)

9 twice (two times)

dos veces (dohs BEHsehs)

10 times a day veces al día (BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

11 twice a day dos veces al día (dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

12 month mes (mehs)

13 twice a day for a month dos veces al día por un mes (dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEah pohr oon mehs)

14 These are the drops. Estas son las gotas. (EHStahs sohn lahs GOHtahs)

15 Put them on. Póngaselas. (POHNgahsehlahs)

16 once (one time)

una vez (OOnah behs )

17 once a day una vez al día (OOnah behs ahl DEEah)



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English Spanish

18 Put them in once a day. Póngaselas una vez al día. (POHNgahsehlahs OOnah behs ahl DEEah)

19 These are the drops. Put them in twice a day.

Estas son las gotas. Póngaselas dosveces al día. (EHStahs sohn lahs GOHtahsPOHNgahsehlahs dohs BEHsehs ahlDEEah)

20 take [imperative] tome (TOHmeh)

21 Take the antibiotic. Tome el antibiótico. (TOHmeh ehl ahnteeBYOHteekoh)

22 Take it. Tómelo. (TOHmehloh)

23 three times a day tres veces al día (trehs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

24 This is the antibiotic. Take it three times aday.

Este es el antibiótico. Tómelo tres vecesal día. (EHSteh ehs ehl ahnteeBYOHteekohTOHmehloh trehs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

25 to apply aplicar (ahpleeKAHR)

26 apply [imperative] aplique (ahPLEEkeh)

27 Apply the cream. Aplique la crema. (ahPLEEkeh lah KREHmah)

28 over the wound (on top of the wound)

sobre la herida (SOHbreh lah ehREEdthah)

29 Apply the cream over the wound.Aplique la crema sobre la herida. (ahPLEEkeh lah KREHmah SOHbreh lahehREEdthah)


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Chapter 2: Culture, Literature, and ArtChapter 2: Culture, Literature, and Art

Conversational GoalsAsk about Famous Local ArtistsSay if You Are Familiar with Someone orSomethingTalk About Famous Books and Local AuthorsTalk About Local Music

Grammar GoalsLearn More Verbs in the Third PersonPreterite Past Tense FormLearn the Preterite Past Tense Form of Verbsfor the Informal Second PersonPractice More Verbs in the Present PerfectTenseUse the Impersonal Pronoun Subjects Lo andLa


Have you read anything by Gabriel GarcíaMárquez?

¿Has leído algo de Gabriel GarcíaMárquez? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh gahBRYEHLgahrSEEah MAHRkehs)

No, but his name sounds familiar.No, pero su nombre me suena conocido. (noh PEHroh soo NOHMbreh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

There is an art festival today. Hoy hay un festival de arte. (oy ay oon fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

He will be there with other local artists.Él estará allí con otros artistas locales. (ehl ehstahRAH ahYEE kohn OHtrohsahrTEEStahs lohKAHlehs)

Who do you think will attend? ¿Quiénes crees que asistirán? (KYEHnehs KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN)

There will be painters and sculptors. Habrá pintores y escultores. (ahBRAH peenTOHrehs ee ehskoolTOHrehs)

Will there be music too? ¿Habrá música también? (ahBRAH MOOseekah tahmBYEHN)

Yes. There will be a salsa band. Si. Habrá una banda de salsa. (see ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah deh SAHLsah)

I like that music. Me gusta esa música. (meh GOOStah EHsah MOOseekah)


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Have you read anything by that author?¿Has leído algo de ese escritor?

English Spanish

1 Have you read anything by that author?¿Has leído algo de ese escritor? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh EHsehehskreeTOHR)

2 Did you remember that Spanish uses algo to mean both "something" and "anything"?

3 to read leer (lehEHR)

4 to have read haber leído (ahBEHR lehEEdthoh)

5 you have read has leído (ahs lehEEdthoh)

6 Have you read something? ¿Has leído algo? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh)

7 writer escritor (ehskreeTOHR)

8 that writer ese escritor (EHseh ehskreeTOHR)

9 something by that author (something from that writer)

algo de ese escritor (AHLgoh deh EHseh ehskreeTOHR)

10 Author can literally be translated autor. But you could use either autor (author) or escritor(writer) to refer to an author.

11 Have you read anything by Isabel Allende?¿Has leído algo de Isabel Allende? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh eesahBEHLahYEHNdeh)

12 Isabel Allende of Chile is one of the most famous female Latin American writers. Some of hermost famous novels include Paula, Zorro, and Eva Luna.

13 never nunca (NOONkah)

14 No, never. No, nunca. (noh NOONkah)

15 For this next challenge remember how we changed oír (to hear) to has oído (you have heard)and he oído (I have heard). Ready?!

16 I have read he leído (eh lehEEdthoh)

17 For this next slide assume you are referring to the female author Isabel Allende.

18 I have never read anything by that author.Nunca he leído algo de esa escritora. (NOONkah eh lehEEdthoh AHLgoh dehEHsah ehskreeTOHrah)

19 Have you read the book Paula? ¿Has leído el libro Paula? (ahs lehEEdthoh ehl LEEbroh PAHWlah)


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English Spanish

20 I have never read the book Paula.Nunca he leído el libro Paula. (NOONkah eh lehEEdthoh ehl LEEbrohPAHWlah)

21 I read leí (lehEE)

22 it lo (loh)

23 Yes, I read it. Sí, lo leí. (see loh lehEE)

24 already ya (yah)

25 I already read that book. Ya leí ese libro. (yah lehEE EHseh LEEbroh)

26 last último (OOLteemoh)

27 the last book el último libro (OOLteemoh LEEbroh)

28 I already read his last book. Ya leí su último libro. (yah lehEE soo OOLteemoh LEEbroh)

29 you read leíste (lehEESteh)

30 Did you read the last book by Laura Esquivel?¿Leíste el último libro de LauraEsquivel? (lehEESteh ehl OOLteemoh LEEbroh dehLAHWrah ehskeeBEHL)

31Laura Esquivel is a Mexican novelist. One of her best sellers is Como agua para Chocolate(Like Water for Chocolate). This book is divided into twelve sections, one for each month of theyear. The most curious thing is that each of these sections starts with a Mexican recipe. So, notonly will you enjoy a nice romantic story, but you will also have fun learning Mexican recipes!

32Do you remember the rule we learned previously for changing verbs to the present perfect tense,like "have read," "have heard," etc.? All you do is remove the -ar, -er, or -ir verb ending andreplace it with -ado (for -ar) and -ido (for -er and -ir). Ready to practice?

33 you have heard has escuchado (ahs ehskooCHAHdthoh)

34 Have you heard anything by Juanes?¿Has escuchado algo de Juanes? (ahs ehskooCHAHdthoh AHLgoh dehHWAHnehs)

35Juanes was born in Medellin, Colombia, in 1972 and today he is one of the most famousColombian singers, guitarists, and songwriters of all time. He is famous not only for his music butalso for his humanitarian work.

36 song canción (kahnSYOHN)



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English Spanish

37You already learned how to change salir (to go out) to saliste (you went out) and leer (to read)to leíste (you read). Do you see the pattern? To form the simple past tense for verbs in the"informal" you, all you do is add -ste to the end of the verb. Now you try!

38 you heard escuchaste (ehskooCHAHSteh)

39 Did you hear the song? ¿Escuchaste la canción? (ehskooCHAHSteh lah kahnSYOHN)

40 the last song la última canción (lah OOLteemah kahnSYOHN)

41 Did you hear the last song by Juanes?¿Escuchaste la última canción deJuanes? (ehskooCHAHSteh lah OOLteemahkahnSYOHN deh HWAHnehs)

42 Yes. I heard his last song.Sí. Escuché su última canción. (see ehskooCHEH soo OOLteemahkahnSYOHN)

43 you saw viste (BEESteh)

44 Did you see the movie? ¿Viste la película? (BEESteh lah pehLEEkoolah)

45 play obra de teatro (OHbrah deh tehAHtroh)

46 Did you see the play? ¿Viste la obra de teatro? (BEESteh lah OHbrah deh tehAHtroh)

47 I never saw a play but I'd like to!¡Nunca vi una obra de teatro pero megustaría! (NOONkah bee OOnah OHbrah dehtehAHtroh PEHroh meh goostahREEah)


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Do you know who wrote this novel?¿Sabes quién escribió esta novela?

English Spanish

1 Do you know who wrote this novel?¿Sabes quién escribió esta novela? (SAHbehs kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStahnohBEHlah)

2 to write escribir (ehskreeBEER)

3 Do you recall the the pattern you need to follow to form the past tense of verbs ending in -ir whenreferring to he/ she/ it? Just remember you have to replace the -r with an -ó. Ready?

4 (he) wrote escribió (ehskreeBYOH)

5 novel novela (nohBEHlah)

6 this novel esta novela (EHStah nohBEHlah)

7 Who wrote this novel? ¿Quién escribió esta novela? (kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStah nohBEHlah)

8 Do you know who...? ¿Sabes quién...? (SAHbehs kyehn)

9 Do you know who wrote this book?¿Sabes quién escribió este libro? (SAHbehs kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStehLEEbroh)

10 you know usted sabe (oosTEHDTH SAHbeh)

11 Do you know who wrote this novel?¿Usted sabe quién escribió estanovela? (oosTEHDTH SAHbeh kyehn ehskreeBYOHEHStah nohBEHlah)

12 to paint pintar (peenTAHR)

13Forming the past tense for verbs ending in -ar is simple. Remember invitar (to invite) becameinvitó (he / she invited), and acabar (to finish) became acabó (he / she finished). Now applythis pattern to the next slide.

14 (she) painted pintó (peenTOH)

15 Who painted this painting? ¿Quién pintó este cuadro? (kyehn peenTOH EHSteh KWAHdthroh)

16 Excuse me, do you know who painted thispainting?

Disculpe, ¿usted sabe quién pintó estecuadro? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH SAHbeh kyehnpeenTOH EHSteh KWAHdthroh)

17 What book did Carlos Fuentes write?¿Qué libro escribió Carlos Fuentes? (keh LEEbroh ehskreeBYOH KAHRlohs


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FWEHNtehs)



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English Spanish

18Carlos Fuentes is one of Latin America's most known living novelists and essayists. Although hehas written essays, screenplays, dramas, and short stories, he is best known for novels that useinnovative narrative techniques to illustrate the Mexican history.

19 Do you know what book Carlos Fuentes wrote?¿Sabes qué libro escribió CarlosFuentes? (SAHbehs keh LEEbroh ehskreeBYOHKAHRlohs FWEHNtehs)


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A singer from this city composed it.Un cantante de esta ciudad la compuso.

English Spanish

1 A singer from this city composed it.Un cantante de esta ciudad lacompuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh deh EHStahsyooDTHAHDTH lah kohmPOOsoh)

2 to compose componer (kohmpohNEHR)

3 (he) composed compuso (kohmPOOsoh)

4 For the next slide, remember we are referring to la canción (the song).

5 (he) composed it la compuso (lah kohmPOOsoh)

6 Did you get it right? You need to change lo to la since we are referring to the song.

7 singer cantante (kahnTAHNteh)

8 A singer composed it. Un cantante la compuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh lah kohmPOOsoh)

9 from this city de esta ciudad (deh EHStah syooDTHAHDTH)

10 a singer from this cityun cantante de esta ciudad (oon kahnTAHNteh deh EHStahsyooDTHAHDTH)

11 Who composed this song? ¿Quién compuso esta canción? (kyehn kohmPOOsoh EHStah kahnSYOHN)

12 Who composed it? ¿Quién la compuso? (kyehn lah kohmPOOsoh)

13 A singer from Mexico composed it.Un cantante de México la compuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh deh MEHheekoh lahkohmPOOsoh)

14 Who wrote this play?¿Quién escribió esta obra de teatro? (kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStah OHbrah dehtehAHtroh)

15 Colombia Colombia (kohLOHMbyah)

16 For this next challenge, assume you are referring to el libro.

17 A writer from Colombia wrote it.Un escritor de Colombia lo escribió. (oon ehskreeTOHR deh kohLOHMbyah lohehskreeBYOH)

18 painter pintor (peenTOHR)


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English Spanish

19 local local (lohKAHL)

20 a local painter un pintor local (oon peenTOHR lohKAHL)

21 A local painter painted this painting.Un pintor local pintó este cuadro. (oon peenTOHR lohKAHL peenTOH EHStehKWAHdthroh)

22 (he) painted it lo pintó (loh peenTOH)

23 Do you like the painting? A local painterpainted it.

¿Te gusta el cuadro? Un pintor local lopintó. (teh GOOStah ehl KWAHdthroh oonpeenTOHR lohKAHL loh peenTOH)

24 liked gustó (goosTOH)

25 Did you like it? (You liked?)

¿Te gustó? (teh goosTOH)

26 Did you like the book? ¿Te gustó el libro? (teh goosTOH ehl LEEbroh)

27 Did you like the book? A local author wrote it.¿Te gustó el libro? Un escritor local loescribió. (teh goosTOH ehl LEEbroh oonehskreeTOHR lohKAHL loh ehskreeBYOH)

28 Did you like the song? A local singercomposed it.

¿Te gustó la canción? Un cantante localla compuso. (teh goosTOH lah kahnSYOHN oonkahnTAHNteh lohKAHL lah kohmPOOsoh)


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His name sounds familiar to me.Su nombre me suena conocido.

English Spanish

1 His name sounds familiar to me.Su nombre me suena conocido. (soo NOHMbreh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

2 to sound sonar (sohNAHR)

3 (it) sounds suena (SWEHnah)

4 it sounds to me me suena (meh SWEHnah )

5 familiar conocido (kohnohSEEdthoh)

6 it sounds familiar suena conocido (SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

7 It sounds familiar to me. Me suena conocido. (meh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

8 his name su nombre (soo NOHMbreh)

9 His last name sounds familiar to me.Su apellido me suena conocido. (soo ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

10 the name of the book el nombre del libro (ehl NOHMbreh dehl LEEbroh)

11 The name of the book sounds familiar to me.El nombre del libro me suena conocido.(ehl NOHMbreh dehl LEEbroh mehSWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

12 That song sounds familiar to me!¡Esa canción me suena conocida! (EHsah kahnSYOHN meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthah)

13 it sounds to you te suena (teh SWEHnah)

14 Does it sound familiar to you? ¿Te suena conocido? (teh sooEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

15 Does this song sound familiar to you?¿Te suena conocida esta canción? (teh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthah EHStahkahnSYOHN)

16 Does it sound...to you? ¿Le suena...? (leh SWEHnah)

17In Spanish, you can actually use ¿Le suena? as a question. Therefore, you can say Este es elnombre del cantante. ¿Le suena? (This is the name of the singer. Does it sound familiar toyou?)


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English Spanish

18 Does it sound familiar to you? ¿Le suena conocido? (leh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

19 the name of the singer el nombre del cantante (ehl NOHMbreh dehl kahnTAHNteh)

20 The name of the singer doesn't sound familiarto me.

El nombre del cantante no me suenaconocido. (ehl NOHMbreh dehl kahnTAHNteh nohmeh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

21 Who sings it? ¿Quién la canta? (kyehn lah KAHNtah)

22 This song sounds familiar to me. Who sings it?Esta canción me suena conocida.¿Quién la canta? (EHStah kahnSYOHN meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthah kyehn lah KAHNtah)


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There will be a band that will play salsa.Habrá una banda que tocará salsa.

English Spanish

1 There will be a band that will play salsa.Habrá una banda que tocará salsa. (ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah keh tohkahRAHSAHLsah)

2 there will be habrá (ahBRAH)

3 band banda (BAHNdah)

4 There will be a band. Habrá una banda. (ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah)

5 to play (music) tocar (tohKAHR)

6 will play tocará (tohkahRAH)

7 A band will play. Tocará una banda. (tohkahRAH OOnah BAHNdah)

8 salsa salsa (SAHLsah)

9 A band will play salsa. Una banda tocará salsa. (OOnah BAHNdah tohkahRAH SAHLsah)

10 What will there be? ¿Qué habrá? (keh ahBRAH)

11 festival festival (fehsteeBAHL)

12 art arte (AHRteh)

13 art festival festival de arte (fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

14 There will be an art festival. Habrá un festival de arte. (ahBRAH oon fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

15 What will there be at the art festival?¿Qué habrá en el festival de arte? (keh ahBRAH ehn ehl fehsteeBAHL dehAHRteh)

16 There will be two bands. Habrá dos bandas. (ahBRAH dohs BAHNdahs)

17 a lot of painters muchos pintores (MOOchohs peenTOHrehs)



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English Spanish

18 There will be two bands and a lot of paintersat the art festival.

En el festival de arte habrá dos bandasy muchos pintores. (ehn ehl fehsteeBAHL deh AHRtehahBRAH dohs BAHNdahs ee MOOchohspeenTOHrehs)

19 samba samba (SAHMbah)

20 The other band will play samba.La otra banda tocará samba. (lah OHtrah BAHNdah tohkahRAHSAHMbah)

21 One band will play salsa and the other one willplay samba.

Una banda tocará salsa y la otra tocarásamba. (OOnah BAHNdah tohkahRAH SAHLsah eelah OHtrah tohkahRAH SAHMbah)

22 There will be a lot of writers at the art festival.Habrá muchos escritores en el festivalde arte. (ahBRAH MOOchohs ehskreeTOHrehs ehnehl fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

23 tango tango (TAHNgoh)

24 tango band banda de tango (BAHNdah deh TAHNgoh)

25 Will there be tango bands? ¿Habrá bandas de tango? (ahBRAH BAHNdahs deh TAHNgoh)

26 they will play (music) tocarán (tohkahRAHN)

27 For this next slide, remember that if the subject of the sentence is plural then the verb must alsobe in the plural form. Ready?

28 There will be a lot of bands that will playtango.

Habrá muchas bandas que tocarántango. (ahBRAH MOOchahs BAHNdahs kehtohkahRAHN TAHNgoh)

29 mambo mambo (MAHMboh)

30 Do you like mambo? ¿Te gusta el mambo? (teh GOOStah ehl MAHMboh)

31 Did you notice that Spanish uses the article el / la before the kind of music?

32 Do you like mambo? There will be a mamboband at the festival.

¿Te gusta el mambo? En el festivalhabrá una banda de mambo. (teh GOOStah ehl MAHMboh ehn ehlfehsteeBAHL ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdahdeh MAHMboh)


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Who do you think will attend the event?¿Quiénes crees que asistirán al evento?

English Spanish

1 Who do you think will attend the event?¿Quiénes crees que asistirán al evento? (KYEHnehs KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHNahl ehBEHNtoh)

2 to attend asistir (ahseesTEER )

3 (they) will attend asistirán (ahseesteeRAHN)

4 who quiénes (KYEHnehs)

5 Who will attend? ¿Quiénes asistirán? (KYEHnehs ahseesteeRAHN)

6 event evento (ehBEHNtoh)

7In Spanish, just like in English, you can use both "to go" or "to attend" to ask who will go to anevent. Actually, you use the same structure, e.g., "to go to the event," even when you use theverb "to attend." So, for this next challenge try using the verb "to attend" with "to the event."

8 Will they attend the event? ¿Asistirán al evento? (ahseesteeRAHN ahl ehBEHNtoh)

9 you believe crees (KREHehs)

10 Do you think that they will attend? (Do you believe that they will attend?)

¿Crees que asistirán? (KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN)

11 Who do you think will attend? (Who do you believe that will attend? )

¿Quiénes crees que asistirán? (KYEHnehs KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN)

12 will be estará (ehstahRAH)

13 Will he be there? ¿Él estará allí? (ehl ehstahRAH ahYEE)

14 Who will be there? ¿Quiénes estarán allí? (KYEHnehs ehstahRAHN ahYEE)

15 artist artista (ahrTEEStah)

16 local artists artistas locales (ahrTEEStahs lohKAHlehs)



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English Spanish

17 Will local artists attend?¿Asistirán artistas locales? (ahseesteeRAHN ahrTEEStahslohKAHlehs)

18 Do you know if local artists will attend?¿Sabes si asistirán artistas locales? (SAHbehs see ahseesteeRAHNahrTEEStahs lohKAHlehs)

19 I think that many local artists will attend theevent.

Creo que muchos artistas localesasistirán al evento. (KREHoh keh MOOchohs ahrTEEStahslohKAHlehs ahseesteeRAHN ahlehBEHNtoh)

20 sculptor escultor (ehskoolTOHR)

21 What sculptors will be there? ¿Qué escultores estarán allí? (keh ehskoolTOHrehs ehstahRAHN ahYEE)

22 famous famoso (fahMOHsoh)

23 famous sculptor escultor famoso (ehskoolTOHR fahMOHsoh)

24 the most famous sculptors los escultores más famosos (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohs)

25 the most famous sculptors of the citylos escultores más famosos de laciudad (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohsdeh lah syooDTHAHDTH)

26 The most famous sculptors of the city willattend the event.

Los escultores más famosos de laciudad asistirán al evento. (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohsdeh lah syooDTHAHDTH ahseesteeRAHNahl ehBEHNtoh)


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Chapter 3: History Historia

Chapter 3: History

Conversational GoalsAsk About Wars or Other Important EventsDiscuss the Countries' OriginsTalk About Local Historical People

Grammar GoalsForm the Imperfect Past TensePractice the Present Perfect TenseUse the Numerical Form for YearsUse the Preterite Tense in Second PersonSingular and Plural


Grandfather, has Chile always been a republic?Abuelo, ¿Chile siempre ha sido unarepública? (ahBWEHloh CHEEleh SYEHMpreh ahSEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekah)

No. In the beginning Chile formed part of theSpanish monarchy.

No. Al principio Chile formó parte de lamonarquía española. (noh ahl preenSEEpyoh CHEEleh fohrMOHPAHRteh deh lah mohnahrKEEahehspahNYOHlah)

Thanks to San Martín Chile and other countriesbecame independent from Spain.

Gracias a San Martín, Chile y otros paísesse independizaron de España. (GRAHsyahs ah sahn mahrTEEN CHEEleh eeOHtrohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn deh ehsPAHnyah)

Did that occur long ago?¿Eso ocurrió hace mucho tiempo? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchohTYEHMpoh)

Yes, after the battle of Maipú.Sí, después de la batalla de Maipú. (see dehsPWEHS deh lah bahTAHyah dehmayPOO)

How interesting! ¡Qué interesante! (keh eentehrehSAHNteh)

But many terrible things happened.Pero pasaron muchas cosas terribles. (PEHroh pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs)


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Yes, battles are terrible. Sí, las batallas son terribles. (see lahs bahTAHyahs sohn tehRREEblehs)


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Has Chile always been a republic?¿Chile siempre ha sido una república?

English Spanish

1 Has Chile always been a republic?¿Chile siempre ha sido una república? (CHEEleh SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthoh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

2The conquest of Chile by the Spanish conquerors started in 1540. By 1600, Chile was one of themost centralized colonies in Spanish America. In 1810, a number of factors helped Chile proclaimitself an autonomous republic within the Spanish monarchy. But it was not before 1818 that Chilewas proclaimed an independent republic.

3 been (for permanent states of being) sido (SEEdthoh)

4 it has been ha sido (ah SEEdthoh)

5 republic república (rrehPOObleekah)

6 Has it been a republic? ¿Ha sido una república? (ah SEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekah)

7 always siempre (SYEHMpreh)

8 Has it always been a republic?¿Siempre ha sido una república? (SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthoh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

9 Chile Chile (CHEEleh)

10 Chile has not always been a republic.Chile no siempre ha sido una república.(CHEEleh noh SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthohOOnah rrehPOObleekah)

11 colony colonia (kohLOHnyah)

12

Colonia (colony) has an additional meaning in the country of Mexico, where cities are divided intolarge neighborhoods called colonias. When asked where you live in Mexico, people generallystate their colonia. La colonia is also part of one's official address in Mexico. For example,Calle San Martín 1234, Colonia (abbreviated; Col.) Col: Los Bosques, México D.F., MX.However, in this lesson we will be using colonia to mean colony.

13 Venezuela Venezuela (behnehSWEHlah)

14 Venezuela was a colony.Venezuela fue una colonia. (behnehSWEHlah fweh OOnahkohLOHnyah)

15 Venezuela hasn't always been a republic. Itwas also a colony.

Venezuela no siempre ha sido unarepública. También fue una colonia. (behnehSWEHlah noh SYEHMpreh ahSEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekahtahmBYEHN fweh OOnah kohLOHnyah)


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English Spanish

16

Venezuela, like many other Latin American countries, was a Spanish colony. After a series ofuprisings caused by the discomfort of the population, Venezuela declared independence in 1811. Unfortunately, a series of events including a devastating earthquake helped bring down this firstrepublic. In 1813, a second republic was declared. But this second republic wouldn't last longeither. Sovereignty was finally attained in 1821 by Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan military andpolitical leader.

17 French colony colonia francesa (kohLOHnyah frahnSEHsah)

18 Martinique Martinica (mahrteeNEEkah)

19 Did you know that Martinique used to be a French colony? Haiti, Guadeloupe, French Guiana,Saint Pierre and Miquelon are all French-speaking regions in the Americas.

20 Martinique was a French colony.Martinica fue una colonia francesa. (mahrteeNEEkah fweh OOnahkohLOHnyah frahnSEHsah)

21 Do you know if Martinique has always been aFrench colony?

¿Sabes si Martinica siempre ha sido unacolonia francesa? (SAHbehs see mahrteeNEEkah SYEHMprehah SEEdthoh OOnah kohLOHnyahfrahnSEHsah)

22 country país (pahEES)

23 Latin American latinoamericano (lahteenohahmehreeKAHnoh)

24 Latin American countries países latinoamericanos (pahEEsehs lahteenohahmehreeKAHnohs)

25 monarchy monarquía (mohnahrKEEah)

26 Grandfather, do you know what LatinAmerican country has been a monarchy?

Abuelo, ¿sabes qué paíslatinoamericano ha sido una monarquía?(ahBWEHloh SAHbehs keh pahEESlahteenohahmehreeKAHnoh ah SEEdthohOOnah mohnahrKEEah)

27 It has never been a monarchy.Nunca ha sido una monarquía. (NOONkah ah SEEdthoh OOnahmohnahrKEEah)

28 they have been han sido (ahn SEEdthoh)

29 They have never been monarchies. Nunca han sido monarquías. (NOONkah ahn SEEdthoh mohnahrKEEahs)

30 Mexico was a monarchy from 1821 until 1823and 1864 until 1867.

México fue una monarquía desde 1821hasta 1823 y 1864 hasta 1867. (MEHheekoh fweh OOnah mohnahrKEEahDEHSdtheh meel ohchohSYEHNtohsbeynTYOOnoh AHStah meelohchohSYEHNtohs beynteeTREHS ee meel


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ohchohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah eeKWAHtroh AHStah meel ohchohSYEHNtohssehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)


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This country formed part of the Spanish reign.Este país formó parte del reinado español.

English Spanish

1 This country formed part of the Spanishreign.

Este país formó parte del reinadoespañol. (EHSteh pahEES fohrMOH PAHRteh dehlrreyNAHdthoh ehspahNYOHL)

2 to form formar (fohrMAHR )

3 it formed formó (fohrMOH)

4 part parte (PAHRteh)

5 it formed part of formó parte de (fohrMOH PAHRteh deh)

6 reign reinado (rreyNAHdthoh)

7 formed part of the reign formó parte del reinado (fohrMOH PAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthoh)

8 Spanish reign reinado español (rreyNAHdthoh ehspahNYOHL)

9 It formed part of the Spanish reign.Formó parte del reinado español. (fohrMOH PAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthohehspahNYOHL)

10 beginning principio (preenSEEpyoh)

11 In the beginning. (At the beginning.)

Al principio. (ahl preenSEEpyoh)

12 In the beginning Chile formed part of theSpanish reign.

Al principio Chile formó parte delreinado español. (ahl preenSEEpyoh CHEEleh fohrMOHPAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthohehspahNYOHL)

13 (they) formed formaron (fohrMAHrohn)

14 the countries formed part oflos países formaron parte de (lohs pahEEsehs fohrMAHrohn PAHRtehdeh)

15 The Latin American countries formed part ofthe Spanish reign.

Los países latinoamericanos formaronparte del reinado español. (lohs pahEEsehslahteenohahmehreeKAHnohsfohrMAHrohn PAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthohehspahNYOHL)


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English Spanish

16Did you know that the present day countries of Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay formedpart of the Virreinato del Río de la Plata (Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata)? It wasestablished in 1776. And, it was the last and shortest-lived Viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire.

17 territory territorio (tehrreeTOHryoh)

18 These territories formed part of Colombia.Estos territorios formaron parte deColombia. (EHStohs tehrreeTOHryohs fohrMAHrohnPAHRteh deh kohLOHMbyah)

19 many of these territoriesmuchos de estos territorios (MOOchohs deh EHStohstehrreeTOHryohs)

20 only one country un solo país (oon SOHloh pahEES)

21

You may wonder why we didn't use the accent with sólo when we said un solo país (only onecountry). It may help you to think of "only one" as also carrying the meaning of "alone." Additionally, "only one" is modifying a noun: country. This makes it an adjective. Alone is also anadjective. However, "only" is an adverb since it can modify verbs, like, "I only come hereoccasionally."

22 Many of these territories formed part of onlyone country.

Muchos de estos territorios formaronparte de un solo país. (MOOchohs deh EHStohstehrreeTOHryohs fohrMAHrohn PAHRtehdeh oon SOHloh pahEES)

23 Colombia and Venezuela formed part of onerepublic.

Colombia y Venezuela formaron partede una república. (kohLOHMbyah ee behnehSWEHlahfohrMAHrohn PAHRteh deh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

24 Gran Colombia (Great Colombia) was a republic that lasted from 1819 to 1831. It wascomprised of the present day countries of Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia.


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Did that occur a long time ago?¿Eso ocurrió hace mucho tiempo?

English Spanish

1 Did that occur a long time ago?¿Eso ocurrió hace mucho tiempo? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchohTYEHMpoh)

2Do you remember how to say, "happened" (pasó)? Just like in English, ocurrió and pasó canmany times be used interchangeably. So, you can say either Eso ocurrió hace muchotiempo or Eso pasó hace mucho tiempo.

3 to occur ocurrir (ohkooRREER)

4 occurred ocurrió (ohkooRRYOH)

5 long ago hace mucho (AHseh MOOchoh)

6 That occurred long ago. Eso ocurrió hace mucho. (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchoh)

7 a long time ago hace mucho tiempo (AHseh MOOchoh TYEHMpoh)

8 revolution revolución (rrebohlooSYON)

9 The revolution occurred a long time ago.La revolución ocurrió hace muchotiempo. (lah rrebohlooSYON ohkooRRYOH AHsehMOOchoh TYEHMpoh)

10 When did that occur? ¿Cuándo ocurrió eso? (KWAHNdoh ohkooRRYOH EHsoh)

11 it wasn't no fue (noh fweh)

12 It wasn't long ago. No fue hace mucho. (noh fweh AHseh MOOchoh)

13 Mexican revolution revolución mexicana (rrebohlooSYON mehheeKAHnah)

14 In 1910, the Mexican Revolution led to the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the currentpolitical system of the country.

15 Did that occur before the revolution?¿Eso ocurrió antes de la revolución? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHNtehs deh lahrrebohlooSYON)

16 before the Mexican revolutionantes de la revolución mexicana (AHNtehs deh lah rrebohlooSYONmehheeKAHnah)

17 It occurred a long time ago, before theMexican revolution.

Ocurrió hace mucho tiempo, antes de larevolución mexicana. (ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchoh TYEHMpoh


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Mexican revolution. AHNtehs deh lah rrebohlooSYONmehheeKAHnah)



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English Spanish

18 invasion invasión (eenbahSYOHN)

19 English invasions invasiones inglesas (eenbahSYOHnehs eenGLEHsahs)

20 Did that occur before the English invasions?¿Eso ocurrió antes de las invasionesinglesas? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHNtehs deh lahseenbahSYOHnehs eenGLEHsahs)

21 long before mucho antes (MOOchoh AHNtehs)

22 That occurred long before! ¡Eso ocurrió mucho antes! (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH MOOchoh AHNtehs)


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The countries became independent thanks to him.Los países se independizaron gracias a él.

English Spanish

1 The countries became independent thanks tohim.

Los países se independizaron gracias aél. (lohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn GRAHsyahs ahehl)

2 to become independent independizarse (eendehpehndeeSAHRseh)

3 they became independent se independizaron (seh eendehpehndeeSAHrohn)

4 The countries became independent.Los países se independizaron. (lohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn)

5 Thanks to him. Gracias a él. (GRAHsyahs ah ehl)

6 Many countries became independent thanksto San Martín.

Muchos países se independizarongracias a San Martín. (MOOchohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn GRAHsyahs ahsahn mahrTEEN)

7 it became independent se independizó (seh eendehpehndeeSOH)

8 When did Ecuador become independent?¿Cuándo se independizó Ecuador? (KWAHNdoh seh eendehpehndeeSOHehkwahDTHOHR)

9 Unlike English, in Spanish the numbers that represent years are read altogether like any othernumber. Remember this rule to solve the next slide!

10 1820 1820 (meel ohchohSYEHNtohs BEYNteh)

11 Ecuador became independent in 1820.Ecuador se independizó en 1820. (ehkwahDTHOHR seh eendehpehndeeSOHehn meel ohchohSYEHNtohs BEYNteh)

12 Ecuador became independent thanks toSucre.

Ecuador se independizó gracias aSucre. (ehkwahDTHOHR seh eendehpehndeeSOHGRAHsyahs ah SOOkreh)

13 In 1822 in the Battle of Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre defeated the Spanish Royalist Forces,and Ecuador gained its independence. Ecuador became a republic in 1830.

14 Spain España (ehsPAHnyah)

15 Although in English when we refer to a country we always refer to it in plural, in Spanish we alwaysrefer to it in singular. Keep this in mind when you attempt the next challenge.

Se independizó de España.


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16 They became independent from Spain.Se independizó de España. (seh eendehpehndeeSOH dehehsPAHnyah)



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English Spanish

17 after the revolution después de la revolución (dehsPWEHS deh lah rrebohlooSYON)

18 Mexico became independent from Spain afterthe revolution.

México se independizó de Españadespués de la revolución. (MEHheekoh seh eendehpehndeeSOHdeh ehsPAHnyah dehsPWEHS deh lahrrebohlooSYON)


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Peru won its independence in the war of 1821.Perú ganó su independencia en la guerra de 1821.

English Spanish

1 Peru won its independence in the war of 1821.

Perú ganó su independencia en laguerra de 1821. (pehROO gahNOH sooeendehpehnDEHNsyah ehn lah GEHrrahdeh meel ohchohSYEHNtohsbeynTYOOnoh)

2On July 15, 1821, San Martín proclaimed the independence of Peru and signed the Act of theDeclaration of Independence. But it was 58 years later that Spain finally recognized Peruvianindependence.

3 to win ganar (gahNAHR)

4 it won ganó (gahNOH)

5 independence independencia (eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

6 its su (soo)

7 its independence su independencia (soo eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

8 Peru Perú (pehROO)

9 Peru won its independence.Perú ganó su independencia. (pehROO gahNOH sooeendehpehnDEHNsyah)

10 war guerra (GEHrrah)

11 in the war of 1821en la guerra de 1821 (ehn lah GEHrrah deh meelohchohSYEHNtohs beynTYOOnoh)

12 Chile won its independence from Spain in1818.

Chile ganó su independencia de Españaen 1818. (CHEEleh gahNOH sooeendehpehnDEHNsyah deh ehsPAHnyahehn meel ohchohSYEHNtohsdyehSYOHchoh)

13 battle batalla (bahTAHyah)

14 Who won the battle? ¿Quién ganó la batalla? (kyehn gahNOH lah bahTAHyah)

15 they won ganaron (gahNAHrohn)


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16 They won the battle! ¡Ganaron la batalla! (gahNAHrohn lah bahTAHyah)

17 the battle of Maipú la batalla de Maipú (lah bahTAHyah deh mayPOO)



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English Spanish

18La batalla de Maipú was fought between Spain and the South American rebels on April 5,1818. The rebels, led by José de San Martín, won the battle. This victory led to theindependence of Chile from Spain.

19 rebels rebeldes (rrehBEHLdehs)

20 The rebels won the battle of Maipú.Los rebeldes ganaron la batalla deMaipú. (lohs rrehBEHLdehs gahNAHrohn lahbahTAHyah deh mayPOO)

21 to lose perder (pehrDTHEHR)

22 (he / she) lost perdió (pehrDTHYOH)

23 Who lost the battle? ¿Quién perdió la batalla? (kyehn pehrDTHYOH lah bahTAHyah)

24 Mexico didn't lose the battle. They won it!México no perdió la batalla. ¡La ganó! (MEHheekoh noh pehrDTHYOH lahbahTAHyah lah gahNOH)

25 to declare declarar (dehklahRAHR)

26 (he / she) declared declaró (dehklahROH)

27 declared war declaró la guerra (dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

28 Did you say *declaró guerra? Remember that in Spanish, articles are used much morefrequently than in English. When in doubt, add the article.

29 Who declared war? ¿Quién declaró la guerra? (kyehn dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

30 What country declared war? ¿Qué país declaró la guerra? (keh pahEES dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

31 peace paz (pahs)

32 to declare peace declarar la paz (dehklahRAHR lah pahs)

33 Who declared peace? ¿Quién declaró la paz? (kyehn dehklahROH lah pahs)

34 they declared declararon (dehklahRAHrohn)

35 When did they declare peace? ¿Cuándo declararon la paz? (KWAHNdoh dehklahRAHrohn lah pahs)



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English Spanish

36 to declare independence declarar la independencia (dehklahRAHR lah eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

37 declared independence declaró la independencia (dehklahROH lah eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

38 Argentina Argentina (ahrhehnTEEnah)

39 Argentina declared independence in 1816.

Argentina declaró la independencia en1816. (ahrhehnTEEnah dehklahROH laheendehpehnDEHNsyah ehn meelohchohSYEHNtohs dyehseeSEYS)

40 Venezuela declared independence from Spainin 1811.

Venezuela declaró la independencia deEspaña en 1811. (behnehSWEHlah dehklahROH laheendehpehnDEHNsyah deh ehsPAHnyahehn meel ohchohSYEHNtohs OHNseh)


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A lot of terrible things happened.Pasaron muchas cosas terribles.

English Spanish

1 A lot of terrible things happened.Pasaron muchas cosas terribles. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs)

2 terrible terrible (tehRREEbleh)

3 terrible things cosas terribles (KOHsahs tehRREEblehs)

4 a lot of terrible things muchas cosas terribles (MOOchahs KOHsahs tehRREEblehs)

5Do you recall how we formed robaron (they stole) from robar (to steal) and formaron (theyformed) from formar (to form)? Creating the simple past tense in the plural form for verbsending in -ar is easy! All you do is add -on to the end of the verb. Give it a try!

6 (they) happened pasaron (pahSAHrohn)

7 Not a lot of things happened. No pasaron muchas cosas. (noh pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahs)

8 during durante (dooRAHNteh)

9 during the revolution durante la revolución (dooRAHNteh lah rrebohlooSYON)

10 What happened during the revolution?¿Qué pasó durante la revolución? (keh pahSOH dooRAHNteh lahrrebohlooSYON)

11 A lot of terrible things happened during therevolution.

Pasaron muchas cosas terribles durantela revolución. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs dooRAHNteh lahrrebohlooSYON)

12 wonderful maravillosa (mahrahbeeYOHsah)

13 Something wonderful happened! ¡Pasó algo maravilloso! (pahSOH AHLgoh mahrahbeeYOHsoh)

14 a lot of wonderful thingsmuchas cosas maravillosas (MOOchahs KOHsahsmahrahbeeYOHsahs)

15 A lot of wonderful things happened after that.

Pasaron muchas cosas maravillosasdespués de eso. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahsmahrahbeeYOHsahs dehsPWEHS dehEHsoh)


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Chapter 4: Express Thoughts andFeelings

Expresar Pensamientos ySentimientos

Chapter 4: Express Thoughts and Feelings

Conversational GoalsDescribe or Explain Your EmotionsExpress FeelingsOffer Sympathy

Grammar GoalsLearn the Informal Subjunctive FormPractice the Impersonal Pronoun LoUse the Future Tense Verb FormUse the Reflexive Verbs Enterarse andMudarse


Why are you sad, María? ¿Por qué estás triste María? (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh mahREEah)

I'm very sad because I just got bad news.Estoy muy triste porque acabo de recibirmalas noticias. (ehsTOY mwee TREESteh POHRkeh ahKAHbohdeh rrehseeBEER MAHlahs nohTEEsyahs)

What happened? ¿Qué pasó? (keh pahSOH)

My best friend is going to move!¡Mi mejor amiga se va a mudar! (mee mehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ahmooDTHAHR)

I know how you feel. Sé cómo te sientes. (seh KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

The same thing happened to me with my bestfriend.

A mi me pasó lo mismo con mi mejoramigo. (ah mee meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh kohnmee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

Do you want to talk about it? ¿Quieres hablar sobre eso? (KYEHrehs ahBLAHR SOHbreh EHsoh)


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Why are you sad? ¿Por qué estás triste?English Spanish

1 Why are you sad? ¿Por qué estás triste? (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh)

2 sad triste (TREESteh)

3 Are you sad? ¿Estás triste? (ehsTAHS TREESteh)

4 very sad muy triste (mwee TREESteh)

5 I'm very sad. Estoy muy triste. (ehsTOY mwee TREESteh)

6Have you ever heard the idiomatic expression "When the going gets tough, the tough get going"? There's a similar expression in Spanish. We say: Al mal tiempo, buena cara. This, more orless, translates as "If the weather is bad, you have to smile"!

7 happy feliz (fehLEES)

8 I'm very happy! ¡Estoy muy feliz! (ehsTOY mwee fehLEES)

9 Why are you so happy? ¿Por qué estás tan feliz? (pohr keh ehsTAHS tahn fehLEES)

10 excited emocionado (ehmohsyohNAHdthoh)

11 Are you excited? ¿Estás emocionado? (ehsTAHS ehmohsyohNAHdthoh)

12 Why are you so excited?¿Por qué estás tan emocionada? (pohr keh ehsTAHS tahnehmohsyohNAHdthah)

13 to laugh reír (rrehEER)

14 you laugh te ríes (teh RREEehs)

15 Why are you laughing? (Why do you laugh?)

¿Por qué te ríes? (pohr keh teh RREEehs)

16 What are you laughing at? (Of what do you laugh?)

¿De qué te ríes? (deh keh teh RREEehs)

17 to cry llorar (yohRAHR)



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English Spanish

18 you cry lloras (YOHrahs)

19 Why are you crying? ¿Por qué lloras? (pohr keh YOHrahs)

20 Are you okay? Why are you crying? ¿Estás bien? ¿Por qué lloras? (ehsTAHS byehn pohr keh YOHrahs)


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I just got bad news.Acabo de recibir malas noticias.

English Spanish

1 I just got bad news.Acabo de recibir malas noticias. (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER MAHlahsnohTEEsyahs)

2 to receive recibir (rrehseeBEER)

3 I just got (I just received)

acabo de recibir (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER)

4 news noticias (nohTEEsyahs)

5 bad news malas noticias (MAHlahs nohTEEsyahs)

6 I just got good news!¡Acabo de recibir buenas noticias! (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER BWEHnahsnohTEEsyahs)

7 I'm going to Mexico! (I'm leaving to Mexico!)

¡Me voy a México! (meh boy ah MEHheekoh)

8 I just got good news! I'm going to Mexico!¡Acabo de recibir buenas noticias! ¡Mevoy a México! (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER BWEHnahsnohTEEsyahs meh boy ah MEHheekoh)

9 to find out enterarse (ehntehRAHRseh)

10 I find out enterarme (ehntehRAHRmeh)

11 I just found out! ¡Acabo de enterarme! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh)

12 to find out about (to find out of)

enterarse de (ehntehRAHRseh deh)

13 I just found out about the good news!¡Acabo de enterarme de las buenasnoticias! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh deh lahsBWEHnahs nohTEEsyahs)

14 to move mudarse (mooDTHAHRseh)

15 another otro (OHtroh)

16In English, we differentiate between singular and plural with the use of other and another. Thisdifference doesn't exist in Spanish. Both other and another are translated otro. Makes it easy,right?



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English Spanish

17 to move to another country mudarse a otro país (mooDTHAHRseh ah OHtroh pahEES)

18 is going to move se va a mudar (seh bah ah mooDTHAHR)

19You may have answered, va a mudarse. This is also correct. Since we changed the form of ir ato va a and did not change the person of the reflexive verb mudarse, you have the option ofeither leaving the personal pronoun se attached to the verb or you can move it to the front of thephrase.

20 She is going to move to another country.Ella se va a mudar a otro país. (EHyah seh bah ah mooDTHAHR ahOHtroh pahEES)

21 best friend mejor amiga (mehHOHR ahMEEgah)

22 My best friend is going to move to anothercountry.

Mi mejor amiga se va a mudar a otropaís. (mee mehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ahmooDTHAHR ah OHtroh pahEES)

23 I just found out that my best friend is going tomove to another country.

Acabo de enterarme que mi mejoramiga se va a mudar a otro país. (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh keh meemehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ahmooDTHAHR ah OHtroh pahEES)

24 he is coming él viene (ehl BYEHneh)

25 He is coming to live here. Él viene a vivir aquí. (ehl BYEHneh ah beeBEER ahKEE)

26 My best friend is coming to live here.¡Mi mejor amigo viene a vivir aquí! (mee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh BYEHneh ahbeeBEER ahKEE)

27 I just found out that my best friend is comingto live here.

¡Acabo de enterarme que mi mejoramigo viene a vivir aquí! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh keh meemehHOHR ahMEEgoh BYEHneh ahbeeBEER ahKEE)


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How do you feel? ¿Cómo te sientes?English Spanish

1 How do you feel? ¿Cómo te sientes? (KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

2 you feel te sientes (teh SYEHNtehs)

3 I know how you feel. Sé cómo te sientes. (seh KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

4 I understand how you feel. Entiendo cómo te sientes. (ehnTYEHNdoh KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

5 Do you feel okay? ¿Te sientes bien? (teh SYEHNtehs byehn)

6 Do you feel bad? ¿Te sientes mal? (teh SYEHNtehs mahl)

7 Why do you feel bad? ¿Por qué te sientes mal? (pohr keh teh SYEHNtehs mahl)

8 Do you feel better? ¿Te sientes mejor? (teh SYEHNtehs mehHOHR)

9 you will feel sentirás (sehnteeRAHS)

10 You will feel better. Te sentirás mejor. (teh sehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)

11 Let's go out! ¡Vamos a salir! (BAHmohs ah sahLEER)

12 so así (ahSEE)

13 so you will feel better así te sentirás mejor (ahSEE teh sehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)

14 Let's go out so you will feel better!¡Vamos a salir así te sentirás mejor! (BAHmohs ah sahLEER ahSEE tehsehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)


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Me pasó lo mismo con mi mejor amigo.English Spanish

1 The same thing happened to me with my bestfriend.

Me pasó lo mismo con mi mejor amigo. (meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh kohn meemehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

2 it happened to me me pasó (meh pahSOH)

3 same mismo (MEESmoh)

4Do you remember the phrase Todo lo posible (Everything possible) or literally, "All the thing(s)possible"? Recall how we used the impersonal pronoun lo to represent "the things"? Now, try tosolve the following challenge bearing this in mind.

5 the same thing lo mismo (loh MEESmoh)

6 The same thing happened to me! ¡Me pasó lo mismo! (meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh)

7 with my best friend con mi mejor amigo (kohn mee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

8 it happened to you te pasó (teh pahSOH)

9 Did the same thing happen to you? ¿Te pasó lo mismo? (teh pahSOH loh MEESmoh)

10 to worry preocuparse (prehohkooPAHRseh)

11 you worry te preocupas (teh preh-ohKOOpahs)

12 Don't worry! ¡No te preocupes! (noh teh prehohKOOpehs)

13Do you remember how we included the use of a mí (to me), a ella (to her), etc., with the verbgustar in order to place emphasis on the person (e.g., A mí me gustan los animales, peroa ella no le gustan.)? Now use this structure to place emphasis on the person for this nextslide. Ready?

14 Don't worry! The same thing happened to me.¡No te preocupes! A mí me pasó lomismo. (noh teh prehohKOOpehs ah mee mehpahSOH loh MEESmoh)

15 I understand. Don't worry! Entiendo. ¡No te preocupes! (ehnTYEHNdoh noh teh prehohKOOpehs)

16 I understand you. Te entiendo. (teh ehnTYEHNdoh)


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English Spanish

17 I understand you. The same thing happenedto me.

Te entiendo. A mí me pasó lo mismo. (teh ehnTYEHNdoh ah mee meh pahSOHloh MEESmoh)

18 you feel [subjunctive] sientas (SYEHNtahs)

19 Don't feel bad! ¡No te sientas mal! (noh teh SYEHNtahs mahl)

20 For this next challenge recall how we changed "to work" (trabajar) to "has worked" (hatrabajado). Ready?

21 It has happened to me. Me ha pasado. (meh ah pahSAHdthoh)

22 The same thing has happened to me. Me ha pasado lo mismo. (meh ah pahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)

23 Don't feel bad! The same thing has happenedto me.

¡No te sientas mal! Me ha pasado lomismo. (noh teh SYEHNtahs mahl meh ahpahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)

24 Has it happened to you? ¿Te ha pasado? (teh ah pahSAHdthoh)

25 Has the same thing happened to you? ¿Te ha pasado lo mismo? (teh ah pahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)


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Do you want to tell me what happened?¿Quieres contarme qué pasó?

English Spanish

1 Do you want to tell me what happened? ¿Quieres contarme qué pasó? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh pahSOH)

2 to tell contar (kohnTAHR)

3 to tell me contarme (kohnTAHRmeh)

4 Do you want to tell me? ¿Quieres contarme? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh)

5 What happened to you? ¿Qué te pasó? (keh teh pahSOH)

6 Do you want to tell me what happened toyou?

¿Quieres contarme qué te pasó? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh tehpahSOH)

7 What did he say to you? ¿Qué te dijo? (keh teh DEEhoh)

8 Do you want to tell me what he said to you? ¿Quieres contarme qué te dijo? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh teh DEEhoh)

9 How did it happen? (How did it occur?)

¿Cómo ocurrió? (KOHmoh ohkooRRYOH)

10 Do you want to tell me how it happened?¿Quieres contarme cómo ocurrió? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh KOHmohohkooRRYOH)

11 to talk about it (to talk about that)

hablar sobre eso (ahBLAHR SOHbreh EHsoh)

12 Do you want to talk about it? ¿Quieres hablar sobre eso? (KYEHrehs ahBLAHR SOHbreh EHsoh)

13 what happened (the thing that occurred)

lo que pasó (loh keh pahSOH)

14 Do you want to talk about what happened?¿Quieres hablar sobre lo que pasó? (KYEHrehs ahBLAHR SOHbreh loh kehpahSOH)

15 Do you want to tell me why you are sad?¿Quieres contarme por qué estástriste? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh pohr kehehsTAHS TREESteh)


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Don't cry! ¡No llores!English Spanish

1 Don't cry! ¡No llores! (noh YOHrehs)

2Did you remember that for negative commands, like "Don't cry," Do not enter," etc., you have touse the subjunctive form of the verb? That is why the correct response for the informal form is,No llores and not *No lloras. Remember, No llore is the formal subjunctive / negativecommand form.

3 you cry [subjunctive] llores (YOHrehs)

4 Why are you sad? Don't cry!¿Por qué estás triste? ¡No llores! (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh nohYOHrehs)

5 you are [subjunctive] estés (ehsTEHS)

6 Don't be sad! ¡No estés triste! (noh ehsTEHS TREESteh)

7 I want you to be happy. Quiero que estés feliz. (KYEHroh keh ehsTEHS fehLEES)

8 you put [subjunctive] pongas (POHNgahs)

9 become [subjunctive] (you put yourself [subjunctive])

te pongas (teh POHNgahs)

10 Don't be sad! (Don't put yourself sad!)

¡No te pongas triste! (noh teh POHNgahs TREESteh)


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Chapter 5: Higher Learning Educación Superior

Chapter 5: Higher Learning

Conversational GoalsAsk What School Somebody AttendedDiscuss the Merits of a SchoolExpress PrideInquire About a Field of Study

Grammar GoalsLearn the First and Second Person SingularInformal Preterite Forms of HacerLearn the First Person Plural Preterite Form ofthe Irregular Verb IrLearn the Preterite Forms of Reflexive VerbsPractice Using the Impersonal Pronoun CliticsLo and LaUse Regular Verbs in the Preterite Tense


What university do you go to? ¿A qué universidad vas? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH bahs)

I go to a state university.Voy a una universidad estatal. (boy ah OOnah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHehstahTAHL)

I'm going to graduate next year.Me voy a graduar el próximo año. (meh boy ah grahDWAHR ehl PROHkseemohAHnyoh)

What do you study there? ¿Qué estudias allí? (keh ehsTOOdthyahs ahYEE)

I study law. Estudio leyes. (ehsTOOdthyoh LEHyehs)

Tomorrow I have to redo a test because I failedthe first one.

Mañana tengo que volver a hacer unexamen porque desaprobé el primero. (mahNYAHnah TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ahahSEHR oon ehKSAHmehn POHRkehdehsahprohBEH ehl preeMEHroh )

Oh! What grade did you get? ¡Uy! ¿Qué nota te sacaste? (wee keh NOHtah teh sahKAHSteh)

I got a five and I need a six to pass.Me saqué un cinco y necesito un seis paraaprobar. (meh sahKEH oon SEENkoh ee nehsehSEEtoh


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oon seys PAHrah ahprohBAHR)


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Did you go to a state university?¿Fuiste a una universidad estatal?

English Spanish

1 Did you go to a state university?¿Fuiste a una universidad estatal? (FWEESteh ah OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH ehstahTAHL)

2 state estatal (ehstahTAHL)

3 state univeristy universidad estatal (ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH ehstahTAHL)

4 private privado (preeBAHdthoh)

5 Did you go to a state or private university?

¿Fuiste a una universidad estatal oprivada? (FWEESteh ah OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH ehstahTAHL ohpreeBAHdthah)

6 What university...? (To what university...?)

¿A qué universidad...? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

7 What university did you go to?¿A qué universidad fuiste? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHFWEESteh)

8 school escuela (ehsKWEHlah)

9You may also hear people say colegio to mean "school." Although these two words are usedinterchangeably, there's a slight difference. Generally speaking, escuela refers to a public statefunded school, while colegio refers to a private school.

10 What school did you go to? ¿A qué escuela fuiste? (ah keh ehsKWEHlah FWEESteh)

11 primary primario (preeMAHryoh)

12The educational systems in Latin America differ depending on the country. In Mexico, forexample, the basic education is divided into primary or elementary school (escuela primaria)for ages 6 to 12, secondary or middle school (escuela secundaria) for ages 12 to 15, and highschool (preparatoria), from 15 to 18.

13 elementary school (primary school)

escuela primaria (ehsKWEHlah preeMAHryah)

14 What elementary school did you go to? ¿A qué primaria fuiste? (ah keh preeMAHryah FWEESteh)

15 You probably said, ¿A qué escuela primaria fuiste? This is also correct. However, primariaimplies escuela primaria and therefore, many times the word escuela is left out.

16 to the same school a la misma escuela (ah lah MEESmah ehsKWEHlah)


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English Spanish

17 I went to the same school. Yo fui a la misma escuela. (yoh fwee ah lah MEESmah ehsKWEHlah)

18 we went fuimos (FWEEmohs )

19 We went to the same school then!¡Entonces fuimos a la misma escuela! (ehnTOHNsehs FWEEmohs ah lahMEESmah ehsKWEHlah)

20 secondary secundario (sehkoonDAHryoh)

21 middle school (secondary school)

escuela secundaria (ehsKWEHlah sehkoonDAHryah)

22 What middle school do you go to? ¿A qué secundaria vas? (ah keh sehkoonDAHryah bahs)

23 high school preparatoria (prehpahrahTOHryah)

24Preparatorias are not common in all Latin American countries. In some countries, secondaryincludes middle and high school studies. In other countries, like in Mexico, students have toattend high school before going to the university.

25 We went to the same high school.Fuimos a la misma preparatoria. (FWEEmohs ah lah MEESmahprehpahrahTOHryah)

26In some countries, there are two kinds of preparatorias. Students can choose between aregular high school (for general studies) or a technical one (where they study a specialty). Generally speaking, high school lasts three years.

27 We went to school together.Fuimos juntos a la escuela. (FWEEmohs HOONtohs ah lahehsKWEHlah)

28 until I was 15 years old (until the 15 years)

hasta los 15 años (AHStah lohs KEENseh AHnyohs)

29 We went to middle school together until wewere 15 years old.

Fuimos juntos a la secundaria hasta los15 años. (FWEEmohs HOONtohs ah lahsehkoonDAHryah AHStah lohs KEENsehAHnyohs)


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I study law. Estudio leyes.English Spanish

1 I study law. Estudio leyes. (ehsTOOdthyoh LEHyehs)

2 Did you notice that when we speak of studying law in Spanish, we use the plural form?

3 law ley (ley)

4 What do you study? ¿Qué estudias? (keh ehsTOOdthyahs)

5 Where do you study law? ¿Dónde estudias leyes? (DOHNdeh ehsTOOdthyahs LEHyehs)

6 national nacional (nahsyohNAHL)

7 the National University of Costa Ricala Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (lah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHnahsyohNAHL deh KOHStah RREEkah)

8 I study medicine at the National University ofLa Plata.

Estudio medicina en la UniversidadNacional de La Plata. (ehsTOOdthyoh mehdtheeSEEnah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH nahsyohNAHLdeh lah PLAHtah)

9 architecture arquitectura (ahrkeetehkTOOrah)

10 I study architecture at a private university.

Estudio arquitectura en una universidadprivada. (ehsTOOdthyoh ahrkeetehkTOOrah ehnOOnah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHpreeBAHdthah)

11 Do you study architecture? ¿Estudias arquitectura? (ehsTOOdthyahs ahrkeetehkTOOrah)

12 first year primer año (preeMEHR AHnyoh)

13 Did you say *primero año? In Spanish when you use primero together with a masculine noun,you need to drop the "-o." Therefore, you will say primer año.

14 I study architecture. This is my first year.Estudio arquitectura. Este es mi primeraño. (ehsTOOdthyoh ahrkeetehkTOOrahEHSteh ehs mee preeMEHR AHnyoh)

15 psychology psicología (seekohlohHEEah)

16 Do you study psychology at the NationalUniversity?

¿Estudias psicología en la UniversidadNacional? (ehsTOOdthyahs seekohlohHEEah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH nahsyohNAHL)

último año


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17 last year último año (OOLteemoh AHnyoh)



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English Spanish

18 I study psychology. This is my last year.Estudio psicología. Este es mi últimoaño. (ehsTOOdthyoh seekohlohHEEah EHStehehs mee OOLteemoh AHnyoh)


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I did a master's degree in law last year.Hice la maestría en leyes el año pasado.

English Spanish

1 I did a master's degree in law last year.Hice la maestría en leyes el añopasado. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah ehn LEHyehsehl AHnyoh pahSAHdthoh)

2 I did hice (EEseh)

3 master's degree maestría (mahehsTREEah)

4 You will also hear people refer to a master's degree as, máster and magíster. These are allsynonyms and can be used interchangeably.

5 I did a master's degree. Hice la maestría. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah)

6 last year el año pasado (ehl AHnyoh pahSAHdthoh)

7 I did a master's degree last year.Hice la maestría el año pasado. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah ehl AHnyohpahSAHdthoh)

8 master's degree in law maestría en leyes (mahehsTREEah ehn LEHyehs)

9 doctorate degree doctorado (dohktohRAHdthoh)

10In some countries, the doctorate is the highest degree in a given field. This is true in Argentina,for example. There, students have to work in a specific field to produce original contributionswhich will then be presented in a dissertation. The successful defense of the candidate'sdissertation entitles him to pass the doctorate.

11 I did my doctorate in psychology at a privateuniversity.

Hice mi doctorado en psicología en unauniversidad privada. (EEseh mee dohktohRAHdthoh ehnseekohlohHEEah ehn OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH preeBAHdthah)

12 you did hiciste (eeSEESteh)

13 When did you do the master's degree inarchitecture?

¿Cuándo hiciste la maestría enarquitectura? (KWAHNdoh eeSEESteh lahmahehsTREEah ehn ahrkeetehkTOOrah)

14 First, I did my master's degree. Primero hice la maestría. (preeMEHroh EEseh lah mahehsTREEah)

15 First, I did the masters and then thedoctorate in psychology.

Primero hice la maestría y después eldoctorado en psicología. (preeMEHroh EEseh lah mahehsTREEah eedehsPWEHS ehl dohktohRAHdthoh ehn


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seekohlohHEEah)

16 I have a master's degree in psychology.Tengo una maestría en psicología. (TEHNgoh OOnah mahehsTREEah ehnseekohlohHEEah)



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English Spanish

17 Do you have a doctorate degree in medicine?¿Tiene un doctorado en medicina? (TYEHneh oon dohktohRAHdthoh ehnmehdtheeSEEnah)

18There is another university level degree, la Licenciatura, that comes before the master's anddoctorate degrees. However, this degree is given different value depending on the country anddoes not have an exact equivalent in the US. However, it is most comparable to a Bachelor'sdegree.


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I graduated the previous year.Me gradué el año anterior.

English Spanish

1 I graduated the previous year.Me gradué el año anterior. (meh grahDTHWEH ehl AHnyohahntehRYOHR)

2 to graduate graduarse (grahDWAHRseh)

3 I graduated me gradué (meh grahDTHWEH)

4 previous anterior (ahntehRYOHR)

5 the previous year el año anterior (ehl AHnyoh ahntehRYOHR)

6 I graduated last year.Me gradué el año pasado. (meh grahDTHWEH ehl AHnyohpahSAHdthoh)

7 as como (KOHmoh)

8 architect arquitecto (ahrkeeTEHKtoh)

9 as an architect como arquitecto (KOHmoh ahrkeeTEHKtoh)

10 I graduated as an architect!¡Me gradué como arquitecto! (meh grahDTHWEH KOHmohahrkeeTEHKtoh)

11 you graduated te graduaste (teh grahDTHWAHSteh)

12 When did you graduate? ¿Cuándo te graduaste? (KWAHNdoh teh grahDTHWAHSteh)

13 engineer ingeniero (eenhehNYEHroh)

14 Did you graduate as an engineer?¿Te graduaste como ingeniera? (teh grahDTHWAHSteh KOHmoheenhehNYEHrah)

15 Did you graduate the previous year?¿Te graduaste el año anterior? (teh grahDTHWAHSteh ehl AHnyohahntehRYOHR)

16 I graduate me gradúo (meh grahDTHOOoh)

17 I graduate this year! ¡Me gradúo este año! (meh grahDTHOOoh EHSteh AHnyoh)



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English Spanish

18 yet todavía (tohdthahBEEah)

19 Not yet. Todavía no. (tohdthahBEEah noh)

20 I haven't graduated yet. (I don't graduate yet.)

Todavía no me gradúo. (tohdthahBEEah noh meh grahDTHOOoh)

21 Did you say ¿No me gradúo todavía? That's also possible. In Spanish you can choose to usetodavía at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

22 I'm going to graduate! ¡Voy a graduarme! (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh)

23 Did you say "¡Me voy a graduar!"? That's also correct!

24 next year (the year that comes)

el año que viene (ehl AHnyoh keh BYEHneh)

25 I am going to graduate next year!¡Voy a graduarme el año que viene! (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh ehl AHnyoh kehBYEHneh)

26 psychologist psicólogo (seeKOHlohgoh)

27 I'm going to graduate as a psychologist.Voy a graduarme como psicóloga. (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh KOHmohseeKOHlohgah)

28 I'm going to graduate as a psychologist in twoyears.

Voy a graduarme como psicólogo endos años. (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh KOHmohseeKOHlohgoh ehn dohs AHnyohs)


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I have to hand in an assignment tomorrow.Mañana tengo que entregar una tarea.

English Spanish

1 I have to hand in an assignment tomorrow.Mañana tengo que entregar una tarea. (mahNYAHnah TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHROOnah tahREHah)

2 to hand in entregar (ehntrehGAHR)

3 I have to hand in tengo que entregar (TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHR)

4 assignment tarea (tahREHah)

5 to hand in an assignment entregar una tarea (ehntrehGAHR OOnah tahREHah)

6 Don't you have to do an assignment?¿No tienes que hacer una tarea? (noh TYEHnehs keh ahSEHR OOnahtahREHah)

7 Don't you have to do an assignment fortomorrow?

¿No tienes que hacer una tarea paramañana? (noh TYEHnehs keh ahSEHR OOnahtahREHah PAHrah mahNYAHnah)

8 next month el próximo mes (ehl PROHkseemoh mehs)

9 I have to hand in a paper next month.Tengo que entregar un trabajo elpróximo mes. (TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHR oontrahBAHhoh ehl PROHkseemoh mehs)

10 investigation investigación (eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

11 research paper (work of investigation )

trabajo de investigación (trahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

12 I need to hand in a research paper.Necesito entregar un trabajo deinvestigación. (nehsehSEEtoh ehntrehGAHR oontrahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

13 to hand in a paper to graduateentregar un trabajo para graduarme (ehntrehGAHR oon trahBAHhoh PAHrahgrahDWAHRmeh)

14 I need to hand in a research paper tograduate.

Necesito entregar un trabajo deinvestigación para graduarme. (nehsehSEEtoh ehntrehGAHR oontrahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHNPAHrah grahDWAHRmeh)

15You already know how to form the past tense for the first person singular (informal) of verbsending in "-ar." Do you remember disfrutar (to enjoy) and disfrutaste (you enjoyed) or


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15 escuchar (to listen) and escuchaste (you listened)? Do you see the pattern? All you do is dropthe "-r" and add -ste. Now, try it out with the next verb!

16 you handed in entregaste (ehntrehGAHSteh)



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English Spanish

17 Did you hand in the assignment? ¿Entregaste la tarea? (ehntrehGAHSteh lah tahREHah)

18 the research paper about medicine

el trabajo de investigación sobremedicina (ehl trahBAHhoh deheenbehsteegahSYOHN SOHbrehmehdtheeSEEnah)

19 Did you hand in the research paper aboutmedicine?

¿Entregaste el trabajo de investigaciónsobre medicina? (ehntrehGAHSteh ehl trahBAHhoh deheenbehsteegahSYOHN SOHbrehmehdtheeSEEnah)


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I passed the last class for my major!¡Aprobé la última materia de la carrera!

English Spanish

1 I passed the last class for my major!¡Aprobé la última materia de la carrera!(ahprohBEH lah OOLteemah mahTEHryahdeh lah kahRREHrah)

2 to pass (a class or exam) aprobar (ahprohBAHR)

3 I passed aprobé (ahprohBEH)

4 subject materia (mahTEHryah)

5 I passed the class. (I passed the subject.)

Aprobé la materia. (ahprohBEH lah mahTEHryah)

6 I passed the last class! ¡Aprobé la última materia! (ahprohBEH lah OOLteemah mahTEHryah)

7 major carrera (kahRREHrah)

8 the last class for my major (the last subject of the major)

la última materia de la carrera (lah OOLteemah mahTEHryah deh lahkahRREHrah)

9 What is your major? ¿Cuál es tu carrera? (kwahl ehs too kahRREHrah)

10 test examen (ehKSAHmehn)

11 I passed the test! ¡Aprobé el examen! (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn)

12 I need a seven. Necesito un siete. (nehsehSEEtoh oon SYEHteh)

13Did you know that most of the grading systems in Latin America consist of numbers? Generallyspeaking, the scale goes from 0 (fail) up to 10 (excellent). The passing mark depends on thecountry and the kind of education, i.e., basic or higher.

14 I need a seven to pass the class.Necesito un siete para aprobar lamateria. (nehsehSEEtoh oon SYEHteh PAHrahahprohBAHR lah mahTEHryah)

15 I passed with an eight. Aprobé con ocho. (ahprohBEH kohn OHchoh)

16 to fail reprobar (rrehprohBAHR)

17 Remember how we changed aprobar to the past tense form, aprobé? Now, follow the samepattern to solve the next slide. Ready?!



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English Spanish

18 I failed reprobé (rrehprohBEH)

19 I failed the test! ¡Reprobé el examen! (rrehprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn)

20 I have to pass the last test.Tengo que aprobar el último examen. (TEHNgoh keh ahprohBAHR ehlOOLteemoh ehKSAHmehn)

21 I have to pass the last class for my major tograduate!

¡Tengo que aprobar la última materiade la carrera para graduarme! (TEHNgoh keh ahprohBAHR lahOOLteemah mahTEHryah deh lahkahRREHrah PAHrah grahDWAHRmeh)

22 to redo volver a hacer (bohlBEHR ah ahSEHR)

23 I have to redo the test.Tengo que volver a hacer el examen. (TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah ahSEHR ehlehKSAHmehn)

24 to redo it volver a hacerlo (bohlBEHR ah ahSEHRloh)

25 I failed the exam! Now I have to redo it!¡Reprobé el examen! ¡Ahora tengo quevolver a hacerlo! (rrehprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn ahOHrahTEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah ahSEHRloh)

26 I failed the class! ¡Reprobé la materia! (rrehprohBEH lah mahTEHryah)

27 You already learned how to say redo, volver a hacer. Following the same pattern, try your bestto solve the next slide.

28 to retake volver a tomar (bohlBEHR ah tohMAHR)

29 I have to retake the class!¡Tengo que volver a tomar la materia! (TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah tohMAHR lahmahTEHryah)

30 to retake it volver a tomarlo (bohlBEHR ah tohMAHRloh)

31 I failed the class and now I have to retake it!

¡Reprobé la materia y ahora tengo quevolver a tomarla! (rrehprohBEH lah mahTEHryah eeahOHrah TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ahtohMAHRlah)


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What grade did you get? ¿Qué nota te sacaste?English Spanish

1 What grade did you get? ¿Qué nota te sacaste? (keh NOHtah teh sahKAHSteh)

2 to take out sacarse (sahKAHRseh)

3 you took out te sacaste (teh sahKAHSteh)

4 What did you get? (What did you take out?)

¿Qué te sacaste? (keh teh sahKAHSteh)

5 grade nota (NOHtah)

6 Did you get a good grade?¿Te sacaste una buena nota? (teh sahKAHSteh OOnah BWEHnahNOHtah)

7 I passed the exam with a good grade.Aprobé el examen con una buena nota. (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn kohnOOnah BWEHnah NOHtah)

8 excellent grade excelente nota (ehksehLEHNteh NOHtah)

9 I passed the exam with an excellent grade!¡Aprobé el examen con una notaexcelente! (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn kohnOOnah NOHtah ehksehLEHNteh)

10 I took out me saqué (meh sahKEH)

11 I passed! I got a nine. (I passed! I took out a nine.)

¡Aprobé! Me saqué un nueve. (ahprohBEH meh sahKEH oon NWEHbeh)

12 I got a bad grade! ¡Me saqué una mala nota! (meh sahKEH OOnah MAHlah NOHtah)


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Chapter 6: Name Origins El Origen de los Nombres

Chapter 6: Name Origins

Conversational GoalsAsk About the Origin of a NameComment on Someone's NameDescribe the Nature of a Guest’s VisitIdentify Your Relationship with SomeoneUse Various Expressions to IntroduceSomeone

Grammar GoalsLearn the Imperfect TenseLearn to Use the Passive Voice with SePractice the Direct Object ImpersonalPronoun LoUse the Plural Indirect Object PersonalPronoun LesUse the Singular Indirect Object PersonalPronouns Le and Te


Good morning Licenciate Zamora!¡Buenos días licenciado Zamora! (BWEHnohs DEEahs leesehnSYAHdthohsahMOHrah)

Allow me to introduce you to my granddaughter,Abigail.

Le presento a mi nieta, Abigail. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtahahbeeGAYL)

Abigail, what a beautiful name!Abigail, ¡qué nombre tan hermoso! (ahbeeGAYL keh NOHMbreh tahnehrMOHsoh)

It's an uncommon name here in Mexico.Es un nombre poco común aquí en México.(ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkoh kohMOONahKEE ehn MEHheekoh)

What is the origin? ¿Cuál es el origen? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn)

It's uncommon in the United States too.Es poco común en los Estados Unidostambién. (ehs POHkoh kohMOON ehn lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs tahmBYEHN)

It's an Arab name. Es un nombre árabe. (ehs oon NOHMbreh AHrahbeh)

Mi hija le puso ese nombre por una actrizfamosa...


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My daughter named her after a famous actress... famosa... (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehpohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

because she used to love her movies when shewas a child.

porque le encantaban sus películascuando era niña. (POHRkeh leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soospehLEEkoolahs KWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)


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Licenciate LicenciadoEnglish Spanish

1 Licenciate Licenciado (leesehnSYAHdthoh)

2 Recall that the Licenciatura is the name given to the degree that comes before the master'sdegree. There is no exact equivalent, but it is comparable to a Bachelor's degree.

3 Good morning Licenciate Zamora!¡Buenos días licenciado Zamora! (BWEHnohs DEEahs leesehnSYAHdthohsahMOHrah)

4 professor profesor (prohfehSOHR)

5 Good afternoon, Professor Silva.Buenas tardes, profesor Silva. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs prohfehSOHRSEELbah)

6 In Latin America it is very common to address people using their professional degree togetherwith the last name. Professionals will always expect you to address them in this way!

7 director director (deerehkTOHR)

8Recall it is common in Spanish to use good night (Buenas noches) as both a greeting and afarewell. Evening is from approximately 5 pm to 7 pm, and this would be translated as tarde. For this next slide imagine that you are greeting someone after 8 pm.

9 Good evening, Director. How are you?Buenas noches, Director. ¿Cómo está? (BWEHnahs NOHchehs deerehkTOHRKOHmoh ehsTAH)

10 Welcome Doctor Gómez. How are you?Bienvenido doctor Gómez ¿Cómo está? (byehnbehNEEdthoh dohkTOHR GOHmehsKOHmoh ehsTAH)

11Doctor does not always refer to a medical practitioner. It can also refer to a person who hasattained a doctorate degree. Generally in Latin America, you are expected to address someonewho has attained such a high degree with this title.


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Did you meet my father-in-law?¿Conociste a mi suegro?

English Spanish

1 Did you meet my father-in-law? ¿Conociste a mi suegro? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgroh)

2 Do you recall how we changed leer to leíste and salir to saliste for the informal "you" in thepast tense? Keep this in mind for the next slide.

3 you met conociste (kohnohSEEsteh)

4 father-in-law suegro (SWEHgroh)

5 my father-in-law mi suegro (mee SWEHgroh)

6You have already seen the general rule for creating the feminine form of many kinship terms,such as changing hermano to hermana, tío to tía, and so on. Suegro is another term thatfollows this same rule.

7 mother-in-law suegra (SWEHgrah)

8 Did you meet my mother-in-law? ¿Conociste a mi suegra? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgrah)

9 Did you meet my cousin? ¿Conociste a mi primo? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee preemo)

10 studying estudiando (ehstooDTHYAHNdoh)

11 Did you meet my cousin? She is studyingSpanish here.

¿Conociste a mi prima? Ella estáestudiando español aquí. (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee PREEmah EHyahehsTAH ehstooDTHYAHNdohehspahNYOHL ahKEE)

12 Recall that to create the plural form of many kinship terms you simply use the plural of themasculine form. Ready?

13 in-laws suegros (SWEHgrohs)

14For this next challenge, remember how conseguir became consiguío and llover, llovió, whenchanged to the past tense in the he/ she/ it form. Also, remember that the he/ she/ it form of theverb is always the same as the "formal" you. Ready?

15 you met conoció (kohnohSYOH)

16 Did you meet my in-laws? ¿Conoció a mis suegros? (kohnohSYOH ah mees SWEHgrohs)

17 Did you meet my in-laws already? ¿Ya conoció a mis suegros? (yah kohnohSYOH ah mees SWEHgrohs)



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English Spanish

18 to take care of cuidar (kweeDTHAHR)

19 son hijo (EEhoh)

20 to take care of our son cuidar a nuestro hijo (kweeDTHAHR ah NWEHStroh EEhoh)

21 Did you meet my mother-in-law? She is takingcare of our son today.

¿Conociste a mi suegra? Ella estácuidando a nuestro hijo hoy. (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgrah EHyahehsTAH kweeDTHAHNdoh ah NWEHStrohEEhoh oy)

22 Did you meet my father-in-law? He's going totake care of our son this weekend.

¿Conoció a mi suegro? Él va a cuidar anuestro hijo este fin de semana. (kohnohSYOH ah mee SWEHgroh ehl bahah kweeDTHAHR ah NWEHStroh EEhohEHSteh feen deh sehMAHnah)

23 children hijos (EEhohs)

24 My children are with my mother-in-law.Mis hijos están con mi suegra. (mees EEhohs ehsTAHN kohn meeSWEHgrah)

25 Hijos can refer either to all male children or a mixed gender group. To refer to a group of allfemale children you would say, hijas.

26 child niño (NEEnyoh)

27You may recall that "boy" is also translated as niño. While English has the gender neutral term"child," you already know that in Spanish, all words have a gender assigned to them. This is whyniño can either be "child" or "boy."

28 children niños (NEEnyohs)

29

Confused? Yes, both hijos and niños are gender neutral terms used to refer to a group ofchildren. However, hijos is used only to refer to someone's own children, e.g., mis hijos, tushijos, sus hijos, etc. Niños can be used to refer to both someone in particular's children or torefer to children in general, as in, los niños de la escuela (the children in the school), losniños en esa casa (the children in that house), etc.

30 baby-sitting (taking care of the children)

cuidando a los niños (kweeDTHAHNdoh ah lohs NEEnyohs)

31 My in-laws are baby-sitting today.Mis suegros están cuidando a los niñoshoy. (mees SWEHgrohs ehsTAHNkweeDTHAHNdoh ah lohs NEEnyohs oy)

32 we met nos conocimos (nohs kohnohSEEmohs)

33 We met already. Ya nos conocimos. (yah nohs kohnohSEEmohs)


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English Spanish

34 Yes, we met at the airport.Sí, nos conocimos en el aeropuerto. (see nohs kohnohSEEmohs ehn ehlaerohPWEHRtoh)

35 roommate compañero de cuarto (kohmpahNYEHroh deh KWAHRtoh)

36 Did you meet my roommate?¿Conosiste a mi compañero de cuarto? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee kohmpahNYEHrohdeh KWAHRtoh)

37 He is my roommate. We met at theuniversity.

Él es mi compañero de cuarto. Nosconocimos en la universidad. (ehl ehs mee kohmpahNYEHroh dehKWAHRtoh nohs kohnohSEEmohs ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)


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Allow me to introduce you to my granddaughter.Le presento a mi nieta.

English Spanish

1Allow me to introduce you to mygranddaughter. (To you I introduce to my granddaughter.)

Le presento a mi nieta. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtah)

2 to introduce presentar (prehsehnTAHR)

3 to introduce to you presentarle (prehsehnTAHRleh)

4 I introduce presento (prehSEHNtoh)

5 to you I introduce le presento (leh prehSEHNtoh)

6

Le has multiple uses and meanings in Spanish. However, in the current example, le presento,le is used as the formal indirect object "to you" (formal). For example, we have traerle (to bringto you), mostrarle (to show to you), and le suena (it sounds to you). When the verb thatrequires the indirect object has been conjugated to agree with the subject, the pronoun has to bemoved. This is why we say, presentarle (to introduce you [formal]), but le presento (Iintroduce to you [formal]).

7 I introduce you to (to you I introduce to)

le presento a (leh prehSEHNtoh ah)

8 granddaughter nieta (NYEHtah)

9 my granddaughter mi nieta (mee NYEHtah)

10 grandson nieto (NYEHtoh)

11 Allow me to introduce you to my grandson,Matías.

Le presento a mi nieto, Matías. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtohmahTEEahs)

12 to introduce to you presentarte (prehsehnTAHRteh)

13 to you I introduce te presento (teh prehSEHNtoh)

14 nephew sobrino (sohBREEnoh)

15 Allow me to introduce you to my nephew,Lucas.

Te presento a mi sobrino, Lucas. (teh prehSEHNtoh ah mee sohBREEnohLOOkahs)

16 niece sobrina (sohBREEnah)



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English Spanish

17For this next challenge recall how you learned to form the 1st person past tense of -ar verbs byreplacing the -ar with é: aprobar became aprobé, and reprobar changed to reprobé. Ready?

18 I introduced presenté (prehsehnTEH)

19 Did I introduce you? ¿Te presenté? (teh prehsehnTEH)

20 Oh, I'm sorry! Didn't I introduce you? ¡Ay, lo siento! ¿No te presenté? (ay loh SYEHNtoh noh teh prehsehnTEH)

21 Did I introduce you to my niece? ¿Te presenté a mi sobrina? (teh prehsehnTEH ah mee sohBREEnah)

22 Didn't I introduce you to my aunt? ¿No te presenté a mi tía? (noh teh prehsehnTEH ah mee TEEah)

23 to you I introduce les presento (lehs prehSEHNtoh)

24 I introduce you to Licenciate Maria. (To you I introduce to the Licenciate Maria.)

Les presento a la licenciada María. (lehs prehSEHNtoh ah lahleesehnSYAHdthah mahREEah)

25 to you I introduced les presenté (lehs prehsehnTEH)

26 Did I introduce you to Doctor Achával?¿Les presenté al doctor Achával? (lehs prehsehnTEH ahl dohkTOHRahCHAHbahl)

27 Let me introduce you to... Déjeme presentarle a... (DEHhehmeh prehsehnTAHRleh ah)

28 Let me introduce you to my roommate.Déjeme presentarle a mi compañero decuarto. (DEHhehmeh prehsehnTAHRleh ah meekohmpahNYEHroh deh KWAHRtoh)


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Abigail is an uncommon name here!¡Abigail es un nombre poco común aquí!

English Spanish

1 Abigail is an uncommon name here!¡Abigail es un nombre poco comúnaquí! (ahbeeGAYL ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE)

2 uncommon poco común (POHkoh kohMOON)

3 uncommon name nombre poco común (NOHMbreh POHkoh kohMOON)

4 That is an uncommon name here.Ese es un nombre poco común aquí. (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE)

5 Alejandro is a beautiful name!¡Alejandro es un nombre hermoso! (ahlehHAHNdroh ehs oon NOHMbrehehrMOHsoh)

6In many Latin American countries, most start thinking of a name for their unborn child as soon asthey know the baby's gender. During pregnancy parents refer to the baby with the name theythought of. However, the names are officially given when the baby is baptized.

7 strange extraño (ehksTRAHnyoh)

8 Aixa is a strange name.Aixa es un nombre extraño. (AYshah ehs oon NOHMbrehehksTRAHnyoh)

9 Aixa is a strange name. Where is it from?Aixa es un nombre extraño. ¿De dóndees? (AYshah ehs oon NOHMbrehehksTRAHnyoh deh DOHNdeh ehs)

10You just learned that "uncommon" is poco común in Spanish. You may remember from UnitOne that poco means "a little" or "a little bit." Keeping this in mind, try your best to solve thefollowing slide!

11 common común (kohMOON)

12 That's a very common name here in Mexico!¡Ese es un nombre muy común aquí enMéxico! (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh mweekohMOON ahKEE ehn MEHheekoh)

13 middle name (second name)

segundo nombre (sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh)

14In Latin America, many people have two given names and in some cases, even three! Peoplemay go by either their first or second name. However, some names like Juan Carlos or MaríaEugenia are considered a single unit, and in this case people will tend to use both names.

15 Your middle name is Andrea? Where is it¿Tu segundo nombre es Andrea? ¿Dedónde es?


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15 from? (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh ehsahnDREHah deh DOHNdeh ehs)

16 Did you know that Andrea is a male name in Italy, but it is used as a female name in LatinAmerica?

17 indigenous indígena (eenDTHEEhehnah)



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English Spanish

18 Nahuel is an indigenous name.Nahuel es un nombre indígena. (nahWEHL ehs oon NOHMbreheenDTHEEhehnah)

19 Nahuel is an indigenous name very commonhere in Argentina.

Nahuel es un nombre indígena muycomún aquí en Argentina. (nahWEHL ehs oon NOHMbreheenDTHEEhehnah mwee kohMOON ahKEEehn ahrhehnTEEnah)

20Many names and other words as well in Latin America have their origins in the indigenouslanguages. You may find that these names have syllable clusters that are difficult to pronounce. Ailén, Irupé (female names), and Nahuel and Newén (masculine names) are some examplesof indigenous names used in Latin America.


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What is the origin of your name?¿Cuál es el origen de tu nombre?

English Spanish

1 What is the origin of your name?¿Cuál es el origen de tu nombre? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn deh tooNOHMbreh)

2 origin origen (ohREEhehn)

3 What is the origin? ¿Cuál es el origen? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn)

4 the origin of your name el origen de tu nombre (ehl ohREEhehn deh too NOHMbreh)

5 What is the origin of your last name?¿Cuál es el origen de tu apellido? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn deh tooahpehYEEdthoh)

6 it must be debe ser (DEHbeh sehr)

7 Arab árabe (AHrahbeh)

8 It must be of Arab origin. Debe ser de origen árabe. (DEHbeh sehr deh ohREEhehn AHrahbeh)

9 his last name su apellido (soo ahpehYEEdthoh)

10 European europeo (ehwrohPEHoh)

11 His last name must be of European origin.Su apellido debe ser de origeneuropeo. (soo ahpehYEEdthoh DEHbeh sehr dehohREEhehn ehwrohPEHoh)

12 Is your last name of European origin?¿Tu apellido es de origen europeo? (too ahpehYEEdthoh ehs deh ohREEhehnehwrohPEHoh)

13 your middle name tu segundo nombre (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh)

14 Greek griego (GRYEHgoh)

15 Is your middle name of Greek origin?¿Tu segundo nombre es de origengriego? (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh ehs dehohREEhehn GRYEHgoh)

16Many parents in Latin America are allowed to give their children the names they want. However,in some countries there are restrictions regarding invented, foreign, and even indigenous names. In Argentina for example, indigenous names were at one time not accepted in the civil nameregistry. Recently, this practice has become less strict.


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English Spanish

17 That’s an uncommon name here. What’s itsorigin?

Ese es un nombre poco común aquí.¿Cuál es su origen? (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE kwahl ehs sooohREEhehn)

18 indigenous origin origen indígena (ohREEhehn eenDTHEEhehnah)

19 Is it of indigenous origin? ¿Es de origen indígena? (ehs deh ohREEhehn eenDTHEEhehnah)

20 Is it of indigenous origin? How is itpronounced?

¿Es de origen indígena? ¿Cómo sepronuncia? (ehs deh ohREEhehn eenDTHEEhehnahKOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)

21 to spell deletrear (dehlehtrehAHR)

22 Can you spell your last name?¿Puedes deletrear tu apellido? (PWEHdthehs dehlehtrehAHR tooahpehYEEdthoh)

23 (you) spell deletrea (dehlehTREHah)

24 How do you spell your name? ¿Cómo deletrea su nombre? (KOHmoh dehlehTREHah soo NOHMbreh)

25 to spell it deletrearlo (dehlehtrehAHRloh)

26 Spell it. Deletréalo. (dehlehTREHahloh)

27 you spell deletreas (dehlehTREHahs)

28 you spell it lo deletreas (loh dehlehTREHahs )

29 How do you spell it? ¿Cómo lo deletreas? (KOHmoh loh dehlehTREHahs )

30 That's a strange name. How do you spell it?

¡Ese es un nombre extraño! ¿Cómo lodeletreas? (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbrehehksTRAHnyoh KOHmoh lohdehlehTREHahs )

31 Spell it, please. Deletréelo, por favor. (dehlehTREHehloh pohr fahBOHR)

32 Can you spell it, please?¿Lo puede deletrear, por favor? (loh PWEHdtheh dehlehtrehAHR pohrfahBOHR)

33 Is it an indigenous name? Can you spell it,¿Es un nombre indígena? ¿Lo puededeletrear, por favor? (ehs oon NOHMbreh eenDTHEEhehnah loh


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33 please? (ehs oon NOHMbreh eenDTHEEhehnah lohPWEHdtheh dehlehtrehAHR pohrfahBOHR)



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English Spanish

34 it is spelled se deletrea (seh dehlehTREHah)

35The word se has many uses in Spanish. So far we have used it as the reflexive ending for verbsfor which the action is carried out on the subject, for example, llamarse (to call oneself). Wehave also used it in passive phrases such as se acepta (is accepted) and se pronuncia (ispronounced).

36 How is it spelled? ¿Cómo se deletrea? (KOHmoh seh dehlehTREHah)

37 How is your last name spelled?¿Cómo se deletrea su apellido? (KOHmoh seh dehlehTREHah sooahpehYEEdthoh)


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My daughter named her after a famous actress.Mi hija le puso ese nombre por una actriz famosa.

English Spanish

1My daughter named her after a famousactress. (My daughter put her that name for a famousactress.)

Mi hija le puso ese nombre por unaactriz famosa. (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehpohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

2 (he/ she/ it) put puso (POOsoh)

3 (she) put her/ him/ it le puso (leh POOsoh)

4 I bet you recall that pronouns in Spanish are gender specific. However, the indirect object le, canmean either "him," "her," or "it."

5 My daughter put her... Mi hija le puso... (mee EEhah leh POOsoh)

6 My daughter named her that. (My daughter put her that name.)

Mi hija le puso ese nombre. (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh)

7 actress actriz (ahkTREES)

8 for a famous actress por una actriz famosa (pohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

9 She named her after a famous actress. (She put her that name for a famous actress.)

Le puso ese nombre por una actrizfamosa. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohrOOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

10 She named her after an aunt. (She put her that name for an aunt.)

Le puso ese nombre por una tía. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohrOOnah TEEah)

11 godfather padrino (pahDTHREEnoh)

12

Because most Latin American countries are predominantly Catholic, godparents are verycommon and play an important role in the family. Godparents are considered second parents inthe case that anything were to happen to the birth parents. It is also common for godparents toassist both emotionally and monetarily in the raising of the child/children even if the birth parentsare present.

13 She named him after her godfather.Le puso ese nombre por su padrino. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohr soopahDTHREEnoh)

14 (he/ she) put you te puso (teh POOsoh)

15 Why did she name you that? ¿Por qué te puso ese nombre? (pohr keh teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh)

16 (he/ she) put me me puso (meh POOsoh)


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17 My mom named me that.Mi mamá me puso ese nombre. (mee mahMAH meh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh)



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English Spanish

18 godmother madrina (mahDTHREEnah)

19 My mom named me after my godmother.Mi mamá me puso ese nombre por mimadrina. (mee mahMAH meh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh pohr mee mahDTHREEnah)

20 Who gave you that name? (Who put you that name?)

¿Quién te puso ese nombre? (kyehn teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh)

21 My dad named me after his godmother andhis favorite aunt.

Mi papá me puso ese nombre por sumadrina y su tía favorita. (mee pahPAH meh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh pohr soo mahDTHREEnah eesoo TEEah fahbohREEtah)

22 such a pretty name (so pretty name)

nombre tan bonito (NOHMbreh tahn bohNEEtoh)

23 Who gave you such a pretty name?¿Quién te puso ese nombre tan bonito? (kyehn teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehtahn bohNEEtoh)

24 they put pusieron (pooSYEHrohn)

25 they put me me pusieron (meh pooSYEHrohn)

26 My parents named me Salma. (My parents put me Salma.)

Mis padres me pusieron Salma. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnSAHLmah)

27 My parents named me after a famousMexican actress, Salma Hayek.

Mis padres me pusieron ese nombrepor una actriz mexicana famosa, SalmaHayek. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnEHseh NOHMbreh pohr OOnah ahkTREESmehheeKAHnah fahMOHsah SAHLmahHAHyehk)

28 great grandfather bisabuelo (beesahBWEHloh)

29 My parents named me after my greatgrandfather.

Mis padres me pusieron ese nombrepor mi bisabuelo. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnEHseh NOHMbreh pohr meebeesahBWEHloh)

30 My great grandfather's name is Diego.Mi bisabuelo se llama Diego. (mee beesahBWEHloh seh YAHmahDYEHgoh)

31 My parents named me Diego because mygreat grandfather's name is Diego.

Mis padres me pusieron Diego porquemi bisabuelo se llama Diego. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnDYEHgoh POHRkeh mee beesahBWEHloh


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seh YAHmah DYEHgoh)


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She used to love her movies when she was a child.Le encantaban sus películas cuando era niña.

English Spanish

1 She used to love her movies when she was achild.

Le encantaban sus películas cuando eraniña. (leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soospehLEEkoolahs KWAHNdoh EHrahNEEnyah)

2 she loves le encanta (leh ehnKAHNtah)

3 used to love (used to enchant)

encantaba (ehnkahnTAHbah)

4

Following the rule you have already learned for forming the past tense, encantar would changeto become encantó in the past tense. And this is actually correct, however not in this context. Remember, Spanish uses two simple past tense forms, the preterite and the imperfect. Thepreterite tense is the form we have practiced the most. We learned that this form is used to referto actions in the past that were performed a specific number of times or that are seen ascompleted, as in Me fracturé el brazo or Hice la maestría el año pasado. The imperfectform, on the other hand, is used to talk about actions that occurred repeatedly or over a longperiod of time in the past, like Le encantaban sus películas. Keep this in mind as wecomplete this lesson.

5 (she) used to love le encantaba (leh ehnkahnTAHbah)

6 She used to love her movies.Le encantaban sus películas. (leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soospehLEEkoolahs)

7 Did you remember to change encantaba and su to encantaban and sus in order to agree innumber with películas?

8 child niña (NEEnyah)

9 when she was a child cuando era niña (KWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)

10 Did you notice that the word cuando is not accented in this phrase? This is because this word isnot working as a question word but rather, as a conjunction, i.e., a word used to connect ideas.

11 I remember that actress.Me acuerdo de esa actriz. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsahahkTREES)

12 I used to love me encantaba (meh ehnkahnTAHbah)

13 I remember that actress! I used to love hermovies when I was a child!

¡Me acuerdo de esa actriz! ¡Meencantaban sus películas cuando eraniña! (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsahahkTREES meh ehnkahnTAHbahn soospehLEEkoolahs KWAHNdoh EHrahNEEnyah)


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14 I remember that singer.Me acuerdo de ese cantante. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehkahnTAHNteh)

15 his songs sus canciones (soos kahnSYOHnehs)



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English Spanish

16 to listen escuchar (ehskooCHAHR)

17 used to listen escuchaba (ehskooCHAHbah)

18 when I was in the universitycuando yo estaba en la universidad (KWAHNdoh yoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

19 I used to listen to his songs when I was in theuniversity.

Yo escuchaba sus canciones cuandoestaba en la universidad. (yoh ehskooCHAHbah sooskahnSYOHnehs KWAHNdoh ehsTAHbahehn lah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

20 all the time todo el tiempo (TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpoh)

21 I used to listen to his songs all of the time!¡Yo escuchaba sus canciones todo eltiempo! (yoh ehskooCHAHbah sooskahnSYOHnehs TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpoh)

22 I used to listen to his songs all of the timewhen I was in the university!

¡Yo escuchaba sus canciones todo eltiempo cuando estaba en launiversidad! (yoh ehskooCHAHbah sooskahnSYOHnehs TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpohKWAHNdoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

23I remember that singer. I used to listen to hissongs all the time when I was in theuniversity.

Me acuerdo de ese cantante. Yoescuchaba sus canciones todo eltiempo cuando estaba en launiversidad. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehkahnTAHNteh yoh ehskooCHAHbah sooskahnSYOHnehs TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpohKWAHNdoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

24 used to sing cantaba (kahnTAHbah)

25 That singer used to sing my favorite song.Ese cantante cantaba mi canciónfavorita. (EHseh kahnTAHNteh kahnTAHbah meekahnSYOHN fahbohREEtah)

26 T.V. host presentador (prehsehntahDTHOHR)

27 I remember that T.V. host.Me acuerdo de ese presentador. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehprehsehntahDTHOHR)

28 used to watch miraba (meeRAHbah)


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29 show programa (prohGRAHmah)

30 I used to watch his show. Yo miraba su programa. (yoh meeRAHbah soo prohGRAHmah)



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English Spanish

31 I remember that T.V. host! I used to watch hisshow when I was a child.

¡Me acuerdo de ese presentador! Yomiraba su programa cuando era niño. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehprehsehntahDTHOHR yoh meeRAHbah sooprohGRAHmah KWAHNdoh EHrahNEEnyoh)


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Chapter 7: Dietary Restrictions Chapter 7: Dietary Restrictions

Conversational GoalsAsk and Tell Whether A Dish Contains CertainIngredientsAsk if Someone Wants to Taste a FoodGive Compliments on FoodTalk About Hunger and Food CravingsTalk About One’s Dietary Habits

Grammar GoalsLearn a New Use of SeReinforce the Object Pronouns Le, Te, andLesUse the Subjunctive Mood with AdverbialConjunctionsUse Van a to Convey Future Tense


I'm starving! What can I eat?¡Me muero de hambre! ¿Qué puedocomer? (meh MWEHroh deh AHMbreh kehPWEHdthoh kohMEHR)

What are you in the mood for? ¿Qué se te antoja? (keh seh teh ahnTOHhah)

Do you have something sweet? ¿Tienes algo dulce? (TYEHnehs AHLgoh DOOLseh)

Yes, do you want to try these chocolate cookies?Sí, ¿quieres probar estas galletas dechocolate? (see KYEHrehs prohBAHR EHStahsgahYEHtahs deh chohkohLAHteh)

Mmm...they look tasty! Mmm...¡se ven sabrosas! (mmm seh behn sahBROHsahs)

I baked them this morning. Las horneé esta mañana. (lahs ohrnehEH EHStah mahNYAHnah)

No, thanks. I have to lose three kilos.No, gracias. Tengo que adelgazar treskilos. (noh GRAHsyahs TEHNgoh kehahdehlgahSAHR trehs KEElohs )

And the doctor doesn't allow me to eat chocolate!¡Y el doctor me prohibió comer chocolate! (ee ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRchohkohLAHteh)

Try these, then. They contain less fat and they arePrueba estas, entonces. Contienen menosgrasa y están hechas con avena. (PRWEHbah EHStahs ehnTOHNsehs


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made with oatmeal. (PRWEHbah EHStahs ehnTOHNsehskohnTYEHnehn MEHnohs GRAHsah eeehsTAHN EHchahs kohn ahBEHnah)


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I'm starving! ¡Me muero de hambre!English Spanish

1 I'm starving! (I die of hunger!)

¡Me muero de hambre! (meh MWEHroh deh AHMbreh)

2 to die morir (mohREER)

3 to die morirse (mohREERseh)

4

The word se has many uses in Spanish. So far we have used it as the reflexive ending for verbsfor which the action is carried out on the subject, for example, llamarse (to call oneself), as wellas the passive se as in se acepta (is accepted), se pronuncia (is pronounced), etc, morirse isneither reflexive nor passive. The use of se with morirse (to die) is actually to intensify the verb.The use of se for this purpose is optional. Additionally, just like the reflexive se the se used tointensify the verb also changes to agree with the subject of the sentence. For example, memuero (I die), te mueres (you die), se muere (he/ she/ it/ you [formal] die), se mueren (theydie), and nos morimos (we die).

5 I die me muero (meh MWEHroh)

6 hunger hambre (AHMbreh)

7 Can I eat? ¿Puedo comer? (PWEHdthoh kohMEHR)

8 I'm starving! What can I eat?¡Me muero de hambre! ¿Qué puedocomer? (meh MWEHroh deh AHMbreh kehPWEHdthoh kohMEHR)

9 I'm hungry! (I have hunger!)

¡Tengo hambre! (TEHNgoh AHMbreh)

10Darme is another example of a pronoun attached to the end of a verb. Remember that when wewant to move the attached pronoun from the end of the verb it will always move to the very frontof the verb phrase. The only exception to this is when we use negation which always goes at thebeginning of the verb phrase.

11 you can give me me puedes dar (meh PWEHdthehs dahr)

12 Can you give me something to eat?¿Me puedes dar algo para comer? (meh PWEHdthehs dahr AHLgoh PAHrahkohMEHR)

13 I'm hungry! Can you give me something toeat, please?

¡Tengo hambre! ¿Me puedes dar algopara comer, por favor? (TEHNgoh AHMbreh meh PWEHdthehsdahr AHLgoh PAHrah kohMEHR pohrfahBOHR)

14 thirst sed (sehdth)



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15 I'm dying of thirst! (I die of thirst!)

¡Me muero de sed! (meh MWEHroh deh sehdth)

16 I'm dying of thirst! Do you have water?¡Me muero de sed! ¿Tienes agua? (meh MWEHroh deh sehdth TYEHnehsAHwah)

17 You already know how to say Tengo hambre (I'm hungry), literally meaning "I have hunger." Now, bearing this in mind, try your best to solve the next slide!

18 I'm thirsty! ¡Tengo sed! (TEHNgoh sehdth)

19 Are you thirsty? ¿Tienes sed? (TYEHnehs sehdth)

20 Are you thirsty? Do you want something todrink?

¿Tienes sed? ¿Quieres algo para tomar?(TYEHnehs sehdth KYEHrehs AHLgohPAHrah tohMAHR)

21 full lleno (YEHnoh)

22 I'm full! ¡Estoy lleno! (ehsTOY YEHnoh)

23 I don't want dessert. I'm full! No quiero postre. ¡Estoy llena! (noh KYEHroh POHStreh ehsTOY YEHnah)

24 I'm still hungry. (I have more hunger.)

Tengo más hambre. (TEHNgoh mahs AHMbreh)

25 Are you still hungry or are you full already?¿Tienes más hambre o ya estás llena? (TYEHnehs mahs AHMbreh oh yahehsTAHS YEHnah)

26 I'll pass. (I pass.)

Paso. (PAHsoh)

27 I'll pass. I'm full. Thanks! Paso. Estoy lleno. ¡Gracias! (PAHsoh ehsTOY YEHnoh GRAHsyahs)


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What are you craving to eat?¿Qué se te antoja comer?

English Spanish

1 What are you craving to eat? ¿Qué se te antoja comer? (keh seh teh ahnTOHhah kohMEHR)

2 to crave antojarse (ahntohHAHRseh)

3 you crave se te antoja (seh teh ahnTOHhah)

4 Se te antoja can also be used to mean "you are craving." Keep this in mind for the next slide.

5 What are you craving? ¿Qué se te antoja? (keh seh teh ahnTOHhah)

6 Are you craving something to drink? ¿Se te antoja tomar algo? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR AHLgoh)

7 juice jugo (HOOgoh)

8 orange naranja (nahRAHNhah)

9 orange juice jugo de naranja (HOOgoh deh nahRAHNhah)

10 Are you craving orange juice to drink?¿Se te antoja tomar jugo de naranja? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR HOOgohdeh nahRAHNhah)

11 Do you prefer water? ¿Prefieres agua? (prehFYEHrehs AHwah)

12 Are you craving orange juice to drink or doyou prefer water?

¿Se te antoja tomar jugo de naranja oprefieres agua? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR HOOgohdeh nahRAHNhah oh prehFYEHrehsAHwah)

13 I'm dying for... Me muero por... (meh MWEHroh pohr)

14 ice cream helado (ehLAHdthoh)

15 chocolate ice cream helado de chocolate (ehLAHdthoh deh chohkohLAHteh)

16 I'm dying for a chocolate ice cream!¡Me muero por un helado de chocolate!(meh MWEHroh pohr oon ehLAHdthoh dehchohkohLAHteh)

17 What do you feel like eating? ¿Qué tienes ganas de comer? (keh TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHR)



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18 to eat for dessert (to eat of dessert)

comer de postre (kohMEHR deh POHStreh)

19 What do you feel like eating for dessert?¿Qué tienes ganas de comer de postre?(keh TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHRdeh POHStreh)

20 pizza pizza (PEETsah)

21 Do you feel like eating pizza?¿Tienes ganas de comer pizza? (TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHRPEETsah)

22 spicy picante (peeKAHNteh)

23 I feel like eating something spicy.Tengo ganas de comer algo picante. (TEHNgoh GAHnahs deh kohMEHR AHLgohpeeKAHNteh)

24 I'm craving se me antoja (seh meh ahnTOHhah)

25 I'm craving something to eat.Se me antoja algo para comer. (seh meh ahnTOHhah AHLgoh PAHrahkohMEHR)

26 I'm craving something spicy.Se me antoja algo picante. (seh meh ahnTOHhah AHLgohpeeKAHNteh)


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Do you want to try these oatmeal cookies?¿Quieres probar estas galletas de avena?

English Spanish

1 Do you want to try these oatmeal cookies?¿Quieres probar estas galletas deavena? (KYEHrehs prohBAHR EHStahs gahYEHtahsdeh ahBEHnah)

2 to try probar (prohBAHR)

3 Do you want to try? ¿Quieres probar? (KYEHrehs prohBAHR)

4 cookies galletas (gahYEHtahs)

5 oatmeal avena (ahBEHnah)

6 Avena is used to refer to oatmeal but is literally "oats."

7 oatmeal cookies galletas de avena (gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)

8 these oatmeal cookies estas galletas de avena (EHStahs gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)

9 I want to try! ¡Quiero probar! (KYEHroh prohBAHR)

10 you made hiciste (eeSEESteh)

11 the oatmeal cookies that you made yesterdaylas galletas de avena que hiciste ayer (lahs gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah keheeSEESteh ahYEHR)

12 I want to try the oatmeal cookies that youmade yesterday!

¡Quiero probar las galletas de avenaque hiciste ayer! (KYEHroh prohBAHR lahs gahYEHtahs dehahBEHnah keh eeSEESteh ahYEHR)

13 to try them probarlas (prohBAHRlahs)

14 Would you like to try them? ¿Te gustaría probarlas? (teh goostahREEah prohBAHRlahs)

15 try [imperative] prueba (PRWEHbah)

16 Try the cookies. Prueba las galletas. (PRWEHbah lahs gahYEHtahs)

17 vanilla vainilla (bayNEEyah)



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18The vanilla plant is a climbing orchid native to the tropical region of Mexico, though now it iscultivated outside of Mexico and Central America. However, in 1520, the Spanishconqueror Hernán Cortés introduced it to Europe, and nowadays it is one of the world's mostfamous flavors!

19 Try these vanilla cookies!¡Prueba estas galletas de vainilla! (PRWEHbah EHStahs gahYEHtahs dehbayNEEyah)

20 Do you want to try? ¿Quiere probar? (KYEHreh prohBAHR)

21 flavor sabor (sahBOHR)

22 new flavor nuevo sabor (NWEHboh sahBOHR)

23 Do you want to try this new flavor?¿Quiere probar este nuevo sabor? (KYEHreh prohBAHR EHSteh NWEHbohsahBOHR)

24 strawberry fresa (FREHsah)

25 You may also hear people refer to strawberries as "frutillas."

26 strawberry flavor sabor a fresa (sahBOHR ah FREHsah)

27 Did you say "sabor de fresa"? You were very close! In Spanish, you have to use thepreposition a after sabor when it is followed by the kind of flavor.

28 Do you want to try the new strawberry flavor?¿Quiere probar el nuevo sabor a fresa? (KYEHreh prohBAHR ehl NWEHbohsahBOHR ah FREHsah)

29 Try these new strawberry cookies. They aredelicious!

Prueba estas nuevas galletas de fresa.¡Son ricas! (PRWEHbah EHStahs NWEHbahsgahYEHtahs deh FREHsah sohn RREEkahs)

30 Try them. Pruébalas. (PRWEHbahlahs)

31 They're delicious! Try them! ¡Son ricas! ¡Pruébalas! (sohn RREEkahs PRWEHbahlahs)


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You are going to like them. Te van a gustar.English Spanish

1 You are going to like them. (They are going to be likeable to you.)

Te van a gustar. (teh bahn ah goosTAHR)

2

In addition to "te van a gustar," you may have also said, "Van a gustarte," which is correct aswell. Remember that the attached pronoun (in this case, te) can either remain attached if theverb ending doesn't change for person, or move to the front of the verb. If you said "*Te van agustan," remember that since ir, the root form of van ([they] go) is changed to agree with thesubject, gustar remains in its original form.

3 (they) go van (bahn)

4 (they) are going to van a (bahn ah)

5 to be likeable to you gustarte (goosTAHRteh)

6

Do you recall the formal indirect object pronoun, le? Well, just as there are two ways to say "you"in Spanish (the formal usted and the informal tú), there are also two other ways to say "you"when "you" is the indirect object of the sentence: the formal le, as in ¿Le puedo mostrar? (CanI show you?), and the informal, te, as in ¿Te puedo mostrar? We have seen these previouslyas attached pronouns, but they can also sometimes detach and move to precede the first verb(in this case, puedo).

7 You are going to like them a lot! ¡Le van a gustar mucho! (leh bahn ah goosTAHR MOOchoh)

8 I only have these vanilla cookies. Try them.You are going to like them!

Sólo tengo estas galletas de vainilla.Pruébalas. ¡Te van a gustar! (SOHloh TEHNgoh EHStahs gahYEHtahsdeh bayNEEyah PRWEHbahlahs teh bahnah goosTAHR)

9 She is going to like them. (To her they are going to be likeable.)

A ella le van a gustar. (ah EHyah leh bahn ah goosTAHR)

10 She is going to like these oatmeal cookies.A ella le van a gustar estas galletas deavena. (ah EHyah leh bahn ah goosTAHR EHStahsgahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)

11 to be likeable to them gustarles (goosTAHRlehs)

12 They are going to like them. Les van a gustar. (lehs bahn ah goosTAHR)

13 I think that they are going to like them a lot.Creo que les van a gustar mucho. (KREHoh keh lehs bahn ah goosTAHRMOOchoh)

14 I think that the children are going to like thema lot.

Creo que a los niños les van a gustarmucho. (KREHoh keh ah lohs NEEnyohs lehs bahnah goosTAHR MOOchoh)


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English Spanish

15 to be loved by you encantarte (ehnkahnTAHRteh)

16 Do you want to try them? You are going tolove them!

¿Quieres probarlas? ¡Te van a encantar!(KYEHrehs prohBAHRlahs teh bahn ahehnkahnTAHR )

17 You are going to love the food!¡Le va a encantar la comida! (leh bah ah ehnkahnTAHR lahkohMEEdthah)

18 You are going to love them! ¡Les van a encantar! (lehs bahn ah ehnkahnTAHR)


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I made this dish without peanuts so that you can eatit.

Hice este plato sin maní para que puedas comerlo.English Spanish

1 I made this dish without peanuts so that youcan eat it.

Hice este plato sin maní para quepuedas comerlo. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen mahNEEPAHrah keh PWEHdthahs kohMEHRloh)

2 I made hice (EEseh)

3 dish plato (PLAHtoh)

4 Plato can mean both plate and dish. Just like in English, it can refer to both the container and/orto the food that is served on it.

5 I made this dish. Hice este plato. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh)

6 peanuts maní (mahNEE)

7 Cacahuates is another word for peanuts. It is used mainly in Mexico and some other northernLatin American countries.

8 I made this dish without peanuts. Hice este plato sin maní. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen mahNEE)

9 so that para que (PAHrah keh)

10 so that you can para que puedas (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs)

11

Did you recognize "so that" (para que) as indicating uncertainty and possibly tentativeness? Remember that these moods require the use of the subjunctive verb form in Spanish. You willalways use the subjunctive form anytime an adverb, like para que, connects two pieces of asentence. In other words, anytime you use a phrase like one of these to combine two parts of asentence, you will use the subjunctive. One way to help you remember some of these connectingphrases is the acronym ESCAPA: En caso de que (in case), Sin que (without), Con tal que(provided that), Antes de que (before), Para que (so that), and A menos que (unless).

12 to eat it comerlo (kohMEHRloh)

13 So that you can eat it. Para que puedas comerlo. (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs kohMEHRloh)

14 to try it probarlo (prohBAHRloh)

15 So that you can try it. Para que puedas probarlo. (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs prohBAHRloh)

16 butter mantequilla (mahntehKEEyah)


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English Spanish

17 I made the cake without butter.Hice el pastel sin mantequilla. (EEseh ehl pahsTEHL seenmahntehKEEyah)

18 I made the cake without butter so that youcan try it.

Hice el pastel sin mantequilla para quepuedas probarlo. (EEseh ehl pahsTEHL seenmahntehKEEyah PAHrah keh PWEHdthahsprohBAHRloh)

19 olive oil aceite de oliva (ahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

20 Did you make it with butter or olive oil?¿Lo hiciste con mantequilla o aceite deoliva? (loh eeSEESteh kohn mahntehKEEyah ohahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

21 I made it with olive oil. Lo hice con aceite de oliva. (loh EEseh kohn ahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

22 I baked horneé (ohrnehEH)

23 I baked this. Horneé esto. (ohrnehEH EHStoh)

24 to fry freír (frehEER)

25 to fry it freírlo (frehEERloh)

26 instead of en vez de (ehn behs deh)

27 I baked this instead of frying it.Horneé esto en vez de freírlo. (ohrnehEH EHStoh ehn behs dehfrehEERloh)

28 I baked this dish instead of frying it so thatyou can eat it.

Horneé este plato en vez de freírlo paraque puedas comerlo. (ohrnehEH EHSteh PLAHtoh ehn behs dehfrehEERloh PAHrah keh PWEHdthahskohMEHRloh)

29Do you remember how to form the past tense for the informal 'you' of verbs ending in -ar? I betyou recall verbs like disfrutar (to enjoy) and disfrutaste (you enjoyed) or escuchar (to listen)and escuchaste (you listened). Therefore, all you have to do to form the past tense is drop the"-r" and add "-ste." Now, try applying this rule to the following slide!

30 you baked horneaste (ohrnehAHSteh)

31 Did you bake it? ¿Tú la horneaste? (too lah ohrnehAHSteh)

32 you fried freíste (frehEESteh)


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English Spanish

33 Did you fry it or bake it? ¿La freíste o la horneaste? (lah frehEESteh oh lah ohrnehAHSteh)


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I have to lose three kilos.Tengo que adelgazar tres kilos.

English Spanish

1 I have to lose three kilos.Tengo que adelgazar tres kilos. (TEHNgoh keh ahdthehlgahSAHR trehsKEElohs)

2 to lose weight adelgazar (ahdehlgahSAHR)

3 I have to lose weight! ¡Tengo que adelgazar! (TEHNgoh keh ahdthehlgahSAHR)

4 I want to lose weight. Quiero adelgazar. (KYEHroh ahdthehlgahSAHR)

5 I must lose weight. Debo adelgazar. (DEHboh ahdthehlgahSAHR)

6 to drop / lose (weight) bajar (bahHAHR)

7You may recall that we learned bajar means "to go down" and "to get off." You now know thatthis multifaceted verb can also mean "to lose weight." However, since this verb can have differentmeanings, you must always use bajar along with a word referring to "weight" or to a weightmeasurement in order to convey this meaning.

8 I have to drop three kilos. Tengo que bajar tres kilos. (TEHNgoh keh bahHAHR trehs KEElohs)

9 the doctor told me that (the doctor said to me that)

el doctor me dijo que (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh)

10 The doctor told me that I have to drop threekilos!

¡El doctor me dijo que tengo que bajartres kilos! (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh TEHNgohkeh bahHAHR trehs KEElohs)

11 I must eat less! ¡Debo comer menos! (DEHboh kohMEHR MEHnohs)

12 if I want to lose weight si quiero adelgazar (see KYEHroh ahdthehlgahSAHR)

13 The doctor told me that I must eat less if Iwant to lose weight.

El doctor me dijo que debo comermenos si quiero adelgazar. (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh DEHbohkohMEHR MEHnohs see KYEHrohahdthehlgahSAHR)

14 to gain weight engordar (ehngohrDTHAHR )

15 I gained weight engordé (ehngohrDTHEH)



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16 I think that I gained weight. Creo que engordé. (KREHoh keh ehngohrDTHEH)

17 They don't fit me well anymore! ¡Ya no me quedan bien! (yah noh meh KEHdthahn byehn)

18 These pants don't fit me well anymore. I thinkI gained weight.

¡Estos pantalones ya no me quedanbien! Creo que engordé. (EHStohs pahntahLOHnehs yah noh mehKEHdthahn byehn KREHoh kehehngohrDTHEH)

19 diet dieta (DYEHtah)

20 I'm on a diet. Estoy a dieta. (ehsTOY ah DYEHtah)

21Did you say *Estoy en una dieta? That was close! In Spanish, some phrases use thepreposition a en una in order to express the relation "on" or "on a," in this case. Someexamples of this are: "on a diet" (a dieta), "on foot" (a pie), and "to be on time" (llegar atiempo).

22 I'm on a diet because I have to drop five kilos.Estoy a dieta porque tengo que bajarcinco kilos. (ehsTOY ah DYEHtah POHRkeh TEHNgohkeh bahHAHR SEENkoh KEElohs)

23 fat grasa (GRAHsah)

24 low-fat (low in fats)

bajo en grasas (BAHhoh ehn GRAHsahs)

25 low-fat diet dieta baja en grasas (DYEHtah BAHhah ehn GRAHsahs)

26 I'm on a low-fat diet. (I'm doing a diet low in fats.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja engrasas. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs)

27 weight peso (PEHsoh)

28 I have to drop weight. Tengo que bajar de peso. (TEHNgoh keh bahHAHR deh PEHsoh)

29 I'm on a low-fat diet because I have to dropweight.

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja engrasas porque tengo que bajar depeso. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs POHRkeh TEHNgohkeh bahHAHR deh PEHsoh)

30 to watch my weight (to take care of my weight)

cuidar mi peso (kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsoh)

31 I have to watch my weight. Tengo que cuidar mi peso. (TEHNgoh keh kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsoh)


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32 to gain more weight engordar más (ehngohrDTHAHR mahs)



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English Spanish

33 I have to watch my weight. I don't want to gainmore weight!

Tengo que cuidar mi peso. ¡No quieroengordar más! (TEHNgoh keh kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsohnoh KYEHroh ehngohrDTHAHR mahs)

34 figure figura (feeGOOrah)

35 to watch my figure cuidar mi figura (kweeDTHAHR mee feeGOOrah)

36 I'm on a low-fat diet because I want to watchmy figure.

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja engrasas porque quiero cuidar mi figura. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs POHRkeh KYEHrohkweeDTHAHR mee feeGOOrah)

37 I can't eat that because I'm watching myfigure.

No puedo comer eso porque estoycuidando mi figura. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR EHsohPOHRkeh ehsTOY kweeDTHAHNdoh meefeeGOOrah)


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I can't eat sweet things because I'm diabetic.No puedo comer cosas dulces porque soydiabético.

English Spanish

1 I can't eat sweet things because I'm diabetic.No puedo comer cosas dulces porquesoy diabético. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahsDOOLsehs POHRkeh soy dyahBEHteekoh)

2 sweet dulce (DOOLseh)

3 Dulce is the word for both the adjective "sweet" and the noun "candy."

4 sweet things cosas dulces (KOHsahs DOOLsehs)

5 I can't eat sweet things.No puedo comer cosas dulces. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahsDOOLsehs)

6 diabetic diabético (dyahBEHteekoh)

7 I'm diabetic. Soy diabético. (soy dyahBEHteekoh)

8 special especial (ehspehSYAHL)

9 a special diet una dieta especial (OOnah DYEHtah ehspehSYAHL)

10 I'm on a special diet. (I'm doing a special diet.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta especial. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahehspehSYAHL)

11 I'm on a special diet because I'm diabetic.

Estoy haciendo una dieta especialporque soy diabética. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahehspehSYAHL POHRkeh soydyahBEHteekah)

12 I'm diabetic and I need a special diet.Soy diabético y necesito una dietaespecial. (soy dyahBEHteekoh ee nehsehSEEtohOOnah DYEHtah ehspehSYAHL)

13 I'd like to try the dessert.Me gustaría probar el postre. (meh goostahREEah prohBAHR ehlPOHStreh)

14 I'd like to try the dessert but I'm diabetic and Ican't eat sweet things.

Me gustaría probar el postre pero soydiabético y no puedo comer cosasdulces. (meh goostahREEah prohBAHR ehlPOHStreh PEHroh soy dyahBEHteekoh eenoh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahs


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noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahsDOOLsehs)

15 dairy lácteos (LAHKteohs)

16 I can't eat dairy. No puedo comer lácteos. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR LAHKteohs)



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English Spanish

17 lactose intolerant intolerante a la lactosa (eentohlehRAHNteh ah lah lahkTOHsah)

18 I can't eat diary because I'm lactoseintolerant.

No puedo comer lácteos porque soyintolerante a la lactosa. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR LAHKteohsPOHRkeh soy eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

19 to do bad hacer mal (ahSEHR mahl)

20 It doesn't agree with me. (It does me bad.)

Me hace mal. (meh AHseh mahl)

21 Milk doesn't agree with me. La leche me hace mal. (lah LEHcheh meh AHseh mahl)

22 cheese queso (KEHsoh)

23 I can't eat cheese because it doesn't agreewith me.

No puedo comer queso porque me hacemal. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KEHsohPOHRkeh meh AHseh mahl)

24 Cheese doesn't agree with me because I'mlactose intolerant.

El queso me hace mal porque soyintolerante a la lactosa. (ehl KEHsoh meh AHseh mahl POHRkehsoy eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

25 Dairy doesn't agree with me. Los lácteos me hacen mal. (lohs LAHKteohs meh AHsehn mahl)

26 Did you remember to change hace to hacen in order to agree with the plural noun lácteos?

27 I made it without cheese. Lo hice sin queso. (loh EEseh seen KEHsoh)

28 I know that you are lactose intolerant.Sé que eres intolerante a la lactosa. (seh keh EHrehs eentohlehRAHNteh ahlah lahkTOHsah)

29 I made it without cheese because I know thatyou are lactose intolerant.

Lo hice sin queso porque sé que eresintolerante a la lactosa. (loh EEseh seen KEHsoh POHRkeh seh kehEHrehs eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

30 I made them los hice (lohs EEseh)

31 I made them without sugar because I knowthat you are diabetic.

Los hice sin azúcar porque sé que eresdiabética. (lohs EEseh seen ahSOOkahr POHRkehseh keh EHrehs dyahBEHteekah)

32 I can't eat peanuts because I'm allergic.No puedo comer maní porque soyalérgica.


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32 I can't eat peanuts because I'm allergic. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR mahNEEPOHRkeh soy ahLEHRheekah)



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English Spanish

33 I made the cookies without peanuts because Iknow that you are allergic.

Hice las galletas sin maní porque séque eres alérgica. (EEseh lahs gahYEHtahs seen mahNEEPOHRkeh seh keh EHrehs ahLEHRheekah)

34 vegetarian vegetariano (behhehtahRYAHnoh)

35 I'm vegetarian and don't eat meat.Soy vegetariano y no como carne. (soy behhehtahRYAHnoh ee noh KOHmohKAHRneh)

36

Although Latinos love meat, you will be able to find a reasonable number of vegetarianrestaurants and an interest in vegetarianism throughout Latin America (especially in hot spotsand big cities). Just remember that "meat" in Spanish means "red meat" and it doesn't includefish or chicken! Therefore, try to explain as best you can what your dietary requirements are inorder to avoid misunderstandings.

37 I made this dish without meat because I knowthat you're vegetarian.

Hice este plato sin carne porque sé queeres vegetariano. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen KAHRnehPOHRkeh seh keh EHrehsbehhehtahRYAHnoh)


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This pudding contains less fat.Este budín contiene menos grasas.

English Spanish

1 This pudding contains less fat.Este budín contiene menos grasas. (EHSteh booDTHEEN kohnTYEHnehMEHnohs GRAHsahs)

2 to contain contener (kohntehNEHR)

3 it contains contiene (kohnTYEHneh)

4 pudding budín (booDTHEEN)

5 The pudding contains... El budín contiene... (ehl booDTHEEN kohnTYEHneh)

6 It contains less fat. Contiene menos grasas. (kohnTYEHneh MEHnohs GRAHsahs)

7 What does this dish contain? ¿Qué contiene este plato? (keh kohnTYEHneh EHSteh PLAHtoh)

8 What does this pudding contain? ¿Qué contiene este budín? (keh kohnTYEHneh EHSteh booDTHEEN)

9 Excuse me. Do these cookies containoatmeal?

Disculpe, ¿estas galletas contienenavena? (deesKOOLpeh EHStahs gahYEHtahskohnTYEHnehn ahBEHnah)

10 nuts nueces (NWEHsehs)

11 Does it contain nuts? ¿Contiene nueces? (kohnTYEHneh NWEHsehs)

12 You can eat this pudding. It doesn't containnuts.

Puedes comer este budín. No contienenueces. (PWEHdthehs kohMEHR EHStehbooDTHEEN noh kohnTYEHneh NWEHsehs)

13 This pudding only contains a little bit of nuts.Este budín sólo contiene un poco denueces. (EHSteh booDTHEEN SOHloh kohnTYEHnehoon POHkoh deh NWEHsehs)

14 contains [subjunctive] contenga (kohnTEHNgah)

15 food that contains flourcomida que contenga harina (kohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgahahREEnah)

16 Thanks but I can't eat food that contains flour.

Gracias pero no puedo comer comidaque contenga harina. (GRAHsyahs PEHroh noh PWEHdthoh


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kohMEHR kohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgahahREEnah)



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English Spanish

17 I can't eat desserts that contain sugar.No puedo comer postres quecontengan azúcar. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR POHStrehs kehkohnTEHNgahn ahSOOkahr)

18 artificial sweetener edulcorante (ehdthoolkohRAHNteh)

19 You will frequently hear people say endulzante for "artificial sweetener" as well.

20 just sólo (SOHloh)

21 just a little bit of artificial sweetenersólo un poco de edulcorante (SOHloh oon POHkoh dehehdthoolkohRAHNteh)

22 This dessert doesn't contain sugar, just a littlebit of artificial sweetener.

Este postre no contiene azúcar, sólo unpoco de edulcorante. (EHSteh POHStreh noh kohnTYEHnehahSOOkahr SOHloh oon POHkoh dehehdthoolkohRAHNteh)

23 I can't eat cookies that contain nuts. I'mallergic!

No puedo comer galletas quecontengan nueces. ¡Soy alérgico! (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR gahYEHtahskeh kohnTEHNgahn NWEHsehs soyahLEHRheekoh)

24 gluten gluten (GLOOtehn)

25 Generally speaking, gluten is a type of protein that can be found in foods processed from wheatand other related grains, like barley or rye.

26 Does this dessert contain gluten?¿Este postre contiene gluten? (EHSteh POHStreh kohnTYEHnehGLOOtehn)

27 food without gluten comida sin gluten (kohMEEdthah seen GLOOtehn)

28 I have to eat food without gluten because itdoesn't agree with me.

Tengo que comer comida sin glutenporque me hace mal. (TEHNgoh keh kohMEHR kohMEEdthahseen GLOOtehn POHRkeh meh AHsehmahl)

29 celiac celíaco (sehLEEahkoh)

30Did you know that a great percentage of the human population suffers from gluten allergies? Theceliac disease, also known as gluten intolerance, is one example of this kind of allergy. As aconsequence, many foods are now labeled to clarify whether they are libres de gluten or"gluten free."

31 I'm celiac. I can't eat food that containsgluten.

Soy celíaco. No puedo comer comidaque contenga gluten. (soy sehLEEahkoh noh PWEHdthohkohMEHR kohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgah


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GLOOtehn)



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English Spanish

32If you are celiac and planning to visit Latin America, you'll likely find it difficult to find "gluten-free"food options on menus at restaurants. However, if you are able to prepare the food by yourself,then you'll find it easy to buy gluten-free ingredients in most supermarkets.

33 celiac diet (diet for celiacs)

dieta para celíacos (DYEHtah PAHrah sehLEEahkohs)

34 I'm on a celiac diet. (I'm doing a diet for celiacs.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta para celíacos.(ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahPAHrah sehLEEahkohs)

35 I can't eat gluten because I'm on a celiac diet.

No puedo comer gluten porque estoyhaciendo una dieta para celíacos. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR GLOOtehnPOHRkeh ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnahDYEHtah PAHrah sehLEEahkohs)


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The doctor prohibited me from eating salty foodbecause I have high blood pressure.

El doctor me prohibió comer comida salada porquetengo presión alta.

English Spanish

1 The doctor prohibited me from eating saltyfood because I have high blood pressure.

El doctor me prohibió comer comidasalada porque tengo presión alta. (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRkohMEEdthah sahLAHdthah POHRkehTEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

2 to prohibit prohibir (proeeBEER)

3 (he) prohibited prohibió (proeeBYOH)

4 (he) prohibited me me prohibió (meh proeeBYOH)

5 to prohibit from eating (to prohibit to eat)

prohibir comer (proeeBEER kohMEHR)

6 The doctor prohibited me from eating! ¡El doctor me prohibió comer! (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHR)

7 salty salado (sahLAHdthoh)

8 salty food comida salada (kohMEEdthah sahLAHdthah)

9 The doctor prohibited me from eating saltyfood.

El doctor me prohibió comer comidasalada. (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRkohMEEdthah sahLAHdthah)

10 pressure presión (prehSYOHN)

11 high blood pressure (high pressure)

presión alta (prehSYOHN AHLtah)

12 Because I have high blood pressure. Porque tengo presión alta. (POHRkeh TEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

13

You may also hear Tengo la presión alta. However, the meaning of these two sentences isslightly different. If you say Tengo presión alta, without the use of the article la, the sentenceindicates that one has high blood pressure regularly as a health condition. If you use the articlela before the expression presión alta you indicate that you do not generally have high bloodpressure, but at that moment it is high.

14 It isn't good for me. (It doesn't do me well.)

No me hace bien. (noh meh AHseh byehn)

15 Salt isn't good for me. (The salt doesn't do me well. )

La sal no me hace bien. (lah sahl noh meh AHseh byehn)


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English Spanish

16 Salt isn't good for me because I have highblood pressure.

La sal no me hace bien porque tengopresión alta. (lah sahl noh meh AHseh byehn POHRkehTEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

17 to avoid evitar (ehbeeTAHR)

18 I must avoid eating a lot of sugar.Debo evitar comer mucha azúcar. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR kohMEHR MOOchahahSOOkahr)

19Azúcar is a special type of noun because it can be either masculine or feminine. In otherwords, either gender is acceptable and you can say, for example, mucho azúcar or muchaazúcar.

20 I must avoid eating a lot of sugar because itdoesn't agree with me.

Debo evitar comer mucha azúcarporque me hace mal. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR kohMEHR MOOchahahSOOkahr POHRkeh meh AHseh mahl)

21 (blood) pressure problems problemas de presión (prohBLEHmahs deh prehSYOHN)

22 I have blood pressure problems.Tengo problemas de presión. (TEHNgoh prohBLEHmahs dehprehSYOHN)

23 I must avoid salty food because I have bloodpressure problems.

Debo evitar las comidas saladasporque tengo problemas de presión. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR lahs kohMEEdthahssahLAHdthahs POHRkeh TEHNgohprohBLEHmahs deh prehSYOHN)

24 to advise aconsejar (ahkohnsehHAHR)

25 he advised él aconsejó (ehl ahkohnsehHOH)

26 he advised me él me aconsejó (ehl meh ahkohnsehHOH)

27 He advised me not to use salt in my food.Me aconsejó no usar sal en miscomidas. (meh ahkohnsehHOH noh ooSAHR sahlehn mees kohMEEdthahs)

28 The doctor advised me not to use salt in myfood because I have high blood pressure.

El doctor me aconsejó no usar sal enmis comidas porque tengo presión alta.(ehl dohkTOHR meh ahkohnsehHOH nohooSAHR sahl ehn mees kohMEEdthahsPOHRkeh TEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)


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Chapter 8: Physical Descriptions Descripciones Físicas

Chapter 8: Physical Descriptions

Conversational GoalsAdd Humor to a SituationDescribe Someone’s AppearanceExpress Uncertainty

Grammar GoalsPractice the Future Tense of the VerbsPoder and TenerPractice Using Diminutives andAugmentativesReinforce the Use of Personal Pronoun CliticsUse Adjectives Correctly


Do you remember Luis? ¿Te acuerdas de Luis? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh lwees)

The man who sold us that rug.El hombre que nos vendió ese tapete. (ehl OHMbreh keh nohs behnDYOH EHsehtahPEHteh)

Mmm...the name doesn't ring a bell. What did helook like?

Mmm...no me suena el nombre. ¿Cómoera? (mmm noh meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbrehKOHmoh EHrah)

I think he had big brown eyes...Creo que tenía ojos grandes y marrones... (KREHoh keh tehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehsee mahRROHnehs)

...and that ridiculous hair. ...y ese pelo ridículo. (ee EHseh PEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh)

Ridiculous hair? Honey, you'll have to be morespecific.

¿Pelo ridículo? Corazón, tendrás que sermás especifico. (PEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh kohrahSOHNtehnDRAHS keh sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)

A lot of people have ridiculous hair.Muchas personas tienen el pelo ridículo. (MOOchahs pehrSOHnahs TYEHnehn ehlPEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh)

It was a wig! ¡Era una peluca! (EHrah OOnah pehLOOkah)


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A wig? Is that a joke? ¿Una peluca? ¿Es un chiste? (OOnah pehLOOkah? ehs oon CHEESteh?)

No. It's not a joke! No. ¡No es un chiste! (noh noh ehs oon CHEESteh)


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Do you mean the salesman that had big browneyes?

¿Te refieres al vendedor que tenía ojos grandes ymarrones?

English Spanish

1 Do you mean the salesman that had bigbrown eyes?

¿Te refieres al vendedor que tenía ojosgrandes y marrones? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHRkeh tehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehs eemahRROHnehs)

2 to refer to referirse a (rrehfehREERseh ah)

3 you refer to te refieres a (teh rrehFYEHrehs ah)

4 salesman vendedor (behndehDTHOHR)

5 Do you mean the salesman? (You refer to the salesman?)

¿Te refieres al vendedor? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHR)

6

The verb referirse can be translated both as "to refer" as in "to refer to someone or something"and "to mean." However, in spite of its similarities with its meanings in English, referirse doesnot mean "to refer someone for a position of employment" in Spanish. Because of this referirsemust always be followed by what the speaker is referring to, or means. For this reason,referirse, must always be followed by the preposition "to" (a). This is why the correct responseto the previous slide is ¿Te refieres al vendedor?, and not *¿Te refieres el vendedor? Keep this in mind as we work through this lesson.

7 (I/ he/ she/ it/ you [formal]) had tenía (tehNEEah)

8 big eyes ojos grandes (OHhohs GRAHNdehs)

9 He had big eyes. Tenía ojos grandes. (tehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehs)

10 brown marrón (mahRROHN)

11 You may also hear the terms café or castaño used to refer to the color brown.

12 big brown eyes (eyes big and brown)

ojos grandes y marrones (OHhohs GRAHNdehs ee mahRROHnehs)

13Did you notice the position of the adjectives? Unlike English, in Spanish the adjectives may comeafter or before the noun. Generally though, in Spanish adjectives come after the noun and arelinked with the word y (and) between the last two.

14 Didn't he have...? ¿No tenía...? (noh tehNEEah)

15 Didn't he have green eyes? ¿No tenía ojos verdes? (noh tehNEEah OHhohs BEHRdthehs)


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English Spanish

16 wavy ondulado (ohndooLAHdthoh)

17 the salesman with wavy hair (the salesman of wavy hair)

el vendedor de pelo ondulado (ehl behndehDTHOHR deh PEHlohohndooLAHdthoh)

18 Do you mean the salesman with wavy hair?¿Te refieres al vendedor de peloondulado? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHRdeh PEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh)

19 Do you mean the salesman with wavy hair?Didn't he have green eyes too?

¿Te refieres al vendedor de peloondulado? ¿No tenía ojos verdestambién? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHRdeh PEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh nohtehNEEah OHhohs BEHRdthehstahmBYEHN)

20 man hombre (OHMbreh)

21 the man that had el hombre que tenía (ehl OHMbreh keh tehNEEah)

22 The man that had blue eyes and wavy hair.El hombre que tenía ojos azules y peloondulado. (ehl OHMbreh keh tehNEEah OHhohsahSOOlehs ee PEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh)

23 I refer me refiero (meh rrehFYEHroh)

24 I mean the man. (I refer to the man.)

Me refiero al hombre. (meh rrehFYEHroh ahl OHMbreh)

25 Yes, I mean the man that had green eyes andwavy hair.

Sí, me refiero al hombre que tenía ojosverdes y pelo ondulado. (see meh rrehFYEHroh ahl OHMbreh kehtehNEEah OHhohs BEHRdthehs ee PEHlohohndooLAHdthoh)

26 I mean him. Me refiero a él. (meh rrehFYEHroh ah ehl)

27 straight lacio (LAHsyoh)

28 The salesman with straight hair.El vendedor de pelo lacio. (ehl behndehDTHOHR deh PEHlohLAHsyoh)

29 Do you remember José, the salesman withstraight hair?

¿Te acuerdas de José, el vendedor depelo lacio? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh hohSEH ehlbehndehDTHOHR deh PEHloh LAHsyoh)

30 mole lunar (looNAHR)


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31 cheek mejilla (mehHEEyah)

32 It is also common to hear people refer to the cheek as cachete.



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English Spanish

33 She has a mole on her cheek.Tiene un lunar en la mejilla. (TYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lahmehHEEyah)

34Did you get it right? Recall the phrase, Me quemé la mano (I burned my hand), which literallytranslates as "I burned [myself on] the hand." Since it is already clear that we are referring to amole that "she" has, it is understood that it is on "her" cheek. Therefore, we simply say, lamejilla (the cheek). It would be redundant in Spanish to say su mejilla.

35 mouth boca (BOHkah)

36 close to the mouth cerca de la boca (SEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

37 She has a mole on her cheek, close to hermouth.

Tiene un lunar en la mejilla, cerca de laboca. (TYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lahmehHEEyah SEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

38 woman mujer (mooHEHR)

39 The woman that has a mole on her cheek.La mujer que tiene un lunar en lamejilla. (lah mooHEHR keh TYEHneh oon looNAHRehn lah mehHEEyah)

40 I mean the woman that has a mole on hercheek, close to her mouth.

Me refiero a la mujer que tiene un lunaren la mejilla, cerca de la boca. (meh rrehFYEHroh ah lah mooHEHR kehTYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lahmehHEEyah SEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

41 Do you know who I mean? ¿Sabes a quién me refiero? (SAHbehs ah kyehn meh rrehFYEHroh)

42 I think that I know who you mean!¡Creo que sé a quién te refieres! (KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn tehrrehFYEHrehs)

43 ear oreja (ohREHhah)

44 nose nariz (nahREES)

45 big ears and small noseorejas grandes y nariz pequeña (ohREHhahs GRAHNdehs ee nahREESpehKEHnyah)

46 The man with big ears and a small nose?¿El hombre de orejas grandes y narizpequeña? (ehl OHMbreh deh ohREHhahsGRAHNdehs ee nahREES pehKEHnyah)

47 I think that I know who you mean! The man

¡Creo que sé a quién te refieres! ¿Alhombre de orejas grandes y narizpequeña? (KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn teh


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47 with big ears and a small nose? (KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn tehrrehFYEHrehs ahl OHMbreh dehohREHhahs GRAHNdehs ee nahREESpehKEHnyah)



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English Spanish

48

Do you remember how you learned to form diminutives using endings like -ita, -ito, -cita, and -cito, to talk about relative size (in the case of diminutives, a reduced size)? Just like diminutives,there are also augmentative endings, e.g., -ote, -ota that are used to talk about a larger size. For example, if you were to refer to a big nose, you could say una nariz grande or use theaugmentative form, una narizota. For these next few slides try to apply the appropriatediminutive and/or augmentative ending. Ready?

49 Those big eyes! ¡Esos ojotes! (EHsohs ohHOHtehs)

50 And his huge nose! ¡Y su narizota! (ee soo nahreeSOHtah)

51 She had itty bitty ears! ¡Tenía unas orejitas! (tehNEEah OOnahs ohrehHEEtahs)


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The one who sold us the car.El que nos vendió el carro.

English Spanish

1 The one who sold us the car. El que nos vendió el carro. (ehl keh nohs behnDYOH ehl KAHrroh)

2 The one who... El / La que... (ehl / lah keh)

3 (he) sold vendió (behnDYOH)

4 (he) sold us nos vendió (nohs behnDYOH)

5 car carro (KAHrroh)

6 Depending on the country, you will also hear people use the words coche or auto insteadof carro.

7 Do you remember the one who sold us thecar?

¿Te acuerdas del que nos vendió elcarro? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs dehl keh nohsbehnDYOH ehl KAHrroh)

8Did you get it right? Remember we use the verb acordarse de to refer to rememberingsomething or someone specifically. Also, recall that when together, the preposition de and thearticle el will always unite to form del in order to make pronunciation much easier. When wepronounce de el at a conversational pace, it always comes out as del anyway.

9 to help ayudar (ahyooDTHAHR)

10 (he) helped ayudó (ahyooDTHOH)

11 (he) helped us paint the house ((he) helped us to paint the house)

nos ayudó a pintar la casa (nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHR lahKAHsah)

12 The one who helped us paint the house.La que nos ayudó a pintar la casa. (lah keh nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHRlah KAHsah)

13 Do you remember the woman who helped us?¿Te acuerdas de la mujer que nosayudó? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh lah mooHEHRkeh nohs ahyooDTHOH)

14 The one with... El / La de... (ehl / lah deh)

15 The one with a small mouth. La de boca pequeña. (lah deh BOHkah pehKEHnyah)

16 wig peluca (pehLOOkah)

17 ridiculous ridículo


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17 ridiculous (rreeDTHEEkooloh)



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English Spanish

18 ridiculous wig peluca ridícula (pehLOOkah rreeDTHEEkoolah)

19 The one with a small mouth and thatridiculous wig.

La de boca pequeña y esa pelucaridícula. (lah deh BOHkah pehKEHnyah ee EHsahpehLOOkah rreeDTHEEkoolah)

20 Who do you mean? (To who do you refer?)

¿A quién te refieres? (ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs)

21Who do you mean? The one with a smallmouth and ridiculous wig? (To who do you mean? To the one with smallmouth and ridiculous wig?)

¿A quién te refieres? ¿A la de bocapequeña y peluca ridícula? (ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs ah lah dehBOHkah pehKEHnyah ee pehLOOkahrreeDTHEEkoolah)

22 beard barba (BAHRbah)

23 horrible horrible (ohRREEbleh)

24 The one with the horrible beard? ¿El de barba horrible? (ehl deh BAHRbah ohRREEbleh)

25 Do you mean the one with the horrible beard?¿Te refieres al de barba horrible? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl deh BAHRbahohRREEbleh)

26 For this next slide keep in mind that since the verb is modified to agree with the subject of thesentence, you don't actually use the personal pronoun. Ready?

27 Isn't he / she...? ¿No es...? (noh es)

28 mustache bigote (beeGOHteh)

29 Isn't he the one with the ridiculous mustache?¿No es el de bigote ridículo? (noh ehs ehl deh beeGOHtehrreeDTHEEkooloh)

30 Oh, I think that I know who you mean! Isn't hethe one with the ridiculous mustache?

¡Ah, creo que sé a quién te refieres!¿No es el de bigote ridículo? (ah KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn tehrrehFYEHrehs noh ehs ehl dehbeeGOHteh rreeDTHEEkooloh)

31 tattoo tatuaje (tahTWAHheh)

32 tattoos on his arms and legs (tattoos on the arms and legs)

tatuajes en los brazos y piernas (tahTWAHhehs ehn lohs BRAHsohs eePYEHRnahs)

33Do you remember the man who sold us thecar, the one with the tattoos on his arms and

¿Te acuerdas del hombre que nosvendió el carro, el de los tatuajes en losbrazos y piernas? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs dehl OHMbreh keh


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legs? nohs behnDYOH ehl KAHrroh ehl deh lohstahTWAHhehs ehn lohs BRAHsohs eePYEHRnahs)



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English Spanish

34 Oh, right! The one with the tattoos! ¡Ah, cierto! ¡El de los tatuajes! (ah SYEHRtoh ehl deh lohs tahTWAHhehs)

35 hairstyle peinado (peyNAHdthoh)

36 weird raro (RRAHroh)

37 The one who had that weird hairstyle.La que tenía ese peinado raro. (lah keh tehNEEah EHseh peyNAHdthohRRAHroh)

38 The one who helped us paint the house is theone who had that weird hairstyle.

La que nos ayudó a pintar la casa es laque tenía ese peinado raro. (lah keh nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHRlah KAHsah ehs lah keh tehNEEah EHsehpeyNAHdthoh RRAHroh)

39 Her hairstyle was weird! ¡Su peinado era raro! (soo peyNAHdthoh EHrah RRAHroh)

40Did you answer the previous slide correctly by using era instead of fue? Remember, era is usedto refer to events in the past that occurred over a period of time, versus only once or a few timesin the past.

41 Yes, I remember her. But her hairstyle wasn'tweird, it was horrible!

Sí la recuerdo. ¡Pero su peinado no erararo, era horrible! (see lah rrehKWEHRdthoh PEHroh soopeyNAHdthoh noh EHrah RRAHroh EHrahohRREEbleh)

42 fair-skinned person güero (GWEHroh)

43

Güero, or the feminine form güera, is a term used frequently in many Latin American countriesto describe a person who has a light complexion. However, keep in mind this may be a differentskin tone than what you may have in mind, because darker skin tones are more common in LatinAmerica. Güero / güera, or the diminutive forms güerito / güerita, are also commonnicknames.

44 rug tapete (tahPEHteh)

45 The fair-skinned guy who sold us the rug.El güero que nos vendió el tapete. (ehl GWEHroh keh nohs behnDYOH ehltahPEHteh)

46 No, I mean the fair-skinned girl with greeneyes who helped us find the rug.

No, me refiero a la güera de ojosverdes que nos ayudó a encontrar eltapete. (noh meh rrehFYEHroh ah lah GWEHrahdeh OHhohs BEHRdthehs keh nohsahyooDTHOH ah ehnkohnTRAHR ehltahPEHteh)


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How was he dressed? ¿Cómo estaba vestido?English Spanish

1 How was he dressed? ¿Cómo estaba vestido? (KOHmoh ehsTAHbah behsTEEdthoh)

2 How was he? ¿Cómo estaba? (KOHmoh ehsTAHbah)

3 dressed vestido (behsTEEdthoh)

4 Was she well dressed? ¿Estaba bien vestida? (ehsTAHbah byehn behsTEEdthah)

5 She was well dressed and had a beautifulhairstyle.

Estaba bien vestida y tenía un peinadohermoso. (ehsTAHbah byehn behsTEEdthah eetehNEEah oon peyNAHdthoh ehrMOHsoh)

6 What did he look like? (How was (he)?)

¿Cómo era? (KOHmoh EHrah)

7 Remember that era is used to refer to the nature of something or things that are morepermanent, like physical traits and characteristics, in the past tense.

8 How was his hairstyle? ¿Cómo era su peinado? (KOHmoh EHrah soo peyNAHdthoh)

9 It was horrible! ¡Era horrible! (EHrah ohRREEbleh)

10 handsome guapo (GWAHpoh)

11 Was he handsome? ¿Era guapo? (EHrah GWAHpoh)

12 slender delgado (dehlGAHdthoh)

13 She was pretty and slender. Era bonita y delgada. (EHrah bohNEEtah ee dehlGAHdthah)

14 He was handsome, slender, and had blueeyes.

Era guapo, delgado y tenía ojos azules.(EHrah GWAHpoh dehlGAHdthoh eetehNEEah OHhohs ahSOOlehs)

15 skinny flaca (FLAHkah)

16

Although delgado and flaco may seem to have the same literal meaning, there's a slightdifference as far as the general undertone that the word may carry. In many Latin Americancountries, flaco has a negative connotation as it denotes someone who is too skinny, or evenunderweight. Delgado, on the other hand, is more positive in meaning and commonly isunderstood to mean "slender."



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17 Now she is very skinny. Ahora está muy flaca. (ahOHrah ehsTAH mwee FLAHkah)

18 Did you answer correctly? The use of ahora (now) indicates that we are referring to a state thathas recently changed, in this case someone's weight, and as such we use está and not es.

19 She was pretty but now she is very skinny.Era bonita pero ahora está muy flaca. (EHrah bohNEEtah PEHroh ahOHrahehsTAH mwee FLAHkah)

20 ugly feo (FEHoh)

21In Spanish there's a proverb that says, "El hombre es como el oso: cuanto más feo, máshermoso," which literally translates as, "Man is like a bear, the more ugly, the more lovely,"meaning that the beauty of our physical appearance isn't as important as the beauty of ourhearts.

22 He was very fat and ugly! ¡Era muy gordo y feo! (EHrah mwee GOHRdthoh ee FEHoh)

23 He was very ugly and had a horriblemustache!

¡Era muy feo y tenía un bigote horrible!(EHrah mwee FEHoh ee tehNEEah oonbeeGOHteh ohRREEbleh)

24 She was fat but now she is much moreslender.

Estaba gorda pero ahora está muchomás delgada. (ehsTAHbah GOHRdthah PEHroh ahOHrahehsTAH MOOchoh mahs dehlGAHdthah)

25 When we met he was fat but now he is muchmore slender.

Cuando nos conocimos estaba gordopero ahora está mucho más delgado. (KWAHNdoh nohs kohnohSEEmohsehsTAHbah GOHRdthoh PEHroh ahOHrahehsTAH MOOchoh mahs dehlGAHdthoh)


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The name rings a bell, but I'm not sure.Me suena el nombre, pero no estoy seguro.

English Spanish

1 The name rings a bell, but I'm not sure.Me suena el nombre, pero no estoyseguro. (meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh PEHrohnoh ehsTOY sehGOOroh)

2 It rings a bell. (It sounds to me.)

Me suena. (meh SWEHnah)

3 The phrase me suena was previously taught as meaning "sounds to me" in English. However,now we are using this as the English expression "to ring a bell," in the sense of "to sound familiar."

4 The name rings a bell. Me suena el nombre. (meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh)

5 In Spanish, the phrases Me suena (It rings a bell) and Me suena conocido (It sounds familiarto me) are synonymous phrases and are used interchangeably.

6 sure seguro (sehGOOroh)

7 I'm not sure. No estoy seguro. (noh ehsTOY sehGOOroh)

8 Does it ring a bell? (Does it sound to you?)

¿Te suena? (teh SWEHnah)

9 Does the name ring a bell? ¿Te suena el nombre? (teh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh)

10 I think so. (I believe that yes.)

Creo que sí. (KREHoh keh see)

11 I think so but I'm not sure.Creo que sí pero no estoy segura. (KREHoh keh see PEHroh noh ehsTOYsehGOOrah)

12 No, it doesn't ring a bell. No, no me suena. (noh noh meh SWEHnah)

13 Does the last name ring a bell? ¿Te suena el apellido? (teh SWEHnah ehl ahpehYEEdthoh)

14 face cara (KAHrah)

15 I don't remember his face.No me acuerdo de su cara. (noh meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh sooKAHrah)

16 The last name sounds familiar to me.El apellido me suena conocido. (ehl ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)



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English Spanish

17 The last name sounds familiar to me but Idon't remember his face.

El apellido me suena conocido pero nome acuerdo de su cara. (ehl ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh PEHroh noh mehahKWEHRdthoh deh soo KAHrah)

18 to seem parecer (pahrehSEHR)

19 to seem to me parecerme (pahrehSEHRmeh)

20 It seems to me. Me parece. (meh pahREHseh)

21 She seems familiar to me. Me parece conocida. (meh pahREHseh kohnohSEEdthah)

22 His face seems familiar to me.Su cara me parece conocida. (soo KAHrah meh pahREHsehkohnohSEEdthah)

23 His face seems familiar to me but his namedoesn't ring a bell.

Su cara me parece conocida pero elnombre no me suena. (soo KAHrah meh pahREHsehkohnohSEEdthah PEHroh ehl NOHMbrehnoh meh SWEHnah)


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You'll have to be more specific.Tendrás que ser más específico.

English Spanish

1 You'll have to be more specific.Tendrás que ser más específico. (tehnDRAHS keh sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)

2 specific específico (ehspehSEEfeekoh)

3 to be more specific ser más específico (sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

4 you will have to tendrás que (tehnDRAHS keh)

5 Who are you talking about? (Of who do you speak?)

¿De quién hablas? (deh kyehn AHblahs)

6 Who are you talking about? You'll have to bemore specific!

¿De quién hablas? ¡Tendrás que sermás específico! (deh kyehn AHblahs tehnDRAHS keh sehrmahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

7 Can you be more specific?¿Puedes ser más específica? (PWEHdthehs sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekah)

8 I'm not sure who you are talking about. Canyou be more specific?

No estoy seguro de quién hablas.¿Puedes ser más específico? (noh ehsTOY sehGOOroh deh kyehnAHblahs PWEHdthehs sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)

9 description descripción (dehskreepSYOHN)

10 a more specific descriptionuna descripción más específica (OOnah dehskreepSYOHN mahsehspehSEEfeekah)

11 Can you give me a more specific description?

¿Me puedes dar una descripción másespecífica? (meh PWEHdthehs dahr OOnahdehskreepSYOHN mahsehspehSEEfeekah)

12 to help me ayudarme (ahyooDTHAHRmeh)

13 It doesn't help me. No me ayuda. (noh meh ahYOOdthah)

14 Your description doesn't help me.Tu descripción no me ayuda. (too dehskreepSYOHN noh mehahYOOdthah)

15 could you podrás (pohDTHRAHS)


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English Spanish

16

We previously learned podría as meaning "could," which is the conditional form of poder ("can"or "to be able to"). Podrás is also translated as "could" in English, even though podrás isactually the future tense of poder. Although both of these have the same translation in English,it is important to remember that when you want to ask someone if they can do something in thefuture you will use podrás or podrá (formal), and if you are stating or inquiring about theconditions under which something may happen you will use podrías or podría (formal).

17 Could you be more specific with yourdescription?

¿Podrás ser más específico con tudescripción? (pohDTHRAHS sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh kohn toodehskreepSYOHN)

18 I don't know who you mean. (I don't know to who you refer.)

No sé a quién te refieres. (noh seh ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs)

19 I don't know who you mean. Could you bemore specific with your description?

No sé a quién te refieres. ¿Podrás sermás específico con tu descripción? (noh seh ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehspohDTHRAHS sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh kohn toodehskreepSYOHN)

20 person persona (pehrSOHnah)

21 people (persons)

personas (pehrSOHnahs)

22

You previously learned gente as a way to say "people." Personas is another way to say thesame thing, and in terms of their meaning, both personas and gente are generallyinterchangeable words. However, in terms of number, personas and gente are a bit different,since gente is singular and personas is plural. It is important to remember this fact when itcomes to making sure that both words agree in number with their modifier(s) or verbs.

23 honey (heart)

corazón (kohrahSOHN)

24 Honey, a lot of people have ridiculoushairstyles!

Corazón, ¡muchas personas tienenpeinados ridículos! (kohrahSOHN MOOchahs pehrSOHnahsTYEHnehn peyNAHdthohsrreeDTHEEkoolohs)

25 A lot of people have ridiculous hairstyles.Could you be more specific?

Muchas personas tienen peinadosridículos. ¿Podrás ser más específico? (MOOchahs pehrSOHnahs TYEHnehnpeyNAHdthohs rreeDTHEEkoolohspohDTHRAHS sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)


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Are you joking or being serious?¿Estás bromeando o hablando en serio?

English Spanish

1 Are you joking or being serious?¿Estás bromeando o hablando en serio?(ehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh ohahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh)

2 to joke / to kid bromear (brohmehAHR)

3 joking bromeando (brohmehAHNdoh)

4 Are you joking? ¿Estás bromeando? (ehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh)

5 speaking hablando (ahBLAHNdoh)

6 seriously en serio (ehn SEHryoh)

7 Are you being serious? (Are you speaking seriously?)

¿Estás hablando en serio? (ehsTAHS ahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh)

8 to joke / to kid (with) me bromearme (brohmehAHRmeh)

9 Are you kidding me? ¿Me estás bromeando? (meh ehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh)

10 to believe it creerlo (krehEHRloh)

11 I can believe it. Lo puedo creer. (loh PWEHdthoh krehEHR)

12 I can't believe it! Are you kidding me?¡No lo puedo creer! ¿Me estásbromeando? (noh loh PWEHdthoh krehEHR mehehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh)

13 I'm being serious! ¡Estoy hablando en serio! (ehsTOY ahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh)

14 funny gracioso (grahSYOHsoh)

15 It's not funny! ¡No es gracioso! (noh ehs grahSYOHsoh)

16 It doesn't seem funny to me! ¡No me parece gracioso! (noh meh pahREHseh grahSYOHsoh)

17 a joke un chiste (oon CHEESteh)



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18 Is it a joke? ¿Es un chiste? (es oon CHEESteh)

19 Is it a joke? It doesn't seem funny to me!¿Es un chiste? ¡No me parece gracioso!(es oon CHEESteh noh meh pahREHsehgrahSYOHsoh)

20 to make a joke hacer un chiste (ahSEHR oon CHEESteh)

21 Are you making a joke? (Are you making a joke to me?)

¿Me estás haciendo un chiste? (meh ehsTAHS ahSYEHNdoh oonCHEESteh)

22 I don't understand the joke! ¡No entiendo el chiste! (noh ehnTYEHNdoh ehl CHEESteh)

23 It's not a joke! I'm being serious!¡No es un chiste! ¡Estoy hablando enserio! (noh ehs oon CHEESteh ehsTOYahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh )

24 a jest una broma (OOnah BROHmah)

25 It's not a jest! ¡No es una broma! (noh ehs OOnah BROHmah)

26 If it's a jest, it is not funny!¡Si es una broma no es graciosa! (see ehs OOnah BROHmah noh ehsgrahSYOHsah)

27In this Chapter we've been talking about hair, hair color, and interestingly enough jokes that arerelated with them. With that said, there is actually a saying that connects each of these topics inan interesting way. In Spanish, we use the saying Se pasa de castaño oscuro whichtranslates, "It goes beyond chestnut" and means, "It's beyond a joke." Interesting, isn't it?

28 That's a bad jest! ¡Esa es una mala broma! (EHsah ehs OOnah MAHlah BROHmah)

29 Is it true? ¿Es verdad? (ehs behrDTHAHDTH)

30 Is it true or a joke? ¿Es verdad o un chiste? (ehs behrDTHAHDTH oh oon CHEESteh)

31 Are you making a joke or is it true?¿Me estás haciendo un chiste o esverdad? (meh ehsTAHS ahSYEHNdoh oon CHEEStehoh ehs behrDTHAHDTH)


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Chapter 9: Getting Ready for the PartyPreparándose para la Fiesta

Chapter 9: Getting Ready for the Party

Conversational GoalsCompliment Someone on Their Clothing orAppearanceExpress That an Event is Dependent onAnotherSay You Have to Verify SomethingTalk About Personal Care and Grooming

Grammar GoalsLearn to Use the Passive seMore Comfortably Use Reflexive VerbsPractice Using ¿Cuánto? as a GeneralInterrogative of MeasurementRecognize the Versatility of the Verb FaltarUse Diminutive Forms With Adverbs of Time


Are you ready for the party? ¿Estás lista para la fiesta? (ehsTAHS LEEStah PAHrah lah FYEHStah)

I still have to do my hair and makeup.Me falta peinarme y maquillarme. (meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh eemahkeeYAHRmeh)

What are you going to wear? ¿Qué te vas a poner? (keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR)

I have to check what I have. Tengo que fijarme qué tengo. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgoh.)

That blouse is beautiful. Why don't you try it on tosee how it looks on you?

Esa blusa es hermosa. ¿Por qué no te lapruebas para ver cómo se te ve? (EHsah BLOOsah ehs ehrMOHsah pohr kehnoh teh lah PRWEHbahs PAHrah behrKOHmoh seh teh beh)

I'll do it in a second but I have to take a showerbefore I get dressed.

Ahorita lo hago pero tengo que bañarmeantes de vestirme. (aohREEtah loh AHgoh PEHroh TEHNgoh kehbahNYAHRmeh AHNtehs deh behsTEERmeh)


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Give me five minutes to get ready.Dame cinco minutos para alistarme.

English Spanish

1 Give me five minutes to get ready.Dame cinco minutos para alistarme. (DAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs PAHrahahleesTAHRmeh)

2 give me dame (DAHmeh)

3 minute minuto (meeNOOtoh)

4 Give me five minutes. Dame cinco minutos. (DAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs)

5 to get ready alistarse (ahleesTAHRseh)

6By now, you should be quite familiar with reflexive verbs and it is likely that you recognizedalistarse as one of these. Remember that reflexive verbs always use special pronouns, like me,te, se, or nos, that match in person and number with the subject of the sentence.

7 I'm not ready yet. Give me five minutes.Todavía no estoy lista. Dame cincominutos. (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOY LEEStahDAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs)

8 still todavía (tohdthahBEEah)

9 I still have to get ready. Give me ten moreminutes!

Todavía tengo que alistarme. ¡Damediez minutos más! (tohdthahBEEah TEHNgoh kehahleesTAHRmeh DAHmeh dyehsmeeNOOtohs mahs)

10 by para (PAHrah)

11 Can you get ready by five?¿Puedes alistarte para las cinco? (PWEHdthehs ahleesTAHRteh PAHrah lahsSEENkoh)

12 to pick someone up pasar a buscar (pahSAHR ah boosKAHR)

13 I'll pick you up. (I pick you up.)

Te paso a buscar. (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR)

14 I can pick you up. Can you get ready by eight?

Te puedo pasar a buscar. ¿Puedesalistarte para las ocho? (teh PWEHdthoh pahSAHR ah boosKAHRPWEHdthehs ahleesTAHRteh PAHrah lahsOHchoh)

15 prepared preparado (prehpahRAHdthoh)


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16 Are you going to be ready? (Are you going to be prepared?)

¿Vas a estar preparada? (bahs ah ehsTAHR prehpahRAHdthah)



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English Spanish

17You previously learned that listo means ready. Listo (ready) and preparado (literally,"prepared") can both be used to mean "ready." In fact, in many contexts, listo and preparadoare entirely interchangeable. The following slides will give you the opportunity to practice withpreparado. However, listo or lista could also be used in any one of these slides as well.

18 I'll pick you up at seven. Are you going to beready?

Te paso a buscar a las siete. ¿Vas aestar preparada? (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahsSYEHteh bahs ah ehsTAHRprehpahRAHdthah)

19 to start empezar (ehmpehSAHR)

20 it starts empieza (ehmPYEHsah)

21 The party starts at eight.La fiesta empieza a las ocho. (lah FYEHStah ehmPYEHsah ah lahsOHchoh)

22 seven thirty (7:30) (seven and half (7:30))

siete y media (7:30) (SYEHteh ee MEHdthyah)

23 Just as we can say either seven thirty or half past seven in English, you may also hear people usetreinta (thirty) when giving or telling the time in Spanish.

24 I'll pick you up at 6:30.Te paso a buscar a las 6:30. (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahs seysee MEHdthyah)

25 The party starts at seven. I'll pick you up at6:30. Are you going to be ready?

La fiesta empieza a las siete. Te paso abuscar a las 6:30. ¿Vas a estarpreparado? (lah FYEHStah ehmPYEHsah ah lahsSYEHteh teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahsseys ee MEHdthyah bahs ah ehsTAHRprehpahRAHdthoh)

26 I'm not ready for the party yet. What timedoes it start?

Todavía no estoy preparada para lafiesta. ¿A qué hora empieza? (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOYprehpahRAHdthah PAHrah lah FYEHStahah keh OHrah ehmPYEHsah)

27 I can't believe that you are not ready!¡No puedo creer que no estéspreparada! (noh PWEHdthoh krehEHR keh nohehsTEHS prehpahRAHdthah)

28 you will be estarás (ehstahRAHS)

29 What time will you be ready?¿A qué hora estarás preparada? (ah keh OHrah ehstahRAHSprehpahRAHdthah)

30 to be long / to take long tardar (tahrDTHAHR)


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31¿Cuánto? is commonly called a "quantifier" because it can be used to quantify the amount of aphysical object, time, distance, etc. Therefore, since this word is so versatile, it doesn't just mean"How much?" but also "How long?" "How far?" and so on. Keep this in mind for the next slide.

32 How long do you take? ¿Cuánto tardas? (KWAHNtoh TAHRdthahs)



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English Spanish

33 How long do you take to get ready?¿Cuánto tardas en alistarte? (KWAHNtoh TAHRdthahs ehnahleesTAHRteh)

34Just as listo and preparado can be used interchangeably, alistarse and prepararse also workin this same way. So, you could hear either ¿Cuánto tardas en prepararte? or ¿Cuántotardas en alistarte? These both have the same meaning.

35 you will be long / you will take long tardarás (tahrdthahRAHS)

36 Will you take long to get ready? (Will you take long a lot in getting ready?)

¿Tardarás mucho en alistarte? (tahrdthahRAHS MOOchoh ehnahleesTAHRteh)

37 You can also say ¿Tardarás en alistarte? to ask "Will you take long to get ready?" although it ismore common to hear mucho added for emphasis.

38 How long will you take to get ready?¿Cuánto tardarás en alistarte? (KWAHNtoh tahrdthahRAHS ehnahleesTAHRteh)


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I still have to brush my hair and put my make up on.Me falta peinarme y maquillarme.

English Spanish

1 I still have to brush my hair and put my makeup on.

Me falta peinarme y maquillarme. (meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh eemahkeeYAHRmeh)

2 to brush one's hair (to comb one's hair)

peinarse (peyNAHRseh)

3While there is a verb, cepillar, which means "to brush," this verb is commonly used to refer tobrushing one's teeth. Peinarse (literally, "to comb one's [hair]") is also used to refer to brushingone's hair. So, in this lesson we will use peinarse to mean "to brush one's [hair]."

4 to brush my hair peinarme (peyNAHRmeh)

5 to be missing faltar (FAHLtahr)

6 I'm missing ((it) is missing to me)

me falta (meh FAHLtah)

7 I still have to brush my hair. (I'm missing brushing my hair.)

Me falta peinarme. (meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh)

8The verb faltar literally means "to be missing." However, you will find that faltar is a very usefulverb that can have many additional meanings depending on the context. For example, in thislesson we will use faltar to mean "to still have to" as in, "I still have to brush my hair."

9 to put make up on oneself maquillarse (mahkeeYAHRseh)

10 to put my make up on maquillarme (mahkeeYAHRmeh)

11 you still have to (it is missing to you)

te falta (teh FAHLtah)

12 to brush your hair peinarte (peyNAHRteh)

13

Do you recall the word todavía ("still" or "yet")? In Spanish, it is not necessary to use this word inthe sentences we are practicing in this lesson since "still" is implicit in this particular use offaltar. However, it is common for native speakers to choose to use todavía in addition to faltarfor emphasis. This is similar to how in English, we would raise the tone of our voice on the word"still." Let's try to use todavía in the slides that follow. Ready?

14 Do you still have to brush your hair?¿Todavía te falta peinarte? (tohdthahBEEah teh FAHLtahpeyNAHRteh)

15 What do you still have to do? ¿Qué te falta hacer? (keh teh FAHLtah ahSEHR)



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English Spanish

16 Aren't you ready yet? What do you still haveto do?

¿Todavía no estás preparada? ¿Qué tefalta hacer? (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTAHSprehpahRAHdthah keh teh FAHLtahahSEHR)

17

The verb hacer in this last slide is actually optional in the sentence. You could also say, ¿Qué tefalta? and it is understood from the context of the conversation that you are asking "What doyou still need to do?" However, since faltar can have many different meanings depending on thecontext of a conversation, and if this context is not clear, this same sentence (¿Qué te falta?)could also mean "What else do you need?"

18 I brushed my hair. Me peiné. (meh peyNEH)

19

Reflexive verbs are made up of two parts: the root form of the verb and the personal pronoun(attached at the end). The personal pronoun will always reflect the subject of the sentence. However the verb itself only does this if it is the main verb of the sentence, as in, "Me peiné" (Ibrushed my hair.) In this example the verb is modified to show past tense. When the verb ismodified in order to agree with the subject because it is the main verb of the sentence, thepersonal pronoun must move to come in front of the verb. Therefore, we say me peiné and not*peinéme.

20 I brushed my hair already but I still have toput my make up on.

Ya me peiné pero me faltamaquillarme. (yah meh peyNEH PEHroh meh FAHLtahmahkeeYAHRmeh)

21 to bathe bañarse (bahNYAHRseh)

22 I still have to bathe. Me falta bañarme. (meh FAHLtah bahNYAHRmeh)

23 I'm not ready yet! I still have to bathe!

¡No estoy preparada todavía! ¡Me faltabañarme! (noh ehsTOY prehpahRAHdthahtohdthahBEEah meh FAHLtahbahNYAHRmeh)

24 to shower ducharse (dooCHAHRseh)

25Bathtubs are not very common in Latin America. However, even though most people don't havebathtubs in their homes and therefore shower rather than bathe, most people use the wordbañarse (to bathe) and not ducharse (to shower)!

26 I showered. Me duché. (meh dooCHEH)

27 I showered already. Now I still have to brushmy hair and put my make up on.

Ya me duché. Ahora me falta peinarmey maquillarme. (yah meh dooCHEH ahOHrah meh FAHLtahpeyNAHRmeh ee mahkeeYAHRmeh)

28 How much longer will it take you? (How much are you missing?)

¿Cuánto te falta? (KWAHNtoh teh FAHLtah)

Interesting! You already learned to say, ¿Cuánto tardarás? to say "How long will you take?" or


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29 "How long will you be?" These two phrases can have the same meaning. However, since faltarcan also have additional meanings, in another context ¿Cuánto te falta? could mean, "Howmuch more money do you need?"



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English Spanish

30 to brush cepillar (sehpeeYAHR)

31 tooth diente (DYEHNteh)

32 to brush one's teeth (to brush one's the teeth)

cepillarse los dientes (sehpeeYAHRseh lohs DYEHNtehs)

33 It is also common to hear people say lavarse los dientes, literally, "to wash one's teeth."

34 I still have to brush my teeth.Me falta cepillarme los dientes. (meh FAHLtah sehpeeYAHRmeh lohsDYEHNtehs)

35 to finish terminar (tehrmeeNAHR)

36How much do you still have to do till you arefinished? (How much are you missing to finish?)

¿Cuánto te falta para terminar? (KWAHNtoh teh FAHLtah PAHrahtehrmeeNAHR)

37Hmmmm, the phrase ¿Cuánto te falta para terminar? is somewhat ambiguous in Spanish. It could mean, "How much do you still have to do until you're finished?" or "How long until you'refinished?" If you want to be more specific, you can say, ¿Cuánto te falta hacer paraterminar? (How much do you still have to do in order to finish?)

38 I finished terminé (tehrmeeNEH)

39 I'm done. (I already finished.)

Ya terminé. (yah tehrmeeNEH)

40 When the verb terminar is followed by another verb it must use de between them. This is whywe say "Ya terminé" (I finished), but "Terminé de bañarme" (I finished bathing.)

41 I finished bathing but I still have to brush myhair.

Terminé de bañarme pero todavía mefalta peinarme. (tehrmeeNEH deh bahNYAHRmeh PEHrohtohdthahBEEah meh FAHLtahpeyNAHRmeh)

42 Will you be long? (Are you missing a lot?)

¿Te falta mucho? (teh FAHLtah MOOchoh)

43 I won't be long. No me falta mucho. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh)

44 I won't be long. I just have to brush my teeth.

No me falta mucho. Sólo tengo quecepillarme los dientes. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh SOHlohTEHNgoh keh sehpeeYAHRmeh lohsDYEHNtehs)

45 almost casi (KAHsee)

46 I'm almost done. Ya casi termino. (yah KAHsee tehrMEEnoh)


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47 Ya is actually optional in this previous phrase. You can also say Casi termino and the meaningis the same. However, the word ya is commonly added for emphasis.

48 I won't be long! I'm almost done.¡No me falta mucho! Ya casi termino. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh yah KAHseetehrMEEnoh)

49 I'm not ready yet but I'm almost done.

Todavía no estoy preparado pero yacasi termino. (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOYprehpahRAHdthoh PEHroh yah KAHseetehrMEEnoh)

50 to get dressed vestirse (behsTEERseh)

51 I'm going to get dressed after I bathe.Voy a vestirme después de bañarme. (boy ah behsTEERmeh dehsPWEHS dehbahNYAHRmeh)

52 I have to get dressed before I brush my hair.Tengo que vestirme antes de peinarme.(TEHNgoh keh behsTEERmeh AHNtehs dehpeyNAHRmeh)


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Are you going to wear this necklace?¿Te vas a poner este collar?

English Spanish

1 Are you going to wear this necklace? ¿Te vas a poner este collar? (teh bahs ah pohNEHR EHSteh kohYAHR)

2 you are going to wear (you are going to put on yourself)

te vas a poner (teh bahs ah pohNEHR)

3You could have also said vas a ponerte. This is also correct. Remember, you have the optionto move the reflexive pronoun to the front of the first verb (in this case, vas), or leave it attachedto the second verb (here it is poner) when the verb is left unchanged.

4 necklace collar (kohYAHR)

5 What are you going to wear for the party?¿Qué te vas a poner para la fiesta? (keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR PAHrah lahFYEHStah)

6 Can you put this necklace on me, please?¿Puedes ponerme este collar, porfavor? (PWEHdthehs pohNEHRmeh EHStehkohYAHR pohr fahBOHR)

7 I don't know what to wear! (I don't know what to put on me!)

¡No sé qué ponerme! (noh seh keh pohNEHRmeh)

8

Generally speaking, in Latin America you don't need to wear formal clothes to go to birthdayparties, baby showers, barbecues, etc., unless otherwise stated in the invitation. When attendingthese parties you will most likely be expected to dress down, although "dressing down" is slightlyfancier than what we may be used to in the US. It is also common practice to take somethingwith you; a bottle of wine or a small gift will do!

9 The party is today and you still don't knowwhat you are going to wear?

¿La fiesta es hoy y todavía no sabesqué te vas a poner? (lah FYEHStah ehs oy ee tohdthahBEEahnoh SAHbehs keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR)

10 I will put on pondré (pohnDREH)

11 I will wear this necklace. Me pondré este collar. (meh pohnDREH EHSteh kohYAHR)

12

You may have said, *Pondré este collar. However, while one can use the verb pondré (I willput) without the reflexive pronoun me, this would not be the correct use of the reflexive form. Additionally, just as "I will put this necklace" is not a complete sentence, pondré este collar isalso incomplete. The sentence must be completed by describing the "where," for example, "onthe dresser," or more frequently, "on my neck!"

13 earrings aretes (ahREHtehs)

14 In some countries, people refer to earrings as aros or pendientes.

15 I will wear this necklace with these earrings.Me pondré este collar con estos aretes.(meh pohnDREH EHSteh kohYAHR kohnEHStohs ahREHtehs)


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English Spanish

16 You have learned two words for short: bajo and corto. For this next slide, use the word that youlearned to refer to the length or duration of something.

17 too short (very short)

muy corto (mwee KOHRtoh)

18 It's too short. Es muy corto. (ehs mwee KOHRtoh)

19 I can't wear this dress! It's too short!No puedo ponerme este vestido. ¡Esmuy corto! (noh PWEHdthoh pohNEHRmeh EHStehbehsTEEdthoh ehs mwee KOHRtoh)

20 They are short on you. (They fit you short.)

Te quedan cortos. (teh KEHdthahn KOHRtohs)

21 Do you want to wear these pants?¿Quieres ponerte estos pantalones? (KYEHrehs pohNEHRteh EHStohspahntahLOHnehs)

22 Are you sure that you want to wear thesepants? They are short on you!

¿Estás seguro de que quieres ponerteestos pantalones? ¡Te quedan cortos! (ehsTAHS sehGOOroh deh keh KYEHrehspohNEHRteh EHStohs pahntahLOHnehsteh KEHdthahn KOHRtohs)

23 white blanco (BLAHNkoh)

24 white dress vestido blanco (behsTEEdthoh BLAHNkoh)

25 wedding reception (wedding party)

fiesta de bodas (FYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

26 white dress for the wedding receptionvestido blanco para la fiesta de bodas (behsTEEdthoh BLAHNkoh PAHrah lahFYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

27 I can't wear this white dress for the weddingreception!

¡No me puedo poner este vestidoblanco para la fiesta de bodas! (noh meh PWEHdthoh pohNEHR EHStehbehsTEEdthoh BLAHNkoh PAHrah lahFYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

28In some Latin American countries, wearing a white (or even a light colored) dress to a weddingreception may be considered out of place because the bride is supposed to be the only one towear a white gown.


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Why don't you try on these sandals?¿Por qué no te pruebas estas sandalias?

English Spanish

1 Why don't you try on these sandals?¿Por qué no te pruebas estassandalias? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahssahnDAHlyahs)

2 to try on probarse (prohBAHRseh)

3 you try on te pruebas (teh PRWEHbahs)

4 Why don't you try on...? ¿Por qué no te pruebas...? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs)

5

In the previous slide, the reflexive verb probarse is the main verb of the phrase. Therefore, theroot of the reflexive verb has been modified to agree with the subject. That is, not only does thepronoun change to reflect the subject, but the verb ending does so as well. Consequently, thepronoun detaches from the end of the verb and moves to the front. Remember, when thereflexive verb is the main verb of the phrase or sentence it will always be modified to agree withthe subject and reflect tense.

6 sandals sandalias (sahnDAHlyahs)

7 these sandals estas sandalias (EHStahs sahnDAHlyahs)

8 shirt camisa (kahMEEsah)

9 Why don't you try this shirt on?¿Por qué no te pruebas esta camisa? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahkahMEEsah)

10 to combine combinar (kohmbeeNAHR)

11 it combines combina (kohmBEEnah)

12 It goes with your pants. (It combines with your pants.)

Combina con tu pantalón. (kohmBEEnah kohn too pahntahLOHN)

13 golden dorado (dohRAHdthoh)

14 gold sandals (golden sandals)

sandalias doradas (sahnDAHlyahs dohRAHdthahs)

15 The gold sandals go with your pants and yourshirt.

Las sandalias doradas combinan con tupantalón y tu camisa. (lahs sahnDAHlyahs dohRAHdthahskohmBEEnahn kohn too pahntahLOHN eetoo kahMEEsah)



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English Spanish

16 try on [imperative] pruébate (PRWEHbahteh)

17 Try these on. Pruébate estas. (PRWEHbahteh EHStahs)

18 Try these sandals on. They go with your goldpurse.

Pruébate estas sandalias. Combinancon tu bolsa de mano dorada. (PRWEHbahteh EHStahs sahnDAHlyahskohmBEEnahn kohn too BOHLsah dehMAHnoh dohRAHdthah)

19 tie corbata (kohrBAHtah)

20 Try this tie on. Pruébate esta corbata. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kohrBAHtah)

21 it will combine combinará (kohmbeenahRAH)

22 It will go with the black suit. (It will combine with the black suit.)

Combinará con el traje negro. (kohmbeenahRAH kohn ehl TRAHhehNEHgroh)

23 Try this tie on. I think that it will go with theblack suit.

Pruébate esta corbata. Creo quecombinará con el traje negro. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kohrBAHtahKREHoh keh kohmbeenahRAH kohn ehlTRAHheh NEHgroh)

24 blazer saco (SAHkoh)

25 In some countries, people refer to the suit jacket as chaqueta as well.

26 the blazer that you have el saco que tienes (ehl SAHkoh keh TYEHnehs)

27 Try this shirt on. It will go with the blazer thatyou have at home.

Pruébate esta camisa. Combinará conel saco que tienes en casa. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kahMEEsahkohmbeenahRAH kohn ehl SAHkoh kehTYEHnehs ehn KAHsah)

28 Do you want to try this blazer on? ¿Quieres probarte este saco? (KYEHrehs prohBAHRteh EHSteh SAHkoh)

29

In the previous slide, quieres (you want) is the main verb of the sentence as indicated by itsagreement with the subject. That is, we don't say "*To want you try on this blazer?" Here, thefirst verb, "want" (quieres), agrees with the subject "you" and the second verb, "to try on"(probarse) is therefore left in its root form. Nonetheless, since the verb probarse (to try on) isreflexive, the reflexive pronoun will always change to agree with the subject, in this case te.


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That blue blouse brings out your eyes.Esa blusa azul resalta tus ojos.

English Spanish

1 That blue blouse brings out your eyes.Esa blusa azul resalta tus ojos. (EHsah BLOOsah ahSOOL rrehSAHLtahtoos OHhohs)

2 to bring out resaltar (rrehsahlTAHR)

3 it brings out resalta (rrehSAHLtah)

4 blouse blusa (BLOOsah)

5 blue blouse blusa azul (BLOOsah ahSOOL)

6 That blue blouse brings out... Esa blusa azul resalta... (EHsah BLOOsah ahSOOL rrehSAHLtah)

7 your eyes tus ojos (toos OHhohs)

8 That dress brings out the color of your hair.Ese vestido resalta el color de tu pelo. (EHseh behsTEEdthoh rrehSAHLtah ehlkohLOHR deh too PEHloh)

9 it fits you te queda (teh KEHdthah)

10 For the next slide, bear in mind that the adjective and adverb in Spanish are the same word. Ready?

11 It fits you beautifully. Te queda hermoso. (teh KEHdthah ehrMOHsoh)

12 That dress fits you beautifully and it alsobrings out the color of your hair.

Ese vestido te queda hermoso ytambién resalta el color de tu pelo. (EHseh behsTEEdthoh teh KEHdthahehrMOHsoh ee tahmBYEHN rrehSAHLtahehl kohLOHR deh too PEHloh)

13 Why don't you try this blouse on? It goes withyour pants and it brings out your eyes.

¿Por qué no te pruebas esta blusa?Combina con el pantalón y resalta tusojos. (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahBLOOsah kohmBEEnah kohn ehlpahntahLOHN ee rrehSAHLtah toosOHhohs)

14 elegant elegante (ehlehGAHNteh)

15 You look elegant. Te ves elegante. (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh)

You look elegant in that suit! ¡Te ves elegante con ese traje!


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16 You look elegant in that suit! (You look elegant with that suit!) (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh kohn EHseh

TRAHheh)



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English Spanish

17 You look elegant in that suit. Its color bringsout your blue eyes!

Te ves elegante con ese traje. ¡Su colorresalta tus ojos azules! (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh kohn EHsehTRAHheh soo kohLOHR rrehSAHLtah toosOHhohs ahSOOlehs)

18 it makes you te hace (teh AHseh)

19 It makes you look... Te hace ver... (teh AHseh behr)

20 thinner (more slender)

más delgado (mahs dehlGAHdthoh)

21 It makes you look thinner. Te hace ver más delgada. (teh AHseh behr mahs dehlGAHdthah)

22 skirt falda (FAHLdah)

23 You may also hear people refer to falda as pollera. This term is particularly used in the ConoSur region of South America, which consists of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay.

24 That skirt makes you look thinner.Esa falda te hace ver más delgada. (EHsah FAHLdah teh AHseh behr mahsdehlGAHdthah)

25 how it fits you cómo te queda (KOHmoh teh KEHdthah)

26 I love how it fits you!¡Me encanta cómo te queda! (¡meh ehnKAHNtah KOHmoh tehKEHdthah!)

27 flowery floreado (flohrehAHdthoh)

28 I love how the flowery skirt fits you! It makesyou look thinner.

¡Me encanta cómo te queda la faldafloreada! Te hace ver más delgada. (¡meh ehnKAHNtah KOHmoh teh KEHdthahlah FAHLdah flohrehAHdthah! teh AHsehbehr mahs dehlGAHdthah.)

29 The flowery skirt is beautiful and it makes youlook thinner.

La falda floreada es hermosa y te hacever más delgada. (lah FAHLdah flohrehAHdthah ehsehrMOHsah ee teh AHseh behr mahsdehlGAHdthah)


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It looks very nice on you! ¡Se te ve muy bien!English Spanish

1 It looks very nice on you! ¡Se te ve muy bien! (¡seh teh beh mwee byehn!)

2

There are numerous uses of the little word se in Spanish. You already recognize one of these:the reflexive pronoun se. You have also seen another use of se: the passive se. We saw thisuse previously with the verbs pronunciar (to pronounce) and its passive form se pronuncia (itis pronounced), as well as deletrear (to spell) and its passive form se deletrea (it is spelled). Now apply this pattern to the following slide.

3 it looks (it is seen)

se ve (seh beh)

4

You may make the mistake of using se ve as the active form of "it looks." For example, "It looksat you" (*Se te ve). While, se te ve is indeed a correct phrase, it's not complete because itmeans, "It looks...on you." For example, if we were to say "The dress looks big on you," obviouslythe dress is not actively looking. The active form of "to look" actually uses a different verb inSpanish, mirar (to watch), and does not use the passive se.

5 it looks...on you (it is seen on you)

se te ve (seh teh beh)

6 Does it look nice on me? ¿Se me ve bien? (seh meh beh byehn)

7 How does it look on me? ¿Cómo se me ve? (KOHmoh seh meh beh)

8 How does it look on you? ¿Cómo se te ve? (KOHmoh seh teh beh)

9 to see how it looks on you para ver cómo se te ve (PAHrah behr KOHmoh seh teh beh)

10 Why don't you try this dress on to see how itlooks on you?

¿Por qué no te pruebas este vestidopara ver cómo se te ve? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStehbehsTEEdthoh PAHrah behr KOHmoh sehteh beh)

11 It looks very nice on you because it brings outthe color of your eyes!

¡Se te ve muy bien porque resalta elcolor de tus ojos! (seh teh beh mwee byehn POHRkehrrehSAHLtah ehl kohLOHR deh toosOHhohs)

12 That blouse looks very pretty on you!¡Esa blusa se te ve muy bonita! (EHsah BLOOsah seh teh beh mweebohNEEtah)

13 It seems to me... Se me hace... (seh meh AHseh)

14 It seems to me that the other blouse isbetter.

Se me hace que la otra blusa es mejor. (seh meh AHseh keh lah OHtrah BLOOsahehs mehHOHR)



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English Spanish

15 it looked se veía (seh behEEah)

16 It looked better. Se veía mejor. (seh behEEah mehHOHR)

17 It looked better on you. Se te veía mejor. (seh teh behEEah mehHOHR)

18 It seems to me that the other pants lookedbetter on you.

Se me hace que los otros pantalones sete veían mejor. (seh meh AHseh keh lohs OHtrohspahntahLOHnehs seh teh behEEahnmehHOHR)


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I have to check what I have in the closet.Tengo que fijarme qué tengo en el armario.

English Spanish

1 I have to check what I have in the closet.Tengo que fijarme qué tengo en elarmario. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgohehn ehl ahrMAHryoh)

2 to check fijarse (feeHAHRseh)

3 I have to check. Tengo que fijarme. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh)

4 closet armario (ahrMAHryoh)

5 what I have in the closet qué tengo en el armario (keh TEHNgoh ehn ehl ahrMAHryoh)

6 Let me check. Déjame fijarme. (DEHhahmeh feeHAHRmeh)

7 I don't know what to wear. Let me check what Ihave in the closet.

No sé qué ponerme. Déjame fijarmequé tengo en el armario. (noh seh keh pohNEHRmeh DEHhahmehfeeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgoh ehn ehlahrMAHryoh )

8 ballroom salón (sahLOHN)

9 how to get to the ballroom (how to arrive to the ballroom)

cómo llegar al salón (KOHmoh yehGAHR ahl sahLOHN)

10 I have to check how to get to the ballroom.Tengo que fijarme cómo llegar al salón.(TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh KOHmohyehGAHR ahl sahLOHN)

11 Can you check? ¿Puedes fijarte? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh)

12 Can you check how to get there? (Can you check how to arrive?)

¿Puedes fijarte cómo llegar? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh KOHmohyehGAHR)

13 address dirección (deerehkSYOHN)

14 Can you check what the address is?¿Puedes fijarte cuál es la dirección? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh kwahl ehs lahdeerehkSYOHN)

15 the ballroom address la dirección del salón (lah deerehkSYOHN dehl sahLOHN)

16 Can you check what the ballroom address is?¿Puedes fijarte cuál es la dirección delsalón? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh kwahl ehs lah


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deerehkSYOHN dehl sahLOHN)



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English Spanish

17 This is the ballroom address. Can you checkhow to get there?

Ésta es la dirección del salón. ¿Puedesfijarte cómo llegar? (EHStah ehs lah deerehkSYOHN dehlsahLOHN PWEHdthehs feeHAHRtehKOHmoh yehGAHR)

18 Can you check what time the party is?¿Puedes fijarte a qué hora es la fiesta? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh ah keh OHrahehs lah FYEHStah)

19 invitation invitación (eenbeetahSYOHN)

20 Let me check on the invitation.Déjame fijarme en la invitación. (DEHhahmeh feeHAHRmeh ehn laheenbeetahSYOHN)

21 Can you check how to get to the ballroom?The address is on the invitation.

¿Puedes fijarte cómo llegar al salón? Ladirección está en la invitación. (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh KOHmohyehGAHR ahl sahLOHN lah deerehkSYOHNehsTAH ehn lah eenbeetahSYOHN)

22 you checked te fijaste (teh feeHAHsteh)

23 Did you check? ¿Te fijaste? (teh feeHAHsteh)

24 Did you check well? ¿Te fijaste bien? (teh feeHAHsteh byehn)

25 before leaving home antes de salir de casa (AHNtehs deh sahLEER deh KAHsah)

26 Did you check well before leaving home?¿Te fijaste bien antes de salir de casa? (teh feeHAHsteh byehn AHNtehs dehsahLEER deh KAHsah)

27 I check me fijo (meh FEEhoh)

28 in a second ahorita (aohREEtah)

29Did you recognize the word ahora (now) and the diminutive ending -ita? You may recall thatdiminutives are often used to convey a small size. In this case, the addition of -ita to the end ofahora conveys a small amount of time.

30 I'll check in a minute. Ahorita me fijo. (aohREEtah meh FEEhoh)

31In sentences such as Ahorita me fijo (I'll check in a second; literally, "I check in a second"), weuse the verb in present tense because ahorita (in a second) already indicates future tense. Therefore, it would be redundant to use the future tense and say *Ahorita me fijaré.

32 I forgot! I'll check the address in a minute.¡Se me olvidó! Ahorita me fijo ladirección. (seh meh ohlbeeDTHOH aohREEtah mehFEEhoh lah deerehkSYOHN)


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33 I do hago (AHgoh)



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English Spanish

34 I do it. Lo hago. (loh AHgoh)

35 I'll do it in a second. Ahorita lo hago. (aohREEtah loh AHgoh)

36 I'll check how to get to the ballroom in aminute.

Ahorita me fijo cómo llegar al salón. (aohREEtah meh FEEhoh KOHmohyehGAHR ahl sahLOHN)


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Chapter 10: Sports and Fitness Chapter 10: Sports and Fitness

Conversational GoalsComment on an Activity and its EffectsDiscuss Sports and Exercise HabitsInvite Someone to Join a Group

Grammar GoalsForm the First Person Preterite Past TenseForm For -er VerbsLearn the Second Person Plural ReflexiveVerb FormPractice the Second Person Plural Verb FormTranslate English Gerunds Using Infinitivesand NounsUse Sí to Give Emphasis


There aren't enough players for Saturday's match.

No hay suficientes jugadores para elpartido del sábado. (noh ay soofeeSYEHNtehshoogahDTHOHrehs PAHrah ehl pahrTEEdthohdehl SAHbahdthoh.)

Would you be interested in joining our soccerteam this Saturday?

¿Estarías interesada en unirte a nuestroequipo de fútbol este sábado? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthah ehnooNEERteh ah NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh dehFOOTbohl EHSteh SAHbahdthoh)

I'd like to but I'm sore from exercising thismorning.

Me gustaría pero estoy dolorida por elejercicio de esta mañana. (meh goostahREEah PEHroh ehsTOYdohlohREEdthah pohr ehl ehhehrSEEsyohdeh EHStah mahNYAHnah)

What kind of workout do you do?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento haces? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtohAHsehs)

I run on the treadmill and lift weights.Corro en la cinta y levanto pesas. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah ee lehBAHNtohPEHsahs)

That does sound exhausting! ¡Eso sí suena cansador! (EHsoh see SWEHnah kahnsahDOHR)


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Do you want to join our soccer team?¿Quieres unirte a nuestro equipo de fútbol?

English Spanish

1 Do you want to join our soccer team?¿Quieres unirte a nuestro equipo defútbol? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah NWEHStrohehKEEpoh deh FOOTbohl)

2 You may have said, "*¿Quieres unirte nuestro equipo?" However in Spanish, the verb unirseis generally used together with the preposition a (to) when the thing to be joined is mentioned.

3 to join unirse (ooNEERseh)

4 Do you want to join? ¿Quieres unirte? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh)

5Did you remember to leave the root form of the reflexive verb unir unchanged? We only changethe attached reflexive pronoun to te, not the verb itself. Also, remember that since querer isthe main verb it needs to agree with the subject of the sentence "you," to become quieres.

6 our soccer team nuestro equipo de fútbol (NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh deh FOOTbohl)

7 us nosotros (nohSOHtrohs)

8 Do you want to join us? ¿Quieres unirte a nosotros? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah nohSOHtrohs)

9Although in English, the phrase "Do you want to join us?" can also mean "Do you want to comealong with us?", the verb unirse only means "to join" as in "to join a team," or "to combinepieces."

10 volleyball voleibol (bohleyBOHL)

11 In addition to voleibol, you will also hear vóleibol (with the accent) in the Cono Sur and volibolin Mexico.

12 volleyball team equipo de voleibol (ehKEEpoh deh bohleyBOHL)

13 Do you want to join our volleyball team?¿Quieres unirte a nuestro equipo devoleibol? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah NWEHStrohehKEEpoh deh bohleyBOHL)

14 you ustedes (oosTEHdthehs)

15 Can I join you?¿Puedo unirme a ustedes? (PWEHdthoh ooNEERmeh ahoosTEHdthehs)

16 to compete competir (kohmpehTEER)



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English Spanish

17 Can I join your team? I want to compete withyou.

¿Puedo unirme a tu equipo? Quierocompetir con ustedes. (PWEHdthoh ooNEERmeh ah too ehKEEpohKYEHroh kohmpehTEER kohnoosTEHdthehs)

18 (you) go van (bahn)

19Did you notice that "you (plural) go" (van) is the exactly the same as "they go"? This is the samewith all Spanish verbs. The plural "you" verb form and the 3rd person plural (they) form will alwaysbe the same. Makes things a little easier, right?

20 Are you going to compete? ¿Van a competir? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER)

21 championship campeonato (kahmpeohNAHtoh)

22 to compete in the basketball championshipcompetir en el campeonato de básquet (kohmpehTEER ehn ehl kahmpeohNAHtohdeh BAHSkeht)

23 Are you going to compete in thechampionship?

¿Van a competir en el campeonato? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER ehn ehlkahmpeohNAHtoh)

24 Do you want to join us to compete in thebasketball championship?

¿Quieres unirte a nosotros paracompetir en el campeonato debásquet? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah nohSOHtrohsPAHrah kohmpehTEER ehn ehlkahmpeohNAHtoh deh BAHSkeht)

25 interested interesado (eentehrehSAHdthoh)

26 to be interested estar interesado (ehsTAHR eentehrehSAHdthoh)

27 you would be estarías (ehstahREEahs)

28 You would be interested. Estarías interesado. (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh)

29In English, we use the -ing verb ending not only to indicate the present progressive tense, as in"I'm playing" (Estoy jugando), but also for the gerund form (nouns that look like verbs), forexample, "I'm interested in playing." In Spanish, these forms simply use the infinitive or root formof the verb. Let's try this for the next slide.

30 interested in competing interesado en competir (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn kohmpehTEER)

31 Would you be interested in competing on ourteam?

¿Estarías interesado en competir ennuestro equipo? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnkohmpehTEER ehn NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh)

¿Estarías interesado en unirte a un


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32 Would you be interested in joining a team? equipo? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnooNEERteh ah oon ehKEEpoh)



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English Spanish

33 interested in playing interesado en jugar (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn hooGAHR)

34 Would you be interested in playing with us?¿Estarías interesada en jugar connosotras? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthah ehnhooGAHR kohn nohSOHtrahs)

35 partner pareja (pahREHhah)

36 I need a partner for the match.Necesito una pareja para el partido. (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah pahREHhahPAHrah ehl pahrTEEdthoh)

37 I need a partner. Would you be interested inplaying with me?

Necesito una pareja. ¿Estaríasinteresado en jugar conmigo? (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah pahREHhahehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnhooGAHR kohnMEEgoh)

38 to be my partner ser mi pareja (sehr mee pahREHhah)

39 interested in being my partnerinteresado en ser mi pareja (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn sehr meepahREHhah)

40 Would you be interested in being my partner?¿Estarías interesado en ser mi pareja? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnsehr mee pahREHhah)

41 competition competencia (kohmpehTEHNsyah)

42 Would you be interested in being my partnerin the competition?

¿Estarías interesado en ser mi parejaen la competencia? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnsehr mee pahREHhah ehn lahkohmpehTEHNsyah)

43 Are you going to compete in the competition?¿Van a competir en la competencia? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER ehn lahkohmpehTEHNsyah)

44 group grupo (GROOpoh)

45 groups of five grupos de cinco (GROOpohs deh SEENkoh)

46 We play in groups of five.Jugamos en grupos de cinco. (hooGAHmohs ehn GROOpohs dehSEENkoh)

47 (you) want quieren (KYEHrehn)

48 Do you want to join our group?¿Quieren unirse a nuestro grupo? (KYEHrehn ooNEERseh ah NWEHStroh


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GROOpoh)

49You may have said, "*¿Quieren unirte a nuestro grupo?" Good try! However, the plural"you" form of reflexive pronouns is se. Te is only used to say "you" when speaking informally toone person (singular). Se is both the "you" (formal) and "you" (plural) reflexive pronoun.



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English Spanish

50 Would you be interested? ¿Estarían interesados? (ehstahREEahn eentehrehSAHdthohs)

51 Did you remember that since the subject is plural you have to change interesado to its pluralform: interesados?

52 We play in groups of eleven. Would you beinterested in joining the group?

Jugamos en grupos de once. ¿Estaríaninteresados en unirse al grupo? (hooGAHmohs ehn GROOpohs dehOHNseh ehstahREEahneentehrehSAHdthohs ehn ooNEERseh ahlGROOpoh)

53 pair pareja (pahREHhah)

54 we compete competimos (kohmpehTEEmohs)

55 We compete in pairs. Competimos en parejas. (kohmpehTEEmohs ehn pahREHhahs)

56 tennis tenis (TEHnees)

57In Spanish, many sport names are taken from their English equivalents, but are spelleddifferently. This is the case of fútbol, voleibol or vóley, tenis, básquet or básquetbol, etc. So, if you don't know what the Spanish word for a sport is, try to say the English name with aSpanish accent!

58 tennis match partido de tenis (pahrTEEdthoh deh TEHnees)

59 We compete in pairs. Would you like to be mypartner in the tennis match?

Competimos en parejas. ¿Te gustaríaser mi pareja en el partido de tenis? (kohmpehTEEmohs ehn pahREHhahs tehgoostahREEah sehr mee pahREHhah ehnehl pahrTEEdthoh deh TEHnees)


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There aren't enough players for Saturday's match.No hay suficientes jugadores para el partido delsábado.

English Spanish

1 There aren't enough players for Saturday'smatch.

No hay suficientes jugadores para elpartido del sábado. (noh ay soofeeSYEHNtehshoogahDTHOHrehs PAHrah ehlpahrTEEdthoh dehl SAHbahdthoh.)

2 player jugador (hoogahDTHOHR)

3 There aren't any players. No hay jugadores. (noh ay hoogahDTHOHrehs)

4

You may have noticed that while the English translation uses the word "any" (as in "There aren'tany players") this is not necessary in Spanish. This use of "any" is actually a peculiarity of English. In English, when there is a negative element in the phrase, like “not” or “aren’t” in this case, theuse of “any” is obligatory. This is not the case in Spanish. You simply say, No hayjugadores (There are no players).

5 Saturday's match (the match of the Saturday)

el partido del sábado (ehl pahrTEEdthoh dehl SAHbahdthoh)

6 enough suficiente (soofeeSYEHNteh)

7 enough players for Saturday's match

suficientes jugadores para el partidodel sábado (soofeeSYEHNtehs hoogahDTHOHrehsPAHrah ehl pahrTEEdthoh dehlSAHbahdthoh)

8 Are there enough players to start the match?¿Hay suficientes jugadores paraempezar el partido? (ay soofeeSYEHNtehs hoogahDTHOHrehsPAHrah ehmpehSAHR ehl pahrTEEdthoh)

9 to get sick enfermarse (ehnfehrMAHRseh)

10 (he / she) got sick se enfermó (seh ehnfehrMOH)

11 One player got sick. Se enfermó un jugador. (seh ehnfehrMOH oon hoogahDTHOHR)

12You may have said "*uno jugador" because jugador is masculine. But do you recallhow primero and tercero changed to primer and tercer when followed by a masculine noun? Uno works in exactly the same way. Therefore, the correct answer is un jugador.

13 One player got sick and now there aren'tenough players for the competition!

¡Se enfermó un jugador y ahora no haysuficientes jugadores para lacompetencia! (¡seh ehnfehrMOH oon hoogahDTHOHR eeahOHrah noh ay soofeeSYEHNtehs


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hoogahDTHOHrehs PAHrah lahkohmpehTEHNsyah!)

14 referee árbitro (AHRbeetroh)



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English Spanish

15Do you remember that many sport names in Spanish are similar to their counterparts in English? The same happens with many other words related to sports. In this case, "referee" can either beárbitro or réferi. As you can see, the spelling is the only thing that changes.

16 The referee got sick! ¡Se enfermó el árbitro! (seh ehnfehrMOH ehl AHRbeetroh)

17 we need necesitamos (nehsehseeTAHmohs)

18 We need to find another one.Necesitamos encontrar otro. (nehsehseeTAHmohs ehnkohnTRAHROHtroh)

19

You may have noticed that in the sentence Necesitamos encontrar otro (We need to findanother one), the English translation uses the word "one." Whereas in English it is necessary touse "one" to refer to the person or thing we are talking about, since in Spanish, "another" can beeither singular or plural this "one" referent is implicit in the singular form and not needed in theSpanish translation.

20 We need two referees and there's only one.We have to find another one!

Necesitamos dos árbitros y hay sólouno. ¡Tenemos que encontrar otro! (nehsehseeTAHmohs dohs AHRbeetrohsee ay SOHloh OOnoh. ¡tehNEHmohs kehehnkohnTRAHR OHtroh!)

21 coach entrenador (ehntrehnahDTHOHR)

22 You may also hear people refer to the coach as director técnico. Entrenador and directortécnico are interchangeable.

23 We need a coach for the team.

Necesitamos un entrenador para elequipo. (nehsehseeTAHmohs oonehntrehnahDTHOHR PAHrah ehlehKEEpoh)

24 The coach got sick so we need to find anotherone!

¡El entrenador se enfermó así quenecesitamos encontrar otro! (ehl ehntrehnahDTHOHR seh ehnfehrMOHahSEE keh nehsehseeTAHmohsehnkohnTRAHR OHtroh)

25 We need one coach more. Would you beinterested?

Necesitamos un entrenador más.¿Estarías interesado? (nehsehseeTAHmohs oonehntrehnahDTHOHR mahs ehstahREEahseentehrehSAHdthoh)

26 goalie portero (pohrTEHroh)

27 You may also hear people refer to the goalie as arquero.

28 Would you like to be goalie? ¿Te gustaría ser portero? (teh goostahREEah sehr pohrTEHroh)

29 (he) broke his... se fracturó... (seh frahktooROH)


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30

Think about the line Me fracturé la pierna (I broke my leg). As you may recall from previouslessons, in Spanish we use the definite article, literally saying "the leg," and not the possessivepronoun "my" since me fracturé already conveys the fact that the leg that was broken wasyours. In other words, to avoid redundancy, Spanish uses the definite article, not the possessivepronoun, with body parts because based on context it's already clear to whom the body partbelongs. Keeping this in mind, try answering the challenge in the next slide!



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English Spanish

31 The goalie broke his leg!¡El portero se fracturó la pierna! (¡ehl pohrTEHroh seh frahktooROH lahPYEHRnah!)

32 Our goalie broke his hand. Would you beinterested in being our goalie?

Nuestro portero se fracturó la mano.¿Estarías interesado en ser nuestroportero? (NWEHStroh pohrTEHroh seh frahktooROHlah MAHnoh ehstahREEahseentehrehSAHdthoh ehn sehr NWEHStrohpohrTEHroh)


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I’d like to but I’m still sore from exercising thismorning.

Me gustaría pero todavía estoy dolorida por elejercicio de esta mañana.

English Spanish

1 I’d like to but I’m still sore from exercising thismorning.

Me gustaría pero todavía estoy doloridapor el ejercicio de esta mañana. (meh goostahREEah PEHrohtohdthahBEEah ehsTOY dohlohREEdthahpohr ehl ehhehrSEEsyoh deh EHStahmahNYAHnah)

2 sore dolorido (dohlohREEdthoh)

3 In some countries people say adolorido instead of dolorido. These two adjectives can be usedinterchangeably.

4 I'm sore. Estoy dolorida. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthah)

5 I'd like to but I'm sore.Me gustaría pero estoy dolorida. (meh goostahREEah PEHroh ehsTOYdohlohREEdthah)

6 exercise ejercicio (ehhehrSEEsyoh)

7 because of por (pohr)

8 from exercising (because of the exercise)

por el ejercicio (pohr ehl ehhehrSEEsyoh)

9 In English, we often use the word "from" to indicate "because of," so whenever you use the word"from" in this sense, be sure to use por.

10 I'm sore from exercising.Estoy dolorida por el ejercicio. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthah pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh)

11In the previous slide, the Spanish example clearly uses a noun, el ejercicio (the exercise),whereas the English version uses the gerund form (from exercising). Remember, the Englishgerund is a part of speech that looks like a verb but acts like a noun.

12I'm sore from exercising this morning. (I'm sore because of the exercise of thismorning.)

Estoy dolorida por el ejercicio de estamañana. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthah pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh deh EHStahmahNYAHnah)

13 I'm sore from all the exercise.Estoy dolorido por todo el ejercicio. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthoh pohr TOHdthohehl ehhehrSEEsyoh)

14 to exercise (to do exercise)

hacer ejercicio (ahSEHR ehhehrSEEsyoh)


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15 I exercised. (I did exercise.)

Hice ejercicio. (EEseh ehhehrSEEsyoh)

16 I exercised all morning.Hice ejercicio toda la mañana. (EEseh ehhehrSEEsyoh TOHdthah lahmahNYAHnah)

17 I'm tired because I exercised all evening.Estoy cansado porque hice ejerciciotoda la tarde. (ehsTOY kahnSAHdthoh POHRkeh EEsehehhehrSEEsyoh TOHdthah lah TAHRdtheh)



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English Spanish

18 later (more late)

más tarde (mahs TAHRdtheh)

19 You may remember that you already learned the word luego for "later." Luego and más tardeare in most cases interchangeable.

20 I'm too tired to play now. Can we play later?

Estoy muy cansada para jugar ahora.¿Podemos jugar más tarde? (ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah PAHrahhooGAHR ahOHrah pohDTHEHmohshooGAHR mahs TAHRdtheh)

21 I'm not tired, just relaxed.No estoy cansada, sólo relajada. (noh ehsTOY kahnSAHdthah SOHlohrrehlaHAHdthah)

22 cramp calambre (kahLAHMbreh)

23 I have a cramp. Tengo un calambre. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh)

24 I have a cramp in my leg.Tengo un calambre en la pierna. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh ehn lahPYEHRnah)

25 I have a cramp from exercising last night.Tengo un calambre por el ejercicio deanoche. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh deh ahNOHcheh)

26 cramped acalambrado (ahkahlahmBRAHdthoh)

27 I'm cramped! ¡Estoy acalambrado! (ehsTOY ahkahlahmBRAHdthoh)

28 I’d like to exercise with you but I’m cramped.

¡Me gustaría hacer ejercicio contigopero estoy acalambrado! (meh goostahREEah ahSEHRehhehrSEEsyoh kohnTEEgoh PEHrohehsTOY ahkahlahmBRAHdthoh)

29 exhausted agotado (ahgohTAHdthoh)

30 I feel so exhausted! ¡Me siento tan agotado! (meh SYEHNtoh tahn ahgohTAHdthoh)

31 I'd love to play with you but I feel tooexhausted to play now!

¡Me encantaría jugar con ustedes perome siento muy agotado para jugarahora! (meh ehnkahntahREEah hooGAHR kohnoosTEHdthehs PEHroh meh SYEHNtohmwee ahgohTAHdthoh PAHrah hooGAHRahOHrah)


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What kind of workout do you do?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento haces?

English Spanish

1 What kind of workout do you do?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento haces? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtohAHsehs)

2 you do haces (AHsehs)

3 What do you do? ¿Qué haces? (keh AHsehs)

4 workout entrenamiento (ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

5 type; kind tipo (TEEpoh)

6 kind of workout tipo de entrenamiento (TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

7 What kind of workout? ¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

8 What kind of workout do you need?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento necesitas? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtohnehsehSEEtahs)

9 This is the kind of workout that I need for thecompetition.

Este es el tipo de entrenamiento quenecesito para la competencia. (EHSteh ehs ehl TEEpoh dehehntrehnahMYEHNtoh keh nehsehSEEtohPAHrah lah kohmpehTEHNsyah)

10 What kind of exercise do you do? ¿Qué tipo de ejercicio haces? (keh TEEpoh deh ehhehrSEEsyoh AHsehs)

11 to exercise (something) ejercitar (ehhehrseeTAHR)

12I bet you remember that hacer ejercicio is also "to exercise." We need to note that hacerejercicio is used when referring to exercising or working out in general, whereas, ejercitar refersto exercising a part of the body. We can say Me gusta hacer ejercicio (I like to exercise), but ifwe want to say “I'm going to exercise my legs” we would say Voy a ejercitar las piernas.

13 in order to para (PAHrah)

14We have actually seen para used as "in order to" before. Recall the sentence, Necesito ir a lapapelería para comprar unos sobres (I need to go to the stationery store to buy someenvelopes.) English often shortens this phrase "in order to," to just "to." So, whenever you woulduse "to" in this way, remember to use para.

15 to exercise your legs (in order to exercise the legs)

para ejercitar las piernas (PAHrah ehhehrseeTAHR lahs PYEHRnahs)



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English Spanish

16 What kind of exercise do you prefer to do toexercise your legs?

¿Qué tipo de ejercicio prefieres hacerpara ejercitar las piernas? (keh TEEpoh deh ehhehrSEEsyohprehFYEHrehs ahSEHR PAHrahehhehrseeTAHR lahs PYEHRnahs)

17 What kind of sports do you like?¿Qué tipo de deportes te gustan? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRtehs tehGOOStahn)

18 What kind of sport can I do to exercise myarms?

¿Qué tipo de deporte puedo hacer paraejercitar los brazos? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRteh PWEHdthohahSEHR PAHrah ehhehrseeTAHR lohsBRAHsohs)

19 Do you practice any sports? ¿Practicas algún deporte? (prahkTEEkahs ahlGOON dehPOHRteh)

20 What kind of sport do you practice at school?¿Qué tipo de deporte practicas en laescuela? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRtehprahkTEEkahs ehn lah ehsKWEHlah)

21 activity actividad (ahkteebeeDTHAHDTH)

22 club club (kloob)

23 What kind of activity did you do yesterday atthe club?

¿Qué tipo de actividad hiciste ayer en elclub? (keh TEEpoh deh ahkteebeeDTHAHDTHeeSEESteh ahYEHR ehn ehl kloob)

24 What kind of sport do you play at the club?¿Qué tipo de deporte juegas en el club?(keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRteh HWEHgahsehn ehl kloob)


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I run on the treadmill on Mondays and Wednesdaysat the gym.

Corro en la cinta los lunes y miércoles en elgimnasio.

English Spanish

1 I run on the treadmill on Mondays andWednesdays at the gym.

Corro en la cinta los lunes y miércolesen el gimnasio. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah lohs LOOnehsee MYEHRkohlehs ehn ehl heemNAHsyoh)

2 I run corro (KOHrroh)

3 treadmill cinta de correr (SEENtah deh kohRREHR)

4 Cinta de correr is usually shortened to just cinta.

5 I run on the treadmill. Corro en la cinta. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah)

6 I run on the treadmill on Mondays andWednesdays.

Corro en la cinta los lunes y miércoles. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah lohs LOOnehsee MYEHRkohlehs)

7 at the gym en el gimnasio (en ehl heemNAHsyoh)

8Do you recall how we changed ver (to see) to vi (I saw), and leer (to read) to leí (I read)? Toform the 1st person "(I) form" past tense of verbs ending in -er all you do is drop the -er and add -í (it may take the accent or not depending on the number of syllables). Solve the next slideapplying this same pattern. Ready?

9 I ran corrí (kohRREE)

10 the day before yesterday anteayer (ahntyahYEHR)

11 You will also hear the word antier in Mexico, Central America, and the northern part of SouthAmerica.

12 I ran in the park the day before yesterday. Corrí en el parque anteayer. (kohRREE ehn ehl PAHRkeh ahntyahYEHR)

13 to workout entrenar (ehntrehNAHR)

14 I workout Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.Entreno los lunes, miércoles y viernes. (ehnTREHnoh lohs LOOnehsMYEHRkohlehs ee BYEHRnehs)

15 almost every day (almost all the days)

casi todos los días (KAHsee TOHdthohs lohs DEEahs)

16 I workout almost every day.Entreno casi todos los días. (ehnTREHnoh KAHsee TOHdthohs lohsDEEahs)


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17 before working out antes de entrenar (AHNtehs deh ehntrehNAHR)



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English Spanish

18 I ran on the treadmill the day beforeyesterday, before working out.

Corrí en la cinta anteayer, antes deentrenar. (kohRREE ehn lah SEENtah ahntyahYEHRAHNtehs deh ehntrehNAHR)

19 every other day día por medio (DEEah pohr MEHdthyoh)

20 I run on the treadmill every other day.Corro en la cinta día por medio. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah DEEah pohrMEHdthyoh)

21 to train entrenar (ehntrehNAHR)

22 soccer player futbolista (footbohLEEStah)

23 I'm training to be a soccer player.Estoy entrenando para ser futbolista. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah sehrfootbohLEEStah)

24 I'm training to be a soccer player so I workoutevery day.

Estoy entrenando para ser futbolistaasí que entreno todos los días. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah sehrfootbohLEEStah ahSEE keh ehnTREHnohTOHdthohs lohs DEEahs)

25 I swim every other day. Nado día por medio. (NAHdthoh DEEah pohr MEHdthyoh)

26 for an hour por una hora (pohr OOnah OHrah)

27 I swim for an hour every other day.Nado por una hora día por medio. (NAHdthoh pohr OOnah OHrah DEEahpohr MEHdthyoh)

28 to lift levantar (lehbahnTAHR)

29 weight pesa (PEHsah)

30You may recall that in Spanish "weight" can also be translated peso. However, peso refers tothe weight of something, or how much something weighs. Pesas on the other hand are weightslike the ones we lift in the gym or use to hold (or weigh) something down. Pesas also refer to theweights used on balance scales.

31 to lift weights levantar pesas (lehbahnTAHR PEHsahs)

32 I lift weights. Levanto pesas. (lehBAHNtoh PEHsahs)

33 every three days cada tres días (KAHdthah trehs DEEahs)

34 I lift weights every three days.Levanto pesas cada tres días. (lehBAHNtoh PEHsahs KAHdthah trehsDEEahs)


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English Spanish

35 I run on the treadmill every other day and liftweights every three days.

Corro en la cinta día por medio ylevanto pesas cada tres días. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah DEEah pohrMEHdthyoh ee lehBAHNtoh PEHsahsKAHdthah trehs DEEahs)

36 I lift 100 kilos. Levanto 100 kilos. (lehBAHNtoh syen KEElohs)

37 I lift 100 kilos every day at the gym.Levanto 100 kilos todos los días en elgimnasio. (lehBAHNtoh syen KEElohs TOHdthohslohs DEEahs ehn ehl heemNAHsyoh)

38 I'm training for the competition so I lift 50 kilosevery day.

Estoy entrenando para la competenciaasí que levanto 50 kilos todos los días. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah lahkohmpehTEHNsyah ahSEE kehlehBAHNtoh seenKWEHNtah KEElohsTOHdthohs lohs DEEahs)

39 aerobics aeróbic (aehROHbeek)

40 I should start doing aerobics.Yo debería empezar a hacer aeróbic. (yoh dehbehREEah ehmpehSAHR ahahSEHR aehROHbeek)

41 I do aerobics at the gym.Hago aeróbic en el gimnasio. (AHgoh aehROHbeek ehn ehlheemNAHsyoh)

42 the day after tomorrow pasado mañana (pahSAHdthoh mahNYAHnah)

43 I'm going to start doing aerobics the day aftertomorrow.

Voy a empezar a hacer aeróbic pasadomañana. (boy ah ehmpehSAHR ah ahSEHRaehROHbeek pahSAHdthoh mahNYAHnah)

44 I'm going to do aerobics at the gym the dayafter tomorrow. Do you want to go?

Voy a hacer aeróbic en el gimnasiopasado mañana. ¿Quieres ir? (boy ah ahSEHR aehROHbeek ehn ehlheemNAHsyoh pahSAHdthohmahNYAHnah KYEHrehs eer)


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That routine does seem exhausting!¡Esa rutina sí parece agotadora!

English Spanish

1 That routine does seem exhausting!¡Esa rutina sí parece agotadora! (¡EHsah rrooTEEnah see pahREHsehahgohtahDTHOHrah!)

2 it does seem sí parece (see pahREHseh)

3

Did you notice the use of sí in the Spanish sentence? In Spanish, when you want to giveemphasis to a sentence all you do is add sí before the main verb. This is similar to how Englishuses the word "does" for emphasis, often stressing this word. Therefore, you can say ¡Estarutina parece agotadora! (This routine seems exhausting!), but you can give the sentencemore emphasis and say ¡Esta rutina sí parece agotadora! (This routine does seemexhausting!).

4 exhausting agotador (ahgohtahDTHOHR)

5 It does seem exhausting. Sí parece agotador. (see pahREHseh ahgohtahDTHOHR)

6 routine rutina (rrooTEEnah)

7 I just finished the routine.Acabo de terminar la rutina. (ahKAHboh deh tehrmeeNAHR lahrrooTEEnah)

8 I just finished the routine. Now I do feel tired.

Acabo de terminar la rutina. Ahora síme siento cansado. (ahKAHboh deh tehrmeeNAHR lahrrooTEEnah. ahOHrah see meh SYEHNtohkahnSAHdthoh.)

9 tiring cansador (kahnsahDOHR)

10 That does sound tiring! ¡Eso sí suena cansador! (EHsoh see SWEHnah kahnsahDOHR)

11 You do look tired! ¡Sí te ves agotada! (see teh behs ahgohTAHdthah)

12 That sport does seem fun to me!¡Ese deporte sí me parece divertido! (EHseh dehPOHRteh see meh pahREHsehdeebehrTEEdthoh)

13 difficult difícil (deeFEEseel)

14 That does seem difficult! ¡Eso sí parece difícil! (¡EHsoh see pahREHseh deeFEEseel!)

15 Lifting weights does sound difficult to me!¡Levantar pesas sí me suena difícil! (lehbahnTAHR PEHsahs see mehSWEHnah deeFEEseel)


227





Vocabulary ReviewEnglish Spanish

(I/ he/ she/ it/ you [formal]) had tenía (tehNEEah)

(he / she) lost perdió (pehrDTHYOH)

(he / she) declared declaró (dehklahROH)

(he / she) got sick se enfermó (seh ehnfehrMOH)

(he) composed compuso (kohmPOOsoh)

(he) helped ayudó (ahyooDTHOH)

(he) prohibited prohibió (proeeBYOH)

(he) sold vendió (behnDYOH)

(he) wrote escribió (ehskreeBYOH)

(he/ she/ it) put puso (POOsoh)

(it) sounds suena (SWEHnah)

(she) painted pintó (peenTOH)

(she) put her/ him/ it le puso (leh POOsoh)

(they) formed formaron (fohrMAHrohn)

(they) go van (bahn)



228





English Spanish

(they) happened pasaron (pahSAHrohn)

(they) will attend asistirán (ahseesteeRAHN)

(you) go van (bahn)

(you) spell deletrea (dehlehTREHah)

(you) want quieren (KYEHrehn)

1820 1820 (meel ohchohSYEHNtohs BEYNteh)

Arab árabe (AHrahbeh)

Argentina Argentina (ahrhehnTEEnah)

Chile Chile (CHEEleh)

Colombia Colombia (kohLOHMbyah)

European europeo (ehwrohPEHoh)

Greek griego (GRYEHgoh)

I baked horneé (ohrnehEH)

I burned myself me quemé (meh kehMEH)

I check me fijo (meh FEEhoh)

I did hice (EEseh)



229





English Spanish

I die me muero (meh MWEHroh)

I do hago (AHgoh)

I failed reprobé (rrehprohBEH)

I feel siento (SYEHNtoh)

I fell me caí (meh kahYEE)

I find out enterarme (ehntehRAHRmeh)

I finished terminé (tehrmeeNEH)

I fractured fracturé (frahktooREH)

I gained weight engordé (ehngohrDTHEH)

I graduate me gradúo (meh grahDTHOOoh)

I graduated me gradué (meh grahDTHWEH)

I introduce presento (prehSEHNtoh)

I introduced presenté (prehsehnTEH)

I made hice (EEseh)

I passed aprobé (ahprohBEH)

I ran corrí (kohRREE)



230





English Spanish

I read leí (lehEE)

I refer me refiero (meh rrehFYEHroh)

I run corro (KOHrroh)

I took out me saqué (meh sahKEH)

I will put on pondré (pohnDREH)

I'll pass. (I pass.)

Paso. (PAHsoh)

I'm almost done. Ya casi termino. (yah KAHsee tehrMEEnoh)

I'm craving se me antoja (seh meh ahnTOHhah)

It seems to me... Se me hace... (seh meh AHseh)

Latin American latinoamericano (lahteenohahmehreeKAHnoh)

Licenciate Licenciado (leesehnSYAHdthoh)

Martinique Martinica (mahrteeNEEkah)

Peru Perú (pehROO)

Spain España (ehsPAHnyah)

T.V. host presentador (prehsehntahDTHOHR)

Take it. Tómelo. (TOHmehloh)



231





English Spanish

The one who... El / La que... (ehl / lah keh)

The one with... El / La de... (ehl / lah deh)

Try them. Pruébalas. (PRWEHbahlahs)

Venezuela Venezuela (behnehSWEHlah)

a jest una broma (OOnah BROHmah)

a joke un chiste (oon CHEESteh)

activity actividad (ahkteebeeDTHAHDTH)

actress actriz (ahkTREES)

address dirección (deerehkSYOHN)

aerobics aeróbic (aehROHbeek)

allergic alérgico (ahLEHRheekoh)

almost casi (KAHsee)

already ya (yah)

always siempre (SYEHMpreh)

another otro (OHtroh)

antibiotic antibiótico (ahnteeBYOHteekoh)



232





English Spanish

apply [imperative] aplique (ahPLEEkeh)

architect arquitecto (ahrkeeTEHKtoh)

architecture arquitectura (ahrkeetehkTOOrah)

arm brazo (BRAHsoh)

art arte (AHRteh)

artificial sweetener edulcorante (ehdthoolkohRAHNteh)

artist artista (ahrTEEStah)

as como (KOHmoh)

assignment tarea (tahREHah)

ballroom salón (sahLOHN)

band banda (BAHNdah)

battle batalla (bahTAHyah)

beard barba (BAHRbah)

because of por (pohr)

bee abeja (ahbEHhah)

been (for permanent states of being) sido (SEEdthoh)



233





English Spanish

beginning principio (preenSEEpyoh)

blazer saco (SAHkoh)

blouse blusa (BLOOsah)

brown marrón (mahRROHN)

burn quemadura (kehmahDTHOOrah)

butter mantequilla (mahntehKEEyah)

by para (PAHrah)

car carro (KAHrroh)

celiac celíaco (sehLEEahkoh)

championship campeonato (kahmpeohNAHtoh)

cheek mejilla (mehHEEyah)

cheese queso (KEHsoh)

chest pecho (PEHchoh)

child niño (NEEnyoh)

child niña (NEEnyah)

children niños (NEEnyohs)



234





English Spanish

children hijos (EEhohs)

closet armario (ahrMAHryoh)

club club (kloob)

coach entrenador (ehntrehnahDTHOHR)

colony colonia (kohLOHnyah)

common común (kohMOON)

competition competencia (kohmpehTEHNsyah)

contains [subjunctive] contenga (kohnTEHNgah)

cookies galletas (gahYEHtahs)

could you podrás (pohDTHRAHS)

country país (pahEES)

cramp calambre (kahLAHMbreh)

cramped acalambrado (ahkahlahmBRAHdthoh)

cream crema (KREHmah)

dairy lácteos (LAHKteohs)

description descripción (dehskreepSYOHN)



235





English Spanish

diabetic diabético (dyahBEHteekoh)

diet dieta (DYEHtah)

difficult difícil (deeFEEseel)

director director (deerehkTOHR)

discomfort molestia (mohLEHStyah)

dish plato (PLAHtoh)

doctorate degree doctorado (dohktohRAHdthoh)

dressed vestido (behsTEEdthoh)

drops gotas (GOHtahs)

during durante (dooRAHNteh)

ear oreja (ohREHhah)

earrings aretes (ahREHtehs)

elegant elegante (ehlehGAHNteh)

engineer ingeniero (eenhehNYEHroh)

enough suficiente (soofeeSYEHNteh)

event evento (ehBEHNtoh)



236





English Spanish

every other day día por medio (DEEah pohr MEHdthyoh)

excited emocionado (ehmohsyohNAHdthoh)

exercise ejercicio (ehhehrSEEsyoh)

exhausted agotado (ahgohTAHdthoh)

exhausting agotador (ahgohtahDTHOHR)

eye ojo (OHhoh)

face cara (KAHrah)

fair-skinned person güero (GWEHroh)

familiar conocido (kohnohSEEdthoh)

famous famoso (fahMOHsoh)

fat grasa (GRAHsah)

father-in-law suegro (SWEHgroh)

festival festival (fehsteeBAHL)

figure figura (feeGOOrah)

flavor sabor (sahBOHR)

flowery floreado (flohrehAHdthoh)



237





English Spanish

fracture fractura (frahkTOOrah)

full lleno (YEHnoh)

funny gracioso (grahSYOHsoh)

give me dame (DAHmeh)

gluten gluten (GLOOtehn)

goalie portero (pohrTEHroh)

godfather padrino (pahDTHREEnoh)

godmother madrina (mahDTHREEnah)

golden dorado (dohRAHdthoh)

grade nota (NOHtah)

granddaughter nieta (NYEHtah)

grandson nieto (NYEHtoh)

great grandfather bisabuelo (beesahBWEHloh)

group grupo (GROOpoh)

hairstyle peinado (peyNAHdthoh)

hand mano (MAHnoh)



238





English Spanish

handsome guapo (GWAHpoh)

happy feliz (fehLEES)

high school preparatoria (prehpahrahTOHryah)

honey (heart)

corazón (kohrahSOHN)

horrible horrible (ohRREEbleh)

hot caliente (kahLYEHNteh)

hunger hambre (AHMbreh)

ice cream helado (ehLAHdthoh)

in a second ahorita (aohREEtah)

in order to para (PAHrah)

in-laws suegros (SWEHgrohs)

independence independencia (eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

indigenous indígena (eenDTHEEhehnah)

injury lesión (lehSYOHN)

instead of en vez de (ehn behs deh)

interested interesado (eentehrehSAHdthoh)



239





English Spanish

invasion invasión (eenbahSYOHN)

investigation investigación (eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

invitation invitación (eenbeetahSYOHN)

it lo (loh)

it became independent se independizó (seh eendehpehndeeSOH)

it brings out resalta (rrehSAHLtah)

it combines combina (kohmBEEnah)

it contains contiene (kohnTYEHneh)

it does seem sí parece (see pahREHseh)

it formed formó (fohrMOH)

it looked se veía (seh behEEah)

it looks...on you (it is seen on you)

se te ve (seh teh beh)

it must be debe ser (DEHbeh sehr)

it starts empieza (ehmPYEHsah)

it will combine combinará (kohmbeenahRAH)

it won ganó (gahNOH)



240





English Spanish

itch comezón (kohmehSOHN)

its su (soo)

joking bromeando (brohmehAHNdoh)

juice jugo (HOOgoh)

just sólo (SOHloh)

lactose intolerant intolerante a la lactosa (eentohlehRAHNteh ah lah lahkTOHsah)

last último (OOLteemoh)

law ley (ley)

leg pierna (PYEHRnah)

let me déjeme (DEHhehmeh)

let me déjame (DEHhahmeh )

liked gustó (goosTOH)

local local (lohKAHL)

long ago hace mucho (AHseh MOOchoh)

long before mucho antes (MOOchoh AHNtehs)

major carrera (kahRREHrah)



241





English Spanish

mambo mambo (MAHMboh)

man hombre (OHMbreh)

master's degree maestría (mahehsTREEah)

medication medicamento (mehdtheekahMEHNtoh)

minor leve (LEHbeh)

minute minuto (meeNOOtoh)

mole lunar (looNAHR)

monarchy monarquía (mohnahrKEEah)

month mes (mehs)

mother-in-law suegra (SWEHgrah)

mouth boca (BOHkah)

mustache bigote (beeGOHteh)

national nacional (nahsyohNAHL)

necklace collar (kohYAHR)

nephew sobrino (sohBREEnoh)

never nunca (NOONkah)



242





English Spanish

news noticias (nohTEEsyahs)

niece sobrina (sohBREEnah)

nose nariz (nahREES)

novel novela (nohBEHlah)

nuts nueces (NWEHsehs)

oatmeal avena (ahBEHnah)

occurred ocurrió (ohkooRRYOH)

olive oil aceite de oliva (ahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

orange naranja (nahRAHNhah)

origin origen (ohREEhehn)

painkillers calmantes (kahlMAHNtehs)

painter pintor (peenTOHR)

pair pareja (pahREHhah)

part parte (PAHRteh)

partner pareja (pahREHhah)

peace paz (pahs)



243





English Spanish

peanuts maní (mahNEE)

penicillin penicilina (pehneeseeLEEnah)

people (persons)

personas (pehrSOHnahs)

person persona (pehrSOHnah)

pizza pizza (PEETsah)

play obra de teatro (OHbrah deh tehAHtroh)

player jugador (hoogahDTHOHR)

playing jugando (hooGAHNdoh)

prepared preparado (prehpahRAHdthoh)

prescription receta (rrehSEHtah)

pressure presión (prehSYOHN)

previous anterior (ahntehRYOHR)

primary primario (preeMAHryoh)

private privado (preeBAHdthoh)

professor profesor (prohfehSOHR)

psychologist psicólogo (seeKOHlohgoh)



244





English Spanish

psychology psicología (seekohlohHEEah)

pudding budín (booDTHEEN)

put [imperative] ponga (POHNgah)

put on yourself [imperative] póngase (POHNgahseh)

rash sarpullido (sahrpooYEEdthoh)

rebels rebeldes (rrehBEHLdehs)

referee árbitro (AHRbeetroh)

reign reinado (rreyNAHdthoh)

republic república (rrehPOObleekah)

revolution revolución (rrebohlooSYON)

ridiculous ridículo (rreeDTHEEkooloh)

riding andando (ahnDAHNdoh)

roommate compañero de cuarto (kohmpahNYEHroh deh KWAHRtoh)

routine rutina (rrooTEEnah)

rug tapete (tahPEHteh)

running corriendo (kohRRYEHNdoh)



245





English Spanish

sad triste (TREESteh)

salesman vendedor (behndehDTHOHR)

salsa salsa (SAHLsah)

salty salado (sahLAHdthoh)

samba samba (SAHMbah)

same mismo (MEESmoh)

sandals sandalias (sahnDAHlyahs)

school escuela (ehsKWEHlah)

sculptor escultor (ehskoolTOHR)

secondary secundario (sehkoonDAHryoh)

serious grave (GRAHbeh)

seriously en serio (ehn SEHryoh)

seven thirty (7:30) (seven and half (7:30))

siete y media (7:30) (SYEHteh ee MEHdthyah)

sharp agudo (ahGOOdthoh)

shirt camisa (kahMEEsah)

show programa (prohGRAHmah)



246





English Spanish

singer cantante (kahnTAHNteh)

skinny flaca (FLAHkah)

skirt falda (FAHLdah)

slender delgado (dehlGAHdthoh)

so así (ahSEE)

so (so that)

así que (ahSEE keh)

so that para que (PAHrah keh)

soccer player futbolista (footbohLEEStah)

son hijo (EEhoh)

song canción (kahnSYOHN)

sore dolorido (dohlohREEdthoh)

speaking hablando (ahBLAHNdoh)

special especial (ehspehSYAHL)

specific específico (ehspehSEEfeekoh)

spicy picante (peeKAHNteh)

state estatal (ehstahTAHL)



247





English Spanish

still todavía (tohdthahBEEah)

straight lacio (LAHsyoh)

strange extraño (ehksTRAHnyoh)

strawberry fresa (FREHsah)

studying estudiando (ehstooDTHYAHNdoh)

subject materia (mahTEHryah)

sure seguro (sehGOOroh)

sweet dulce (DOOLseh)

take [imperative] tome (TOHmeh)

tango tango (TAHNgoh)

tattoo tatuaje (tahTWAHheh)

tennis tenis (TEHnees)

terrible terrible (tehRREEbleh)

territory territorio (tehrreeTOHryoh)

test examen (ehKSAHmehn)

the day after tomorrow pasado mañana (pahSAHdthoh mahNYAHnah)



248





English Spanish

the day before yesterday anteayer (ahntyahYEHR)

there will be habrá (ahBRAH)

they became independent se independizaron (seh eendehpehndeeSAHrohn)

they declared declararon (dehklahRAHrohn)

they have been han sido (ahn SEEdthoh)

they put pusieron (pooSYEHrohn)

they will play (music) tocarán (tohkahRAHN)

they won ganaron (gahNAHrohn)

thirst sed (sehdth)

tie corbata (kohrBAHtah)

times veces (BEHsehs)

times a day veces al día (BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

tiring cansador (kahnsahDOHR)

to advise aconsejar (ahkohnsehHAHR)

to apply aplicar (ahpleeKAHR)

to attend asistir (ahseesTEER )



249





English Spanish

to avoid evitar (ehbeeTAHR)

to bathe bañarse (bahNYAHRseh)

to be likeable to them gustarles (goosTAHRlehs)

to be likeable to you gustarte (goosTAHRteh)

to be long / to take long tardar (tahrDTHAHR)

to be missing faltar (FAHLtahr)

to become independent independizarse (eendehpehndeeSAHRseh)

to bring out resaltar (rrehsahlTAHR)

to brush cepillar (sehpeeYAHR)

to brush one's hair (to comb one's hair)

peinarse (peyNAHRseh)

to burn oneself quemarse (kehMAHRseh)

to check fijarse (feeHAHRseh)

to combine combinar (kohmbeeNAHR)

to compete competir (kohmpehTEER)

to compose componer (kohmpohNEHR)

to contain contener (kohntehNEHR)



250





English Spanish

to crave antojarse (ahntohHAHRseh)

to cry llorar (yohRAHR)

to declare declarar (dehklahRAHR)

to die morir (mohREER)

to die morirse (mohREERseh)

to drop / lose (weight) bajar (bahHAHR)

to exercise (something) ejercitar (ehhehrseeTAHR)

to fail reprobar (rrehprohBAHR)

to find out enterarse (ehntehRAHRseh)

to finish terminar (tehrmeeNAHR)

to form formar (fohrMAHR )

to fracture fracturar (frahktooRAHR)

to fry freír (frehEER)

to gain weight engordar (ehngohrDTHAHR )

to get dressed vestirse (behsTEERseh)

to get ready alistarse (ahleesTAHRseh)



251





English Spanish

to get sick enfermarse (ehnfehrMAHRseh)

to graduate graduarse (grahDWAHRseh)

to hand in entregar (ehntrehGAHR)

to have read haber leído (ahBEHR lehEEdthoh)

to help ayudar (ahyooDTHAHR)

to hurt oneself lastimarse (lahsteeMAHRseh)

to introduce presentar (prehsehnTAHR)

to introduce to you presentarte (prehsehnTAHRteh)

to join unirse (ooNEERseh)

to joke / to kid bromear (brohmehAHR)

to laugh reír (rrehEER)

to lift levantar (lehbahnTAHR)

to listen escuchar (ehskooCHAHR)

to lose perder (pehrDTHEHR)

to lose weight adelgazar (ahdehlgahSAHR)

to move mudarse (mooDTHAHRseh)



252





English Spanish

to occur ocurrir (ohkooRREER)

to paint pintar (peenTAHR)

to pass (a class or exam) aprobar (ahprohBAHR)

to pick someone up pasar a buscar (pahSAHR ah boosKAHR)

to play (music) tocar (tohKAHR)

to prescribe recetar (rrehsehTAHR)

to prohibit prohibir (proeeBEER)

to put poner (pohNEHR)

to put a cast enyesar (ehnyehSAHR)

to put make up on oneself maquillarse (mahkeeYAHRseh)

to read leer (lehEHR)

to receive recibir (rrehseeBEER)

to redo volver a hacer (bohlBEHR ah ahSEHR)

to refer to referirse a (rrehfehREERseh ah)

to run correr (kohRRER)

to seem parecer (pahrehSEHR)



253





English Spanish

to shower ducharse (dooCHAHRseh)

to sound sonar (sohNAHR)

to spell deletrear (dehlehtrehAHR)

to start empezar (ehmpehSAHR)

to take care of cuidar (kweeDTHAHR)

to take out sacarse (sahKAHRseh)

to tell contar (kohnTAHR)

to train entrenar (ehntrehNAHR)

to treat tratar (trahTAHR)

to try probar (prohBAHR)

to try on probarse (prohBAHRseh)

to win ganar (gahNAHR)

to workout entrenar (ehntrehNAHR)

to worry preocuparse (prehohkooPAHRseh)

to write escribir (ehskreeBEER)

to you I introduce le presento (leh prehSEHNtoh)



254





English Spanish

to you I introduce les presento (lehs prehSEHNtoh)

tooth diente (DYEHNteh)

treadmill cinta de correr (SEENtah deh kohRREHR)

try [imperative] prueba (PRWEHbah)

try on [imperative] pruébate (PRWEHbahteh)

type; kind tipo (TEEpoh)

ugly feo (FEHoh)

uncommon poco común (POHkoh kohMOON)

us nosotros (nohSOHtrohs)

used to listen escuchaba (ehskooCHAHbah)

used to love (used to enchant)

encantaba (ehnkahnTAHbah)

used to sing cantaba (kahnTAHbah)

used to watch miraba (meeRAHbah)

vanilla vainilla (bayNEEyah)

vegetarian vegetariano (behhehtahRYAHnoh)

vitamin vitamina (beetahMEEnah)



255





English Spanish

volleyball voleibol (bohleyBOHL)

war guerra (GEHrrah)

was estaba (ehstAHbah)

wavy ondulado (ohndooLAHdthoh)

we compete competimos (kohmpehTEEmohs)

we met nos conocimos (nohs kohnohSEEmohs)

we need necesitamos (nehsehseeTAHmohs)

we went fuimos (FWEEmohs )

weight pesa (PEHsah)

weight peso (PEHsoh)

weird raro (RRAHroh)

white blanco (BLAHNkoh)

who quiénes (KYEHnehs)

wig peluca (pehLOOkah)

will be estará (ehstahRAH)

will play tocará (tohkahRAH)



256





English Spanish

woman mujer (mooHEHR)

wonderful maravillosa (mahrahbeeYOHsah)

workout entrenamiento (ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

wound herida (ehREEdthah)

writer escritor (ehskreeTOHR)

yet todavía (tohdthahBEEah)

you ustedes (oosTEHdthehs)

you are [subjunctive] estés (ehsTEHS)

you baked horneaste (ohrnehAHSteh)

you believe crees (KREHehs)

you checked te fijaste (teh feeHAHsteh)

you crave se te antoja (seh teh ahnTOHhah)

you cry lloras (YOHrahs)

you cry [subjunctive] llores (YOHrehs)

you did hiciste (eeSEESteh)

you do haces (AHsehs)



257





English Spanish

you feel te sientes (teh SYEHNtehs)

you feel [subjunctive] sientas (SYEHNtahs)

you fried freíste (frehEESteh)

you graduated te graduaste (teh grahDTHWAHSteh)

you handed in entregaste (ehntrehGAHSteh)

you heard escuchaste (ehskooCHAHSteh)

you laugh te ríes (teh RREEehs)

you made hiciste (eeSEESteh)

you met conoció (kohnohSYOH)

you met conociste (kohnohSEEsteh)

you put [subjunctive] pongas (POHNgahs)

you read leíste (lehEESteh)

you refer to te refieres a (teh rrehFYEHrehs ah)

you saw viste (BEESteh)

you spell deletreas (dehlehTREHahs)

you took out te sacaste (teh sahKAHSteh)



258





English Spanish

you try on te pruebas (teh PRWEHbahs)

you will be estarás (ehstahRAHS)

you will be long / you will take long tardarás (tahrdthahRAHS)

you will feel sentirás (sehnteeRAHS)

you will have to tendrás que (tehnDRAHS keh)

you worry te preocupas (teh preh-ohKOOpahs)

you would be estarías (ehstahREEahs)


259





Phrase ReviewEnglish Spanish

What happened to you? Let me see. ¿Qué le pasó? Déjeme ver. (keh leh pahSOH DEHhehmeh behr)

I was cooking and I burned my hand!¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé la mano! (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh ee mehkehMEH lah MAHnoh)

What do you feel? ¿Qué siente? (keh SYEHNteh)

A very sharp pain. Un dolor muy agudo. (oon dohLOHR mwee ahGOOdthoh)

It's not serious but you need to treat the burn.No es grave pero necesita tratar laquemadura. (noh ehs GRAHbeh PEHroh nehsehSEEtahtrahTAHR lah kehmahDTHOOrah)

This prescription is for the cream that you need.Esta receta es para la crema que necesita.(EHStah rrehSEHtah ehs PAHrah lahKREHmah keh nehsehSEEtah)

Put it on twice a day for four days.Póngasela dos veces al día por cuatrodías. (POHNgahsehlah dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEahpohr KWAHtroh DEEahs)

Thanks, doctor. Gracias, doctor. (GRAHsyahs dohkTOHR)

I burned my hand! ¡Me quemé la mano! (meh kehMEH lah MAHnoh)

with hot water con agua caliente (kohn AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

I burned myself with hot water! ¡Me quemé con agua caliente! (meh kehMEH kohn AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

I was cooking lasagna and I burned myself withhot water!

¡Estaba cocinando lasagna y me quemécon agua caliente! (ehsTAHbah kohseeNAHNdoh lahSAHnyah eemeh kehMEH kohn AHwah kahLYEHNteh)

I broke my leg. (I fractured the leg.)

Me fracturé la pierna. (meh frahktooREH lah PYEHRnah)



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I was running and I broke my leg.Estaba corriendo y me fracturé la pierna. (ehsTAHbah kohRRYEHNdoh ee mehfrahktooREH lah PYEHRnah)

I was running and I fainted.Estaba corriendo y me desmayé. (ehsTAHbah kohRRYEHNdoh ee mehdehsmahYEH)

I broke my arm. Me fracturé el brazo. (meh frahktooREH ehl BRAHsoh)

I fainted and I think that I broke my arm.Me desmayé y creo que me fracturé elbrazo. (meh dehsmahYEH ee KREHoh keh mehfrahktooREH ehl BRAHsoh)

I was playing and I fainted.Estaba jugando y me desmayé. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ee mehdehsmahYEH)

I was playing basketball. Estaba jugando al básquet. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ahl BAHSkeht)

I was playing basketball and I think that I broke myarm.

Estaba jugando al básquet y creo que mefracturé el brazo. (ehsTAHbah hooGAHNdoh ahl BAHSkeht eeKREHoh keh meh frahktooREH ehl BRAHsoh)

I was riding a horse and I fell.Estaba andando a caballo y me caí. (ehsTAHbah ahnDAHNdoh ah kahBAHyoh eemeh kahEE)

I was riding a horse and I fell. I think that I brokemy leg.

Estaba andando a caballo y me caí. Creoque me fracturé la pierna. (ehsTAHbah ahnDAHNdoh ah kahBAHyoh eemeh kahEE KREHoh keh meh frahktooREH lahPYEHRnah)

Let me see the wound. Déjeme ver la herida. (DEHhehmeh behr lah ehREEdthah)

Let me see. Déjeme ver. (DEHhehmeh behr)

Let me see the hand. Déjeme ver la mano. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh)

the wound that you have on your handla herida que tiene en la mano (lah ehREEdthah keh TYEHneh ehn lahMAHnoh)

Let me see the wound that you have on yourhand.

Déjeme ver la herida que tiene en lamano. (DEHhehmeh behr lah ehREEdthah kehTYEHneh ehn lah MAHnoh)



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Let me see your eye. Déjeme ver el ojo. (DEHhehmeh behr ehl OHhoh)

Let me see the eye that you hurt.Déjeme ver el ojo que se lastimó. (DEHhehmeh behr ehl OHhoh keh sehlahsteeMOH)

Let me see the hand that you hurt.Déjeme ver la mano que se lastimó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh sehlahsteeMOH)

Let me see the hand that you burned.Déjeme ver la mano que se quemó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh sehkehMOH)

Let me see the leg that you broke.Déjeme ver la pierna que se fracturó. (DEHhehmeh behr lah PYEHRnah keh sehfrahktooROH)

Where does it hurt? ¿Dónde le duele? (DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

Let me see where it hurts. Déjeme ver donde le duele. (DEHhehmeh behr DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

Does it hurt? Let me see. ¿Te duele? Déjame ver. (teh DWEHleh DEHhahmeh behr)

Let me see the hand. Déjame ver la mano. (DEHhahmeh behr lah MAHnoh)

Let me see the hand that hurts.Déjame ver la mano que te duele. (DEHhahmeh behr lah MAHnoh keh tehDWEHleh)

I feel a very sharp pain.Siento un dolor muy agudo. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR mweeahGOOdthoh)

I feel a pain. Siento un dolor. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR)

a sharp pain un dolor agudo (oon dohLOHR ahGOOdthoh)

I feel a sharp pain in my chest.Siento un dolor agudo en el pecho. (SYEHNtoh oon dohLOHR ahGOOdthoh ehnehl PEHchoh)

a discomfort in my stomachuna molestia en el estómago (OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlehsTOHmahgoh)



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I feel a discomfort in my stomach.Siento una molestia en el estómago. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlehsTOHmahgoh)

It's not serious. No es grave. (noh ehs GRAHbeh)

I feel a discomfort in my chest.Siento una molestia en el pecho. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlPEHchoh)

I feel a discomfort in my chest but it's not serious.Siento una molestia en el pecho pero noes grave. (SYEHNtoh OOnah mohLEHStyah ehn ehlPEHchoh PEHroh noh ehs GRAHbeh)

My arm itches. (I feel an itch on the arm.)

Siento comezón en el brazo. (SYEHNtoh kohmehSOHN ehn ehl BRAHsoh)

This prescription is for the painkillers.Esta receta es para los calmantes. (EHStah rrehSEHtah ehs PAHrah lohskahlMAHNtehs)

for the painkillers para los calmantes (PAHrah lohs kahlMAHNtehs)

Do you have the prescription for the painkillers?¿Tiene la receta para los calmantes? (TYEHneh lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lohskahlMAHNtehs)

Here is the prescription for the antibiotics.Aquí está la receta para los antibióticos. (ahKEE ehsTAH lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lohsahnteeBYOHteekohs)

Is this the prescription for the antibiotics?¿Esta es la receta para los antibióticos? (EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lohsahnteeBYOHteekohs)

he prescibed...to me él me recetó (ehl meh rrehsehTOH)

He prescribed antibiotics to me. Me recetó antibióticos. (meh rrehsehTOH ahnteeBYOHteekohs)

The doctor prescribed antibiotics to me.El doctor me recetó antibióticos. (ehl dohkTOHR meh rrehsehTOHahnteeBYOHteekohs)

This is the prescription for the vitamins.Esta es la receta para las vitaminas. (EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lahsbeetahMEEnahs)

that the doctor prescribed to me que me recetó el doctor (keh meh rrehsehTOH ehl dohkTOHR)



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This is the prescription for the vitamins that thedoctor prescribed to me.

Esta es la receta para las vitaminas queme recetó el doctor. (EHStah ehs lah rrehSEHtah PAHrah lahsbeetahMEEnahs keh meh rrehsehTOH ehldohkTOHR)

Are you allergic to any medication?¿Es usted alérgico a algún medicamento? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh ah ahlGOONmehdtheekahMEHNtoh)

Are you allergic? ¿Es usted alérgico? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh)

I'm allergic to some medications.Soy alérgico a algunos medicamentos. (soy ahLEHRheekoh ah ahlGOOnohsmehdtheekahMEHNtohs)

allergic to bees alérgico a las abejas (ahLEHRheekoh ah lahs ahBEHhahs)

Are you allergic to bees?¿Es usted alérgico a las abejas? (ehs oosTEHDTH ahLEHRheekoh ah lahsahBEHhahs)

Are you allergic to any food?¿Eres alérgica a alguna comida? (EHrehs ahLEHRheekah ah ahlGOOnahkohMEEdthah)

Are you allergic to seafood?¿Eres alérgico a los mariscos? (EHrehs ahLEHRheekoh ah lohsmahREESkohs)

I'm not allergic to seafood.No soy alérgico a los mariscos. (noh soy ahLEHRheekoh ah lohsmahREESkohs)

What are you allergic to? ¿A qué es alérgico? (ah keh ehs ahLEHRheekoh)

Are you allergic to anything? ¿Es alérgico a algo? (ehs ahLEHRheekoh ah AHLgoh)

Are you allergic to penicillin?¿Es alérgica a la penicilina? (ehs ahLEHRheekah ah lahpehneeseeLEEnah)

I'm allergic to penicillin.Soy alérgica a la penicilina. (soy ahLEHRheekah ah lahpehneeseeLEEnah)

It's not a serious injury so you can go home.No es una lesión grave así que puede ir acasa. (noh ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh ahSEEkeh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

It is a serious injury. Es una lesión grave. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh)



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It's not a serious injury. No es una lesión grave. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh)

to go home (to go to house)

ir a casa (eer ah KAHsah)

So you can go home. Así que puede ir a casa. (ahSEE keh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

So it is not a serious wound.Así que no es una herida grave. (ahSEE keh noh ehs OOnah ehREEdthahGRAHbeh)

You have to stay. Tiene que quedarse. (TYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRseh)

So you have to stay in the hospital.Así que tiene que quedarse en el hospital. (ahSEE keh TYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRseh ehnehl ohspeeTAHL)

It's a serious injury so you have to stay in thehospital.

Es una lesión grave así que tiene quequedarse en el hospital. (ehs OOnah lehSYOHN GRAHbeh ahSEE kehTYEHneh keh kehDTHAHRseh ehn ehlohspeeTAHL)

This is a minor injury. Esta es una lesión leve. (EHStah ehs OOnah lehSYOHN LEHbeh)

This is a minor injury so you can go home.Esta es una lesión leve así que puede ir acasa. (EHStah ehs OOnah lehSYOHN LEHbeh ahSEEkeh PWEHdtheh eer ah KAHsah)

This is not a fracture. It's a minor injury.Esta no es una fractura. Es una lesión leve.(EHStah noh ehs OOnah frahkTOOrah ehsOOnah lehSYOHN LEHbeh)

to put a cast on the arm enyesar el brazo (ehnyehSAHR ehl BRAHsoh)

to put a cast on your arm enyesarle el brazo (ehnyehSAHRleh ehl BRAHsoh)

This is a fracture so I have to put a cast on yourarm.

Esta es una fractura así que tengo queenyesarle el brazo. (EHStah ehs OOnah frahkTOOrah ahSEE kehTEHNgoh keh ehnyehSAHRleh ehl BRAHsoh)

You need to treat that rash.Necesita tratar ese sarpullido. (nehsehSEEtah trahTAHR EHsehsahrpooYEEdthoh)



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to treat that rash tratar ese sarpullido (trahTAHR EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh)

That rash is not serious. Ese sarpullido no es grave. (EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh noh ehs GRAHbeh)

That rash is not serious but you need to treat it.Ese sarpullido no es grave pero necesitatratarlo. (EHseh sahrpooYEEdthoh noh ehs GRAHbehPEHroh nehsehSEEtah trahTAHRloh)

You need cream to treat the rash.Necesita crema para tratar el sarpullido. (nehsehSEEtah KREHmah PAHrah trahTAHRehl sahrpooYEEdthoh)

Your wound is serious. Su herida es grave. (soo ehREEdthah ehs GRAHbeh)

Your wound is serious so you need to treat it.Su herida es grave así que necesitatratarla. (soo ehREEdthah ehs GRAHbeh ahSEE kehnehsehSEEtah trahTAHRlah)

You need to treat the burn.Necesita tratar la quemadura. (nehsehSEEtah trahTAHR lahkehmahDTHOOrah)

You need a cream to treat the burn.Necesita crema para tratar la quemadura. (nehsehSEEtah KREHmah PAHrah trahTAHRlah kehmahDTHOOrah)

Put the drops twice a day for a month.Póngase las gotas dos veces al día por unmes. (POHNgahseh lahs GOHtahs dohs BEHsehsahl DEEah pohr oon mehs)

Put in the drops. Póngase las gotas. (POHNgahseh lahs GOHtahs)

twice a day dos veces al día (dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

twice a day for a month dos veces al día por un mes (dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEah pohr oon mehs)

These are the drops. Estas son las gotas. (EHStahs sohn lahs GOHtahs)

once a day una vez al día (OOnah behs ahl DEEah)



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Put them in once a day. Póngaselas una vez al día. (POHNgahsehlahs OOnah behs ahl DEEah)

These are the drops. Put them in twice a day.Estas son las gotas. Póngaselas dos vecesal día. (EHStahs sohn lahs GOHtahsPOHNgahsehlahs dohs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

Take the antibiotic. Tome el antibiótico. (TOHmeh ehl ahnteeBYOHteekoh)

three times a day tres veces al día (trehs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

This is the antibiotic. Take it three times a day.Este es el antibiótico. Tómelo tres veces aldía. (EHSteh ehs ehl ahnteeBYOHteekohTOHmehloh trehs BEHsehs ahl DEEah)

Apply the cream. Aplique la crema. (ahPLEEkeh lah KREHmah)

over the wound (on top of the wound)

sobre la herida (SOHbreh lah ehREEdthah)

Apply the cream over the wound.Aplique la crema sobre la herida. (ahPLEEkeh lah KREHmah SOHbreh lahehREEdthah)

Have you read anything by Gabriel GarcíaMárquez?

¿Has leído algo de Gabriel GarcíaMárquez? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh gahBRYEHLgahrSEEah MAHRkehs)

No, but his name sounds familiar.No, pero su nombre me suena conocido. (noh PEHroh soo NOHMbreh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

There is an art festival today. Hoy hay un festival de arte. (oy ay oon fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

He will be there with other local artists.Él estará allí con otros artistas locales. (ehl ehstahRAH ahYEE kohn OHtrohsahrTEEStahs lohKAHlehs)

Who do you think will attend? ¿Quiénes crees que asistirán? (KYEHnehs KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN)

There will be painters and sculptors. Habrá pintores y escultores. (ahBRAH peenTOHrehs ee ehskoolTOHrehs)

Will there be music too? ¿Habrá música también? (ahBRAH MOOseekah tahmBYEHN)



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Yes. There will be a salsa band. Si. Habrá una banda de salsa. (see ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah deh SAHLsah)

I like that music. Me gusta esa música. (meh GOOStah EHsah MOOseekah)

Have you read anything by that author?¿Has leído algo de ese escritor? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh EHsehehskreeTOHR)

Have you read something? ¿Has leído algo? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh)

something by that author (something from that writer)

algo de ese escritor (AHLgoh deh EHseh ehskreeTOHR)

Have you read anything by Isabel Allende?¿Has leído algo de Isabel Allende? (ahs lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh eesahBEHLahYEHNdeh)

I have never read anything by that author.Nunca he leído algo de esa escritora. (NOONkah eh lehEEdthoh AHLgoh deh EHsahehskreeTOHrah)

Have you read the book Paula? ¿Has leído el libro Paula? (ahs lehEEdthoh ehl LEEbroh PAHWlah)

I have never read the book Paula.Nunca he leído el libro Paula. (NOONkah eh lehEEdthoh ehl LEEbrohPAHWlah)

Yes, I read it. Sí, lo leí. (see loh lehEE)

I already read that book. Ya leí ese libro. (yah lehEE EHseh LEEbroh)

the last book el último libro (OOLteemoh LEEbroh)

I already read his last book. Ya leí su último libro. (yah lehEE soo OOLteemoh LEEbroh)

Did you read the last book by Laura Esquivel?¿Leíste el último libro de Laura Esquivel? (lehEESteh ehl OOLteemoh LEEbroh dehLAHWrah ehskeeBEHL)

Have you heard anything by Juanes?¿Has escuchado algo de Juanes? (ahs ehskooCHAHdthoh AHLgoh dehHWAHnehs)



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Did you hear the song? ¿Escuchaste la canción? (ehskooCHAHSteh lah kahnSYOHN)

the last song la última canción (lah OOLteemah kahnSYOHN)

Did you hear the last song by Juanes?¿Escuchaste la última canción de Juanes? (ehskooCHAHSteh lah OOLteemahkahnSYOHN deh HWAHnehs)

Yes. I heard his last song.Sí. Escuché su última canción. (see ehskooCHEH soo OOLteemahkahnSYOHN)

Did you see the movie? ¿Viste la película? (BEESteh lah pehLEEkoolah)

Did you see the play? ¿Viste la obra de teatro? (BEESteh lah OHbrah deh tehAHtroh)

I never saw a play but I'd like to!¡Nunca vi una obra de teatro pero megustaría! (NOONkah bee OOnah OHbrah dehtehAHtroh PEHroh meh goostahREEah)

Do you know who wrote this novel?¿Sabes quién escribió esta novela? (SAHbehs kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStahnohBEHlah)

Who wrote this novel? ¿Quién escribió esta novela? (kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStah nohBEHlah)

Do you know who wrote this book?¿Sabes quién escribió este libro? (SAHbehs kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStehLEEbroh)

Do you know who wrote this novel?¿Usted sabe quién escribió esta novela? (oosTEHDTH SAHbeh kyehn ehskreeBYOHEHStah nohBEHlah)

Who painted this painting? ¿Quién pintó este cuadro? (kyehn peenTOH EHSteh KWAHdthroh)

Excuse me, do you know who painted thispainting?

Disculpe, ¿usted sabe quién pintó estecuadro? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH SAHbeh kyehnpeenTOH EHSteh KWAHdthroh)

What book did Carlos Fuentes write?¿Qué libro escribió Carlos Fuentes? (keh LEEbroh ehskreeBYOH KAHRlohsFWEHNtehs)

Do you know what book Carlos Fuentes wrote?¿Sabes qué libro escribió Carlos Fuentes? (SAHbehs keh LEEbroh ehskreeBYOHKAHRlohs FWEHNtehs)



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A singer from this city composed it.Un cantante de esta ciudad la compuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh deh EHStahsyooDTHAHDTH lah kohmPOOsoh)

A singer composed it. Un cantante la compuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh lah kohmPOOsoh)

from this city de esta ciudad (deh EHStah syooDTHAHDTH)

a singer from this cityun cantante de esta ciudad (oon kahnTAHNteh deh EHStahsyooDTHAHDTH)

Who composed this song? ¿Quién compuso esta canción? (kyehn kohmPOOsoh EHStah kahnSYOHN)

Who composed it? ¿Quién la compuso? (kyehn lah kohmPOOsoh)

A singer from Mexico composed it.Un cantante de México la compuso. (oon kahnTAHNteh deh MEHheekoh lahkohmPOOsoh)

Who wrote this play?¿Quién escribió esta obra de teatro? (kyehn ehskreeBYOH EHStah OHbrah dehtehAHtroh)

A writer from Colombia wrote it.Un escritor de Colombia lo escribió. (oon ehskreeTOHR deh kohLOHMbyah lohehskreeBYOH)

a local painter un pintor local (oon peenTOHR lohKAHL)

A local painter painted this painting.Un pintor local pintó este cuadro. (oon peenTOHR lohKAHL peenTOH EHStehKWAHdthroh)

Do you like the painting? A local painter painted it.¿Te gusta el cuadro? Un pintor local lopintó. (teh GOOStah ehl KWAHdthroh oonpeenTOHR lohKAHL loh peenTOH)

Did you like the book? ¿Te gustó el libro? (teh goosTOH ehl LEEbroh)

Did you like the book? A local author wrote it.¿Te gustó el libro? Un escritor local loescribió. (teh goosTOH ehl LEEbroh oon ehskreeTOHRlohKAHL loh ehskreeBYOH)



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Did you like the song? A local singer composed it.¿Te gustó la canción? Un cantante local lacompuso. (teh goosTOH lah kahnSYOHN oonkahnTAHNteh lohKAHL lah kohmPOOsoh)

His name sounds familiar to me.Su nombre me suena conocido. (soo NOHMbreh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

It sounds familiar to me. Me suena conocido. (meh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

His last name sounds familiar to me.Su apellido me suena conocido. (soo ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

the name of the book el nombre del libro (ehl NOHMbreh dehl LEEbroh)

The name of the book sounds familiar to me.El nombre del libro me suena conocido. (ehl NOHMbreh dehl LEEbroh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

That song sounds familiar to me!¡Esa canción me suena conocida! (EHsah kahnSYOHN meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthah)

Does it sound familiar to you? ¿Te suena conocido? (teh sooEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

Does this song sound familiar to you?¿Te suena conocida esta canción? (teh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthah EHStahkahnSYOHN)

Does it sound familiar to you? ¿Le suena conocido? (leh SWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

the name of the singer el nombre del cantante (ehl NOHMbreh dehl kahnTAHNteh)

The name of the singer doesn't sound familiar tome.

El nombre del cantante no me suenaconocido. (ehl NOHMbreh dehl kahnTAHNteh noh mehSWEHnah kohnohSEEdthoh)

Who sings it? ¿Quién la canta? (kyehn lah KAHNtah)

This song sounds familiar to me. Who sings it?Esta canción me suena conocida. ¿Quién lacanta? (EHStah kahnSYOHN meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthah kyehn lah KAHNtah)

There will be a band that will play salsa.Habrá una banda que tocará salsa. (ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah keh tohkahRAHSAHLsah)



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There will be a band. Habrá una banda. (ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah)

A band will play. Tocará una banda. (tohkahRAH OOnah BAHNdah)

A band will play salsa. Una banda tocará salsa. (OOnah BAHNdah tohkahRAH SAHLsah)

art festival festival de arte (fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

There will be an art festival. Habrá un festival de arte. (ahBRAH oon fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

What will there be at the art festival?¿Qué habrá en el festival de arte? (keh ahBRAH ehn ehl fehsteeBAHL dehAHRteh)

There will be two bands. Habrá dos bandas. (ahBRAH dohs BAHNdahs)

There will be two bands and a lot of painters at theart festival.

En el festival de arte habrá dos bandas ymuchos pintores. (ehn ehl fehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh ahBRAHdohs BAHNdahs ee MOOchohs peenTOHrehs)

The other band will play samba. La otra banda tocará samba. (lah OHtrah BAHNdah tohkahRAH SAHMbah)

One band will play salsa and the other one willplay samba.

Una banda tocará salsa y la otra tocarásamba. (OOnah BAHNdah tohkahRAH SAHLsah ee lahOHtrah tohkahRAH SAHMbah)

There will be a lot of writers at the art festival.Habrá muchos escritores en el festival dearte. (ahBRAH MOOchohs ehskreeTOHrehs ehn ehlfehsteeBAHL deh AHRteh)

tango band banda de tango (BAHNdah deh TAHNgoh)

Will there be tango bands? ¿Habrá bandas de tango? (ahBRAH BAHNdahs deh TAHNgoh)

There will be a lot of bands that will play tango.Habrá muchas bandas que tocarán tango. (ahBRAH MOOchahs BAHNdahs kehtohkahRAHN TAHNgoh)



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Do you like mambo? ¿Te gusta el mambo? (teh GOOStah ehl MAHMboh)

Do you like mambo? There will be a mambo bandat the festival.

¿Te gusta el mambo? En el festival habráuna banda de mambo. (teh GOOStah ehl MAHMboh ehn ehlfehsteeBAHL ahBRAH OOnah BAHNdah dehMAHMboh)

Who do you think will attend the event?¿Quiénes crees que asistirán al evento? (KYEHnehs KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN ahlehBEHNtoh)

Will they attend the event? ¿Asistirán al evento? (ahseesteeRAHN ahl ehBEHNtoh)

Do you think that they will attend? (Do you believe that they will attend?)

¿Crees que asistirán? (KREHehs keh ahseesteeRAHN)

Will he be there? ¿Él estará allí? (ehl ehstahRAH ahYEE)

Who will be there? ¿Quiénes estarán allí? (KYEHnehs ehstahRAHN ahYEE)

Will local artists attend? ¿Asistirán artistas locales? (ahseesteeRAHN ahrTEEStahs lohKAHlehs)

Do you know if local artists will attend?¿Sabes si asistirán artistas locales? (SAHbehs see ahseesteeRAHN ahrTEEStahslohKAHlehs)

I think that many local artists will attend theevent.

Creo que muchos artistas locales asistiránal evento. (KREHoh keh MOOchohs ahrTEEStahslohKAHlehs ahseesteeRAHN ahl ehBEHNtoh)

What sculptors will be there? ¿Qué escultores estarán allí? (keh ehskoolTOHrehs ehstahRAHN ahYEE)

the most famous sculptors los escultores más famosos (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohs)

the most famous sculptors of the citylos escultores más famosos de la ciudad (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohsdeh lah syooDTHAHDTH)



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The most famous sculptors of the city will attendthe event.

Los escultores más famosos de la ciudadasistirán al evento. (lohs ehskoolTOHrehs mahs fahMOHsohsdeh lah syooDTHAHDTH ahseesteeRAHN ahlehBEHNtoh)

Grandfather, has Chile always been a republic?Abuelo, ¿Chile siempre ha sido unarepública? (ahBWEHloh CHEEleh SYEHMpreh ahSEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekah)

No. In the beginning Chile formed part of theSpanish monarchy.

No. Al principio Chile formó parte de lamonarquía española. (noh ahl preenSEEpyoh CHEEleh fohrMOHPAHRteh deh lah mohnahrKEEahehspahNYOHlah)

Thanks to San Martín Chile and other countriesbecame independent from Spain.

Gracias a San Martín, Chile y otros paísesse independizaron de España. (GRAHsyahs ah sahn mahrTEEN CHEEleh eeOHtrohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn deh ehsPAHnyah)

Did that occur long ago?¿Eso ocurrió hace mucho tiempo? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchohTYEHMpoh)

Yes, after the battle of Maipú.Sí, después de la batalla de Maipú. (see dehsPWEHS deh lah bahTAHyah dehmayPOO)

How interesting! ¡Qué interesante! (keh eentehrehSAHNteh)

But many terrible things happened.Pero pasaron muchas cosas terribles. (PEHroh pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs)

Yes, battles are terrible. Sí, las batallas son terribles. (see lahs bahTAHyahs sohn tehRREEblehs)

Has Chile always been a republic?¿Chile siempre ha sido una república? (CHEEleh SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthoh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

Has it been a republic? ¿Ha sido una república? (ah SEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekah)

Has it always been a republic?¿Siempre ha sido una república? (SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthoh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

Chile has not always been a republic.Chile no siempre ha sido una república. (CHEEleh noh SYEHMpreh ah SEEdthohOOnah rrehPOObleekah)

Venezuela was a colony. Venezuela fue una colonia. (behnehSWEHlah fweh OOnah kohLOHnyah)


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Venezuela hasn't always been a republic. It wasalso a colony.

Venezuela no siempre ha sido unarepública. También fue una colonia. (behnehSWEHlah noh SYEHMpreh ahSEEdthoh OOnah rrehPOObleekahtahmBYEHN fweh OOnah kohLOHnyah)

Martinique was a French colony.Martinica fue una colonia francesa. (mahrteeNEEkah fweh OOnah kohLOHnyahfrahnSEHsah)

Do you know if Martinique has always been aFrench colony?

¿Sabes si Martinica siempre ha sido unacolonia francesa? (SAHbehs see mahrteeNEEkah SYEHMpreh ahSEEdthoh OOnah kohLOHnyah frahnSEHsah)

Grandfather, do you know what Latin Americancountry has been a monarchy?

Abuelo, ¿sabes qué país latinoamericanoha sido una monarquía? (ahBWEHloh SAHbehs keh pahEESlahteenohahmehreeKAHnoh ah SEEdthohOOnah mohnahrKEEah)

It has never been a monarchy.Nunca ha sido una monarquía. (NOONkah ah SEEdthoh OOnahmohnahrKEEah)

They have never been monarchies. Nunca han sido monarquías. (NOONkah ahn SEEdthoh mohnahrKEEahs)

Mexico was a monarchy from 1821 until 1823 and1864 until 1867.

México fue una monarquía desde 1821hasta 1823 y 1864 hasta 1867. (MEHheekoh fweh OOnah mohnahrKEEahDEHSdtheh meel ohchohSYEHNtohsbeynTYOOnoh AHStah meelohchohSYEHNtohs beynteeTREHS ee meelohchohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah ee KWAHtrohAHStah meel ohchohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtahee SYEHteh)

This country formed part of the Spanish reign.Este país formó parte del reinado español.(EHSteh pahEES fohrMOH PAHRteh dehlrreyNAHdthoh ehspahNYOHL)

it formed part of formó parte de (fohrMOH PAHRteh deh)

formed part of the reign formó parte del reinado (fohrMOH PAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthoh)

It formed part of the Spanish reign.Formó parte del reinado español. (fohrMOH PAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthohehspahNYOHL)

In the beginning Chile formed part of the Spanishreign.

Al principio Chile formó parte del reinadoespañol. (ahl preenSEEpyoh CHEEleh fohrMOHPAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthoh ehspahNYOHL)

the countries formed part of los países formaron parte de (lohs pahEEsehs fohrMAHrohn PAHRteh deh)


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The Latin American countries formed part of theSpanish reign.

Los países latinoamericanos formaronparte del reinado español. (lohs pahEEsehslahteenohahmehreeKAHnohs fohrMAHrohnPAHRteh dehl rreyNAHdthoh ehspahNYOHL)

These territories formed part of Colombia.Estos territorios formaron parte deColombia. (EHStohs tehrreeTOHryohs fohrMAHrohnPAHRteh deh kohLOHMbyah)

many of these territories muchos de estos territorios (MOOchohs deh EHStohs tehrreeTOHryohs)

only one country un solo país (oon SOHloh pahEES)

Many of these territories formed part of only onecountry.

Muchos de estos territorios formaronparte de un solo país. (MOOchohs deh EHStohs tehrreeTOHryohsfohrMAHrohn PAHRteh deh oon SOHlohpahEES)

Colombia and Venezuela formed part of onerepublic.

Colombia y Venezuela formaron parte deuna república. (kohLOHMbyah ee behnehSWEHlahfohrMAHrohn PAHRteh deh OOnahrrehPOObleekah)

That occurred long ago. Eso ocurrió hace mucho. (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchoh)

a long time ago hace mucho tiempo (AHseh MOOchoh TYEHMpoh)

The revolution occurred a long time ago.La revolución ocurrió hace mucho tiempo. (lah rrebohlooSYON ohkooRRYOH AHsehMOOchoh TYEHMpoh)

When did that occur? ¿Cuándo ocurrió eso? (KWAHNdoh ohkooRRYOH EHsoh)

It wasn't long ago. No fue hace mucho. (noh fweh AHseh MOOchoh)

Did that occur before the revolution?¿Eso ocurrió antes de la revolución? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHNtehs deh lahrrebohlooSYON)

before the Mexican revolutionantes de la revolución mexicana (AHNtehs deh lah rrebohlooSYONmehheeKAHnah)



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It occurred a long time ago, before the Mexicanrevolution.

Ocurrió hace mucho tiempo, antes de larevolución mexicana. (ohkooRRYOH AHseh MOOchoh TYEHMpohAHNtehs deh lah rrebohlooSYONmehheeKAHnah)

Did that occur before the English invasions?¿Eso ocurrió antes de las invasionesinglesas? (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH AHNtehs deh lahseenbahSYOHnehs eenGLEHsahs)

That occurred long before! ¡Eso ocurrió mucho antes! (EHsoh ohkooRRYOH MOOchoh AHNtehs)

The countries became independent thanks tohim.

Los países se independizaron gracias a él.(lohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn GRAHsyahs ah ehl)

The countries became independent.Los países se independizaron. (lohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn)

Thanks to him. Gracias a él. (GRAHsyahs ah ehl)

Many countries became independent thanks toSan Martín.

Muchos países se independizaron graciasa San Martín. (MOOchohs pahEEsehs seheendehpehndeeSAHrohn GRAHsyahs ahsahn mahrTEEN)

When did Ecuador become independent?¿Cuándo se independizó Ecuador? (KWAHNdoh seh eendehpehndeeSOHehkwahDTHOHR)

Ecuador became independent in 1820.Ecuador se independizó en 1820. (ehkwahDTHOHR seh eendehpehndeeSOHehn meel ohchohSYEHNtohs BEYNteh)

Ecuador became independent thanks to Sucre.Ecuador se independizó gracias a Sucre. (ehkwahDTHOHR seh eendehpehndeeSOHGRAHsyahs ah SOOkreh)

They became independent from Spain. Se independizó de España. (seh eendehpehndeeSOH deh ehsPAHnyah)

after the revolution después de la revolución (dehsPWEHS deh lah rrebohlooSYON)

Mexico became independent from Spain after therevolution.

México se independizó de España despuésde la revolución. (MEHheekoh seh eendehpehndeeSOH dehehsPAHnyah dehsPWEHS deh lahrrebohlooSYON)

Peru won its independence in the war of 1821.

Perú ganó su independencia en la guerrade 1821. (pehROO gahNOH sooeendehpehnDEHNsyah ehn lah GEHrrah deh


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meel ohchohSYEHNtohs beynTYOOnoh)



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Peru won its independence.Perú ganó su independencia. (pehROO gahNOH sooeendehpehnDEHNsyah)

in the war of 1821en la guerra de 1821 (ehn lah GEHrrah deh meelohchohSYEHNtohs beynTYOOnoh)

Chile won its independence from Spain in 1818.

Chile ganó su independencia de España en1818. (CHEEleh gahNOH soo eendehpehnDEHNsyahdeh ehsPAHnyah ehn meelohchohSYEHNtohs dyehSYOHchoh)

Who won the battle? ¿Quién ganó la batalla? (kyehn gahNOH lah bahTAHyah)

They won the battle! ¡Ganaron la batalla! (gahNAHrohn lah bahTAHyah)

the battle of Maipú la batalla de Maipú (lah bahTAHyah deh mayPOO)

The rebels won the battle of Maipú.Los rebeldes ganaron la batalla de Maipú. (lohs rrehBEHLdehs gahNAHrohn lahbahTAHyah deh mayPOO)

Who lost the battle? ¿Quién perdió la batalla? (kyehn pehrDTHYOH lah bahTAHyah)

Mexico didn't lose the battle. They won it!México no perdió la batalla. ¡La ganó! (MEHheekoh noh pehrDTHYOH lahbahTAHyah lah gahNOH)

declared war declaró la guerra (dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

Who declared war? ¿Quién declaró la guerra? (kyehn dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

What country declared war? ¿Qué país declaró la guerra? (keh pahEES dehklahROH lah GEHrrah)

to declare peace declarar la paz (dehklahRAHR lah pahs)

Who declared peace? ¿Quién declaró la paz? (kyehn dehklahROH lah pahs)

When did they declare peace? ¿Cuándo declararon la paz? (KWAHNdoh dehklahRAHrohn lah pahs)



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to declare independence declarar la independencia (dehklahRAHR lah eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

declared independence declaró la independencia (dehklahROH lah eendehpehnDEHNsyah)

Argentina declared independence in 1816.

Argentina declaró la independencia en1816. (ahrhehnTEEnah dehklahROH laheendehpehnDEHNsyah ehn meelohchohSYEHNtohs dyehseeSEYS)

Venezuela declared independence from Spain in1811.

Venezuela declaró la independencia deEspaña en 1811. (behnehSWEHlah dehklahROH laheendehpehnDEHNsyah deh ehsPAHnyah ehnmeel ohchohSYEHNtohs OHNseh)

A lot of terrible things happened.Pasaron muchas cosas terribles. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs)

a lot of terrible things muchas cosas terribles (MOOchahs KOHsahs tehRREEblehs)

Not a lot of things happened. No pasaron muchas cosas. (noh pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahs)

during the revolution durante la revolución (dooRAHNteh lah rrebohlooSYON)

What happened during the revolution?¿Qué pasó durante la revolución? (keh pahSOH dooRAHNteh lahrrebohlooSYON)

A lot of terrible things happened during therevolution.

Pasaron muchas cosas terribles durante larevolución. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahstehRREEblehs dooRAHNteh lahrrebohlooSYON)

Something wonderful happened! ¡Pasó algo maravilloso! (pahSOH AHLgoh mahrahbeeYOHsoh)

a lot of wonderful things muchas cosas maravillosas (MOOchahs KOHsahs mahrahbeeYOHsahs)

A lot of wonderful things happened after that.Pasaron muchas cosas maravillosasdespués de eso. (pahSAHrohn MOOchahs KOHsahsmahrahbeeYOHsahs dehsPWEHS deh EHsoh)

Why are you sad, María? ¿Por qué estás triste María? (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh mahREEah)



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I'm very sad because I just got bad news.Estoy muy triste porque acabo de recibirmalas noticias. (ehsTOY mwee TREESteh POHRkeh ahKAHbohdeh rrehseeBEER MAHlahs nohTEEsyahs)

What happened? ¿Qué pasó? (keh pahSOH)

My best friend is going to move!¡Mi mejor amiga se va a mudar! (mee mehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ahmooDTHAHR)

I know how you feel. Sé cómo te sientes. (seh KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)


A mi me pasó lo mismo con mi mejoramigo. (ah mee meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh kohnmee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

Do you want to talk about it? ¿Quieres hablar sobre eso? (KYEHrehs ahBLAHR SOHbreh EHsoh)

Why are you sad? ¿Por qué estás triste? (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh)

I'm very sad. Estoy muy triste. (ehsTOY mwee TREESteh)

I'm very happy! ¡Estoy muy feliz! (ehsTOY mwee fehLEES)

Why are you so happy? ¿Por qué estás tan feliz? (pohr keh ehsTAHS tahn fehLEES)

Why are you so excited?¿Por qué estás tan emocionada? (pohr keh ehsTAHS tahnehmohsyohNAHdthah)

Why are you laughing? (Why do you laugh?)

¿Por qué te ríes? (pohr keh teh RREEehs)

What are you laughing at? (Of what do you laugh?)

¿De qué te ríes? (deh keh teh RREEehs)

Why are you crying? ¿Por qué lloras? (pohr keh YOHrahs)

Are you okay? Why are you crying? ¿Estás bien? ¿Por qué lloras? (ehsTAHS byehn pohr keh YOHrahs)



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I just got bad news.Acabo de recibir malas noticias. (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER MAHlahsnohTEEsyahs)

I just got (I just received)

acabo de recibir (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER)

I just got good news!¡Acabo de recibir buenas noticias! (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER BWEHnahsnohTEEsyahs)

I'm going to Mexico! (I'm leaving to Mexico!)

¡Me voy a México! (meh boy ah MEHheekoh)

I just got good news! I'm going to Mexico!¡Acabo de recibir buenas noticias! ¡Me voya México! (ahKAHboh deh rrehseeBEER BWEHnahsnohTEEsyahs meh boy ah MEHheekoh)

I just found out! ¡Acabo de enterarme! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh)

I just found out about the good news!¡Acabo de enterarme de las buenasnoticias! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh deh lahsBWEHnahs nohTEEsyahs)

to move to another country mudarse a otro país (mooDTHAHRseh ah OHtroh pahEES)

is going to move se va a mudar (seh bah ah mooDTHAHR)

She is going to move to another country.Ella se va a mudar a otro país. (EHyah seh bah ah mooDTHAHR ah OHtrohpahEES)

My best friend is going to move to anothercountry.

Mi mejor amiga se va a mudar a otro país.(mee mehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ahmooDTHAHR ah OHtroh pahEES)

I just found out that my best friend is going tomove to another country.

Acabo de enterarme que mi mejor amigase va a mudar a otro país. (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh keh meemehHOHR ahMEEgah seh bah ah mooDTHAHRah OHtroh pahEES)

He is coming to live here. Él viene a vivir aquí. (ehl BYEHneh ah beeBEER ahKEE)

My best friend is coming to live here.¡Mi mejor amigo viene a vivir aquí! (mee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh BYEHneh ahbeeBEER ahKEE)



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I just found out that my best friend is coming tolive here.

¡Acabo de enterarme que mi mejor amigoviene a vivir aquí! (ahKAHboh deh ehntehRAHRmeh keh meemehHOHR ahMEEgoh BYEHneh ah beeBEERahKEE)

How do you feel? ¿Cómo te sientes? (KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

I understand how you feel. Entiendo cómo te sientes. (ehnTYEHNdoh KOHmoh teh SYEHNtehs)

Do you feel okay? ¿Te sientes bien? (teh SYEHNtehs byehn)

Do you feel bad? ¿Te sientes mal? (teh SYEHNtehs mahl)

Why do you feel bad? ¿Por qué te sientes mal? (pohr keh teh SYEHNtehs mahl)

Do you feel better? ¿Te sientes mejor? (teh SYEHNtehs mehHOHR)

You will feel better. Te sentirás mejor. (teh sehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)

Let's go out! ¡Vamos a salir! (BAHmohs ah sahLEER)

so you will feel better así te sentirás mejor (ahSEE teh sehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)

Let's go out so you will feel better!¡Vamos a salir así te sentirás mejor! (BAHmohs ah sahLEER ahSEE tehsehnteeRAHS mehHOHR)


Me pasó lo mismo con mi mejor amigo. (meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh kohn meemehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

The same thing happened to me! ¡Me pasó lo mismo! (meh pahSOH loh MEESmoh)

with my best friend con mi mejor amigo (kohn mee mehHOHR ahMEEgoh)

Did the same thing happen to you? ¿Te pasó lo mismo? (teh pahSOH loh MEESmoh)



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Don't worry! ¡No te preocupes! (noh teh prehohKOOpehs)

Don't worry! The same thing happened to me.¡No te preocupes! A mí me pasó lo mismo.(noh teh prehohKOOpehs ah mee mehpahSOH loh MEESmoh)

I understand. Don't worry! Entiendo. ¡No te preocupes! (ehnTYEHNdoh noh teh prehohKOOpehs)

I understand you. The same thing happened tome.

Te entiendo. A mí me pasó lo mismo. (teh ehnTYEHNdoh ah mee meh pahSOH lohMEESmoh)

Don't feel bad! ¡No te sientas mal! (noh teh SYEHNtahs mahl)

It has happened to me. Me ha pasado. (meh ah pahSAHdthoh)

The same thing has happened to me. Me ha pasado lo mismo. (meh ah pahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)

Don't feel bad! The same thing has happened tome.

¡No te sientas mal! Me ha pasado lomismo. (noh teh SYEHNtahs mahl meh ahpahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)

Has it happened to you? ¿Te ha pasado? (teh ah pahSAHdthoh)

Has the same thing happened to you? ¿Te ha pasado lo mismo? (teh ah pahSAHdthoh loh MEESmoh)

Do you want to tell me what happened? ¿Quieres contarme qué pasó? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh pahSOH)

Do you want to tell me? ¿Quieres contarme? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh)

What happened to you? ¿Qué te pasó? (keh teh pahSOH)

Do you want to tell me what happened to you? ¿Quieres contarme qué te pasó? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh teh pahSOH)

What did he say to you? ¿Qué te dijo? (keh teh DEEhoh)



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Do you want to tell me what he said to you? ¿Quieres contarme qué te dijo? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh keh teh DEEhoh)

Do you want to tell me how it happened?¿Quieres contarme cómo ocurrió? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh KOHmohohkooRRYOH)

to talk about it (to talk about that)

hablar sobre eso (ahBLAHR SOHbreh EHsoh)

what happened (the thing that occurred)

lo que pasó (loh keh pahSOH)

Do you want to talk about what happened?¿Quieres hablar sobre lo que pasó? (KYEHrehs ahBLAHR SOHbreh loh kehpahSOH)

Do you want to tell me why you are sad?¿Quieres contarme por qué estás triste? (KYEHrehs kohnTAHRmeh pohr keh ehsTAHSTREESteh)

Don't cry! ¡No llores! (noh YOHrehs)

Why are you sad? Don't cry! ¿Por qué estás triste? ¡No llores! (pohr keh ehsTAHS TREESteh noh YOHrehs)

Don't be sad! ¡No estés triste! (noh ehsTEHS TREESteh)

I want you to be happy. Quiero que estés feliz. (KYEHroh keh ehsTEHS fehLEES)

Don't be sad! (Don't put yourself sad!)

¡No te pongas triste! (noh teh POHNgahs TREESteh)

What university do you go to? ¿A qué universidad vas? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH bahs)

I go to a state university.Voy a una universidad estatal. (boy ah OOnah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHehstahTAHL)

I'm going to graduate next year.Me voy a graduar el próximo año. (meh boy ah grahDWAHR ehl PROHkseemohAHnyoh)

What do you study there? ¿Qué estudias allí? (keh ehsTOOdthyahs ahYEE)



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I study law. Estudio leyes. (ehsTOOdthyoh LEHyehs)

Tomorrow I have to redo a test because I failedthe first one.

Mañana tengo que volver a hacer unexamen porque desaprobé el primero. (mahNYAHnah TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ahahSEHR oon ehKSAHmehn POHRkehdehsahprohBEH ehl preeMEHroh )

Oh! What grade did you get? ¡Uy! ¿Qué nota te sacaste? (wee keh NOHtah teh sahKAHSteh)

I got a five and I need a six to pass.Me saqué un cinco y necesito un seis paraaprobar. (meh sahKEH oon SEENkoh ee nehsehSEEtohoon seys PAHrah ahprohBAHR)

Did you go to a state university?¿Fuiste a una universidad estatal? (FWEESteh ah OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH ehstahTAHL)

Did you go to a state or private university?

¿Fuiste a una universidad estatal oprivada? (FWEESteh ah OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH ehstahTAHL ohpreeBAHdthah)

What university...? (To what university...?)

¿A qué universidad...? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

What university did you go to? ¿A qué universidad fuiste? (ah keh ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH FWEESteh)

What school did you go to? ¿A qué escuela fuiste? (ah keh ehsKWEHlah FWEESteh)

What elementary school did you go to? ¿A qué primaria fuiste? (ah keh preeMAHryah FWEESteh)

to the same school a la misma escuela (ah lah MEESmah ehsKWEHlah)

I went to the same school. Yo fui a la misma escuela. (yoh fwee ah lah MEESmah ehsKWEHlah)

We went to the same school then!¡Entonces fuimos a la misma escuela! (ehnTOHNsehs FWEEmohs ah lah MEESmahehsKWEHlah)

What middle school do you go to? ¿A qué secundaria vas? (ah keh sehkoonDAHryah bahs)



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We went to the same high school.Fuimos a la misma preparatoria. (FWEEmohs ah lah MEESmahprehpahrahTOHryah)

We went to school together. Fuimos juntos a la escuela. (FWEEmohs HOONtohs ah lah ehsKWEHlah)

until I was 15 years old (until the 15 years)

hasta los 15 años (AHStah lohs KEENseh AHnyohs)

We went to middle school together until we were15 years old.

Fuimos juntos a la secundaria hasta los 15años. (FWEEmohs HOONtohs ah lahsehkoonDAHryah AHStah lohs KEENsehAHnyohs)

Where do you study law? ¿Dónde estudias leyes? (DOHNdeh ehsTOOdthyahs LEHyehs)

the National University of Costa Ricala Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (lah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH nahsyohNAHLdeh KOHStah RREEkah)

I study medicine at the National University of LaPlata.

Estudio medicina en la UniversidadNacional de La Plata. (ehsTOOdthyoh mehdtheeSEEnah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH nahsyohNAHL dehlah PLAHtah)

I study architecture at a private university.

Estudio arquitectura en una universidadprivada. (ehsTOOdthyoh ahrkeetehkTOOrah ehnOOnah ooneebehrseeDTHAHDTHpreeBAHdthah)

I study architecture. This is my first year.Estudio arquitectura. Este es mi primeraño. (ehsTOOdthyoh ahrkeetehkTOOrah EHStehehs mee preeMEHR AHnyoh)

Do you study psychology at the NationalUniversity?

¿Estudias psicología en la UniversidadNacional? (ehsTOOdthyahs seekohlohHEEah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH nahsyohNAHL)

I study psychology. This is my last year.Estudio psicología. Este es mi último año. (ehsTOOdthyoh seekohlohHEEah EHSteh ehsmee OOLteemoh AHnyoh)

I did a master's degree in law last year.Hice la maestría en leyes el año pasado. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah ehn LEHyehs ehlAHnyoh pahSAHdthoh)

I did a master's degree. Hice la maestría. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah)

last year el año pasado (ehl AHnyoh pahSAHdthoh)


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I did a master's degree last year.Hice la maestría el año pasado. (EEseh lah mahehsTREEah ehl AHnyohpahSAHdthoh)

master's degree in law maestría en leyes (mahehsTREEah ehn LEHyehs)

I did my doctorate in psychology at a privateuniversity.

Hice mi doctorado en psicología en unauniversidad privada. (EEseh mee dohktohRAHdthoh ehnseekohlohHEEah ehn OOnahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH preeBAHdthah)

When did you do the master's degree inarchitecture?

¿Cuándo hiciste la maestría enarquitectura? (KWAHNdoh eeSEESteh lah mahehsTREEahehn ahrkeetehkTOOrah)

First, I did my master's degree. Primero hice la maestría. (preeMEHroh EEseh lah mahehsTREEah)

First, I did the masters and then the doctorate inpsychology.

Primero hice la maestría y después eldoctorado en psicología. (preeMEHroh EEseh lah mahehsTREEah eedehsPWEHS ehl dohktohRAHdthoh ehnseekohlohHEEah)

I have a master's degree in psychology.Tengo una maestría en psicología. (TEHNgoh OOnah mahehsTREEah ehnseekohlohHEEah)

Do you have a doctorate degree in medicine?¿Tiene un doctorado en medicina? (TYEHneh oon dohktohRAHdthoh ehnmehdtheeSEEnah)

I graduated the previous year.Me gradué el año anterior. (meh grahDTHWEH ehl AHnyohahntehRYOHR)

the previous year el año anterior (ehl AHnyoh ahntehRYOHR)

I graduated last year.Me gradué el año pasado. (meh grahDTHWEH ehl AHnyohpahSAHdthoh)

I graduated as an architect! ¡Me gradué como arquitecto! (meh grahDTHWEH KOHmoh ahrkeeTEHKtoh)

When did you graduate? ¿Cuándo te graduaste? (KWAHNdoh teh grahDTHWAHSteh)

Did you graduate as an engineer?¿Te graduaste como ingeniera? (teh grahDTHWAHSteh KOHmoheenhehNYEHrah)



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Did you graduate the previous year?¿Te graduaste el año anterior? (teh grahDTHWAHSteh ehl AHnyohahntehRYOHR)

I graduate this year! ¡Me gradúo este año! (meh grahDTHOOoh EHSteh AHnyoh)

I haven't graduated yet. (I don't graduate yet.)

Todavía no me gradúo. (tohdthahBEEah noh meh grahDTHOOoh)

I'm going to graduate! ¡Voy a graduarme! (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh)

next year (the year that comes)

el año que viene (ehl AHnyoh keh BYEHneh)

I am going to graduate next year!¡Voy a graduarme el año que viene! (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh ehl AHnyoh kehBYEHneh)

I'm going to graduate as a psychologist.Voy a graduarme como psicóloga. (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh KOHmohseeKOHlohgah)

I'm going to graduate as a psychologist in twoyears.

Voy a graduarme como psicólogo en dosaños. (boy ah grahDWAHRmeh KOHmohseeKOHlohgoh ehn dohs AHnyohs)

I have to hand in an assignment tomorrow.Mañana tengo que entregar una tarea. (mahNYAHnah TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHROOnah tahREHah)

I have to hand in tengo que entregar (TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHR)

to hand in an assignment entregar una tarea (ehntrehGAHR OOnah tahREHah)

Don't you have to do an assignment?¿No tienes que hacer una tarea? (noh TYEHnehs keh ahSEHR OOnahtahREHah)

Don't you have to do an assignment fortomorrow?

¿No tienes que hacer una tarea paramañana? (noh TYEHnehs keh ahSEHR OOnah tahREHahPAHrah mahNYAHnah)

next month el próximo mes (ehl PROHkseemoh mehs)

I have to hand in a paper next month.Tengo que entregar un trabajo el próximomes. (TEHNgoh keh ehntrehGAHR oon trahBAHhohehl PROHkseemoh mehs)



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trabajo de investigación (trahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

I need to hand in a research paper.Necesito entregar un trabajo deinvestigación. (nehsehSEEtoh ehntrehGAHR oontrahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHN)

to hand in a paper to graduateentregar un trabajo para graduarme (ehntrehGAHR oon trahBAHhoh PAHrahgrahDWAHRmeh)

I need to hand in a research paper to graduate.

Necesito entregar un trabajo deinvestigación para graduarme. (nehsehSEEtoh ehntrehGAHR oontrahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHNPAHrah grahDWAHRmeh)

Did you hand in the assignment? ¿Entregaste la tarea? (ehntrehGAHSteh lah tahREHah)

the research paper about medicineel trabajo de investigación sobre medicina(ehl trahBAHhoh deh eenbehsteegahSYOHNSOHbreh mehdtheeSEEnah)

Did you hand in the research paper aboutmedicine?

¿Entregaste el trabajo de investigaciónsobre medicina? (ehntrehGAHSteh ehl trahBAHhoh deheenbehsteegahSYOHN SOHbrehmehdtheeSEEnah)

I passed the last class for my major!¡Aprobé la última materia de la carrera! (ahprohBEH lah OOLteemah mahTEHryah dehlah kahRREHrah)

I passed the class. (I passed the subject.)

Aprobé la materia. (ahprohBEH lah mahTEHryah)

I passed the last class! ¡Aprobé la última materia! (ahprohBEH lah OOLteemah mahTEHryah)

the last class for my major (the last subject of the major)

la última materia de la carrera (lah OOLteemah mahTEHryah deh lahkahRREHrah)

What is your major? ¿Cuál es tu carrera? (kwahl ehs too kahRREHrah)

I passed the test! ¡Aprobé el examen! (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn)

I need a seven. Necesito un siete. (nehsehSEEtoh oon SYEHteh)



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I need a seven to pass the class.Necesito un siete para aprobar la materia.(nehsehSEEtoh oon SYEHteh PAHrahahprohBAHR lah mahTEHryah)

I passed with an eight. Aprobé con ocho. (ahprohBEH kohn OHchoh)

I failed the test! ¡Reprobé el examen! (rrehprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn)

I have to pass the last test.Tengo que aprobar el último examen. (TEHNgoh keh ahprohBAHR ehl OOLteemohehKSAHmehn)

I have to pass the last class for my major tograduate!

¡Tengo que aprobar la última materia dela carrera para graduarme! (TEHNgoh keh ahprohBAHR lah OOLteemahmahTEHryah deh lah kahRREHrah PAHrahgrahDWAHRmeh)

I have to redo the test.Tengo que volver a hacer el examen. (TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah ahSEHR ehlehKSAHmehn)

to redo it volver a hacerlo (bohlBEHR ah ahSEHRloh)

I failed the exam! Now I have to redo it!¡Reprobé el examen! ¡Ahora tengo quevolver a hacerlo! (rrehprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn ahOHrahTEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah ahSEHRloh)

I failed the class! ¡Reprobé la materia! (rrehprohBEH lah mahTEHryah)

to retake volver a tomar (bohlBEHR ah tohMAHR)

I have to retake the class!¡Tengo que volver a tomar la materia! (TEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah tohMAHR lahmahTEHryah)

to retake it volver a tomarlo (bohlBEHR ah tohMAHRloh)

I failed the class and now I have to retake it!¡Reprobé la materia y ahora tengo quevolver a tomarla! (rrehprohBEH lah mahTEHryah ee ahOHrahTEHNgoh keh bohlBEHR ah tohMAHRlah)



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What grade did you get? ¿Qué nota te sacaste? (keh NOHtah teh sahKAHSteh)

What did you get? (What did you take out?)

¿Qué te sacaste? (keh teh sahKAHSteh)

Did you get a good grade? ¿Te sacaste una buena nota? (teh sahKAHSteh OOnah BWEHnah NOHtah)

I passed the exam with a good grade.Aprobé el examen con una buena nota. (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn kohn OOnahBWEHnah NOHtah)

I passed the exam with an excellent grade!¡Aprobé el examen con una notaexcelente! (ahprohBEH ehl ehKSAHmehn kohn OOnahNOHtah ehksehLEHNteh)

I passed! I got a nine. (I passed! I took out a nine.)

¡Aprobé! Me saqué un nueve. (ahprohBEH meh sahKEH oon NWEHbeh)

I got a bad grade! ¡Me saqué una mala nota! (meh sahKEH OOnah MAHlah NOHtah)

Good morning Licenciate Zamora!¡Buenos días licenciado Zamora! (BWEHnohs DEEahs leesehnSYAHdthohsahMOHrah)

Allow me to introduce you to my granddaughter,Abigail.

Le presento a mi nieta, Abigail. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtahahbeeGAYL)

Abigail, what a beautiful name!Abigail, ¡qué nombre tan hermoso! (ahbeeGAYL keh NOHMbreh tahnehrMOHsoh)

It's an uncommon name here in Mexico.Es un nombre poco común aquí en México.(ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkoh kohMOONahKEE ehn MEHheekoh)

What is the origin? ¿Cuál es el origen? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn)

It's uncommon in the United States too.Es poco común en los Estados Unidostambién. (ehs POHkoh kohMOON ehn lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs tahmBYEHN)

It's an Arab name. Es un nombre árabe. (ehs oon NOHMbreh AHrahbeh)



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My daughter named her after a famous actress...Mi hija le puso ese nombre por una actrizfamosa... (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehpohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

because she used to love her movies when shewas a child.

porque le encantaban sus películascuando era niña. (POHRkeh leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soospehLEEkoolahs KWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)

Good afternoon, Professor Silva.Buenas tardes, profesor Silva. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs prohfehSOHRSEELbah)

Good evening, Director. How are you?Buenas noches, Director. ¿Cómo está? (BWEHnahs NOHchehs deerehkTOHRKOHmoh ehsTAH)

Welcome Doctor Gómez. How are you?Bienvenido doctor Gómez ¿Cómo está? (byehnbehNEEdthoh dohkTOHR GOHmehsKOHmoh ehsTAH)

Did you meet my father-in-law? ¿Conociste a mi suegro? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgroh)

Did you meet my mother-in-law? ¿Conociste a mi suegra? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgrah)

Did you meet my cousin? ¿Conociste a mi primo? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee preemo)

Did you meet my cousin? She is studying Spanishhere.

¿Conociste a mi prima? Ella estáestudiando español aquí. (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee PREEmah EHyahehsTAH ehstooDTHYAHNdoh ehspahNYOHLahKEE)

Did you meet my in-laws? ¿Conoció a mis suegros? (kohnohSYOH ah mees SWEHgrohs)

Did you meet my in-laws already? ¿Ya conoció a mis suegros? (yah kohnohSYOH ah mees SWEHgrohs)

to take care of our son cuidar a nuestro hijo (kweeDTHAHR ah NWEHStroh EEhoh)

Did you meet my mother-in-law? She is takingcare of our son today.

¿Conociste a mi suegra? Ella estácuidando a nuestro hijo hoy. (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee SWEHgrah EHyahehsTAH kweeDTHAHNdoh ah NWEHStrohEEhoh oy)



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Did you meet my father-in-law? He's going to takecare of our son this weekend.

¿Conoció a mi suegro? Él va a cuidar anuestro hijo este fin de semana. (kohnohSYOH ah mee SWEHgroh ehl bah ahkweeDTHAHR ah NWEHStroh EEhoh EHStehfeen deh sehMAHnah)

My children are with my mother-in-law.Mis hijos están con mi suegra. (mees EEhohs ehsTAHN kohn meeSWEHgrah)

baby-sitting (taking care of the children)

cuidando a los niños (kweeDTHAHNdoh ah lohs NEEnyohs)

My in-laws are baby-sitting today.Mis suegros están cuidando a los niñoshoy. (mees SWEHgrohs ehsTAHNkweeDTHAHNdoh ah lohs NEEnyohs oy)

We met already. Ya nos conocimos. (yah nohs kohnohSEEmohs)

Yes, we met at the airport.Sí, nos conocimos en el aeropuerto. (see nohs kohnohSEEmohs ehn ehlaerohPWEHRtoh)

Did you meet my roommate?¿Conosiste a mi compañero de cuarto? (kohnohSEEsteh ah mee kohmpahNYEHrohdeh KWAHRtoh)

He is my roommate. We met at the university.

Él es mi compañero de cuarto. Nosconocimos en la universidad. (ehl ehs mee kohmpahNYEHroh dehKWAHRtoh nohs kohnohSEEmohs ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

Allow me to introduce you to my granddaughter. (To you I introduce to my granddaughter.)

Le presento a mi nieta. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtah)

I introduce you to (to you I introduce to)

le presento a (leh prehSEHNtoh ah)

Allow me to introduce you to my grandson,Matías.

Le presento a mi nieto, Matías. (leh prehSEHNtoh ah mee NYEHtohmahTEEahs)

Allow me to introduce you to my nephew, Lucas.Te presento a mi sobrino, Lucas. (teh prehSEHNtoh ah mee sohBREEnohLOOkahs)

Oh, I'm sorry! Didn't I introduce you? ¡Ay, lo siento! ¿No te presenté? (ay loh SYEHNtoh noh teh prehsehnTEH)

Did I introduce you to my niece? ¿Te presenté a mi sobrina? (teh prehsehnTEH ah mee sohBREEnah)



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Didn't I introduce you to my aunt? ¿No te presenté a mi tía? (noh teh prehsehnTEH ah mee TEEah)

I introduce you to Licenciate Maria. (To you I introduce to the Licenciate Maria.)

Les presento a la licenciada María. (lehs prehSEHNtoh ah lah leesehnSYAHdthahmahREEah)

Did I introduce you to Doctor Achával?¿Les presenté al doctor Achával? (lehs prehsehnTEH ahl dohkTOHRahCHAHbahl)

Let me introduce you to... Déjeme presentarle a... (DEHhehmeh prehsehnTAHRleh ah)

Let me introduce you to my roommate.Déjeme presentarle a mi compañero decuarto. (DEHhehmeh prehsehnTAHRleh ah meekohmpahNYEHroh deh KWAHRtoh)

Abigail is an uncommon name here!¡Abigail es un nombre poco común aquí! (ahbeeGAYL ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE)

uncommon name nombre poco común (NOHMbreh POHkoh kohMOON)

That is an uncommon name here.Ese es un nombre poco común aquí. (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE)

Alejandro is a beautiful name!¡Alejandro es un nombre hermoso! (ahlehHAHNdroh ehs oon NOHMbrehehrMOHsoh)

Aixa is a strange name. Aixa es un nombre extraño. (AYshah ehs oon NOHMbreh ehksTRAHnyoh)

Aixa is a strange name. Where is it from?Aixa es un nombre extraño. ¿De dónde es?(AYshah ehs oon NOHMbreh ehksTRAHnyohdeh DOHNdeh ehs)

That's a very common name here in Mexico!¡Ese es un nombre muy común aquí enMéxico! (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh mwee kohMOONahKEE ehn MEHheekoh)

Your middle name is Andrea? Where is it from?¿Tu segundo nombre es Andrea? ¿Dedónde es? (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh ehsahnDREHah deh DOHNdeh ehs)

Nahuel is an indigenous name.Nahuel es un nombre indígena. (nahWEHL ehs oon NOHMbreheenDTHEEhehnah)



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Nahuel is an indigenous name very common herein Argentina.

Nahuel es un nombre indígena muy comúnaquí en Argentina. (nahWEHL ehs oon NOHMbreheenDTHEEhehnah mwee kohMOON ahKEEehn ahrhehnTEEnah)

What is the origin of your name?¿Cuál es el origen de tu nombre? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn deh tooNOHMbreh)

the origin of your name el origen de tu nombre (ehl ohREEhehn deh too NOHMbreh)

What is the origin of your last name?¿Cuál es el origen de tu apellido? (kwahl ehs ehl ohREEhehn deh tooahpehYEEdthoh)

It must be of Arab origin. Debe ser de origen árabe. (DEHbeh sehr deh ohREEhehn AHrahbeh)

His last name must be of European origin.Su apellido debe ser de origen europeo. (soo ahpehYEEdthoh DEHbeh sehr dehohREEhehn ehwrohPEHoh)

Is your last name of European origin?¿Tu apellido es de origen europeo? (too ahpehYEEdthoh ehs deh ohREEhehnehwrohPEHoh)

your middle name tu segundo nombre (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh)

Is your middle name of Greek origin?¿Tu segundo nombre es de origen griego? (too sehGOONdoh NOHMbreh ehs dehohREEhehn GRYEHgoh)

That’s an uncommon name here. What’s itsorigin?

Ese es un nombre poco común aquí. ¿Cuáles su origen? (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh POHkohkohMOON ahKEE kwahl ehs soo ohREEhehn)

Is it of indigenous origin? ¿Es de origen indígena? (ehs deh ohREEhehn eenDTHEEhehnah)

Is it of indigenous origin? How is it pronounced?¿Es de origen indígena? ¿Cómo sepronuncia? (ehs deh ohREEhehn eenDTHEEhehnahKOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)

Can you spell your last name?¿Puedes deletrear tu apellido? (PWEHdthehs dehlehtrehAHR tooahpehYEEdthoh)

How do you spell your name? ¿Cómo deletrea su nombre? (KOHmoh dehlehTREHah soo NOHMbreh)



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How do you spell it? ¿Cómo lo deletreas? (KOHmoh loh dehlehTREHahs )

That's a strange name. How do you spell it?¡Ese es un nombre extraño! ¿Cómo lodeletreas? (EHseh ehs oon NOHMbreh ehksTRAHnyohKOHmoh loh dehlehTREHahs )

Spell it, please. Deletréelo, por favor. (dehlehTREHehloh pohr fahBOHR)

Can you spell it, please?¿Lo puede deletrear, por favor? (loh PWEHdtheh dehlehtrehAHR pohrfahBOHR)

Is it an indigenous name? Can you spell it, please?¿Es un nombre indígena? ¿Lo puededeletrear, por favor? (ehs oon NOHMbreh eenDTHEEhehnah lohPWEHdtheh dehlehtrehAHR pohr fahBOHR)

How is it spelled? ¿Cómo se deletrea? (KOHmoh seh dehlehTREHah)

How is your last name spelled?¿Cómo se deletrea su apellido? (KOHmoh seh dehlehTREHah sooahpehYEEdthoh)

My daughter named her after a famous actress. (My daughter put her that name for a famousactress.)

Mi hija le puso ese nombre por una actrizfamosa. (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehpohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

My daughter put her... Mi hija le puso... (mee EEhah leh POOsoh)

My daughter named her that. (My daughter put her that name.)

Mi hija le puso ese nombre. (mee EEhah leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh)

for a famous actress por una actriz famosa (pohr OOnah ahkTREES fahMOHsah)

She named her after a famous actress. (She put her that name for a famous actress.)

Le puso ese nombre por una actrizfamosa. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohr OOnahahkTREES fahMOHsah)

She named her after an aunt. (She put her that name for an aunt.)

Le puso ese nombre por una tía. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohr OOnahTEEah)

She named him after her godfather.Le puso ese nombre por su padrino. (leh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh pohr soopahDTHREEnoh)



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Why did she name you that? ¿Por qué te puso ese nombre? (pohr keh teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh)

My mom named me that.Mi mamá me puso ese nombre. (mee mahMAH meh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh)

My mom named me after my godmother.Mi mamá me puso ese nombre por mimadrina. (mee mahMAH meh POOsoh EHsehNOHMbreh pohr mee mahDTHREEnah)

Who gave you that name? (Who put you that name?)

¿Quién te puso ese nombre? (kyehn teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh)

My dad named me after his godmother and hisfavorite aunt.

Mi papá me puso ese nombre por sumadrina y su tía favorita. (mee pahPAH meh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbrehpohr soo mahDTHREEnah ee soo TEEahfahbohREEtah)

such a pretty name (so pretty name)

nombre tan bonito (NOHMbreh tahn bohNEEtoh)

Who gave you such a pretty name?¿Quién te puso ese nombre tan bonito? (kyehn teh POOsoh EHseh NOHMbreh tahnbohNEEtoh)

My parents named me Salma. (My parents put me Salma.)

Mis padres me pusieron Salma. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnSAHLmah)

My parents named me after a famous Mexicanactress, Salma Hayek.

Mis padres me pusieron ese nombre poruna actriz mexicana famosa, Salma Hayek.(mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohn EHsehNOHMbreh pohr OOnah ahkTREESmehheeKAHnah fahMOHsah SAHLmahHAHyehk)

My parents named me after my greatgrandfather.

Mis padres me pusieron ese nombre pormi bisabuelo. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohn EHsehNOHMbreh pohr mee beesahBWEHloh)

My great grandfather's name is Diego. Mi bisabuelo se llama Diego. (mee beesahBWEHloh seh YAHmah DYEHgoh)

My parents named me Diego because my greatgrandfather's name is Diego.

Mis padres me pusieron Diego porque mibisabuelo se llama Diego. (mees PAHdthrehs meh pooSYEHrohnDYEHgoh POHRkeh mee beesahBWEHloh sehYAHmah DYEHgoh)

She used to love her movies when she was achild.

Le encantaban sus películas cuando eraniña. (leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soos pehLEEkoolahsKWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)


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She used to love her movies. Le encantaban sus películas. (leh ehnkahnTAHbahn soos pehLEEkoolahs)

when she was a child cuando era niña (KWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)

I remember that actress. Me acuerdo de esa actriz. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsah ahkTREES)

I remember that actress! I used to love hermovies when I was a child!

¡Me acuerdo de esa actriz! ¡Meencantaban sus películas cuando era niña!(meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsah ahkTREESmeh ehnkahnTAHbahn soos pehLEEkoolahsKWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyah)

I remember that singer.Me acuerdo de ese cantante. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehkahnTAHNteh)

when I was in the universitycuando yo estaba en la universidad (KWAHNdoh yoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

I used to listen to his songs when I was in theuniversity.

Yo escuchaba sus canciones cuandoestaba en la universidad. (yoh ehskooCHAHbah soos kahnSYOHnehsKWAHNdoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

all the time todo el tiempo (TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpoh)

I used to listen to his songs all of the time!¡Yo escuchaba sus canciones todo eltiempo! (yoh ehskooCHAHbah soos kahnSYOHnehsTOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpoh)

I used to listen to his songs all of the time when Iwas in the university!

¡Yo escuchaba sus canciones todo eltiempo cuando estaba en la universidad! (yoh ehskooCHAHbah soos kahnSYOHnehsTOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpoh KWAHNdohehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

I remember that singer. I used to listen to hissongs all the time when I was in the university.

Me acuerdo de ese cantante. Yoescuchaba sus canciones todo el tiempocuando estaba en la universidad. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehkahnTAHNteh yoh ehskooCHAHbah sooskahnSYOHnehs TOHdthoh ehl TYEHMpohKWAHNdoh ehsTAHbah ehn lahooneebehrseeDTHAHDTH)

That singer used to sing my favorite song.Ese cantante cantaba mi canción favorita. (EHseh kahnTAHNteh kahnTAHbah meekahnSYOHN fahbohREEtah)



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I remember that T.V. host.Me acuerdo de ese presentador. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehprehsehntahDTHOHR)

I used to watch his show. Yo miraba su programa. (yoh meeRAHbah soo prohGRAHmah)

I remember that T.V. host! I used to watch hisshow when I was a child.

¡Me acuerdo de ese presentador! Yomiraba su programa cuando era niño. (meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh EHsehprehsehntahDTHOHR yoh meeRAHbah sooprohGRAHmah KWAHNdoh EHrah NEEnyoh)

I'm starving! What can I eat?¡Me muero de hambre! ¿Qué puedocomer? (meh MWEHroh deh AHMbreh kehPWEHdthoh kohMEHR)

What are you in the mood for? ¿Qué se te antoja? (keh seh teh ahnTOHhah)

Do you have something sweet? ¿Tienes algo dulce? (TYEHnehs AHLgoh DOOLseh)

Yes, do you want to try these chocolate cookies?Sí, ¿quieres probar estas galletas dechocolate? (see KYEHrehs prohBAHR EHStahsgahYEHtahs deh chohkohLAHteh)

Mmm...they look tasty! Mmm...¡se ven sabrosas! (mmm seh behn sahBROHsahs)

I baked them this morning. Las horneé esta mañana. (lahs ohrnehEH EHStah mahNYAHnah)

No, thanks. I have to lose three kilos.No, gracias. Tengo que adelgazar treskilos. (noh GRAHsyahs TEHNgoh kehahdehlgahSAHR trehs KEElohs )

And the doctor doesn't allow me to eat chocolate!¡Y el doctor me prohibió comer chocolate! (ee ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRchohkohLAHteh)

Try these, then. They contain less fat and they aremade with oatmeal.

Prueba estas, entonces. Contienen menosgrasa y están hechas con avena. (PRWEHbah EHStahs ehnTOHNsehskohnTYEHnehn MEHnohs GRAHsah eeehsTAHN EHchahs kohn ahBEHnah)

I'm starving! (I die of hunger!)

¡Me muero de hambre! (meh MWEHroh deh AHMbreh)

you can give me me puedes dar (meh PWEHdthehs dahr)



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Can you give me something to eat?¿Me puedes dar algo para comer? (meh PWEHdthehs dahr AHLgoh PAHrahkohMEHR)

I'm hungry! Can you give me something to eat,please?

¡Tengo hambre! ¿Me puedes dar algo paracomer, por favor? (TEHNgoh AHMbreh meh PWEHdthehs dahrAHLgoh PAHrah kohMEHR pohr fahBOHR)

I'm dying of thirst! (I die of thirst!)

¡Me muero de sed! (meh MWEHroh deh sehdth)

I'm dying of thirst! Do you have water?¡Me muero de sed! ¿Tienes agua? (meh MWEHroh deh sehdth TYEHnehsAHwah)

Are you thirsty? Do you want something to drink?¿Tienes sed? ¿Quieres algo para tomar? (TYEHnehs sehdth KYEHrehs AHLgoh PAHrahtohMAHR)

I don't want dessert. I'm full! No quiero postre. ¡Estoy llena! (noh KYEHroh POHStreh ehsTOY YEHnah)

I'm still hungry. (I have more hunger.)

Tengo más hambre. (TEHNgoh mahs AHMbreh)

Are you still hungry or are you full already?¿Tienes más hambre o ya estás llena? (TYEHnehs mahs AHMbreh oh yah ehsTAHSYEHnah)

I'll pass. I'm full. Thanks! Paso. Estoy lleno. ¡Gracias! (PAHsoh ehsTOY YEHnoh GRAHsyahs)

What are you craving to eat? ¿Qué se te antoja comer? (keh seh teh ahnTOHhah kohMEHR)

Are you craving something to drink? ¿Se te antoja tomar algo? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR AHLgoh)

orange juice jugo de naranja (HOOgoh deh nahRAHNhah)

Are you craving orange juice to drink?¿Se te antoja tomar jugo de naranja? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR HOOgoh dehnahRAHNhah)

Are you craving orange juice to drink or do youprefer water?

¿Se te antoja tomar jugo de naranja oprefieres agua? (seh teh ahnTOHhah tohMAHR HOOgoh dehnahRAHNhah oh prehFYEHrehs AHwah)



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I'm dying for... Me muero por... (meh MWEHroh pohr)

chocolate ice cream helado de chocolate (ehLAHdthoh deh chohkohLAHteh)

I'm dying for a chocolate ice cream!¡Me muero por un helado de chocolate! (meh MWEHroh pohr oon ehLAHdthoh dehchohkohLAHteh)

What do you feel like eating? ¿Qué tienes ganas de comer? (keh TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHR)

to eat for dessert (to eat of dessert)

comer de postre (kohMEHR deh POHStreh)

What do you feel like eating for dessert?¿Qué tienes ganas de comer de postre? (keh TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHR dehPOHStreh)

Do you feel like eating pizza? ¿Tienes ganas de comer pizza? (TYEHnehs GAHnahs deh kohMEHR PEETsah)

I feel like eating something spicy.Tengo ganas de comer algo picante. (TEHNgoh GAHnahs deh kohMEHR AHLgohpeeKAHNteh)

I'm craving something to eat.Se me antoja algo para comer. (seh meh ahnTOHhah AHLgoh PAHrahkohMEHR)

I'm craving something spicy. Se me antoja algo picante. (seh meh ahnTOHhah AHLgoh peeKAHNteh)

Do you want to try these oatmeal cookies?¿Quieres probar estas galletas de avena? (KYEHrehs prohBAHR EHStahs gahYEHtahsdeh ahBEHnah)

oatmeal cookies galletas de avena (gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)

these oatmeal cookies estas galletas de avena (EHStahs gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)

the oatmeal cookies that you made yesterdaylas galletas de avena que hiciste ayer (lahs gahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah keheeSEESteh ahYEHR)



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I want to try the oatmeal cookies that you madeyesterday!

¡Quiero probar las galletas de avena quehiciste ayer! (KYEHroh prohBAHR lahs gahYEHtahs dehahBEHnah keh eeSEESteh ahYEHR)

Would you like to try them? ¿Te gustaría probarlas? (teh goostahREEah prohBAHRlahs)

Try the cookies. Prueba las galletas. (PRWEHbah lahs gahYEHtahs)

Try these vanilla cookies!¡Prueba estas galletas de vainilla! (PRWEHbah EHStahs gahYEHtahs dehbayNEEyah)

Do you want to try this new flavor?¿Quiere probar este nuevo sabor? (KYEHreh prohBAHR EHSteh NWEHbohsahBOHR)

strawberry flavor sabor a fresa (sahBOHR ah FREHsah)

Do you want to try the new strawberry flavor?¿Quiere probar el nuevo sabor a fresa? (KYEHreh prohBAHR ehl NWEHboh sahBOHRah FREHsah)

Try these new strawberry cookies. They aredelicious!

Prueba estas nuevas galletas de fresa.¡Son ricas! (PRWEHbah EHStahs NWEHbahs gahYEHtahsdeh FREHsah sohn RREEkahs)

They're delicious! Try them! ¡Son ricas! ¡Pruébalas! (sohn RREEkahs PRWEHbahlahs)

You are going to like them. (They are going to be likeable to you.)

Te van a gustar. (teh bahn ah goosTAHR)

You are going to like them a lot! ¡Le van a gustar mucho! (leh bahn ah goosTAHR MOOchoh)

I only have these vanilla cookies. Try them. Youare going to like them!

Sólo tengo estas galletas de vainilla.Pruébalas. ¡Te van a gustar! (SOHloh TEHNgoh EHStahs gahYEHtahs dehbayNEEyah PRWEHbahlahs teh bahn ahgoosTAHR)

She is going to like them. (To her they are going to be likeable.)

A ella le van a gustar. (ah EHyah leh bahn ah goosTAHR)

She is going to like these oatmeal cookies.A ella le van a gustar estas galletas deavena. (ah EHyah leh bahn ah goosTAHR EHStahsgahYEHtahs deh ahBEHnah)



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They are going to like them. Les van a gustar. (lehs bahn ah goosTAHR)

I think that they are going to like them a lot.Creo que les van a gustar mucho. (KREHoh keh lehs bahn ah goosTAHRMOOchoh)

I think that the children are going to like them alot.

Creo que a los niños les van a gustarmucho. (KREHoh keh ah lohs NEEnyohs lehs bahn ahgoosTAHR MOOchoh)

Do you want to try them? You are going to lovethem!

¿Quieres probarlas? ¡Te van a encantar! (KYEHrehs prohBAHRlahs teh bahn ahehnkahnTAHR )

You are going to love the food! ¡Le va a encantar la comida! (leh bah ah ehnkahnTAHR lah kohMEEdthah)

You are going to love them! ¡Les van a encantar! (lehs bahn ah ehnkahnTAHR)

I made this dish without peanuts so that you caneat it.

Hice este plato sin maní para que puedascomerlo. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen mahNEEPAHrah keh PWEHdthahs kohMEHRloh)

I made this dish. Hice este plato. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh)

I made this dish without peanuts. Hice este plato sin maní. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen mahNEE)

so that you can para que puedas (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs)

So that you can eat it. Para que puedas comerlo. (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs kohMEHRloh)

So that you can try it. Para que puedas probarlo. (PAHrah keh PWEHdthahs prohBAHRloh)

I made the cake without butter. Hice el pastel sin mantequilla. (EEseh ehl pahsTEHL seen mahntehKEEyah)

I made the cake without butter so that you can tryit.

Hice el pastel sin mantequilla para quepuedas probarlo. (EEseh ehl pahsTEHL seen mahntehKEEyahPAHrah keh PWEHdthahs prohBAHRloh)



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Did you make it with butter or olive oil?¿Lo hiciste con mantequilla o aceite deoliva? (loh eeSEESteh kohn mahntehKEEyah ohahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

I made it with olive oil. Lo hice con aceite de oliva. (loh EEseh kohn ahSEYteh deh ohLEEbah)

I baked this instead of frying it. Horneé esto en vez de freírlo. (ohrnehEH EHStoh ehn behs deh frehEERloh)

I baked this dish instead of frying it so that youcan eat it.

Horneé este plato en vez de freírlo paraque puedas comerlo. (ohrnehEH EHSteh PLAHtoh ehn behs dehfrehEERloh PAHrah keh PWEHdthahskohMEHRloh)

Did you bake it? ¿Tú la horneaste? (too lah ohrnehAHSteh)

Did you fry it or bake it? ¿La freíste o la horneaste? (lah frehEESteh oh lah ohrnehAHSteh)

I have to lose three kilos.Tengo que adelgazar tres kilos. (TEHNgoh keh ahdthehlgahSAHR trehsKEElohs)

I have to lose weight! ¡Tengo que adelgazar! (TEHNgoh keh ahdthehlgahSAHR)

I have to drop three kilos. Tengo que bajar tres kilos. (TEHNgoh keh bahHAHR trehs KEElohs)

the doctor told me that (the doctor said to me that)

el doctor me dijo que (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh)

The doctor told me that I have to drop three kilos!¡El doctor me dijo que tengo que bajartres kilos! (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh TEHNgohkeh bahHAHR trehs KEElohs)

I must eat less! ¡Debo comer menos! (DEHboh kohMEHR MEHnohs)

if I want to lose weight si quiero adelgazar (see KYEHroh ahdthehlgahSAHR)



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The doctor told me that I must eat less if I want tolose weight.

El doctor me dijo que debo comer menossi quiero adelgazar. (ehl dohkTOHR meh DEEhoh keh DEHbohkohMEHR MEHnohs see KYEHrohahdthehlgahSAHR)

I think that I gained weight. Creo que engordé. (KREHoh keh ehngohrDTHEH)

They don't fit me well anymore! ¡Ya no me quedan bien! (yah noh meh KEHdthahn byehn)

These pants don't fit me well anymore. I think Igained weight.

¡Estos pantalones ya no me quedan bien!Creo que engordé. (EHStohs pahntahLOHnehs yah noh mehKEHdthahn byehn KREHoh kehehngohrDTHEH)

I'm on a diet. Estoy a dieta. (ehsTOY ah DYEHtah)

I'm on a diet because I have to drop five kilos.Estoy a dieta porque tengo que bajarcinco kilos. (ehsTOY ah DYEHtah POHRkeh TEHNgoh kehbahHAHR SEENkoh KEElohs)

low-fat (low in fats)

bajo en grasas (BAHhoh ehn GRAHsahs)

low-fat diet dieta baja en grasas (DYEHtah BAHhah ehn GRAHsahs)

I'm on a low-fat diet. (I'm doing a diet low in fats.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja en grasas. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs)

I have to drop weight. Tengo que bajar de peso. (TEHNgoh keh bahHAHR deh PEHsoh)

I'm on a low-fat diet because I have to dropweight.

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja en grasasporque tengo que bajar de peso. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs POHRkeh TEHNgohkeh bahHAHR deh PEHsoh)

to watch my weight (to take care of my weight)

cuidar mi peso (kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsoh)

I have to watch my weight. Tengo que cuidar mi peso. (TEHNgoh keh kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsoh)



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I have to watch my weight. I don't want to gainmore weight!

Tengo que cuidar mi peso. ¡No quieroengordar más! (TEHNgoh keh kweeDTHAHR mee PEHsoh nohKYEHroh ehngohrDTHAHR mahs)

to watch my figure cuidar mi figura (kweeDTHAHR mee feeGOOrah)

I'm on a low-fat diet because I want to watch myfigure.

Estoy haciendo una dieta baja en grasasporque quiero cuidar mi figura. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahBAHhah ehn GRAHsahs POHRkeh KYEHrohkweeDTHAHR mee feeGOOrah)

I can't eat that because I'm watching my figure.No puedo comer eso porque estoycuidando mi figura. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR EHsoh POHRkehehsTOY kweeDTHAHNdoh mee feeGOOrah)

I can't eat sweet things because I'm diabetic.No puedo comer cosas dulces porque soydiabético. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahsDOOLsehs POHRkeh soy dyahBEHteekoh)

I can't eat sweet things.No puedo comer cosas dulces. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahsDOOLsehs)

a special diet una dieta especial (OOnah DYEHtah ehspehSYAHL)

I'm on a special diet. (I'm doing a special diet.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta especial. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahehspehSYAHL)

I'm on a special diet because I'm diabetic.Estoy haciendo una dieta especial porquesoy diabética. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahehspehSYAHL POHRkeh soy dyahBEHteekah)

I'm diabetic and I need a special diet.Soy diabético y necesito una dietaespecial. (soy dyahBEHteekoh ee nehsehSEEtohOOnah DYEHtah ehspehSYAHL)

I'd like to try the dessert. Me gustaría probar el postre. (meh goostahREEah prohBAHR ehl POHStreh)

I'd like to try the dessert but I'm diabetic and Ican't eat sweet things.

Me gustaría probar el postre pero soydiabético y no puedo comer cosas dulces. (meh goostahREEah prohBAHR ehl POHStrehPEHroh soy dyahBEHteekoh ee nohPWEHdthoh kohMEHR KOHsahs DOOLsehs)

I can't eat dairy. No puedo comer lácteos. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR LAHKteohs)



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I can't eat diary because I'm lactose intolerant.

No puedo comer lácteos porque soyintolerante a la lactosa. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR LAHKteohsPOHRkeh soy eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

It doesn't agree with me. (It does me bad.)

Me hace mal. (meh AHseh mahl)

Milk doesn't agree with me. La leche me hace mal. (lah LEHcheh meh AHseh mahl)

I can't eat cheese because it doesn't agree withme.

No puedo comer queso porque me hacemal. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR KEHsoh POHRkehmeh AHseh mahl)

Cheese doesn't agree with me because I'mlactose intolerant.

El queso me hace mal porque soyintolerante a la lactosa. (ehl KEHsoh meh AHseh mahl POHRkeh soyeentohlehRAHNteh ah lah lahkTOHsah)

Dairy doesn't agree with me. Los lácteos me hacen mal. (lohs LAHKteohs meh AHsehn mahl)

I made it without cheese. Lo hice sin queso. (loh EEseh seen KEHsoh)

I know that you are lactose intolerant.Sé que eres intolerante a la lactosa. (seh keh EHrehs eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

I made it without cheese because I know that youare lactose intolerant.

Lo hice sin queso porque sé que eresintolerante a la lactosa. (loh EEseh seen KEHsoh POHRkeh seh kehEHrehs eentohlehRAHNteh ah lahlahkTOHsah)

I made them without sugar because I know thatyou are diabetic.

Los hice sin azúcar porque sé que eresdiabética. (lohs EEseh seen ahSOOkahr POHRkeh sehkeh EHrehs dyahBEHteekah)

I can't eat peanuts because I'm allergic.No puedo comer maní porque soyalérgica. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR mahNEE POHRkehsoy ahLEHRheekah)

I made the cookies without peanuts because Iknow that you are allergic.

Hice las galletas sin maní porque sé queeres alérgica. (EEseh lahs gahYEHtahs seen mahNEEPOHRkeh seh keh EHrehs ahLEHRheekah)

I'm vegetarian and don't eat meat.Soy vegetariano y no como carne. (soy behhehtahRYAHnoh ee noh KOHmohKAHRneh)



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I made this dish without meat because I know thatyou're vegetarian.

Hice este plato sin carne porque sé queeres vegetariano. (EEseh EHSteh PLAHtoh seen KAHRnehPOHRkeh seh keh EHrehsbehhehtahRYAHnoh)

This pudding contains less fat.Este budín contiene menos grasas. (EHSteh booDTHEEN kohnTYEHneh MEHnohsGRAHsahs)

The pudding contains... El budín contiene... (ehl booDTHEEN kohnTYEHneh)

It contains less fat. Contiene menos grasas. (kohnTYEHneh MEHnohs GRAHsahs)

What does this dish contain? ¿Qué contiene este plato? (keh kohnTYEHneh EHSteh PLAHtoh)

What does this pudding contain? ¿Qué contiene este budín? (keh kohnTYEHneh EHSteh booDTHEEN)

Excuse me. Do these cookies contain oatmeal?Disculpe, ¿estas galletas contienen avena?(deesKOOLpeh EHStahs gahYEHtahskohnTYEHnehn ahBEHnah)

You can eat this pudding. It doesn't contain nuts.Puedes comer este budín. No contienenueces. (PWEHdthehs kohMEHR EHSteh booDTHEENnoh kohnTYEHneh NWEHsehs)

This pudding only contains a little bit of nuts.Este budín sólo contiene un poco denueces. (EHSteh booDTHEEN SOHloh kohnTYEHnehoon POHkoh deh NWEHsehs)

food that contains flour comida que contenga harina (kohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgah ahREEnah)

Thanks but I can't eat food that contains flour.

Gracias pero no puedo comer comida quecontenga harina. (GRAHsyahs PEHroh noh PWEHdthohkohMEHR kohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgahahREEnah)

I can't eat desserts that contain sugar.No puedo comer postres que contenganazúcar. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR POHStrehs kehkohnTEHNgahn ahSOOkahr)

just a little bit of artificial sweetenersólo un poco de edulcorante (SOHloh oon POHkoh dehehdthoolkohRAHNteh)

This dessert doesn't contain sugar, just a little bitof artificial sweetener.

Este postre no contiene azúcar, sólo unpoco de edulcorante. (EHSteh POHStreh noh kohnTYEHnehahSOOkahr SOHloh oon POHkoh dehehdthoolkohRAHNteh)


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I can't eat cookies that contain nuts. I'm allergic!

No puedo comer galletas que contengannueces. ¡Soy alérgico! (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR gahYEHtahs kehkohnTEHNgahn NWEHsehs soyahLEHRheekoh)

Does this dessert contain gluten? ¿Este postre contiene gluten? (EHSteh POHStreh kohnTYEHneh GLOOtehn)

food without gluten comida sin gluten (kohMEEdthah seen GLOOtehn)

I have to eat food without gluten because itdoesn't agree with me.

Tengo que comer comida sin glutenporque me hace mal. (TEHNgoh keh kohMEHR kohMEEdthah seenGLOOtehn POHRkeh meh AHseh mahl)

I'm celiac. I can't eat food that contains gluten.Soy celíaco. No puedo comer comida quecontenga gluten. (soy sehLEEahkoh noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHRkohMEEdthah keh kohnTEHNgah GLOOtehn)

celiac diet (diet for celiacs)

dieta para celíacos (DYEHtah PAHrah sehLEEahkohs)

I'm on a celiac diet. (I'm doing a diet for celiacs.)

Estoy haciendo una dieta para celíacos. (ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnah DYEHtahPAHrah sehLEEahkohs)

I can't eat gluten because I'm on a celiac diet.

No puedo comer gluten porque estoyhaciendo una dieta para celíacos. (noh PWEHdthoh kohMEHR GLOOtehnPOHRkeh ehsTOY ahSYEHNdoh OOnahDYEHtah PAHrah sehLEEahkohs)

The doctor prohibited me from eating salty foodbecause I have high blood pressure.

El doctor me prohibió comer comidasalada porque tengo presión alta. (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRkohMEEdthah sahLAHdthah POHRkehTEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

The doctor prohibited me from eating! ¡El doctor me prohibió comer! (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHR)

The doctor prohibited me from eating salty food.El doctor me prohibió comer comidasalada. (ehl dohkTOHR meh proeeBYOH kohMEHRkohMEEdthah sahLAHdthah)

Because I have high blood pressure. Porque tengo presión alta. (POHRkeh TEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

It isn't good for me. (It doesn't do me well.)

No me hace bien. (noh meh AHseh byehn)



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English SpanishSalt isn't good for me. (The salt doesn't do me well. )

La sal no me hace bien. (lah sahl noh meh AHseh byehn)

Salt isn't good for me because I have high bloodpressure.

La sal no me hace bien porque tengopresión alta. (lah sahl noh meh AHseh byehn POHRkehTEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

I must avoid eating a lot of sugar.Debo evitar comer mucha azúcar. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR kohMEHR MOOchahahSOOkahr)

I must avoid eating a lot of sugar because itdoesn't agree with me.

Debo evitar comer mucha azúcar porqueme hace mal. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR kohMEHR MOOchahahSOOkahr POHRkeh meh AHseh mahl)

(blood) pressure problems problemas de presión (prohBLEHmahs deh prehSYOHN)

I have blood pressure problems. Tengo problemas de presión. (TEHNgoh prohBLEHmahs deh prehSYOHN)

I must avoid salty food because I have bloodpressure problems.

Debo evitar las comidas saladas porquetengo problemas de presión. (DEHboh ehbeeTAHR lahs kohMEEdthahssahLAHdthahs POHRkeh TEHNgohprohBLEHmahs deh prehSYOHN)

he advised me él me aconsejó (ehl meh ahkohnsehHOH)

He advised me not to use salt in my food.Me aconsejó no usar sal en mis comidas. (meh ahkohnsehHOH noh ooSAHR sahl ehnmees kohMEEdthahs)

The doctor advised me not to use salt in my foodbecause I have high blood pressure.

El doctor me aconsejó no usar sal en miscomidas porque tengo presión alta. (ehl dohkTOHR meh ahkohnsehHOH nohooSAHR sahl ehn mees kohMEEdthahsPOHRkeh TEHNgoh prehSYOHN AHLtah)

Do you remember Luis? ¿Te acuerdas de Luis? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh lwees)

The man who sold us that rug.El hombre que nos vendió ese tapete. (ehl OHMbreh keh nohs behnDYOH EHsehtahPEHteh)

Mmm...the name doesn't ring a bell. What did helook like?

Mmm...no me suena el nombre. ¿Cómoera? (mmm noh meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbrehKOHmoh EHrah)



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I think he had big brown eyes...Creo que tenía ojos grandes y marrones... (KREHoh keh tehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehsee mahRROHnehs)

...and that ridiculous hair. ...y ese pelo ridículo. (ee EHseh PEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh)

Ridiculous hair? Honey, you'll have to be morespecific.

¿Pelo ridículo? Corazón, tendrás que sermás especifico. (PEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh kohrahSOHNtehnDRAHS keh sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)

A lot of people have ridiculous hair.Muchas personas tienen el pelo ridículo. (MOOchahs pehrSOHnahs TYEHnehn ehlPEHloh rreeDTHEEkooloh)

It was a wig! ¡Era una peluca! (EHrah OOnah pehLOOkah)

A wig? Is that a joke? ¿Una peluca? ¿Es un chiste? (OOnah pehLOOkah? ehs oon CHEESteh?)

No. It's not a joke! No. ¡No es un chiste! (noh noh ehs oon CHEESteh)

Do you mean the salesman that had big browneyes?

¿Te refieres al vendedor que tenía ojosgrandes y marrones? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHR kehtehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehs eemahRROHnehs)

Do you mean the salesman? (You refer to the salesman?)

¿Te refieres al vendedor? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHR)

He had big eyes. Tenía ojos grandes. (tehNEEah OHhohs GRAHNdehs)

big brown eyes (eyes big and brown)

ojos grandes y marrones (OHhohs GRAHNdehs ee mahRROHnehs)

Didn't he have green eyes? ¿No tenía ojos verdes? (noh tehNEEah OHhohs BEHRdthehs)

the salesman with wavy hair (the salesman of wavy hair)

el vendedor de pelo ondulado (ehl behndehDTHOHR deh PEHlohohndooLAHdthoh)

Do you mean the salesman with wavy hair?¿Te refieres al vendedor de peloondulado? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHR dehPEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh)



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Do you mean the salesman with wavy hair? Didn'the have green eyes too?

¿Te refieres al vendedor de peloondulado? ¿No tenía ojos verdes también?(teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl behndehDTHOHR dehPEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh noh tehNEEahOHhohs BEHRdthehs tahmBYEHN)

the man that had el hombre que tenía (ehl OHMbreh keh tehNEEah)

The man that had blue eyes and wavy hair.El hombre que tenía ojos azules y peloondulado. (ehl OHMbreh keh tehNEEah OHhohsahSOOlehs ee PEHloh ohndooLAHdthoh)

I mean the man. (I refer to the man.)

Me refiero al hombre. (meh rrehFYEHroh ahl OHMbreh)

Yes, I mean the man that had green eyes andwavy hair.

Sí, me refiero al hombre que tenía ojosverdes y pelo ondulado. (see meh rrehFYEHroh ahl OHMbreh kehtehNEEah OHhohs BEHRdthehs ee PEHlohohndooLAHdthoh)

I mean him. Me refiero a él. (meh rrehFYEHroh ah ehl)

The salesman with straight hair. El vendedor de pelo lacio. (ehl behndehDTHOHR deh PEHloh LAHsyoh)

Do you remember José, the salesman withstraight hair?

¿Te acuerdas de José, el vendedor de pelolacio? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh hohSEH ehlbehndehDTHOHR deh PEHloh LAHsyoh)

She has a mole on her cheek. Tiene un lunar en la mejilla. (TYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lah mehHEEyah)

close to the mouth cerca de la boca (SEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

She has a mole on her cheek, close to her mouth.Tiene un lunar en la mejilla, cerca de laboca. (TYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lah mehHEEyahSEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

The woman that has a mole on her cheek.La mujer que tiene un lunar en la mejilla. (lah mooHEHR keh TYEHneh oon looNAHR ehnlah mehHEEyah)

I mean the woman that has a mole on her cheek,close to her mouth.

Me refiero a la mujer que tiene un lunar enla mejilla, cerca de la boca. (meh rrehFYEHroh ah lah mooHEHR kehTYEHneh oon looNAHR ehn lah mehHEEyahSEHRkah deh lah BOHkah)

Do you know who I mean? ¿Sabes a quién me refiero? (SAHbehs ah kyehn meh rrehFYEHroh)



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I think that I know who you mean!¡Creo que sé a quién te refieres! (KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn tehrrehFYEHrehs)

big ears and small noseorejas grandes y nariz pequeña (ohREHhahs GRAHNdehs ee nahREESpehKEHnyah)

The man with big ears and a small nose?¿El hombre de orejas grandes y narizpequeña? (ehl OHMbreh deh ohREHhahs GRAHNdehsee nahREES pehKEHnyah)

I think that I know who you mean! The man withbig ears and a small nose?

¡Creo que sé a quién te refieres! ¿Alhombre de orejas grandes y narizpequeña? (KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehsahl OHMbreh deh ohREHhahs GRAHNdehs eenahREES pehKEHnyah)

And his huge nose! ¡Y su narizota! (ee soo nahreeSOHtah)

She had itty bitty ears! ¡Tenía unas orejitas! (tehNEEah OOnahs ohrehHEEtahs)

The one who sold us the car. El que nos vendió el carro. (ehl keh nohs behnDYOH ehl KAHrroh)

Do you remember the one who sold us the car?¿Te acuerdas del que nos vendió el carro? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs dehl keh nohsbehnDYOH ehl KAHrroh)

(he) helped us paint the house ((he) helped us to paint the house)

nos ayudó a pintar la casa (nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHR lahKAHsah)

The one who helped us paint the house.La que nos ayudó a pintar la casa. (lah keh nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHR lahKAHsah)

Do you remember the woman who helped us?¿Te acuerdas de la mujer que nos ayudó? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs deh lah mooHEHR kehnohs ahyooDTHOH)

The one with a small mouth. La de boca pequeña. (lah deh BOHkah pehKEHnyah)

The one with a small mouth and that ridiculouswig.

La de boca pequeña y esa peluca ridícula. (lah deh BOHkah pehKEHnyah ee EHsahpehLOOkah rreeDTHEEkoolah)

Who do you mean? (To who do you refer?)

¿A quién te refieres? (ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs)



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Who do you mean? The one with a small mouthand ridiculous wig? (To who do you mean? To the one with small mouthand ridiculous wig?)

¿A quién te refieres? ¿A la de bocapequeña y peluca ridícula? (ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs ah lah dehBOHkah pehKEHnyah ee pehLOOkahrreeDTHEEkoolah)

The one with the horrible beard? ¿El de barba horrible? (ehl deh BAHRbah ohRREEbleh)

Do you mean the one with the horrible beard?¿Te refieres al de barba horrible? (teh rrehFYEHrehs ahl deh BAHRbahohRREEbleh)

Isn't he the one with the ridiculous mustache?¿No es el de bigote ridículo? (noh ehs ehl deh beeGOHtehrreeDTHEEkooloh)

Oh, I think that I know who you mean! Isn't he theone with the ridiculous mustache?

¡Ah, creo que sé a quién te refieres! ¿Noes el de bigote ridículo? (ah KREHoh keh seh ah kyehn tehrrehFYEHrehs noh ehs ehl deh beeGOHtehrreeDTHEEkooloh)

tattoos on his arms and legs (tattoos on the arms and legs)

tatuajes en los brazos y piernas (tahTWAHhehs ehn lohs BRAHsohs eePYEHRnahs)

Do you remember the man who sold us the car,the one with the tattoos on his arms and legs?

¿Te acuerdas del hombre que nos vendióel carro, el de los tatuajes en los brazos ypiernas? (teh ahKWEHRdthahs dehl OHMbreh kehnohs behnDYOH ehl KAHrroh ehl deh lohstahTWAHhehs ehn lohs BRAHsohs eePYEHRnahs)

Oh, right! The one with the tattoos! ¡Ah, cierto! ¡El de los tatuajes! (ah SYEHRtoh ehl deh lohs tahTWAHhehs)

The one who had that weird hairstyle.La que tenía ese peinado raro. (lah keh tehNEEah EHseh peyNAHdthohRRAHroh)

The one who helped us paint the house is the onewho had that weird hairstyle.

La que nos ayudó a pintar la casa es laque tenía ese peinado raro. (lah keh nohs ahyooDTHOH ah peenTAHR lahKAHsah ehs lah keh tehNEEah EHsehpeyNAHdthoh RRAHroh)

Her hairstyle was weird! ¡Su peinado era raro! (soo peyNAHdthoh EHrah RRAHroh)

Yes, I remember her. But her hairstyle wasn'tweird, it was horrible!

Sí la recuerdo. ¡Pero su peinado no erararo, era horrible! (see lah rrehKWEHRdthoh PEHroh soopeyNAHdthoh noh EHrah RRAHroh EHrahohRREEbleh)

The fair-skinned guy who sold us the rug.El güero que nos vendió el tapete. (ehl GWEHroh keh nohs behnDYOH ehl


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The fair-skinned guy who sold us the rug.tahPEHteh)



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No, I mean the fair-skinned girl with green eyeswho helped us find the rug.

No, me refiero a la güera de ojos verdesque nos ayudó a encontrar el tapete. (noh meh rrehFYEHroh ah lah GWEHrah dehOHhohs BEHRdthehs keh nohs ahyooDTHOHah ehnkohnTRAHR ehl tahPEHteh)

How was he dressed? ¿Cómo estaba vestido? (KOHmoh ehsTAHbah behsTEEdthoh)

Was she well dressed? ¿Estaba bien vestida? (ehsTAHbah byehn behsTEEdthah)

She was well dressed and had a beautifulhairstyle.

Estaba bien vestida y tenía un peinadohermoso. (ehsTAHbah byehn behsTEEdthah eetehNEEah oon peyNAHdthoh ehrMOHsoh)

How was his hairstyle? ¿Cómo era su peinado? (KOHmoh EHrah soo peyNAHdthoh)

She was pretty and slender. Era bonita y delgada. (EHrah bohNEEtah ee dehlGAHdthah)

He was handsome, slender, and had blue eyes.Era guapo, delgado y tenía ojos azules. (EHrah GWAHpoh dehlGAHdthoh eetehNEEah OHhohs ahSOOlehs)

Now she is very skinny. Ahora está muy flaca. (ahOHrah ehsTAH mwee FLAHkah)

She was pretty but now she is very skinny.Era bonita pero ahora está muy flaca. (EHrah bohNEEtah PEHroh ahOHrah ehsTAHmwee FLAHkah)

He was very fat and ugly! ¡Era muy gordo y feo! (EHrah mwee GOHRdthoh ee FEHoh)

He was very ugly and had a horrible mustache!¡Era muy feo y tenía un bigote horrible! (EHrah mwee FEHoh ee tehNEEah oonbeeGOHteh ohRREEbleh)

She was fat but now she is much more slender.Estaba gorda pero ahora está mucho másdelgada. (ehsTAHbah GOHRdthah PEHroh ahOHrahehsTAH MOOchoh mahs dehlGAHdthah)

When we met he was fat but now he is much moreslender.

Cuando nos conocimos estaba gordo peroahora está mucho más delgado. (KWAHNdoh nohs kohnohSEEmohsehsTAHbah GOHRdthoh PEHroh ahOHrahehsTAH MOOchoh mahs dehlGAHdthoh)

The name rings a bell, but I'm not sure.Me suena el nombre, pero no estoyseguro. (meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh PEHroh nohehsTOY sehGOOroh)



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The name rings a bell. Me suena el nombre. (meh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh)

I'm not sure. No estoy seguro. (noh ehsTOY sehGOOroh)

Does the name ring a bell? ¿Te suena el nombre? (teh SWEHnah ehl NOHMbreh)

I think so. (I believe that yes.)

Creo que sí. (KREHoh keh see)

I think so but I'm not sure.Creo que sí pero no estoy segura. (KREHoh keh see PEHroh noh ehsTOYsehGOOrah)

No, it doesn't ring a bell. No, no me suena. (noh noh meh SWEHnah)

Does the last name ring a bell? ¿Te suena el apellido? (teh SWEHnah ehl ahpehYEEdthoh)

I don't remember his face. No me acuerdo de su cara. (noh meh ahKWEHRdthoh deh soo KAHrah)

The last name sounds familiar to me.El apellido me suena conocido. (ehl ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh)

The last name sounds familiar to me but I don'tremember his face.

El apellido me suena conocido pero no meacuerdo de su cara. (ehl ahpehYEEdthoh meh SWEHnahkohnohSEEdthoh PEHroh noh mehahKWEHRdthoh deh soo KAHrah)

She seems familiar to me. Me parece conocida. (meh pahREHseh kohnohSEEdthah)

His face seems familiar to me.Su cara me parece conocida. (soo KAHrah meh pahREHsehkohnohSEEdthah)

His face seems familiar to me but his namedoesn't ring a bell.

Su cara me parece conocida pero elnombre no me suena. (soo KAHrah meh pahREHsehkohnohSEEdthah PEHroh ehl NOHMbreh nohmeh SWEHnah)

You'll have to be more specific.Tendrás que ser más específico. (tehnDRAHS keh sehr mahsehspehSEEfeekoh)



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to be more specific ser más específico (sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

Who are you talking about? (Of who do you speak?)

¿De quién hablas? (deh kyehn AHblahs)

Who are you talking about? You'll have to be morespecific!

¿De quién hablas? ¡Tendrás que ser másespecífico! (deh kyehn AHblahs tehnDRAHS keh sehrmahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

Can you be more specific? ¿Puedes ser más específica? (PWEHdthehs sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekah)

I'm not sure who you are talking about. Can yoube more specific?

No estoy seguro de quién hablas. ¿Puedesser más específico? (noh ehsTOY sehGOOroh deh kyehn AHblahsPWEHdthehs sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

a more specific descriptionuna descripción más específica (OOnah dehskreepSYOHN mahsehspehSEEfeekah)

Can you give me a more specific description?¿Me puedes dar una descripción másespecífica? (meh PWEHdthehs dahr OOnahdehskreepSYOHN mahs ehspehSEEfeekah)

It doesn't help me. No me ayuda. (noh meh ahYOOdthah)

Your description doesn't help me.Tu descripción no me ayuda. (too dehskreepSYOHN noh mehahYOOdthah)

Could you be more specific with your description?¿Podrás ser más específico con tudescripción? (pohDTHRAHS sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekohkohn too dehskreepSYOHN)

I don't know who you mean. (I don't know to who you refer.)

No sé a quién te refieres. (noh seh ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehs)

I don't know who you mean. Could you be morespecific with your description?

No sé a quién te refieres. ¿Podrás ser másespecífico con tu descripción? (noh seh ah kyehn teh rrehFYEHrehspohDTHRAHS sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekohkohn too dehskreepSYOHN)

Honey, a lot of people have ridiculous hairstyles!Corazón, ¡muchas personas tienenpeinados ridículos! (kohrahSOHN MOOchahs pehrSOHnahsTYEHnehn peyNAHdthohs rreeDTHEEkoolohs)



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A lot of people have ridiculous hairstyles. Couldyou be more specific?

Muchas personas tienen peinadosridículos. ¿Podrás ser más específico? (MOOchahs pehrSOHnahs TYEHnehnpeyNAHdthohs rreeDTHEEkoolohspohDTHRAHS sehr mahs ehspehSEEfeekoh)

Are you joking or being serious?¿Estás bromeando o hablando en serio? (ehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh oh ahBLAHNdohehn SEHryoh)

Are you being serious? (Are you speaking seriously?)

¿Estás hablando en serio? (ehsTAHS ahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh)

Are you kidding me? ¿Me estás bromeando? (meh ehsTAHS brohmehAHNdoh)

I can believe it. Lo puedo creer. (loh PWEHdthoh krehEHR)

I can't believe it! Are you kidding me?¡No lo puedo creer! ¿Me estásbromeando? (noh loh PWEHdthoh krehEHR meh ehsTAHSbrohmehAHNdoh)

I'm being serious! ¡Estoy hablando en serio! (ehsTOY ahBLAHNdoh ehn SEHryoh)

It's not funny! ¡No es gracioso! (noh ehs grahSYOHsoh)

It doesn't seem funny to me! ¡No me parece gracioso! (noh meh pahREHseh grahSYOHsoh)

Is it a joke? ¿Es un chiste? (es oon CHEESteh)

Is it a joke? It doesn't seem funny to me!¿Es un chiste? ¡No me parece gracioso! (es oon CHEESteh noh meh pahREHsehgrahSYOHsoh)

to make a joke hacer un chiste (ahSEHR oon CHEESteh)

Are you making a joke? (Are you making a joke to me?)

¿Me estás haciendo un chiste? (meh ehsTAHS ahSYEHNdoh oon CHEESteh)

I don't understand the joke! ¡No entiendo el chiste! (noh ehnTYEHNdoh ehl CHEESteh)

It's not a joke! I'm being serious!¡No es un chiste! ¡Estoy hablando enserio! (noh ehs oon CHEESteh ehsTOY ahBLAHNdohehn SEHryoh )



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It's not a jest! ¡No es una broma! (noh ehs OOnah BROHmah)

If it's a jest, it is not funny!¡Si es una broma no es graciosa! (see ehs OOnah BROHmah noh ehsgrahSYOHsah)

That's a bad jest! ¡Esa es una mala broma! (EHsah ehs OOnah MAHlah BROHmah)

Is it true or a joke? ¿Es verdad o un chiste? (ehs behrDTHAHDTH oh oon CHEESteh)

Are you making a joke or is it true?¿Me estás haciendo un chiste o es verdad?(meh ehsTAHS ahSYEHNdoh oon CHEESteh ohehs behrDTHAHDTH)

Are you ready for the party? ¿Estás lista para la fiesta? (ehsTAHS LEEStah PAHrah lah FYEHStah)

I still have to do my hair and makeup.Me falta peinarme y maquillarme. (meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh eemahkeeYAHRmeh)

What are you going to wear? ¿Qué te vas a poner? (keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR)

I have to check what I have. Tengo que fijarme qué tengo. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgoh.)

That blouse is beautiful. Why don't you try it on tosee how it looks on you?

Esa blusa es hermosa. ¿Por qué no te lapruebas para ver cómo se te ve? (EHsah BLOOsah ehs ehrMOHsah pohr kehnoh teh lah PRWEHbahs PAHrah behrKOHmoh seh teh beh)

I'll do it in a second but I have to take a showerbefore I get dressed.

Ahorita lo hago pero tengo que bañarmeantes de vestirme. (aohREEtah loh AHgoh PEHroh TEHNgoh kehbahNYAHRmeh AHNtehs deh behsTEERmeh)

Give me five minutes to get ready.Dame cinco minutos para alistarme. (DAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs PAHrahahleesTAHRmeh)

Give me five minutes. Dame cinco minutos. (DAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs)

I'm not ready yet. Give me five minutes.Todavía no estoy lista. Dame cincominutos. (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOY LEEStahDAHmeh SEENkoh meeNOOtohs)



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I still have to get ready. Give me ten moreminutes!

Todavía tengo que alistarme. ¡Dame diezminutos más! (tohdthahBEEah TEHNgoh kehahleesTAHRmeh DAHmeh dyehsmeeNOOtohs mahs)

Can you get ready by five?¿Puedes alistarte para las cinco? (PWEHdthehs ahleesTAHRteh PAHrah lahsSEENkoh)

I'll pick you up. (I pick you up.)

Te paso a buscar. (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR)

I can pick you up. Can you get ready by eight?

Te puedo pasar a buscar. ¿Puedesalistarte para las ocho? (teh PWEHdthoh pahSAHR ah boosKAHRPWEHdthehs ahleesTAHRteh PAHrah lahsOHchoh)

Are you going to be ready? (Are you going to be prepared?)

¿Vas a estar preparada? (bahs ah ehsTAHR prehpahRAHdthah)

I'll pick you up at seven. Are you going to beready?

Te paso a buscar a las siete. ¿Vas a estarpreparada? (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahs SYEHtehbahs ah ehsTAHR prehpahRAHdthah)

The party starts at eight. La fiesta empieza a las ocho. (lah FYEHStah ehmPYEHsah ah lahs OHchoh)

I'll pick you up at 6:30.Te paso a buscar a las 6:30. (teh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahs seys eeMEHdthyah)

The party starts at seven. I'll pick you up at 6:30.Are you going to be ready?

La fiesta empieza a las siete. Te paso abuscar a las 6:30. ¿Vas a estar preparado?(lah FYEHStah ehmPYEHsah ah lahs SYEHtehteh PAHsoh ah boosKAHR ah lahs seys eeMEHdthyah bahs ah ehsTAHRprehpahRAHdthoh)

I'm not ready for the party yet. What time does itstart?

Todavía no estoy preparada para la fiesta.¿A qué hora empieza? (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOYprehpahRAHdthah PAHrah lah FYEHStah ahkeh OHrah ehmPYEHsah)

I can't believe that you are not ready!¡No puedo creer que no estés preparada! (noh PWEHdthoh krehEHR keh noh ehsTEHSprehpahRAHdthah)

What time will you be ready?¿A qué hora estarás preparada? (ah keh OHrah ehstahRAHSprehpahRAHdthah)

How long do you take to get ready? ¿Cuánto tardas en alistarte? (KWAHNtoh TAHRdthahs ehn ahleesTAHRteh)


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Will you take long to get ready? (Will you take long a lot in getting ready?)

¿Tardarás mucho en alistarte? (tahrdthahRAHS MOOchoh ehnahleesTAHRteh)

How long will you take to get ready?¿Cuánto tardarás en alistarte? (KWAHNtoh tahrdthahRAHS ehnahleesTAHRteh)

I still have to brush my hair. (I'm missing brushing my hair.)

Me falta peinarme. (meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh)

Do you still have to brush your hair? ¿Todavía te falta peinarte? (tohdthahBEEah teh FAHLtah peyNAHRteh)

What do you still have to do? ¿Qué te falta hacer? (keh teh FAHLtah ahSEHR)

Aren't you ready yet? What do you still have todo?

¿Todavía no estás preparada? ¿Qué tefalta hacer? (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTAHSprehpahRAHdthah keh teh FAHLtah ahSEHR)

I brushed my hair already but I still have to put mymake up on.

Ya me peiné pero me falta maquillarme. (yah meh peyNEH PEHroh meh FAHLtahmahkeeYAHRmeh)

I still have to bathe. Me falta bañarme. (meh FAHLtah bahNYAHRmeh)

I'm not ready yet! I still have to bathe!¡No estoy preparada todavía! ¡Me faltabañarme! (noh ehsTOY prehpahRAHdthahtohdthahBEEah meh FAHLtah bahNYAHRmeh)

I showered already. Now I still have to brush myhair and put my make up on.

Ya me duché. Ahora me falta peinarme ymaquillarme. (yah meh dooCHEH ahOHrah meh FAHLtahpeyNAHRmeh ee mahkeeYAHRmeh)

How much longer will it take you? (How much are you missing?)

¿Cuánto te falta? (KWAHNtoh teh FAHLtah)

to brush one's teeth (to brush one's the teeth)

cepillarse los dientes (sehpeeYAHRseh lohs DYEHNtehs)

I still have to brush my teeth.Me falta cepillarme los dientes. (meh FAHLtah sehpeeYAHRmeh lohsDYEHNtehs)

How much do you still have to do till you arefinished? (How much are you missing to finish?)

¿Cuánto te falta para terminar? (KWAHNtoh teh FAHLtah PAHrahtehrmeeNAHR)



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I finished bathing but I still have to brush my hair.Terminé de bañarme pero todavía me faltapeinarme. (tehrmeeNEH deh bahNYAHRmeh PEHrohtohdthahBEEah meh FAHLtah peyNAHRmeh)

Will you be long? (Are you missing a lot?)

¿Te falta mucho? (teh FAHLtah MOOchoh)

I won't be long. No me falta mucho. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh)

I won't be long. I just have to brush my teeth.

No me falta mucho. Sólo tengo quecepillarme los dientes. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh SOHlohTEHNgoh keh sehpeeYAHRmeh lohsDYEHNtehs)

I won't be long! I'm almost done.¡No me falta mucho! Ya casi termino. (noh meh FAHLtah MOOchoh yah KAHseetehrMEEnoh)

I'm not ready yet but I'm almost done.

Todavía no estoy preparado pero ya casitermino. (tohdthahBEEah noh ehsTOYprehpahRAHdthoh PEHroh yah KAHseetehrMEEnoh)

I'm going to get dressed after I bathe.Voy a vestirme después de bañarme. (boy ah behsTEERmeh dehsPWEHS dehbahNYAHRmeh)

I have to get dressed before I brush my hair.Tengo que vestirme antes de peinarme. (TEHNgoh keh behsTEERmeh AHNtehs dehpeyNAHRmeh)

Are you going to wear this necklace? ¿Te vas a poner este collar? (teh bahs ah pohNEHR EHSteh kohYAHR)

you are going to wear (you are going to put on yourself)

te vas a poner (teh bahs ah pohNEHR)

What are you going to wear for the party?¿Qué te vas a poner para la fiesta? (keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR PAHrah lahFYEHStah)

Can you put this necklace on me, please?¿Puedes ponerme este collar, por favor? (PWEHdthehs pohNEHRmeh EHSteh kohYAHRpohr fahBOHR)

I don't know what to wear! (I don't know what to put on me!)

¡No sé qué ponerme! (noh seh keh pohNEHRmeh)

The party is today and you still don't know whatyou are going to wear?

¿La fiesta es hoy y todavía no sabes quéte vas a poner? (lah FYEHStah ehs oy ee tohdthahBEEah nohSAHbehs keh teh bahs ah pohNEHR)



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I will wear this necklace. Me pondré este collar. (meh pohnDREH EHSteh kohYAHR)

I will wear this necklace with these earrings.Me pondré este collar con estos aretes. (meh pohnDREH EHSteh kohYAHR kohnEHStohs ahREHtehs)

It's too short. Es muy corto. (ehs mwee KOHRtoh)

I can't wear this dress! It's too short!No puedo ponerme este vestido. ¡Es muycorto! (noh PWEHdthoh pohNEHRmeh EHStehbehsTEEdthoh ehs mwee KOHRtoh)

They are short on you. (They fit you short.)

Te quedan cortos. (teh KEHdthahn KOHRtohs)

Do you want to wear these pants?¿Quieres ponerte estos pantalones? (KYEHrehs pohNEHRteh EHStohspahntahLOHnehs)

Are you sure that you want to wear these pants?They are short on you!

¿Estás seguro de que quieres ponerteestos pantalones? ¡Te quedan cortos! (ehsTAHS sehGOOroh deh keh KYEHrehspohNEHRteh EHStohs pahntahLOHnehs tehKEHdthahn KOHRtohs)

wedding reception (wedding party)

fiesta de bodas (FYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

white dress for the wedding receptionvestido blanco para la fiesta de bodas (behsTEEdthoh BLAHNkoh PAHrah lahFYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

I can't wear this white dress for the weddingreception!

¡No me puedo poner este vestido blancopara la fiesta de bodas! (noh meh PWEHdthoh pohNEHR EHStehbehsTEEdthoh BLAHNkoh PAHrah lahFYEHStah deh BOHdthahs)

Why don't you try on these sandals?¿Por qué no te pruebas estas sandalias? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahssahnDAHlyahs)

Why don't you try on...? ¿Por qué no te pruebas...? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs)

Why don't you try this shirt on?¿Por qué no te pruebas esta camisa? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahkahMEEsah)

It goes with your pants. (It combines with your pants.)

Combina con tu pantalón. (kohmBEEnah kohn too pahntahLOHN)



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The gold sandals go with your pants and yourshirt.

Las sandalias doradas combinan con tupantalón y tu camisa. (lahs sahnDAHlyahs dohRAHdthahskohmBEEnahn kohn too pahntahLOHN ee tookahMEEsah)

Try these sandals on. They go with your goldpurse.

Pruébate estas sandalias. Combinan contu bolsa de mano dorada. (PRWEHbahteh EHStahs sahnDAHlyahskohmBEEnahn kohn too BOHLsah dehMAHnoh dohRAHdthah)

Try this tie on. Pruébate esta corbata. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kohrBAHtah)

It will go with the black suit. (It will combine with the black suit.)

Combinará con el traje negro. (kohmbeenahRAH kohn ehl TRAHhehNEHgroh)

Try this tie on. I think that it will go with the blacksuit.

Pruébate esta corbata. Creo quecombinará con el traje negro. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kohrBAHtah KREHohkeh kohmbeenahRAH kohn ehl TRAHhehNEHgroh)

the blazer that you have el saco que tienes (ehl SAHkoh keh TYEHnehs)

Try this shirt on. It will go with the blazer that youhave at home.

Pruébate esta camisa. Combinará con elsaco que tienes en casa. (PRWEHbahteh EHStah kahMEEsahkohmbeenahRAH kohn ehl SAHkoh kehTYEHnehs ehn KAHsah)

Do you want to try this blazer on? ¿Quieres probarte este saco? (KYEHrehs prohBAHRteh EHSteh SAHkoh)

That blue blouse brings out your eyes.Esa blusa azul resalta tus ojos. (EHsah BLOOsah ahSOOL rrehSAHLtah toosOHhohs)

That blue blouse brings out... Esa blusa azul resalta... (EHsah BLOOsah ahSOOL rrehSAHLtah)

That dress brings out the color of your hair.Ese vestido resalta el color de tu pelo. (EHseh behsTEEdthoh rrehSAHLtah ehlkohLOHR deh too PEHloh)

It fits you beautifully. Te queda hermoso. (teh KEHdthah ehrMOHsoh)

That dress fits you beautifully and it also bringsout the color of your hair.

Ese vestido te queda hermoso y tambiénresalta el color de tu pelo. (EHseh behsTEEdthoh teh KEHdthahehrMOHsoh ee tahmBYEHN rrehSAHLtah ehlkohLOHR deh too PEHloh)



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Why don't you try this blouse on? It goes with yourpants and it brings out your eyes.

¿Por qué no te pruebas esta blusa?Combina con el pantalón y resalta tusojos. (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStahBLOOsah kohmBEEnah kohn ehlpahntahLOHN ee rrehSAHLtah toos OHhohs)

You look elegant. Te ves elegante. (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh)

You look elegant in that suit! (You look elegant with that suit!)

¡Te ves elegante con ese traje! (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh kohn EHsehTRAHheh)

You look elegant in that suit. Its color brings outyour blue eyes!

Te ves elegante con ese traje. ¡Su colorresalta tus ojos azules! (teh behs ehlehGAHNteh kohn EHsehTRAHheh soo kohLOHR rrehSAHLtah toosOHhohs ahSOOlehs)

It makes you look... Te hace ver... (teh AHseh behr)

It makes you look thinner. Te hace ver más delgada. (teh AHseh behr mahs dehlGAHdthah)

That skirt makes you look thinner.Esa falda te hace ver más delgada. (EHsah FAHLdah teh AHseh behr mahsdehlGAHdthah)

how it fits you cómo te queda (KOHmoh teh KEHdthah)

I love how it fits you! ¡Me encanta cómo te queda! (¡meh ehnKAHNtah KOHmoh teh KEHdthah!)

I love how the flowery skirt fits you! It makes youlook thinner.

¡Me encanta cómo te queda la faldafloreada! Te hace ver más delgada. (¡meh ehnKAHNtah KOHmoh teh KEHdthahlah FAHLdah flohrehAHdthah! teh AHsehbehr mahs dehlGAHdthah.)

The flowery skirt is beautiful and it makes you lookthinner.

La falda floreada es hermosa y te hace vermás delgada. (lah FAHLdah flohrehAHdthah ehsehrMOHsah ee teh AHseh behr mahsdehlGAHdthah)

It looks very nice on you! ¡Se te ve muy bien! (¡seh teh beh mwee byehn!)

Does it look nice on me? ¿Se me ve bien? (seh meh beh byehn)



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How does it look on me? ¿Cómo se me ve? (KOHmoh seh meh beh)

How does it look on you? ¿Cómo se te ve? (KOHmoh seh teh beh)

to see how it looks on you para ver cómo se te ve (PAHrah behr KOHmoh seh teh beh)

Why don't you try this dress on to see how it lookson you?

¿Por qué no te pruebas este vestido paraver cómo se te ve? (pohr keh noh teh PRWEHbahs EHStehbehsTEEdthoh PAHrah behr KOHmoh seh tehbeh)

It looks very nice on you because it brings out thecolor of your eyes!

¡Se te ve muy bien porque resalta el colorde tus ojos! (seh teh beh mwee byehn POHRkehrrehSAHLtah ehl kohLOHR deh toos OHhohs)

That blouse looks very pretty on you!¡Esa blusa se te ve muy bonita! (EHsah BLOOsah seh teh beh mweebohNEEtah)

It seems to me that the other blouse is better.Se me hace que la otra blusa es mejor. (seh meh AHseh keh lah OHtrah BLOOsahehs mehHOHR)

It looked better. Se veía mejor. (seh behEEah mehHOHR)

It looked better on you. Se te veía mejor. (seh teh behEEah mehHOHR)

It seems to me that the other pants looked betteron you.

Se me hace que los otros pantalones se teveían mejor. (seh meh AHseh keh lohs OHtrohspahntahLOHnehs seh teh behEEahnmehHOHR)

I have to check what I have in the closet.Tengo que fijarme qué tengo en elarmario. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgohehn ehl ahrMAHryoh)

I have to check. Tengo que fijarme. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh)

what I have in the closet qué tengo en el armario (keh TEHNgoh ehn ehl ahrMAHryoh)



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Let me check. Déjame fijarme. (DEHhahmeh feeHAHRmeh)

I don't know what to wear. Let me check what Ihave in the closet.

No sé qué ponerme. Déjame fijarme quétengo en el armario. (noh seh keh pohNEHRmeh DEHhahmehfeeHAHRmeh keh TEHNgoh ehn ehlahrMAHryoh )

how to get to the ballroom (how to arrive to the ballroom)

cómo llegar al salón (KOHmoh yehGAHR ahl sahLOHN)

I have to check how to get to the ballroom.Tengo que fijarme cómo llegar al salón. (TEHNgoh keh feeHAHRmeh KOHmohyehGAHR ahl sahLOHN)

Can you check how to get there? (Can you check how to arrive?)

¿Puedes fijarte cómo llegar? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh KOHmohyehGAHR)

Can you check what the address is?¿Puedes fijarte cuál es la dirección? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh kwahl ehs lahdeerehkSYOHN)

the ballroom address la dirección del salón (lah deerehkSYOHN dehl sahLOHN)

Can you check what the ballroom address is?¿Puedes fijarte cuál es la dirección delsalón? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh kwahl ehs lahdeerehkSYOHN dehl sahLOHN)

This is the ballroom address. Can you check howto get there?

Ésta es la dirección del salón. ¿Puedesfijarte cómo llegar? (EHStah ehs lah deerehkSYOHN dehlsahLOHN PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh KOHmohyehGAHR)

Can you check what time the party is?¿Puedes fijarte a qué hora es la fiesta? (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh ah keh OHrah ehslah FYEHStah)

Let me check on the invitation.Déjame fijarme en la invitación. (DEHhahmeh feeHAHRmeh ehn laheenbeetahSYOHN)

Can you check how to get to the ballroom? Theaddress is on the invitation.

¿Puedes fijarte cómo llegar al salón? Ladirección está en la invitación. (PWEHdthehs feeHAHRteh KOHmoh yehGAHRahl sahLOHN lah deerehkSYOHN ehsTAH ehnlah eenbeetahSYOHN)

Did you check well? ¿Te fijaste bien? (teh feeHAHsteh byehn)



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before leaving home antes de salir de casa (AHNtehs deh sahLEER deh KAHsah)

Did you check well before leaving home?¿Te fijaste bien antes de salir de casa? (teh feeHAHsteh byehn AHNtehs dehsahLEER deh KAHsah)

I'll check in a minute. Ahorita me fijo. (aohREEtah meh FEEhoh)

I forgot! I'll check the address in a minute.¡Se me olvidó! Ahorita me fijo la dirección.(seh meh ohlbeeDTHOH aohREEtah mehFEEhoh lah deerehkSYOHN)

I'll do it in a second. Ahorita lo hago. (aohREEtah loh AHgoh)

I'll check how to get to the ballroom in a minute.Ahorita me fijo cómo llegar al salón. (aohREEtah meh FEEhoh KOHmoh yehGAHRahl sahLOHN)

There aren't enough players for Saturday's match.

No hay suficientes jugadores para elpartido del sábado. (noh ay soofeeSYEHNtehshoogahDTHOHrehs PAHrah ehl pahrTEEdthohdehl SAHbahdthoh.)

Would you be interested in joining our soccerteam this Saturday?

¿Estarías interesada en unirte a nuestroequipo de fútbol este sábado? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthah ehnooNEERteh ah NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh dehFOOTbohl EHSteh SAHbahdthoh)

I'd like to but I'm sore from exercising thismorning.

Me gustaría pero estoy dolorida por elejercicio de esta mañana. (meh goostahREEah PEHroh ehsTOYdohlohREEdthah pohr ehl ehhehrSEEsyohdeh EHStah mahNYAHnah)

What kind of workout do you do?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento haces? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtohAHsehs)

I run on the treadmill and lift weights.Corro en la cinta y levanto pesas. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah ee lehBAHNtohPEHsahs)

That does sound exhausting! ¡Eso sí suena cansador! (EHsoh see SWEHnah kahnsahDOHR)

Do you want to join our soccer team?¿Quieres unirte a nuestro equipo defútbol? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah NWEHStrohehKEEpoh deh FOOTbohl)



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Do you want to join? ¿Quieres unirte? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh)

our soccer team nuestro equipo de fútbol (NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh deh FOOTbohl)

Do you want to join us? ¿Quieres unirte a nosotros? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah nohSOHtrohs)

volleyball team equipo de voleibol (ehKEEpoh deh bohleyBOHL)

Do you want to join our volleyball team?¿Quieres unirte a nuestro equipo devoleibol? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah NWEHStrohehKEEpoh deh bohleyBOHL)

Can I join you? ¿Puedo unirme a ustedes? (PWEHdthoh ooNEERmeh ah oosTEHdthehs)

Can I join your team? I want to compete with you.¿Puedo unirme a tu equipo? Quierocompetir con ustedes. (PWEHdthoh ooNEERmeh ah too ehKEEpohKYEHroh kohmpehTEER kohn oosTEHdthehs)

Are you going to compete? ¿Van a competir? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER)

to compete in the basketball championshipcompetir en el campeonato de básquet (kohmpehTEER ehn ehl kahmpeohNAHtohdeh BAHSkeht)

Are you going to compete in the championship?¿Van a competir en el campeonato? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER ehn ehlkahmpeohNAHtoh)

Do you want to join us to compete in thebasketball championship?

¿Quieres unirte a nosotros para competiren el campeonato de básquet? (KYEHrehs ooNEERteh ah nohSOHtrohsPAHrah kohmpehTEER ehn ehlkahmpeohNAHtoh deh BAHSkeht)

interested in competing interesado en competir (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn kohmpehTEER)

Would you be interested in competing on ourteam?

¿Estarías interesado en competir ennuestro equipo? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnkohmpehTEER ehn NWEHStroh ehKEEpoh)



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Would you be interested in joining a team?¿Estarías interesado en unirte a unequipo? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnooNEERteh ah oon ehKEEpoh)

interested in playing interesado en jugar (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn hooGAHR)

Would you be interested in playing with us?¿Estarías interesada en jugar connosotras? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthah ehnhooGAHR kohn nohSOHtrahs)

I need a partner for the match.Necesito una pareja para el partido. (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah pahREHhah PAHrahehl pahrTEEdthoh)

I need a partner. Would you be interested inplaying with me?

Necesito una pareja. ¿Estarías interesadoen jugar conmigo? (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah pahREHhahehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnhooGAHR kohnMEEgoh)

to be my partner ser mi pareja (sehr mee pahREHhah)

interested in being my partnerinteresado en ser mi pareja (eentehrehSAHdthoh ehn sehr meepahREHhah)

Would you be interested in being my partner?¿Estarías interesado en ser mi pareja? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnsehr mee pahREHhah)

Would you be interested in being my partner inthe competition?

¿Estarías interesado en ser mi pareja en lacompetencia? (ehstahREEahs eentehrehSAHdthoh ehnsehr mee pahREHhah ehn lahkohmpehTEHNsyah)

Are you going to compete in the competition?¿Van a competir en la competencia? (bahn ah kohmpehTEER ehn lahkohmpehTEHNsyah)

groups of five grupos de cinco (GROOpohs deh SEENkoh)

We play in groups of five. Jugamos en grupos de cinco. (hooGAHmohs ehn GROOpohs deh SEENkoh)

Do you want to join our group?¿Quieren unirse a nuestro grupo? (KYEHrehn ooNEERseh ah NWEHStrohGROOpoh)



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We play in groups of eleven. Would you beinterested in joining the group?

Jugamos en grupos de once. ¿Estaríaninteresados en unirse al grupo? (hooGAHmohs ehn GROOpohs deh OHNsehehstahREEahn eentehrehSAHdthohs ehnooNEERseh ahl GROOpoh)

We compete in pairs. Competimos en parejas. (kohmpehTEEmohs ehn pahREHhahs)

tennis match partido de tenis (pahrTEEdthoh deh TEHnees)

We compete in pairs. Would you like to be mypartner in the tennis match?

Competimos en parejas. ¿Te gustaría sermi pareja en el partido de tenis? (kohmpehTEEmohs ehn pahREHhahs tehgoostahREEah sehr mee pahREHhah ehn ehlpahrTEEdthoh deh TEHnees)

There aren't any players. No hay jugadores. (noh ay hoogahDTHOHrehs)

Saturday's match (the match of the Saturday)

el partido del sábado (ehl pahrTEEdthoh dehl SAHbahdthoh)

enough players for Saturday's match

suficientes jugadores para el partido delsábado (soofeeSYEHNtehs hoogahDTHOHrehsPAHrah ehl pahrTEEdthoh dehlSAHbahdthoh)

Are there enough players to start the match?¿Hay suficientes jugadores para empezarel partido? (ay soofeeSYEHNtehs hoogahDTHOHrehsPAHrah ehmpehSAHR ehl pahrTEEdthoh)

One player got sick. Se enfermó un jugador. (seh ehnfehrMOH oon hoogahDTHOHR)

One player got sick and now there aren't enoughplayers for the competition!

¡Se enfermó un jugador y ahora no haysuficientes jugadores para lacompetencia! (¡seh ehnfehrMOH oon hoogahDTHOHR eeahOHrah noh ay soofeeSYEHNtehshoogahDTHOHrehs PAHrah lahkohmpehTEHNsyah!)

The referee got sick! ¡Se enfermó el árbitro! (seh ehnfehrMOH ehl AHRbeetroh)

We need to find another one. Necesitamos encontrar otro. (nehsehseeTAHmohs ehnkohnTRAHR OHtroh)

We need two referees and there's only one. Wehave to find another one!

Necesitamos dos árbitros y hay sólo uno.¡Tenemos que encontrar otro! (nehsehseeTAHmohs dohs AHRbeetrohs eeay SOHloh OOnoh. ¡tehNEHmohs kehehnkohnTRAHR OHtroh!)


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We need a coach for the team.Necesitamos un entrenador para elequipo. (nehsehseeTAHmohs oonehntrehnahDTHOHR PAHrah ehl ehKEEpoh)

The coach got sick so we need to find anotherone!

¡El entrenador se enfermó así quenecesitamos encontrar otro! (ehl ehntrehnahDTHOHR seh ehnfehrMOHahSEE keh nehsehseeTAHmohsehnkohnTRAHR OHtroh)

We need one coach more. Would you beinterested?

Necesitamos un entrenador más. ¿Estaríasinteresado? (nehsehseeTAHmohs oonehntrehnahDTHOHR mahs ehstahREEahseentehrehSAHdthoh)

Would you like to be goalie? ¿Te gustaría ser portero? (teh goostahREEah sehr pohrTEHroh)

The goalie broke his leg!¡El portero se fracturó la pierna! (¡ehl pohrTEHroh seh frahktooROH lahPYEHRnah!)

Our goalie broke his hand. Would you beinterested in being our goalie?

Nuestro portero se fracturó la mano.¿Estarías interesado en ser nuestroportero? (NWEHStroh pohrTEHroh seh frahktooROHlah MAHnoh ehstahREEahseentehrehSAHdthoh ehn sehr NWEHStrohpohrTEHroh)

I’d like to but I’m still sore from exercising thismorning.

Me gustaría pero todavía estoy doloridapor el ejercicio de esta mañana. (meh goostahREEah PEHroh tohdthahBEEahehsTOY dohlohREEdthah pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh deh EHStah mahNYAHnah)

I'd like to but I'm sore.Me gustaría pero estoy dolorida. (meh goostahREEah PEHroh ehsTOYdohlohREEdthah)

from exercising (because of the exercise)

por el ejercicio (pohr ehl ehhehrSEEsyoh)

I'm sore from exercising.Estoy dolorida por el ejercicio. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthah pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh)

I'm sore from exercising this morning. (I'm sore because of the exercise of this morning.)

Estoy dolorida por el ejercicio de estamañana. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthah pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh deh EHStah mahNYAHnah)

I'm sore from all the exercise.Estoy dolorido por todo el ejercicio. (ehsTOY dohlohREEdthoh pohr TOHdthoh ehlehhehrSEEsyoh)

Hice ejercicio toda la mañana.


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I exercised all morning.Hice ejercicio toda la mañana. (EEseh ehhehrSEEsyoh TOHdthah lahmahNYAHnah)



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I'm tired because I exercised all evening.Estoy cansado porque hice ejercicio todala tarde. (ehsTOY kahnSAHdthoh POHRkeh EEsehehhehrSEEsyoh TOHdthah lah TAHRdtheh)

I'm too tired to play now. Can we play later?

Estoy muy cansada para jugar ahora.¿Podemos jugar más tarde? (ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah PAHrahhooGAHR ahOHrah pohDTHEHmohs hooGAHRmahs TAHRdtheh)

I'm not tired, just relaxed.No estoy cansada, sólo relajada. (noh ehsTOY kahnSAHdthah SOHlohrrehlaHAHdthah)

I have a cramp. Tengo un calambre. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh)

I have a cramp in my leg.Tengo un calambre en la pierna. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh ehn lahPYEHRnah)

I have a cramp from exercising last night.Tengo un calambre por el ejercicio deanoche. (TEHNgoh oon kahLAHMbreh pohr ehlehhehrSEEsyoh deh ahNOHcheh)

I’d like to exercise with you but I’m cramped.

¡Me gustaría hacer ejercicio contigo peroestoy acalambrado! (meh goostahREEah ahSEHR ehhehrSEEsyohkohnTEEgoh PEHroh ehsTOYahkahlahmBRAHdthoh)

I feel so exhausted! ¡Me siento tan agotado! (meh SYEHNtoh tahn ahgohTAHdthoh)

I'd love to play with you but I feel too exhausted toplay now!

¡Me encantaría jugar con ustedes pero mesiento muy agotado para jugar ahora! (meh ehnkahntahREEah hooGAHR kohnoosTEHdthehs PEHroh meh SYEHNtoh mweeahgohTAHdthoh PAHrah hooGAHR ahOHrah)

kind of workout tipo de entrenamiento (TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

What kind of workout? ¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtoh)

What kind of workout do you need?¿Qué tipo de entrenamiento necesitas? (keh TEEpoh deh ehntrehnahMYEHNtohnehsehSEEtahs)

This is the kind of workout that I need for thecompetition.

Este es el tipo de entrenamiento quenecesito para la competencia. (EHSteh ehs ehl TEEpoh dehehntrehnahMYEHNtoh keh nehsehSEEtohPAHrah lah kohmpehTEHNsyah)


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What kind of exercise do you do? ¿Qué tipo de ejercicio haces? (keh TEEpoh deh ehhehrSEEsyoh AHsehs)

to exercise your legs (in order to exercise the legs)

para ejercitar las piernas (PAHrah ehhehrseeTAHR lahs PYEHRnahs)

What kind of exercise do you prefer to do toexercise your legs?

¿Qué tipo de ejercicio prefieres hacer paraejercitar las piernas? (keh TEEpoh deh ehhehrSEEsyohprehFYEHrehs ahSEHR PAHrahehhehrseeTAHR lahs PYEHRnahs)

What kind of sports do you like?¿Qué tipo de deportes te gustan? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRtehs tehGOOStahn)

What kind of sport can I do to exercise my arms?

¿Qué tipo de deporte puedo hacer paraejercitar los brazos? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRteh PWEHdthohahSEHR PAHrah ehhehrseeTAHR lohsBRAHsohs)

Do you practice any sports? ¿Practicas algún deporte? (prahkTEEkahs ahlGOON dehPOHRteh)

What kind of sport do you practice at school?¿Qué tipo de deporte practicas en laescuela? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRteh prahkTEEkahsehn lah ehsKWEHlah)

What kind of activity did you do yesterday at theclub?

¿Qué tipo de actividad hiciste ayer en elclub? (keh TEEpoh deh ahkteebeeDTHAHDTHeeSEESteh ahYEHR ehn ehl kloob)

What kind of sport do you play at the club?¿Qué tipo de deporte juegas en el club? (keh TEEpoh deh dehPOHRteh HWEHgahsehn ehl kloob)

I run on the treadmill on Mondays andWednesdays at the gym.

Corro en la cinta los lunes y miércoles enel gimnasio. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah lohs LOOnehs eeMYEHRkohlehs ehn ehl heemNAHsyoh)

I run on the treadmill. Corro en la cinta. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah)

I run on the treadmill on Mondays andWednesdays.

Corro en la cinta los lunes y miércoles. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah lohs LOOnehs eeMYEHRkohlehs)

at the gym en el gimnasio (en ehl heemNAHsyoh)



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English Spanish

I ran in the park the day before yesterday. Corrí en el parque anteayer. (kohRREE ehn ehl PAHRkeh ahntyahYEHR)

I workout Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.Entreno los lunes, miércoles y viernes. (ehnTREHnoh lohs LOOnehs MYEHRkohlehsee BYEHRnehs)

almost every day (almost all the days)

casi todos los días (KAHsee TOHdthohs lohs DEEahs)

I workout almost every day.Entreno casi todos los días. (ehnTREHnoh KAHsee TOHdthohs lohsDEEahs)

before working out antes de entrenar (AHNtehs deh ehntrehNAHR)

I ran on the treadmill the day before yesterday,before working out.

Corrí en la cinta anteayer, antes deentrenar. (kohRREE ehn lah SEENtah ahntyahYEHRAHNtehs deh ehntrehNAHR)

I run on the treadmill every other day.Corro en la cinta día por medio. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah DEEah pohrMEHdthyoh)

I'm training to be a soccer player.Estoy entrenando para ser futbolista. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah sehrfootbohLEEStah)

I'm training to be a soccer player so I workoutevery day.

Estoy entrenando para ser futbolista asíque entreno todos los días. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah sehrfootbohLEEStah ahSEE keh ehnTREHnohTOHdthohs lohs DEEahs)

I swim every other day. Nado día por medio. (NAHdthoh DEEah pohr MEHdthyoh)

for an hour por una hora (pohr OOnah OHrah)

I swim for an hour every other day.Nado por una hora día por medio. (NAHdthoh pohr OOnah OHrah DEEah pohrMEHdthyoh)

every three days cada tres días (KAHdthah trehs DEEahs)

I lift weights every three days.Levanto pesas cada tres días. (lehBAHNtoh PEHsahs KAHdthah trehsDEEahs)



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English Spanish

I run on the treadmill every other day and liftweights every three days.

Corro en la cinta día por medio y levantopesas cada tres días. (KOHrroh ehn lah SEENtah DEEah pohrMEHdthyoh ee lehBAHNtoh PEHsahsKAHdthah trehs DEEahs)

I lift 100 kilos. Levanto 100 kilos. (lehBAHNtoh syen KEElohs)

I lift 100 kilos every day at the gym.Levanto 100 kilos todos los días en elgimnasio. (lehBAHNtoh syen KEElohs TOHdthohs lohsDEEahs ehn ehl heemNAHsyoh)

I'm training for the competition so I lift 50 kilosevery day.

Estoy entrenando para la competencia asíque levanto 50 kilos todos los días. (ehsTOY ehntrehNAHNdoh PAHrah lahkohmpehTEHNsyah ahSEE keh lehBAHNtohseenKWEHNtah KEElohs TOHdthohs lohsDEEahs)

I should start doing aerobics.Yo debería empezar a hacer aeróbic. (yoh dehbehREEah ehmpehSAHR ah ahSEHRaehROHbeek)

I do aerobics at the gym. Hago aeróbic en el gimnasio. (AHgoh aehROHbeek ehn ehl heemNAHsyoh)

I'm going to start doing aerobics the day aftertomorrow.

Voy a empezar a hacer aeróbic pasadomañana. (boy ah ehmpehSAHR ah ahSEHRaehROHbeek pahSAHdthoh mahNYAHnah)

I'm going to do aerobics at the gym the day aftertomorrow. Do you want to go?

Voy a hacer aeróbic en el gimnasio pasadomañana. ¿Quieres ir? (boy ah ahSEHR aehROHbeek ehn ehlheemNAHsyoh pahSAHdthoh mahNYAHnahKYEHrehs eer)

That routine does seem exhausting!¡Esa rutina sí parece agotadora! (¡EHsah rrooTEEnah see pahREHsehahgohtahDTHOHrah!)

It does seem exhausting. Sí parece agotador. (see pahREHseh ahgohtahDTHOHR)

I just finished the routine.Acabo de terminar la rutina. (ahKAHboh deh tehrmeeNAHR lahrrooTEEnah)

I just finished the routine. Now I do feel tired.

Acabo de terminar la rutina. Ahora sí mesiento cansado. (ahKAHboh deh tehrmeeNAHR lahrrooTEEnah. ahOHrah see meh SYEHNtohkahnSAHdthoh.)

You do look tired! ¡Sí te ves agotada! (see teh behs ahgohTAHdthah)


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English Spanish

That sport does seem fun to me!¡Ese deporte sí me parece divertido! (EHseh dehPOHRteh see meh pahREHsehdeebehrTEEdthoh)

That does seem difficult! ¡Eso sí parece difícil! (¡EHsoh see pahREHseh deeFEEseel!)

Lifting weights does sound difficult to me!¡Levantar pesas sí me suena difícil! (lehbahnTAHR PEHsahs see meh SWEHnahdeeFEEseel)


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Cultural Notes

Just a note, caliente is used to describe nouns such as hot water, food, etc. For example, La comidaestá caliente (The food is hot). But don't use this adjective to describe feeling hot, as in I'm hot. Usingcaliente in this way actually carries sexual connotations!You may be familiar with the English proverb "Better safe than sorry." In Spanish we say Es mejorprevenir que curar which translates to "It is better to prevent than to cure," meaning that prevention isthe key to avoiding accidents!In many Latin American countries, it is not necessary to have a prescription to purchase medicine. Although the law says that you must have a prescription for drugs beyond common cough and coldmedications, and pain relievers, some governments are not strict about this. It is fairly common to beable to buy antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, birth control, and other drugs over the counter. Sometimesa person may even discuss symptoms with the pharmacist, who will recommend a medication.In Spanish, there's a proverb that says: Una manzana al día del médico te salvaría, which literallytranslates as, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."In many Latin American countries, the medical care system is quite good. Generally speaking you don'tneed a health insurance plan to see a doctor. You can go to public hospitals to receive proper care. Oryou can go to clinicas, which are private hospitals.Isabel Allende of Chile is one of the most famous female Latin American writers. Some of her mostfamous novels include Paula, Zorro, and Eva Luna.Laura Esquivel is a Mexican novelist. One of her best sellers is Como agua para Chocolate (LikeWater for Chocolate). This book is divided into twelve sections, one for each month of the year. Themost curious thing is that each of these sections starts with a Mexican recipe. So, not only will you enjoya nice romantic story, but you will also have fun learning Mexican recipes!Juanes was born in Medellin, Colombia, in 1972 and today he is one of the most famous Colombiansingers, guitarists, and songwriters of all time. He is famous not only for his music but also for hishumanitarian work.Carlos Fuentes is one of Latin America's most known living novelists and essayists. Although he haswritten essays, screenplays, dramas, and short stories, he is best known for novels that use innovativenarrative techniques to illustrate the Mexican history.The conquest of Chile by the Spanish conquerors started in 1540. By 1600, Chile was one of the mostcentralized colonies in Spanish America. In 1810, a number of factors helped Chile proclaim itself anautonomous republic within the Spanish monarchy. But it was not before 1818 that Chile was proclaimedan independent republic.



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Colonia (colony) has an additional meaning in the country of Mexico, where cities are divided into largeneighborhoods called colonias. When asked where you live in Mexico, people generally state theircolonia. La colonia is also part of one's official address in Mexico. For example, Calle San Martín1234, Colonia (abbreviated; Col.) Col: Los Bosques, México D.F., MX. However, in this lesson wewill be using colonia to mean colony.Venezuela, like many other Latin American countries, was a Spanish colony. After a series of uprisingscaused by the discomfort of the population, Venezuela declared independence in 1811. Unfortunately, aseries of events including a devastating earthquake helped bring down this first republic. In 1813, asecond republic was declared. But this second republic wouldn't last long either. Sovereignty was finallyattained in 1821 by Simón Bolívar, a Venezuelan military and political leader.Did you know that Martinique used to be a French colony? Haiti, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Saint Pierreand Miquelon are all French-speaking regions in the Americas.Did you know that the present day countries of Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay formed part ofthe Virreinato del Río de la Plata (Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata)? It was established in 1776. And, it was the last and shortest-lived Viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire.Gran Colombia (Great Colombia) was a republic that lasted from 1819 to 1831. It was comprised of thepresent day countries of Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia.In 1910, the Mexican Revolution led to the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the current politicalsystem of the country.In 1822 in the Battle of Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre defeated the Spanish Royalist Forces, andEcuador gained its independence. Ecuador became a republic in 1830.On July 15, 1821, San Martín proclaimed the independence of Peru and signed the Act of the Declarationof Independence. But it was 58 years later that Spain finally recognized Peruvian independence.La batalla de Maipú was fought between Spain and the South American rebels on April 5, 1818. Therebels, led by José de San Martín, won the battle. This victory led to the independence of Chile fromSpain.Have you ever heard the idiomatic expression "When the going gets tough, the tough get going"? There's a similar expression in Spanish. We say: Al mal tiempo, buena cara. This, more or less,translates as "If the weather is bad, you have to smile"!You may also hear people say colegio to mean "school." Although these two words are usedinterchangeably, there's a slight difference. Generally speaking, escuela refers to a public state fundedschool, while colegio refers to a private school.The educational systems in Latin America differ depending on the country. In Mexico, for example, thebasic education is divided into primary or elementary school (escuela primaria) for ages 6 to 12,secondary or middle school (escuela secundaria) for ages 12 to 15, and high school (preparatoria),from 15 to 18.Preparatorias are not common in all Latin American countries. In some countries, secondary includesmiddle and high school studies. In other countries, like in Mexico, students have to attend high schoolbefore going to the university.



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In some countries, there are two kinds of preparatorias. Students can choose between a regular highschool (for general studies) or a technical one (where they study a specialty). Generally speaking, highschool lasts three years.In some countries, the doctorate is the highest degree in a given field. This is true in Argentina, forexample. There, students have to work in a specific field to produce original contributions which will thenbe presented in a dissertation. The successful defense of the candidate's dissertation entitles him topass the doctorate.There is another university level degree, la Licenciatura, that comes before the master's and doctoratedegrees. However, this degree is given different value depending on the country and does not have anexact equivalent in the US. However, it is most comparable to a Bachelor's degree.Did you know that most of the grading systems in Latin America consist of numbers? Generallyspeaking, the scale goes from 0 (fail) up to 10 (excellent). The passing mark depends on the country andthe kind of education, i.e., basic or higher.Recall that the Licenciatura is the name given to the degree that comes before the master's degree. There is no exact equivalent, but it is comparable to a Bachelor's degree.In Latin America it is very common to address people using their professional degree together with thelast name. Professionals will always expect you to address them in this way!Doctor does not always refer to a medical practitioner. It can also refer to a person who has attained adoctorate degree. Generally in Latin America, you are expected to address someone who has attainedsuch a high degree with this title.In many Latin American countries, most start thinking of a name for their unborn child as soon as theyknow the baby's gender. During pregnancy parents refer to the baby with the name they thought of. However, the names are officially given when the baby is baptized.In Latin America, many people have two given names and in some cases, even three! People may go byeither their first or second name. However, some names like Juan Carlos or María Eugenia areconsidered a single unit, and in this case people will tend to use both names.Did you know that Andrea is a male name in Italy, but it is used as a female name in Latin America?Many names and other words as well in Latin America have their origins in the indigenous languages. You may find that these names have syllable clusters that are difficult to pronounce. Ailén, Irupé (female names), and Nahuel and Newén (masculine names) are some examples ofindigenous names used in Latin America.Many parents in Latin America are allowed to give their children the names they want. However, in somecountries there are restrictions regarding invented, foreign, and even indigenous names. In Argentina forexample, indigenous names were at one time not accepted in the civil name registry. Recently, thispractice has become less strict.



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Because most Latin American countries are predominantly Catholic, godparents are very common andplay an important role in the family. Godparents are considered second parents in the case thatanything were to happen to the birth parents. It is also common for godparents to assist bothemotionally and monetarily in the raising of the child/children even if the birth parents are present.Avena is used to refer to oatmeal but is literally "oats."The vanilla plant is a climbing orchid native to the tropical region of Mexico, though now it is cultivatedoutside of Mexico and Central America. However, in 1520, the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortésintroduced it to Europe, and nowadays it is one of the world's most famous flavors!Although Latinos love meat, you will be able to find a reasonable number of vegetarian restaurants andan interest in vegetarianism throughout Latin America (especially in hot spots and big cities). Justremember that "meat" in Spanish means "red meat" and it doesn't include fish or chicken! Therefore, tryto explain as best you can what your dietary requirements are in order to avoid misunderstandings.Generally speaking, gluten is a type of protein that can be found in foods processed from wheat andother related grains, like barley or rye.Did you know that a great percentage of the human population suffers from gluten allergies? The celiacdisease, also known as gluten intolerance, is one example of this kind of allergy. As a consequence,many foods are now labeled to clarify whether they are libres de gluten or "gluten free."If you are celiac and planning to visit Latin America, you'll likely find it difficult to find "gluten-free" foodoptions on menus at restaurants. However, if you are able to prepare the food by yourself, then you'llfind it easy to buy gluten-free ingredients in most supermarkets.Güero, or the feminine form güera, is a term used frequently in many Latin American countries todescribe a person who has a light complexion. However, keep in mind this may be a different skin tonethan what you may have in mind, because darker skin tones are more common in Latin America. Güero/ güera, or the diminutive forms güerito / güerita, are also common nicknames.Although delgado and flaco may seem to have the same literal meaning, there's a slight difference asfar as the general undertone that the word may carry. In many Latin American countries, flaco has anegative connotation as it denotes someone who is too skinny, or even underweight. Delgado, on theother hand, is more positive in meaning and commonly is understood to mean "slender."In Spanish there's a proverb that says, "El hombre es como el oso: cuanto más feo, máshermoso," which literally translates as, "Man is like a bear, the more ugly, the more lovely," meaningthat the beauty of our physical appearance isn't as important as the beauty of our hearts.In this Chapter we've been talking about hair, hair color, and interestingly enough jokes that are relatedwith them. With that said, there is actually a saying that connects each of these topics in an interestingway. In Spanish, we use the saying Se pasa de castaño oscuro which translates, "It goes beyondchestnut" and means, "It's beyond a joke." Interesting, isn't it?



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Bathtubs are not very common in Latin America. However, even though most people don't havebathtubs in their homes and therefore shower rather than bathe, most people use the word bañarse (tobathe) and not ducharse (to shower)!Generally speaking, in Latin America you don't need to wear formal clothes to go to birthday parties,baby showers, barbecues, etc., unless otherwise stated in the invitation. When attending these partiesyou will most likely be expected to dress down, although "dressing down" is slightly fancier than what wemay be used to in the US. It is also common practice to take something with you; a bottle of wine or asmall gift will do!In some Latin American countries, wearing a white (or even a light colored) dress to a wedding receptionmay be considered out of place because the bride is supposed to be the only one to wear a white gown.It is clear that fútbol is Latin America's favorite sport, so much so that in some Latin American countriesstudents are allowed to watch the games at school during the World Cup! But soccer is not the onlypopular sport. Other sports such as baseball, basketball, football, cycling, and rugby are also verypopular. And it doesn't matter how busy one is, there will always be time to see a match.In addition to voleibol, you will also hear vóleibol (with the accent) in the Cono Sur and volibol inMexico.In Spanish, many sport names are taken from their English equivalents, but are spelled differently. Thisis the case of fútbol, voleibol or vóley, tenis, básquet or básquetbol, etc. So, if you don't knowwhat the Spanish word for a sport is, try to say the English name with a Spanish accent!You will also hear the word antier in Mexico, Central America, and the northern part of South America.


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Grammar Notes

You might have said, *Me quemé mi mano. But, since me quemé already means, "I burned myself,"it is not necessary to say that it was your hand. In Spanish, you simply say "the hand," as in, "I burnedmyself on the hand."You just learned the past tense "I burned myself" (me quemé) and "I broke" (me fracturé). Now applythis pattern to the next slide.Did you get it right? It's easy to form the past tense of reflexive verbs like quemarse. You use thesame pattern as for any other regular verb. Just remember to move the reflexive pronoun (e. g., se, te,or me) to the front of the verb.You may also hear people use the word médico to refer to the doctor. Doctor and médico aresynonyms and can be used interchangeably.You probably recall that we learned the word medicina to refer tomedicine. Medicina and medicamento are synonyms and can be used interchangeably.Did you remember that Spanish uses algo to mean both "something" and "anything"?Author can literally be translated autor. But you could use either autor (author) or escritor (writer) torefer to an author.For this next challenge remember how we changed oír (to hear) to has oído (you have heard) and heoído (I have heard). Ready?!For this next slide assume you are referring to the female author Isabel Allende.Do you remember the rule we learned previously for changing verbs to the present perfect tense, like"have read," "have heard," etc.? All you do is remove the -ar, -er, or -ir verb ending and replace it with -ado (for -ar) and -ido (for -er and -ir). Ready to practice?You already learned how to change salir (to go out) to saliste (you went out) and leer (to read) toleíste (you read). Do you see the pattern? To form the simple past tense for verbs in the "informal"you, all you do is add -ste to the end of the verb. Now you try!Do you recall the the pattern you need to follow to form the past tense of verbs ending in -ir whenreferring to he/ she/ it? Just remember you have to replace the -r with an -ó. Ready?Forming the past tense for verbs ending in -ar is simple. Remember invitar (to invite) became invitó(he / she invited), and acabar (to finish) became acabó (he / she finished). Now apply this pattern tothe next slide.For the next slide, remember we are referring to la canción (the song).Did you get it right? You need to change lo to la since we are referring to the song.For this next challenge, assume you are referring to el libro.In Spanish, you can actually use ¿Le suena? as a question. Therefore, you can say Este es elnombre del cantante. ¿Le suena? (This is the name of the singer. Does it sound familiar to you?)For this next slide, remember that if the subject of the sentence is plural then the verb must also be inthe plural form. Ready?Did you notice that Spanish uses the article el / la before the kind of music?



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In Spanish, just like in English, you can use both "to go" or "to attend" to ask who will go to an event. Actually, you use the same structure, e.g., "to go to the event," even when you use the verb "to attend." So, for this next challenge try using the verb "to attend" with "to the event."You may wonder why we didn't use the accent with sólo when we said un solo país (only one country). It may help you to think of "only one" as also carrying the meaning of "alone." Additionally, "only one" ismodifying a noun: country. This makes it an adjective. Alone is also an adjective. However, "only" is anadverb since it can modify verbs, like, "I only come here occasionally."Do you remember how to say, "happened" (pasó)? Just like in English, ocurrió and pasó can manytimes be used interchangeably. So, you can say either Eso ocurrió hace mucho tiempo or Esopasó hace mucho tiempo.Unlike English, in Spanish the numbers that represent years are read altogether like any other number. Remember this rule to solve the next slide!Although in English when we refer to a country we always refer to it in plural, in Spanish we always refer toit in singular. Keep this in mind when you attempt the next challenge.Did you say *declaró guerra? Remember that in Spanish, articles are used much more frequently thanin English. When in doubt, add the article.Do you recall how we formed robaron (they stole) from robar (to steal) and formaron (they formed)from formar (to form)? Creating the simple past tense in the plural form for verbs ending in -ar is easy! All you do is add -on to the end of the verb. Give it a try!In English, we differentiate between singular and plural with the use of other and another. This differencedoesn't exist in Spanish. Both other and another are translated otro. Makes it easy, right?You may have answered, va a mudarse. This is also correct. Since we changed the form of ir a to vaa and did not change the person of the reflexive verb mudarse, you have the option of either leavingthe personal pronoun se attached to the verb or you can move it to the front of the phrase.Do you remember the phrase Todo lo posible (Everything possible) or literally, "All the thing(s)possible"? Recall how we used the impersonal pronoun lo to represent "the things"? Now, try to solvethe following challenge bearing this in mind.Do you remember how we included the use of a mí (to me), a ella (to her), etc., with the verb gustar inorder to place emphasis on the person (e.g., A mí me gustan los animales, pero a ella no legustan.)? Now use this structure to place emphasis on the person for this next slide. Ready?For this next challenge recall how we changed "to work" (trabajar) to "has worked" (ha trabajado). Ready?Did you remember that for negative commands, like "Don't cry," Do not enter," etc., you have to use thesubjunctive form of the verb? That is why the correct response for the informal form is, No llores andnot *No lloras. Remember, No llore is the formal subjunctive / negative command form.



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You probably said, ¿A qué escuela primaria fuiste? This is also correct. However, primaria impliesescuela primaria and therefore, many times the word escuela is left out.Did you notice that when we speak of studying law in Spanish, we use the plural form?Did you say *primero año? In Spanish when you use primero together with a masculine noun, youneed to drop the "-o." Therefore, you will say primer año.You will also hear people refer to a master's degree as, máster and magíster. These are all synonymsand can be used interchangeably.Did you say ¿No me gradúo todavía? That's also possible. In Spanish you can choose to usetodavía at the beginning or the end of the sentence.Did you say "¡Me voy a graduar!"? That's also correct!You already know how to say "work" in Spanish. This same word is used to refer to school work such asprojects and/or papers.You already know how to form the past tense for the first person singular (informal) of verbs ending in "-ar." Do you remember disfrutar (to enjoy) and disfrutaste (you enjoyed) or escuchar (to listen)and escuchaste (you listened)? Do you see the pattern? All you do is drop the "-r" and add -ste. Now,try it out with the next verb!Remember how we changed aprobar to the past tense form, aprobé? Now, follow the same pattern tosolve the next slide. Ready?!You already learned how to say redo, volver a hacer. Following the same pattern, try your best to solvethe next slide.Recall it is common in Spanish to use good night (Buenas noches) as both a greeting and a farewell. Evening is from approximately 5 pm to 7 pm, and this would be translated as tarde. For this next slideimagine that you are greeting someone after 8 pm.Do you recall how we changed leer to leíste and salir to saliste for the informal "you" in the pasttense? Keep this in mind for the next slide.You have already seen the general rule for creating the feminine form of many kinship terms, such aschanging hermano to hermana, tío to tía, and so on. Suegro is another term that follows this samerule.Recall that to create the plural form of many kinship terms you simply use the plural of the masculineform. Ready?For this next challenge, remember how conseguir became consiguío and llover, llovió, when changedto the past tense in the he/ she/ it form. Also, remember that the he/ she/ it form of the verb is alwaysthe same as the "formal" you. Ready?Hijos can refer either to all male children or a mixed gender group. To refer to a group of all femalechildren you would say, hijas.You may recall that "boy" is also translated as niño. While English has the gender neutral term "child,"you already know that in Spanish, all words have a gender assigned to them. This is why niño can eitherbe "child" or "boy."



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Confused? Yes, both hijos and niños are gender neutral terms used to refer to a group of children. However, hijos is used only to refer to someone's own children, e.g., mis hijos, tus hijos, sus hijos,etc. Niños can be used to refer to both someone in particular's children or to refer to children in general,as in, los niños de la escuela (the children in the school), los niños en esa casa (the children inthat house), etc.Le has multiple uses and meanings in Spanish. However, in the current example, le presento, le isused as the formal indirect object "to you" (formal). For example, we have traerle (to bring to you),mostrarle (to show to you), and le suena (it sounds to you). When the verb that requires the indirectobject has been conjugated to agree with the subject, the pronoun has to be moved. This is why we say,presentarle (to introduce you [formal]), but le presento (I introduce to you [formal]).For this next challenge recall how you learned to form the 1st person past tense of -ar verbs by replacingthe -ar with é: aprobar became aprobé, and reprobar changed to reprobé. Ready?You just learned that "uncommon" is poco común in Spanish. You may remember from Unit One thatpoco means "a little" or "a little bit." Keeping this in mind, try your best to solve the following slide!The word se has many uses in Spanish. So far we have used it as the reflexive ending for verbs for whichthe action is carried out on the subject, for example, llamarse (to call oneself). We have also used it inpassive phrases such as se acepta (is accepted) and se pronuncia (is pronounced). I bet you recall that pronouns in Spanish are gender specific. However, the indirect object le, can meaneither "him," "her," or "it."Following the rule you have already learned for forming the past tense, encantar would change tobecome encantó in the past tense. And this is actually correct, however not in this context. Remember, Spanish uses two simple past tense forms, the preterite and the imperfect. The preteritetense is the form we have practiced the most. We learned that this form is used to refer to actions in thepast that were performed a specific number of times or that are seen as completed, as in Me fracturéel brazo or Hice la maestría el año pasado. The imperfect form, on the other hand, is used to talkabout actions that occurred repeatedly or over a long period of time in the past, like Le encantabansus películas. Keep this in mind as we complete this lesson.Did you remember to change encantaba and su to encantaban and sus in order to agree in numberwith películas?Did you notice that the word cuando is not accented in this phrase? This is because this word is notworking as a question word but rather, as a conjunction, i.e., a word used to connect ideas.The word se has many uses in Spanish. So far we have used it as the reflexive ending for verbs for whichthe action is carried out on the subject, for example, llamarse (to call oneself), as well as the passive seas in se acepta (is accepted), se pronuncia (is pronounced), etc, morirse is neither reflexive norpassive. The use of se with morirse (to die) is actually to intensify the verb. The use of se for thispurpose is optional. Additionally, just like the reflexive se the se used to intensify the verb also changesto agree with the subject of the sentence. For example, me muero (I die), te mueres (you die), semuere (he/ she/ it/ you [formal] die), se mueren (they die), and nos morimos (we die).



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Darme is another example of a pronoun attached to the end of a verb. Remember that when we wantto move the attached pronoun from the end of the verb it will always move to the very front of the verbphrase. The only exception to this is when we use negation which always goes at the beginning of theverb phrase.You already know how to say Tengo hambre (I'm hungry), literally meaning "I have hunger." Now,bearing this in mind, try your best to solve the next slide!Se te antoja can also be used to mean "you are craving." Keep this in mind for the next slide.You may also hear people refer to strawberries as "frutillas."Did you say "sabor de fresa"? You were very close! In Spanish, you have to use the preposition aafter sabor when it is followed by the kind of flavor.In addition to "te van a gustar," you may have also said, "Van a gustarte," which is correct as well. Remember that the attached pronoun (in this case, te) can either remain attached if the verb endingdoesn't change for person, or move to the front of the verb. If you said "*Te van a gustan," rememberthat since ir, the root form of van ([they] go) is changed to agree with the subject, gustar remains in itsoriginal form.Do you remember the strange behavior of the verb gustar? Recall that when we use this verb we arereally saying that something is likable to someone. For example, Te gustan las galletas, literally, "Thecookies are likable to you."Do you recall the formal indirect object pronoun, le? Well, just as there are two ways to say "you" inSpanish (the formal usted and the informal tú), there are also two other ways to say "you" when "you" isthe indirect object of the sentence: the formal le, as in ¿Le puedo mostrar? (Can I show you?), and theinformal, te, as in ¿Te puedo mostrar? We have seen these previously as attached pronouns, butthey can also sometimes detach and move to precede the first verb (in this case, puedo).Plato can mean both plate and dish. Just like in English, it can refer to both the container and/or to thefood that is served on it.Cacahuates is another word for peanuts. It is used mainly in Mexico and some other northern LatinAmerican countries.Did you recognize "so that" (para que) as indicating uncertainty and possibly tentativeness? Remember that these moods require the use of the subjunctive verb form in Spanish. You will always usethe subjunctive form anytime an adverb, like para que, connects two pieces of a sentence. In otherwords, anytime you use a phrase like one of these to combine two parts of a sentence, you will use thesubjunctive. One way to help you remember some of these connecting phrases is the acronymESCAPA: En caso de que (in case), Sin que (without), Con tal que (provided that), Antes de que(before), Para que (so that), and A menos que (unless).Do you remember how to form the past tense for the informal 'you' of verbs ending in -ar? I bet yourecall verbs like disfrutar (to enjoy) and disfrutaste (you enjoyed) or escuchar (to listen)and escuchaste (you listened). Therefore, all you have to do to form the past tense is drop the "-r" andadd "-ste." Now, try applying this rule to the following slide!



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You may recall that we learned bajar means "to go down" and "to get off." You now know that thismultifaceted verb can also mean "to lose weight." However, since this verb can have different meanings,you must always use bajar along with a word referring to "weight" or to a weight measurement in orderto convey this meaning.Did you say *Estoy en una dieta? That was close! In Spanish, some phrases use the preposition a en una in order to express the relation "on" or "on a," in this case. Some examples of this are: "on adiet" (a dieta), "on foot" (a pie), and "to be on time" (llegar a tiempo).Dulce is the word for both the adjective "sweet" and the noun "candy."Did you remember to change hace to hacen in order to agree with the plural noun lácteos?You will frequently hear people say endulzante for "artificial sweetener" as well.You may also hear Tengo la presión alta. However, the meaning of these two sentences is slightlydifferent. If you say Tengo presión alta, without the use of the article la, the sentence indicates thatone has high blood pressure regularly as a health condition. If you use the article la before theexpression presión alta you indicate that you do not generally have high blood pressure, but at thatmoment it is high.Azúcar is a special type of noun because it can be either masculine or feminine. In other words, eithergender is acceptable and you can say, for example, mucho azúcar or mucha azúcar.The verb referirse can be translated both as "to refer" as in "to refer to someone or something" and "tomean." However, in spite of its similarities with its meanings in English, referirse does not mean "torefer someone for a position of employment" in Spanish. Because of this referirse must always befollowed by what the speaker is referring to, or means. For this reason, referirse, must always befollowed by the preposition "to" (a). This is why the correct response to the previous slide is ¿Terefieres al vendedor?, and not *¿Te refieres el vendedor? Keep this in mind as we work throughthis lesson.You may also hear the terms café or castaño used to refer to the color brown.Did you notice the position of the adjectives? Unlike English, in Spanish the adjectives may come after orbefore the noun. Generally though, in Spanish adjectives come after the noun and are linked with theword y (and) between the last two.It is also common to hear people refer to the cheek as cachete.Did you get it right? Recall the phrase, Me quemé la mano (I burned my hand), which literallytranslates as "I burned [myself on] the hand." Since it is already clear that we are referring to a molethat "she" has, it is understood that it is on "her" cheek. Therefore, we simply say, la mejilla (thecheek). It would be redundant in Spanish to say su mejilla.Do you remember how you learned to form diminutives using endings like -ita, -ito, -cita, and -cito, totalk about relative size (in the case of diminutives, a reduced size)? Just like diminutives, there are alsoaugmentative endings, e.g., -ote, -ota that are used to talk about a larger size. For example, if you wereto refer to a big nose, you could say una nariz grande or use the augmentative form, una narizota. For these next few slides try to apply the appropriate diminutive and/or augmentative ending. Ready?



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Depending on the country, you will also hear people use the words coche or auto instead of carro.Did you get it right? Remember we use the verb acordarse de to refer to remembering something orsomeone specifically. Also, recall that when together, the preposition de and the article el will alwaysunite to form del in order to make pronunciation much easier. When we pronounce de el at aconversational pace, it always comes out as del anyway.For this next slide keep in mind that since the verb is modified to agree with the subject of the sentence,you don't actually use the personal pronoun. Ready?Did you answer the previous slide correctly by using era instead of fue? Remember, era is used to referto events in the past that occurred over a period of time, versus only once or a few times in the past.Remember that era is used to refer to the nature of something or things that are more permanent, likephysical traits and characteristics, in the past tense.Did you answer correctly? The use of ahora (now) indicates that we are referring to a state that hasrecently changed, in this case someone's weight, and as such we use está and not es.The phrase me suena was previously taught as meaning "sounds to me" in English. However, now weare using this as the English expression "to ring a bell," in the sense of "to sound familiar."In Spanish, the phrases Me suena (It rings a bell) and Me suena conocido (It sounds familiar to me)are synonymous phrases and are used interchangeably.We previously learned podría as meaning "could," which is the conditional form of poder ("can" or "to beable to"). Podrás is also translated as "could" in English, even though podrás is actually the futuretense of poder. Although both of these have the same translation in English, it is important toremember that when you want to ask someone if they can do something in the future you will usepodrás or podrá (formal), and if you are stating or inquiring about the conditions under whichsomething may happen you will use podrías or podría (formal).You previously learned gente as a way to say "people." Personas is another way to say the same thing,and in terms of their meaning, both personas and gente are generally interchangeable words. However, in terms of number, personas and gente are a bit different, since gente is singular andpersonas is plural. It is important to remember this fact when it comes to making sure that both wordsagree in number with their modifier(s) or verbs.By now, you should be quite familiar with reflexive verbs and it is likely that you recognized alistarse asone of these. Remember that reflexive verbs always use special pronouns, like me, te, se, or nos, thatmatch in person and number with the subject of the sentence.



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You previously learned that listo means ready. Listo (ready) and preparado (literally, "prepared") canboth be used to mean "ready." In fact, in many contexts, listo and preparado are entirelyinterchangeable. The following slides will give you the opportunity to practice with preparado. However,listo or lista could also be used in any one of these slides as well.Just as we can say either seven thirty or half past seven in English, you may also hear people use treinta(thirty) when giving or telling the time in Spanish.¿Cuánto? is commonly called a "quantifier" because it can be used to quantify the amount of a physicalobject, time, distance, etc. Therefore, since this word is so versatile, it doesn't just mean "How much?"but also "How long?" "How far?" and so on. Keep this in mind for the next slide.Just as listo and preparado can be used interchangeably, alistarse and prepararse also work in thissame way. So, you could hear either ¿Cuánto tardas en prepararte? or ¿Cuánto tardas enalistarte? These both have the same meaning.You can also say ¿Tardarás en alistarte? to ask "Will you take long to get ready?" although it is morecommon to hear mucho added for emphasis.While there is a verb, cepillar, which means "to brush," this verb is commonly used to refer to brushingone's teeth. Peinarse (literally, "to comb one's [hair]") is also used to refer to brushing one's hair. So,in this lesson we will use peinarse to mean "to brush one's [hair]."The verb faltar literally means "to be missing." However, you will find that faltar is a very useful verbthat can have many additional meanings depending on the context. For example, in this lesson we willuse faltar to mean "to still have to" as in, "I still have to brush my hair."Do you recall the word todavía ("still" or "yet")? In Spanish, it is not necessary to use this word in thesentences we are practicing in this lesson since "still" is implicit in this particular use of faltar. However,it is common for native speakers to choose to use todavía in addition to faltar for emphasis. This issimilar to how in English, we would raise the tone of our voice on the word "still." Let's try to use todavíain the slides that follow. Ready?The verb hacer in this last slide is actually optional in the sentence. You could also say, ¿Qué tefalta? and it is understood from the context of the conversation that you are asking "What do you stillneed to do?" However, since faltar can have many different meanings depending on the context of aconversation, and if this context is not clear, this same sentence (¿Qué te falta?) could also mean"What else do you need?"



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Reflexive verbs are made up of two parts: the root form of the verb and the personal pronoun (attachedat the end). The personal pronoun will always reflect the subject of the sentence. However the verb itselfonly does this if it is the main verb of the sentence, as in, "Me peiné" (I brushed my hair.) In thisexample the verb is modified to show past tense. When the verb is modified in order to agree with thesubject because it is the main verb of the sentence, the personal pronoun must move to come in front ofthe verb. Therefore, we say me peiné and not *peinéme.Interesting! You already learned to say, ¿Cuánto tardarás? to say "How long will you take?" or "Howlong will you be?" These two phrases can have the same meaning. However, since faltar can also haveadditional meanings, in another context ¿Cuánto te falta? could mean, "How much more money doyou need?"It is also common to hear people say lavarse los dientes, literally, "to wash one's teeth."Hmmmm, the phrase ¿Cuánto te falta para terminar? is somewhat ambiguous in Spanish. It couldmean, "How much do you still have to do until you're finished?" or "How long until you're finished?" If youwant to be more specific, you can say, ¿Cuánto te falta hacer para terminar? (How much do youstill have to do in order to finish?)When the verb terminar is followed by another verb it must use de between them. This is why we say"Ya terminé" (I finished), but "Terminé de bañarme" (I finished bathing.)Ya is actually optional in this previous phrase. You can also say Casi termino and the meaning is thesame. However, the word ya is commonly added for emphasis.You could have also said vas a ponerte. This is also correct. Remember, you have the option to movethe reflexive pronoun to the front of the first verb (in this case, vas), or leave it attached to the secondverb (here it is poner) when the verb is left unchanged.You may have said, *Pondré este collar. However, while one can use the verb pondré (I will put)without the reflexive pronoun me, this would not be the correct use of the reflexive form. Additionally,just as "I will put this necklace" is not a complete sentence, pondré este collar is also incomplete. Thesentence must be completed by describing the "where," for example, "on the dresser," or morefrequently, "on my neck!"In some countries, people refer to earrings as aros or pendientes.You have learned two words for short: bajo and corto. For this next slide, use the word that you learnedto refer to the length or duration of something.In the previous slide, the reflexive verb probarse is the main verb of the phrase. Therefore, the root ofthe reflexive verb has been modified to agree with the subject. That is, not only does the pronounchange to reflect the subject, but the verb ending does so as well. Consequently, the pronoun detachesfrom the end of the verb and moves to the front. Remember, when the reflexive verb is the main verb ofthe phrase or sentence it will always be modified to agree with the subject and reflect tense.In some countries, people refer to the suit jacket as chaqueta as well.



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In the previous slide, quieres (you want) is the main verb of the sentence as indicated by its agreementwith the subject. That is, we don't say "*To want you try on this blazer?" Here, the first verb, "want"(quieres), agrees with the subject "you" and the second verb, "to try on" (probarse) is therefore left inits root form. Nonetheless, since the verb probarse (to try on) is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun willalways change to agree with the subject, in this case te.For the next slide, bear in mind that the adjective and adverb in Spanish are the same word. Ready?You may also hear people refer to falda as pollera. This term is particularly used in the Cono Surregion of South America, which consists of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay.There are numerous uses of the little word se in Spanish. You already recognize one of these: thereflexive pronoun se. You have also seen another use of se: the passive se. We saw this use previouslywith the verbs pronunciar (to pronounce) and its passive form se pronuncia (it is pronounced), as wellas deletrear (to spell) and its passive form se deletrea (it is spelled). Now apply this pattern to thefollowing slide.You may make the mistake of using se ve as the active form of "it looks." For example, "It looks at you"(*Se te ve). While, se te ve is indeed a correct phrase, it's not complete because it means, "Itlooks...on you." For example, if we were to say "The dress looks big on you," obviously the dress is notactively looking. The active form of "to look" actually uses a different verb in Spanish, mirar (to watch),and does not use the passive se.Did you recognize the word ahora (now) and the diminutive ending -ita? You may recall that diminutivesare often used to convey a small size. In this case, the addition of -ita to the end of ahora conveys asmall amount of time.In sentences such as Ahorita me fijo (I'll check in a second; literally, "I check in a second"), we use theverb in present tense because ahorita (in a second) already indicates future tense. Therefore, it wouldbe redundant to use the future tense and say *Ahorita me fijaré.You may have said, "*¿Quieres unirte nuestro equipo?" However in Spanish, the verb unirse isgenerally used together with the preposition a (to) when the thing to be joined is mentioned.Did you remember to leave the root form of the reflexive verb unir unchanged? We only change theattached reflexive pronoun to te, not the verb itself. Also, remember that since querer is the main verbit needs to agree with the subject of the sentence "you," to become quieres.Although in English, the phrase "Do you want to join us?" can also mean "Do you want to come along withus?", the verb unirse only means "to join" as in "to join a team," or "to combine pieces."Did you notice that "you (plural) go" (van) is the exactly the same as "they go"? This is the same with allSpanish verbs. The plural "you" verb form and the 3rd person plural (they) form will always be the same. Makes things a little easier, right?In English, we use the -ing verb ending not only to indicate the present progressive tense, as in "I'mplaying" (Estoy jugando), but also for the gerund form (nouns that look like verbs), for example, "I'minterested in playing." In Spanish, these forms simply use the infinitive or root form of the verb. Let's trythis for the next slide.



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You may have said, "*¿Quieren unirte a nuestro grupo?" Good try! However, the plural "you" formof reflexive pronouns is se. Te is only used to say "you" when speaking informally to one person(singular). Se is both the "you" (formal) and "you" (plural) reflexive pronoun.Did you remember that since the subject is plural you have to change interesado to its plural form:interesados?You may have noticed that while the English translation uses the word "any" (as in "There aren't anyplayers") this is not necessary in Spanish. This use of "any" is actually a peculiarity of English. In English,when there is a negative element in the phrase, like “not” or “aren’t” in this case, the use of “any” isobligatory. This is not the case in Spanish. You simply say, No hay jugadores (There are no players).You may have said "*uno jugador" because jugador is masculine. But do you recallhow primero and tercero changed to primer and tercer when followed by a masculine noun? Uno works in exactly the same way. Therefore, the correct answer is un jugador.Do you remember that many sport names in Spanish are similar to their counterparts in English? Thesame happens with many other words related to sports. In this case, "referee" can either be árbitro orréferi. As you can see, the spelling is the only thing that changes.You may have noticed that in the sentence Necesitamos encontrar otro (We need to find anotherone), the English translation uses the word "one." Whereas in English it is necessary to use "one" to referto the person or thing we are talking about, since in Spanish, "another" can be either singular or pluralthis "one" referent is implicit in the singular form and not needed in the Spanish translation.You may also hear people refer to the coach as director técnico. Entrenador and director técnicoare interchangeable.You may also hear people refer to the goalie as arquero.Think about the line Me fracturé la pierna (I broke my leg). As you may recall from previous lessons,in Spanish we use the definite article, literally saying "the leg," and not the possessive pronoun "my" sinceme fracturé already conveys the fact that the leg that was broken was yours. In other words, to avoidredundancy, Spanish uses the definite article, not the possessive pronoun, with body parts becausebased on context it's already clear to whom the body part belongs. Keeping this in mind, try answeringthe challenge in the next slide!In some countries people say adolorido instead of dolorido. These two adjectives can be usedinterchangeably.In English, we often use the word "from" to indicate "because of," so whenever you use the word "from" inthis sense, be sure to use por.In the previous slide, the Spanish example clearly uses a noun, el ejercicio (the exercise), whereas theEnglish version uses the gerund form (from exercising). Remember, the English gerund is a part ofspeech that looks like a verb but acts like a noun.You may remember that you already learned the word luego for "later." Luego and más tarde are inmost cases interchangeable.I bet you remember that hacer ejercicio is also "to exercise." We need to note that hacer ejercicio isused when referring to exercising or working out in general, whereas, ejercitar refers to exercising a partof the body. We can say Me gusta hacer ejercicio (I like to exercise), but if we want to say “I'm goingto exercise my legs” we would say Voy a ejercitar las piernas.



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We have actually seen para used as "in order to" before. Recall the sentence, Necesito ir a lapapelería para comprar unos sobres (I need to go to the stationery store to buy some envelopes.) English often shortens this phrase "in order to," to just "to." So, whenever you would use "to" in this way,remember to use para.Cinta de correr is usually shortened to just cinta.Do you recall how we changed ver (to see) to vi (I saw), and leer (to read) to leí (I read)? To form the1st person "(I) form" past tense of verbs ending in -er all you do is drop the -er and add -í (it may takethe accent or not depending on the number of syllables). Solve the next slide applying this samepattern. Ready?You may recall that in Spanish "weight" can also be translated peso. However, peso refers to the weightof something, or how much something weighs. Pesas on the other hand are weights like the ones we liftin the gym or use to hold (or weigh) something down. Pesas also refer to the weights used on balancescales.Did you notice the use of sí in the Spanish sentence? In Spanish, when you want to give emphasis to asentence all you do is add sí before the main verb. This is similar to how English uses the word "does" foremphasis, often stressing this word. Therefore, you can say ¡Esta rutina parece agotadora! (Thisroutine seems exhausting!), but you can give the sentence more emphasis and say ¡Esta rutina síparece agotadora! (This routine does seem exhausting!).


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Spanish - Lone Star College SystemI was cooking and I burned my hand! ¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé...

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Transcript of Spanish - Lone Star College SystemI was cooking and I burned my hand! ¡Estaba cocinando y me quemé...