Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
Transcript of Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
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SPANISHHEADSTART FOR SPAIN
Cultural Notes
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ONTENTS
Geography
C1imate
2
History
3
Language
Food
8
Mea1s and Between
11
Beverages
11
Bu11fight ing
14
Sports
15
Fes t iva s
18
Sightseeing
2
ONTENTS
Geography
C1imate
2
History
3
Language
Food
8
Mea1s and Between
11
Beverages
11
Bu11fight ing
14
Sports
15
Fes t iva s
18
Sightseeing
2
-
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eography
Spain l i e s between
two
con t inen t s - -Europe
and
Afr ica- -and between
two
bodies
of wa te r -
the
Mediterranean
Sea and
the
Atlan t ic
Ocean.
The
second
l a rg e s t count ry in Western Europe
occupies f ive -s ix ths of the Ibe r i an
peninsula
which
t shares with Portugal and with the
two-square-mile B r i t i sh
colony
o f Gibra l t a r .
The jagged
wal l
of the Pyrenees Mountains
sepa ra t e s nor theas t e rn Spain
and
France and the
independent pr inc ipa l i t y
o f
Andorra. o
the
west
i s
Portuga l
and
to
the sou th
e igh t
miles
across the s t r a i t s and
c l e a r l y
v i s i b l e
l i e s
Africa . The ~ t l a n t i c
with i t s Bay
o f
Biscay
and
the
Mediterranean with
i t s Balear ic
Sea
border
a l l but the 280-mile-wide isthmus jo in ing
Spain to the
r e s t
of Europe.
F i f t y percen t o f the a rea o f
peninsula r
Spain cons i s t s o f an a r i d t ab le land the Meseta
almost
t o t a l l y
enclosed
by
the
high
Sie r ras
o f
Guadarrama and Gredos and the mountains of
Toledo.
Other
peaks r i s i n g
abrupt ly from
narrow bands
o f
coas ta l lowlands
en c i r c l e
the
i n t e r i o r o f the country .
eography
Spain l i e s between
two
con t inen t s - -Europe
and
Afr ica- -and between
two
bodies
of wa te r -
the
Mediterranean
Sea and
the
Atlan t ic
Ocean.
The
second
l a rg e s t count ry in Western Europe
occupies f ive -s ix ths of the Ibe r i an
peninsula
which
t shares with Portugal and with the
two-square-mile B r i t i sh
colony
o f Gibra l t a r .
The jagged
wal l
of the Pyrenees Mountains
sepa ra t e s nor theas t e rn Spain
and
France and the
independent pr inc ipa l i t y
o f
Andorra. o
the
west
i s
Portuga l
and
to
the sou th
e igh t
miles
across the s t r a i t s and
c l e a r l y
v i s i b l e
l i e s
Africa . The ~ t l a n t i c
with i t s Bay
o f
Biscay
and
the
Mediterranean with
i t s Balear ic
Sea
border
a l l but the 280-mile-wide isthmus jo in ing
Spain to the
r e s t
of Europe.
F i f t y percen t o f the a rea o f
peninsula r
Spain cons i s t s o f an a r i d t ab le land the Meseta
almost
t o t a l l y
enclosed
by
the
high
Sie r ras
o f
Guadarrama and Gredos and the mountains of
Toledo.
Other
peaks r i s i n g
abrupt ly from
narrow bands
o f
coas ta l lowlands
en c i r c l e
the
i n t e r i o r o f the country .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_Tietar.JPG -
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elim te
Like
i t s numerous mountain ranges , S p a i n s
r i ve r system inc lud ing
the four
l a rge s t r i ve r s -
the Tajo Ebro Duero
and
Guadalqu iv i r - -d iv ides
the
country
i n to
a
number
of regions .
In
one
o f
these
d i s t i n c t i v e
sec to rs , the aus te re Cas t i l i an
high lands ,
l i e s Madrid
Spa in s capi ta l c i t y .
In add i t ion to the mainland Spanish
t e r r i
to ry comprises the Balear ic
and
Canary Is lands
and the
s t r a t e g i c Moroccan
enclaves
o f Ceuta
and
Mel i l l a .
elim te
Pro tec t ive mountain ba r r i e r s and the warm
ing
e f f e c t s of the
nor thern gu l f s t ream and
Mediterranean cur ren t s moderate
Spa in s
four
c l imat ic
zones:
the nor th and
northwest ;
the
cen t ra l pla teau; the
southernmost
region; and
the
Mediterranean
coas t .
Abundant year-round r a i n f a l l lends a
deep
green co lo r to nor thern pas tu re s
and meadowlands.
Seasonal
t empera tu res
vary only s l i gh t ly ;
winters are
mild
surnrners cool .
The cen t ra l t ab l e l and ex h ib i t s wide c l imat ic
v a r i a t i o n s , both during the course o f a s ing le
day and
seasona l ly .
Here
as
in o ther
high
e leva t ions ,
raw
winters a re
cha rac te r i zed by
snowstorms and pene t ra t ing winds. During the
dry
s u ~ ~ e r s many Madri leos seek r e l i e f on the
elim te
Like
i t s numerous mountain ranges , S p a i n s
r i ve r system inc lud ing
the four
l a rge s t r i ve r s -
the Tajo Ebro Duero
and
Guadalqu iv i r - -d iv ides
the
country
i n to
a
number
of regions .
In
one
o f
these
d i s t i n c t i v e
sec to rs , the aus te re Cas t i l i an
high lands ,
l i e s Madrid
Spa in s capi ta l c i t y .
In add i t ion to the mainland Spanish
t e r r i
to ry comprises the Balear ic
and
Canary Is lands
and the
s t r a t e g i c Moroccan
enclaves
o f Ceuta
and
Mel i l l a .
elim te
Pro tec t ive mountain ba r r i e r s and the warm
ing
e f f e c t s of the
nor thern gu l f s t ream and
Mediterranean cur ren t s moderate
Spa in s
four
c l imat ic
zones:
the nor th and
northwest ;
the
cen t ra l pla teau; the
southernmost
region; and
the
Mediterranean
coas t .
Abundant year-round r a i n f a l l lends a
deep
green co lo r to nor thern pas tu re s
and meadowlands.
Seasonal
t empera tu res
vary only s l i gh t ly ;
winters are
mild
surnrners cool .
The cen t ra l t ab l e l and ex h ib i t s wide c l imat ic
v a r i a t i o n s , both during the course o f a s ing le
day and
seasona l ly .
Here
as
in o ther
high
e leva t ions ,
raw
winters a re
cha rac te r i zed by
snowstorms and pene t ra t ing winds. During the
dry
s u ~ ~ e r s many Madri leos seek r e l i e f on the
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istory
From preh is to ry
on, many d i f f e r e n t peoples-
from the M edi te r ranean s
shores ,
Northern Afr ica
and
Europe--have invaded
and
inhabi ted Spain .
Early
i nhab i t an t s , pa le o l i t h i c hunters
15,000
B.C.) o f Altamira ,
pa inted
near ly l i f e
s i zed deer and bison
on cave
wal l s .
I so la ted
by
the mountain
r idges
of the Pyrenees ,
a
race
o f
myste r ious o r i g i n s , the Basques,
has
continued
to preserve i t s
unique customs
and
language
for
thousands
of years .
istory
From preh is to ry
on, many d i f f e r e n t peoples-
from the M edi te r ranean s
shores ,
Northern Afr ica
and
Europe--have invaded
and
inhabi ted Spain .
Early
i nhab i t an t s , pa le o l i t h i c hunters
15,000
B.C.) o f Altamira ,
pa inted
near ly l i f e
s i zed deer and bison
on cave
wal l s .
I so la ted
by
the mountain
r idges
of the Pyrenees ,
a
race
o f
myste r ious o r i g i n s , the Basques,
has
continued
to preserve i t s
unique customs
and
language
for
thousands
of years .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cova_d%27en_Daina2.JPG -
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lstory
Of a l l
the invaders ,
only
the
Romans
were
ab le
to
conquer most
o f
the
peninsula ,
which
they named
Hispan ia .
In the second century B.C.
Rome began a lengthy co lon iza t ion t ha t t r a ns
formed
loca l
laws p o l i t i c s
and
language and
es tab l i shed C h r i s t i a n i t y as the dominant r e l i
gion.
Six
hundred
years
of romanizat ion ended
when the
monarchs
o f the semic iv i l i z ea
Visigoths founded a
kingdom ru led
froro Toledo.
Roman bndge Alava
In 711 invaders from North Africa , the
Moors
of
mixed
Syrian , Egyptian
and
Berber
lstory
Of
a l l the invaders ,
only
the
Romans were
ab le
to
conquer most
of
the
peninsula ,
which
they named Hispania . In the
second century
B.C.
Rome began a lengthy co lon iza t ion t ha t t r a ns
formed
loca l
laws p o l i t i c s
and
language and
es tab l i shed C h r i s t i a n i t y
as
the dominant
r e l i
gion.
Six
hundred years
of romanizat ion
ended
when the monarchs
o f
the semic iv i l ized
Visigoths
founded
a kingdom ru led
froro
Toledo.
Roman bridge Alava
In 711
invaders from
North
Africa ,
the
Moors
of
mixed
Syrian , Egyptian
and
Berber
Photo: TXODate:September 2008
Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_de_Trespuentes.JPG -
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By
the s ix teen th cen tu ry , Spain
exe rc i s ing
the
rnight
o f
the Hapsburg Ernpire was the rnost
powerful
na t ion
in
Europe.
Along
with
t ha t
power
carne
the
grea t
exp lora to ry exped i t ions
in to the
New
World
and
the
P ac i f i c .
The
conquis tadores
clairns
fo r
rnost
o f
South and
Cent ra l
America
c rea t ed
irnrnense weal th
in
precious rnetals
and pro f i t s
in
t r ade , but
no
t r u e
econornic
growth. In 1588 l e s s than
a
cen tu ry a f t e r the discovery o f America v io len t
storrns and
B r i t i sh gal l eons swept the supposedly
inv inc ib le Spanish Armada
frorn
the
seas .
By
the
seven teen th cen tu ry , plagues and
unceas ing
rn i l i ta ry
campaigns
had drained
C a s t il e s
t r easu ry . In
1700
the
death
o f
Charles
11,
l a s t
of the
Hapsburg
ru l e r s , brought
about the War of Spanish
Success ion
in which the
House of Bourbon eventua l ly
carne
to
Madrid frorn
France. I t was dur ing
t h i s
dynas t i c change
t ha t
Spain
l o s t near ly a l l
her European possess ions .
lstory
By
the
s ix teen th cen tu ry , Spain
exe rc i s ing
the rnight
o f the
Hapsburg Ernpire was the rnost
powerful na t ion
in Europe. Along with
t ha t
power
carne
the
grea t
exp lora to ry exped i t ions
in to the
New
World
and
the
P ac i f i c .
The
conquis tadores
clairns
fo r
rnost
o f
South and
Cent ra l
America
c rea t ed irnrnense
weal th
in
precious rnetals
and
pro f i t s in
t r ad e , but
no
t r u e
econornic
growth. In 1588 l e s s than a
century a f t e r the
discovery
of
America v io l en t
storrns and
B r i t i sh gal l eons swept the supposedly
inv inc ib le
Spanish
Armada frorn the
seas .
By the seven teen th cen tu ry , plagues and
unceas ing
rn i l i ta ry
campaigns
had drained
C a s t il e s
t r easu ry . In 1700 the death
of
Charles 11,
l a s t
of the
Hapsburg
ru l e r s , brought
about the War of Spanish Success ion in which the
House of Bourbon eventua l ly carne to
Madrid frorn
France.
I t
was dur ing
t h i s dynas t i c
change
t ha t
Spain
l o s t
near ly
a l l
her
European
possess ions .
lstory
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Estatua_de_El_Cid_cropped.jpg -
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anguage
century l a t e r Spain became embroi led
in
the Napoleonic
Wars, and
Napoleon 's
bro the r ,
Joseph,
was
placed on the Spanish th rone
(1808-1814).
The
Bourbon monarchy
was
r e s to red
only a f t e r
the long
campaign
of the Peninsular
War.
This century
a l so saw
the
r e vo l t and inde
pendence
of the
American
colonies
th ree
C ar l i s t
Wars
waged
over
the
i s sue
of succession the
br i e f ous t ing of the
monarchy and
the
es t ab l i s h
ment of the
s ho r t - l i ve d
F i r s t
Republ ic economic
s tagnat ion
and f i na l l y
t he Spanish-American
War (1898),
in which Spain l o s t
Cuba,
Puerto Rico
and
the Phi l ipp ines to the
United
Sta t e s .
Neutral in
World War
1 ,
Spain
subsequent ly
su f fe red
from
economic, po l i t i c a l and soc ia l
c r i s e s a t t r i bu t ed to lack
of
governmental
author i ty . The Second Republ ic , dominated
by
i nc reas inq l e f t - r i gh t pola r i za t ion , culminated
in
the
l e f t i s t
Popular
Fron t
e l ec to r a l
v ic to ry
in 1936.
In t e rna l pres su res coupled
with
unchecked
vio lence led
to
the
outbreak
of the
Spanish
Civ i l
War in 1936. Following the
v ic to ry
o f hi s
Na t iona l i s t fo rces , General
Francisco
Franco
ru led a nat ion exhausted
p o l i t i c a l l y and
econom
i c a l l y . Spa in s economy did
not
begin
to recover
u n t i l the
l a t e
1940 s . In the ea r ly 1950 s , the
Spanish nat ion opened up a new model o f
economic
progress
by
agree ing
to
es t ab l i s h
U.S.
mil i t a ry
bases . Massive
modernizat ion and development
were postponed u n t i l the 1960 s .
anguage
century l a t e r Spain became embroi led
in
the Napoleonic
Wars, and
Napoleon 's
bro the r ,
Joseph,
was
placed on the Spanish th rone
(1808-1814).
The
Bourbon monarchy
was
r e s to red
only a f t e r
the long
campaign
of the Peninsular
War.
This century
a l so saw
the
r e vo l t and inde
pendence
of the
American
colonies
th ree
C ar l i s t
Wars
waged
over
the
i s sue
of succession the
br i e f ous t ing of the
monarchy and
the
es t ab l i s h
ment of the
s ho r t - l i ve d
F i r s t
Republ ic economic
s tagnat ion
and f i na l l y
t he Spanish-American
War (1898),
in which Spain l o s t
Cuba,
Puerto Rico
and
the Phi l ipp ines to the
United
Sta t e s .
Neutral in
World War
1 ,
Spain
subsequent ly
su f fe red
from
economic, po l i t i c a l and soc ia l
c r i s e s a t t r i bu t ed to lack
of
governmental
author i ty . The Second Republ ic , dominated
by
i nc reas inq l e f t - r i gh t pola r i za t ion , culminated
in
the
l e f t i s t
Popular
Fron t
e l ec to r a l
v ic to ry
in 1936.
In t e rna l pres su res coupled
with
unchecked
vio lence led
to
the
outbreak
of the
Spanish
Civ i l
War in 1936. Following the
v ic to ry
o f hi s
Na t iona l i s t fo rces , General
Francisco
Franco
ru led a nat ion exhausted
p o l i t i c a l l y and
econom
i c a l l y . Spa in s economy did
not
begin
to recover
u n t i l the
l a t e
1940 s . In the ea r ly 1950 s , the
Spanish nat ion opened up a new model o f
economic
progress
by
agree ing
to
es t ab l i s h
U.S.
mil i t a ry
bases . Massive
modernizat ion and development
were postponed u n t i l the 1960 s .
-
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With
s l i gh t modi f ica t ions in
usage
Spanish
Cast i l ian) serves as
the
o f f i c i a l , primary o r
secondary language of
250
mil l ion
people
in
Spain;
most
o f
the
Ant i l l e s ; pa r t s o f Afr ica
and
anguage
o
Castile
_/
Leon
Oj
Kingdom
o
oledo
C STILE
i
)
KING OM OF FR NCE
CROWN
O
q Baleares
With
s l i gh t modi f ica t ions in
usage
Spanish
Cast i l ian) serves as
the
o f f i c i a l , primary o r
secondary language of
250
mil l ion
people
in
Spain;
most
o f
the
Ant i l l e s ; pa r t s o f Afr ica
and
anguage
Castile around the year 1400 Image: Tyk and GabagoolDate:26 July 2010
cc-by-sa-3.0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_Castilla_1400_en.svg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
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ood
Melodious
Gal ic ian ,
with four
d ia l e c t s
corresponding
to
G a l i c i a s four
prov inces ,
resembles
Portuguese. Used by about two
rn i l l ion
people
in
ru ra l
areas
and
pr imar i ly
with in the
farni ly
t i s not being formal ly passed
on
to
the nex t
genera t ion .
The
four th
language
o f
Spain
bear ing
no
ood
Melodious
Gal ic ian ,
with four
d ia l e c t s
corresponding
to
G a l i c i a s four
prov inces ,
resembles
Portuguese. Used by about two
rn i l l ion
people
in
ru ra l
areas
and
pr imar i ly
with in the
farni ly
t i s not being formal ly passed
on
to
the nex t genera t ion
The
four th
language
o f
Spain
bear ing
no
Photo: Jim AnzaloneDate: 5 Mar 2009
cc-by-sa-2.0Fishing Boats, Laxe, Galicia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishing_Boats_Galicia_Spain.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
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pimentos,
are found
a l l over
the
country .
Valencia
i s known
fo r the
t a s t i e s t
vers ion made
with
pork, chicken o r
seafood.
Squid
(ca lamares ) , a t
t he i r
bes t
in
the Basque
count ry and
Cata lonia
are a l
so
ea ten in othe r
regions .
Cut t l e f i sh are
f requent ly
prepared in
dark
sauce o f
t h e i r
own
ink o r
cut
up and
f r i ed
c r i sp .
Gazpacho i s an
uncooked soup
o f
Andalusian
or ig ine
Oil
and vinegar are combined
with
f ine ly s t r a ined
tomatoes,
gar l i c cucumber,
green
peppers
and onion. Garnished with
crou-
t ons
the c h i l l e d blend makes
re f re sh ing
r epas t
on
hot days .
Spanish
cooks prepare legumes in var i e ty
of
ways. Madrid s spec ia l stew (cocido) ,
made
with
ch ick
peas
and
bee f
chicken o r bacon, i s meal
in
i t s e l f
when
ea ten
with bread and glass
of
wine.
Astur ians
favor simple
cassou le t
o f
white beans with s a l t pork and sausage (fabada)
and Basques choose peppery sausage (chorizo)
s tewed with
red o r
white beans .
ood
pimentos,
are found
a l l over
the
country .
Valencia
i s known
fo r the
t a s t i e s t
vers ion made
with
pork, chicken o r
seafood.
Squid
(ca lamares ) , a t
t he i r
bes t
in
the Basque
count ry and
Cata lonia
are a l
so
ea ten in othe r
regions .
Cut t l e f i sh are
f requent ly
prepared in
dark
sauce o f
t h e i r
own
ink o r
cut
up and
f r i ed
c r i sp .
Gazpacho i s an
uncooked soup
o f
Andalusian
or ig ine
Oil
and vinegar are combined
with
f ine ly s t r a ined
tomatoes,
gar l i c cucumber,
green
peppers
and onion. Garnished with
crou-
t ons
the c h i l l e d blend makes
re f re sh ing
r epas t
on
hot days .
Spanish
cooks prepare legumes in var i e ty
of
ways. Madrid s spec ia l stew (cocido) ,
made
with
ch ick
peas
and
bee f
chicken o r bacon, i s meal
in
i t s e l f
when
ea ten
with bread and glass
of
wine.
Astur ians
favor simple
cassou le t
o f
white beans with s a l t pork and sausage (fabada)
and Basques choose peppery sausage (chorizo)
s tewed with
red o r
white beans .
ood
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Migas_en_Navas_de_Estena.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
13/39
ood
Mesn de Cndido, en Segovia (Castilla y Len, Espaa) Photo: ZaratemanDate: 23 Aug 2009
Public Domain CC0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Meson_de_Candido_2.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
14/39
Meals and etween
Spaniards
genera l ly
ea t l a t e r than
othe r
na t i ona l i t i e s .
Spaniards
in the
South
o f
Spain
ea t
even
l a t e r
than
those
in
the
North.
In
ho te l s pat ron ized
by t o u r i s t s ,
t
i s now
poss ib l e to
order
breakfas t ,
usua l ly o f the
simple con t inen ta l var i e ty , as ear ly
as
8 a.m.
and as l a t e
as 11) .
Most
of ten , lunch, the
main meal of the day,
i s t aken
between and 4
Restaurants begin serving dinner a t 8:30 o r
9
p.m.
and s top
a t
midnight .
Many
cafes
o f fe r tempt ing snack s tapas) for
those who f ind t hard to hold out
un t i l
sched-
uled meal t imes . Seafood i s the
most
common,
but
sandwiches and severa l va r i e t i e s o f sausage
can be purchased as
wel l .
With a l l
o f
these ,
Spaniards
dr ink
wine
or beer .
everages
Wlne
Wines
as
va r i ed as the
topography and c l imate
of the
country enhance the midday and
evening
meals of most
Spaniards .
Nowhere e l s e
in
the
world i s wine so
av a i l ab l e ,
so s t rong and st ll
so
inexpens ive .
The major i ty of
wines
are regiona l and are
found
only
in
the a rea o t h e i r product ion.
Meals and etween
Spaniards
genera l ly
ea t l a t e r than
othe r
na t i ona l i t i e s .
Spaniards
in the
South
o f
Spain
ea t
even
l a t e r
than
those
in
the
North.
In
ho te l s pat ron ized
by t o u r i s t s ,
t
i s now
poss ib l e to
order
breakfas t ,
usua l ly o f the
simple con t inen ta l var i e ty , as ear ly
as
8 a.m.
and as l a t e
as 11) .
Most
of ten , lunch, the
main meal of the day,
i s t aken
between and 4
Restaurants begin serving dinner a t 8:30 o r
9
p.m.
and s top
a t
midnight .
Many
cafes
o f fe r tempt ing snack s tapas) for
those who f ind t hard to hold out
un t i l
sched-
uled meal t imes . Seafood i s the
most
common,
but
sandwiches and severa l va r i e t i e s o f sausage
can be purchased as
wel l .
With a l l
o f
these ,
Spaniards
dr ink
wine
or beer .
everages
Wlne
Wines
as
va r i ed as the
topography and c l imate
of the
country enhance the midday and
evening
meals of most
Spaniards .
Nowhere e l s e
in
the
world i s wine so
av a i l ab l e ,
so s t rong and st ll
so
inexpens ive .
The major i ty of
wines
are regiona l and are
found
only
in
the a rea o t h e i r product ion.
-
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
15/39
Beverages
and
moscate l ,
savory a f t e r dinner , are produced
from sweet
grapes grown in Andalusia .
Local ly produced wine vino cor r ien te i s
sold
inexpensively in
wine
s to res
bodegas),
s t r a igh t
from
the
ba r r e l .
The house wine o
r es tau ran t s vino de l a casa , served
from
a
p i t che r ,
i s usua l ly o f
r e l i a b l e qua l i ty and
cos t s l e ss
than
i t s bo t t l ed equivalente
She y
Sherry i s made only from vines grown in the
chalky s o i l of the
province
of Cadiz, ch ie f ly
around
the town o f Jerez de
la Fontera .
So-
ca l l ed
sher r ies
from o ther coun t r i e s a re imi t a -
t i ons .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cata-BrandyJerez-UCA.JPG -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
16/39
randies and Liqueurs
Both domest ic
f i rms
and
companies under
l i cense
from
d i s t l l l e r i e s
i n o the r coun t r i e s
produce
brand ies
(coac) and
l i queurs ( l icores )
in huge qua n t i t i e s .
Brandy, f av o r i t e
dr ink o f o lde r Spaniards ,
i s qu i te
sweet . Well-known brands are
Fundador,
Domecq and Soberano,
which
i s the dr i e s t of the
th ree . Esteemed Lepanto and Carlos Primero
cos t cons iderab ly more.
Beverages
randies and Liqueurs
Both domest ic
f i rms
and
companies under
l i cense
from
d i s t l l l e r i e s
i n o the r coun t r i e s
produce
brand ies
(coac) and
l i queurs ( l icores )
in huge qua n t i t i e s .
Brandy, f av o r i t e
dr ink o f o lde r Spaniards ,
i s qu i te
sweet . Well-known brands are
Fundador,
Domecq and Soberano,
which
i s the dr i e s t of the
th ree . Esteemed Lepanto and Carlos Primero
cos t cons iderab ly more.
Beverages
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Granada_Spain_Bar.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
17/39
Bullflghtlng
Other Drinks
Sangria
i s the summer beverage favored
by
Madri leos . This cool ing
mixture
i s prepared
with wine,
water
and
s l i c e s
of
orange
o r
lemon
sweetened with
sugar o r
l iqueur .
Astur ians
press
two grades
o f
c ider s idra)
from apples in
the
orchards of
the
North. Local
c id e r bars cedre r is ) ,
serve
the rough and
inexpensive st ll
form
by aera t ing t in to
qla sse s from
an
overhead bo t t l e . Sidra cham
paa, a more
r e f ined ,
sparkl ing
vers ion i s
bo t t l ed
and
sold
in
res t au ran t s ,
bars
and
wine
shops
throughout the
country .
Horchata
i s
an
immensely popular nonalcoholic
dr ink .
Outdoor
cafes
ca l l ed h o r c h t e r ~ s spe
c i a l i z e in serv ing
t h i s
milkl ike l i b a t i c n made
with
ground ear th almonds
chufas) o r r e a l
almonds.
Coca-Cola,
Pepsi-Cola
and Fanta
are
widely
ava i lab le in bo t t l e s
or
in canso
Tri -Nara jus ,
in lemon
and
orange f l avors , i s a re f re sh ing
noncarbonated
dr ink .
Nowadays
water
in Spain , a t
l ea s t
in the
l a rg e r towns,
i8
per fec t ly wholesome.
Never
t h e l e s s , most Spaniards
apprec ia te
the
tang
and
f reshness
o f
mineral water agua
mineral ) ,which
i s ava i lab le with carbonat ion con gas)
o r
without
s in gas) .
Bullflghtlng
Other Drinks
Sangria
i s the summer beverage favored
by
Madri leos . This cool ing
mixture
i s prepared
with wine,
water
and
s l i c e s
of
orange
o r
lemon
sweetened with
sugar o r
l iqueur .
Astur ians
press
two grades
o f
c ider s idra)
from apples in
the
orchards of
the
North. Local
c id e r bars cedre r is ) ,
serve
the rough and
inexpensive st ll
form
by aera t ing t in to
qla sse s from
an
overhead bo t t l e . Sidra cham
paa, a more
r e f ined ,
sparkl ing
vers ion i s
bo t t l ed
and
sold
in
res t au ran t s ,
bars
and
wine
shops
throughout the
country .
Horchata
i s
an
immensely popular nonalcoholic
dr ink .
Outdoor
cafes
ca l l ed h o r c h t e r ~ s spe
c i a l i z e in serv ing
t h i s
milkl ike l i b a t i c n made
with
ground ear th almonds
chufas) o r r e a l
almonds.
Coca-Cola,
Pepsi-Cola
and Fanta
are
widely
ava i lab le in bo t t l e s
or
in canso
Tri -Nara jus ,
in lemon
and
orange f l avors , i s a re f re sh ing
noncarbonated
dr ink .
Nowadays
water
in Spain , a t
l ea s t
in the
l a rg e r towns,
i8
per fec t ly wholesome.
Never
t h e l e s s , most Spaniards
apprec ia te
the
tang
and
f reshness
o f
mineral water agua
mineral ) ,which
i s ava i lab le with carbonat ion con gas)
o r
without
s in gas) .
-
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
18/39
l ances ,
the bander i l los fu r the r
weaken
the
animal by implant ing wooden s t i c k s
t ipped
with
s t e e l poin t s in h i s
f l e sh .
Las t
comes the
matador,
dressed in
g l i t t e r -
ing s u i t o f l i gh t s ( t r a j e de
luces ) ,
to
dispa tch
h i s spec ia l ly bred
opponent .
After p laying the
beas t with
red
cape (muleta) , the matador
plunges
h is
shor t sword (estoque) in to the neck.
The
f i r s t t h rus t ,
the moment o f t r u th ,
should
k i l I .
ports
l ances ,
the bander i l los fu r the r
weaken
the
animal by implant ing wooden s t i c k s
t ipped
with
s t e e l poin t s in h i s
f l e sh .
Las t
comes the
matador,
dressed in
g l i t t e r -
ing s u i t o f l i gh t s ( t r a j e de
luces ) ,
to
dispa tch
h i s spec ia l ly bred
opponent .
After p laying the
beas t with
red
cape (muleta) , the matador
plunges
h is
shor t sword (estoque) in to the neck.
The
f i r s t t h rus t ,
the moment o f t r u th ,
should
k i l I .
ports
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PZ8312_Corrida_de_Toros,_Barcelona,_Catalonia,_Spain,_1890s.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
19/39
ports
Hunting
and
f i sh ing in Spain
be t t e r
provided
with
game
than
any othe r
count ry
in
Western
Europe
are
popular past imes . Of
the
biq game
deer i s the most
p l en t i fu l .
Smaller game espe-
c i a l l y red par t r idge , i s of ten shot by the hun-
dreds in
organized
dr ives .
Salmon i s found
in
many st reams in the North
ports
Hunting
and
f i sh ing in Spain
be t t e r
provided
with
game
than
any othe r
count ry
in
Western
Europe
are
popular past imes . Of
the
biq game
deer i s the most
p l en t i fu l .
Smaller game espe-
c i a l l y red par t r idge , i s of ten shot by the hun-
dreds in
organized
dr ives .
Salmon i s found
in
many st reams in the North
The Quail Shoot - Oil on canvas, 290 x 226 cm Museo del Prado, MadridFrancisco de Goya - 1775 Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goya_Shoot.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
20/39
grouped under the Federacin Espaola de
Montaismo, an
a f f i l i a t e o f
the
American
Alpine
Club.
Every
year more and
more
en thus ias t s f requent
the pen insu la s four main ski a reas - - the
Spanish
Pyrenees , the Cord i l l e ra Cantabr ica , the moun
t a ins around
Madrid and
the southern
Sie r ra
Nevada.
Winter
r e so r t s
of f e r
a l l
the amenit ies ,
usua l ly a t
modest pr ices .
Soccer , ca l led
f ~ t b o l
i s
avidly
enjoyed,
both as
a
rec rea t iona l
ac t i v i t y and
as
a
spec ta
t o r
spor t . During
the
sea son fans pack Spa in s
modern s tadiums- -Madr id s being one
of
the
l a rges t in the
world-- to
watch the
s k i l l f u l
plays o f
the
Real
Madrid
and other
teams.
Sports
grouped under the Federacin Espaola de
Montaismo, an
a f f i l i a t e o f
the
American
Alpine
Club.
Every
year more and
more
en thus ias t s f requent
the pen insu la s four main ski a reas - - the
Spanish
Pyrenees , the Cord i l l e ra Cantabr ica , the moun
t a ins around
Madrid and
the southern
Sie r ra
Nevada.
Winter
r e so r t s
of f e r
a l l
the amenit ies ,
usua l ly a t
modest pr ices .
Soccer , ca l led
f ~ t b o l
i s
avidly
enjoyed,
both as
a
rec rea t iona l
ac t i v i t y and
as
a
spec ta
t o r
spor t . During
the
sea son fans pack Spa in s
modern s tadiums- -Madr id s being one
of
the
l a rges t in the
world-- to
watch the
s k i l l f u l
plays o f
the
Real
Madrid
and other
teams.
Sports
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campnoumatch.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
21/39
Festlvals
r ac ing
a
t r ad l t iona l Madrid pas t ime
a t t r a c t s
many fo l lowers
as
does the Formula
One
Grand
Prix he ld
a t
the Jarama
t r ack
j u s t outs ide
the
cap i t a l .
Every
day Spaniards buy
t i c k e t
s
for the
na t iona l
l o t t e ry from
s t r e e t vendors .
Winners
of the Christmas l o t t e r y El Gordo share ln
a
550-mi l l lon-peseta
pot to become i n s t an t
mil
l i ona i r e s .
Festivals
f i e s t a
i s
a hol iday
in
Spain a unique
blending
of the
fe s t ive and
r e l ig ious .
The c a l
endar
shows sorne
1 500 observed annua l ly in
d i f f e r en t par t s
of the count ry . Each
province
commemorates
i t s
own
re l ig ious ho l idays and
most towns and
v i l l ages
hold a t
l ea s t
one
annual
f i e s t a on
the
feas t
day
o f
t h e i r
pa t ron
s a in t .
Fourteen major
f e s t iva l s
of fe r ing
i ns igh t
in to
the
Spanish temperament
are
observed
nat ionwide.
n
t hese days bar
s
and
r e s t a u
ran t s remain
open shops of f i c e s
and banks are
closed .
Festlvals
r ac ing
a
t r ad l t iona l Madrid pas t ime
a t t r a c t s
many fo l lowers
as
does the Formula
One
Grand
Prix he ld
a t
the Jarama
t r ack
j u s t outs ide
the
cap i t a l .
Every
day Spaniards buy
t i c k e t
s
for the
na t iona l
l o t t e ry from
s t r e e t vendors .
Winners
of the Christmas l o t t e r y El Gordo share ln
a
550-mi l l lon-peseta
pot to become i n s t an t
mil
l i ona i r e s .
Festivals
f i e s t a
i s
a hol iday
in
Spain a unique
blending
of the
fe s t ive and
r e l ig ious .
The c a l
endar
shows sorne
1 500 observed annua l ly in
d i f f e r en t par t s
of the count ry . Each
province
commemorates
i t s
own
re l ig ious ho l idays and
most towns and
v i l l ages
hold a t
l ea s t
one
annual
f i e s t a on
the
feas t
day
o f
t h e i r
pa t ron
s a in t .
Fourteen major
f e s t iva l s
of fe r ing
i ns igh t
in to
the
Spanish temperament
are
observed
nat ionwide.
n
t hese days bar
s
and
r e s t a u
ran t s remain
open shops of f i c e s
and banks are
closed .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moros_y_cristianos.jpg -
8/9/2019 Spanish Headstart for Spain Cultural Notes
22/39
ew
Year s
Day.
January
l . The s t r e e t s
are
f i l l e d
with noise
and
ac t i v i t y
on
ew Year s
Eve. The
fo l lowing
day, fami l ies
e n j o y a
t r a d i -
t i ona l
meal
a t
home.
Epiphany.
January
6.
This ,
more than
Christmas, i s the day on which
the
Three
Kings
d i s t r i bu t e
t h e i r g i f t s to
ch i ld ren .
Sa in t Joseph s
Day.
March
19. Proces-
s ions
and bu l l f i gh t s
take
place dur ing the
day.
At
night
costumed ce lebran t s burn
fan tas t ic
f igures .
The
f a l l a s of
Valencia
i s
the
most
spec tacu la r express ion o f t h i s
hol iday.
Holy Thursday, Good Friday.
Var iab le
da tes .
Holy
Week
i s
noted
for e labora te proces -
s ions , espec ia l ly those in Sev i l l e , Val ladol id
and Burgos,
in which
pen i ten t s
bear re l ig ious
s t a tues
through
the s t r ee t s .
Corpus C h r i s t i
Day.
Var iab le date . Mag-
n i f i c e n t process ions
pass over carpe t s
o f
f lowers l a id in
the
s t r ee t s . Granada, Barcelona
ano Toledo
pay
homage to the Euchar i s t
with
pa r t i c u l a r fe rvor .
Labor Day. May l .
Off ic ia l s
recognize
contr ibut ions made by
working
people .
Saint
John s
Day. June
24.
Moors syrnbol-
i z ing
bad luck
perform burlesques in which they
are
put to death . The most
dramat ic
pre sen ta -
estivals
ew
Year s
Day.
January
l . The s t r e e t s
are
f i l l e d
with noise
and
ac t i v i t y
on
ew Year s
Eve. The
fo l lowing
day, fami l ies
e n j o y a
t r a d i -
t i ona l
meal
a t
home.
Epiphany.
January
6.
This ,
more than
Christmas, i s the day on which
the
Three
Kings
d i s t r i bu t e
t h e i r g i f t s to
ch i ld ren .
Sa in t Joseph s
Day.
March
19. Proces-
s ions
and bu l l f i gh t s
take
place dur ing the
day.
At
night
costumed ce lebran t s burn
fan tas t ic
f igures .
The
f a l l a s of
Valencia
i s
the
most
spec tacu la r express ion o f t h i s
hol iday.
Holy Thursday, Good Friday.
Var iab le
da tes .
Holy
Week
i s
noted
for e labora te proces -
s ions , espec ia l ly those in Sev i l l e , Val ladol id
and Burgos,
in which
pen i ten t s
bear re l ig ious
s t a tues
through
the s t r ee t s .
Corpus C h r i s t i
Day.
Var iab le date . Mag-
n i f i c e n t process ions
pass over carpe t s
o f
f lowers l a id in
the
s t r ee t s . Granada, Barcelona
ano Toledo
pay
homage to the Euchar i s t
with
pa r t i c u l a r fe rvor .
Labor Day. May l .
Off ic ia l s
recognize
contr ibut ions made by
working
people .
Saint
John s
Day. June
24.
Moors syrnbol-
i z ing
bad luck
perform burlesques in which they
are
put to death . The most
dramat ic
pre sen ta -
estivals
-
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Slghtseeing
Christmas
Day.
Deeember
25.
n Christmas
Eve
almost everyone a t t ends
midnight
mass.
Famil ies
ga ther
toge the r on Chris tmas Day to
enjoy
seasonal foods.
ightseeing
Por the most
par t ,
Spa in s many a t t r a e t i ons
are f ree o r eos t
very
little Madrid, s i tua ted
a lmost square ly in the cen te r of the eountry ,
i s
a good s t a r t i n g point to
enjoy
the rnul t i tude o f
h i s to r i e
s i t e s , na tu ra l landseapes
and
qu ie t
v i l l ages found in
every
region.
The
Puerta
del Sol , M adrid s major cross -
roads , i s
named fo r an ea r ly
town ga te t ha t has
s ince
disappeared. Traf f ie
f lows
along t en
i n t e r s e c t i n g s t r ee t s ,
s ix
o f which l ead
in to
roads t ha t
extend
to the coun t ry s f ront ie r s .
Not
f a r
away, roya l ty
once
s taged bu l l f i gh t s
and ceremonial events in the
Plaza
Mayor. Today
plea san t
arcaded shops and
cafes fill
i t s vas t
expanse .
o
view
the
a r t
o f the
Prado Museum, an
old
and comprehensive
p ic tu re
ga l l e ry , t akes weeks.
Souaht-out
co l l ec t ions include those of the
p a ~ i s h
pa in te rs ,
es p ec i a l l y
Velasquez
and
Goya.
Masters from othe r eoun t r i e s
a re a l so
repre -
sented .
Slghtseeing
Christmas
Day.
Deeember
25.
n Christmas
Eve
almost everyone a t t ends
midnight
mass.
Famil ies
ga ther
toge the r on Chris tmas Day to
enjoy
seasonal foods.
ightseeing
Por the most
par t ,
Spa in s many a t t r a e t i ons
are f ree o r eos t
very
little Madrid, s i tua ted
a lmost square ly in the cen te r of the eountry ,
i s
a good s t a r t i n g point to
enjoy
the rnul t i tude o f
h i s to r i e
s i t e s , na tu ra l landseapes
and
qu ie t
v i l l ages found in
every
region.
The
Puerta
del Sol , M adrid s major cross -
roads , i s
named fo r an ea r ly
town ga te t ha t has
s ince
disappeared. Traf f ie
f lows
along t en
i n t e r s e c t i n g s t r ee t s ,
s ix
o f which l ead
in to
roads t ha t
extend
to the coun t ry s f ront ie r s .
Not
f a r
away, roya l ty
once
s taged bu l l f i gh t s
and ceremonial events in the
Plaza
Mayor. Today
plea san t
arcaded shops and
cafes fill
i t s vas t
expanse .
o
view
the
a r t
o f the
Prado Museum, an
old
and comprehensive
p ic tu re
ga l l e ry , t akes weeks.
Souaht-out
co l l ec t ions include those of the
p a ~ i s h
pa in te rs ,
es p ec i a l l y
Velasquez
and
Goya.
Masters from othe r eoun t r i e s
a re a l so
repre -
sented .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Las_hilanderas_con_a%C3%B1adidos_de_mano_ajena,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg -
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wo more landmarks worth
v i s i t i n g are
the
Plaza de
Espana
with i t s Cervantes
Monument
dep ic t ing Don Quixote
and
Sancho Panza
and
the
IBOO-room
Royal
Palace,
now
used
by
King
Don
Carlos on
s t a t e
occas ions .
few
miles
northwest
o f
Madrid
l i e s
the
aus t e re Royal Monastery
o f
El Escor ia l , gran i t e
b u r i a l place
of
kings and queens
o f
Spain.
Nearby the former c h ie f -o f - s t a t e Genera l i ss imo
Francisco
Franco i s
i n t e r r e d
a t
the Valley
o f
the
Fal len
Monument ded ica ted to the v ic t ims
o f
the
Spanish
Civ i l
War.
Slghtseemg
wo more landmarks worth
v i s i t i n g are
the
Plaza de
Espana
with i t s Cervantes
Monument
dep ic t ing Don Quixote
and
Sancho Panza
and
the
IBOO-room
Royal
Palace,
now
used
by
King
Don
Carlos on
s t a t e
occas ions .
few
miles
northwest
o f
Madrid
l i e s
the
aus t e re Royal Monastery
o f
El Escor ia l , gran i t e
b u r i a l place
of
kings and queens
o f
Spain.
Nearby the former c h ie f -o f - s t a t e Genera l i ss imo
Francisco
Franco i s
i n t e r r e d
a t
the Valley
o f
the
Fal len
Monument ded ica ted to the v ic t ims
o f
the
Spanish
Civ i l
War.
Slghtseemg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avila_panoramica_nocturna.pnghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avila_panoramica_nocturna.png -
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Slghtseelng
Two c i t i e s f ront the Bay
o f
Biscay:
Santander s l t e o f an i n t e rna t iona l
mUSlC f e s t i
va l , and Guernica famous fo r i t s des t ruc t ion in
the Civ i l
War.
h igh l igh t
o f Barcelona i s the
Gothic
Quarter ,
a
warren
o f
narrow s t r e e t s and old
churches . Kings
of
Aragon once
ru led from
a
palace on
the s i t e of the Plaza del Rey.
Nineteenth-century a rc h i t e c t
Antonio
Gaudi
and
h is fo l lowers
designed
many f a n t a s t i c bu i ld
ings
in
the
neo-Catalan
s ty l e .
Construct ion
on
the complex Church of the Sacred Family
begun
in 1882 i s
st underway.
Book s t a l l s and well-known landmarks l i n e
the Ramblas
a
success ion of
co lo r fu l
avenues
running from the wate r f ron t to Barce lona s
cen te r .
While pedes t r i ans s t r o l l down the t r e e
shaded middle
sec t ion ,
t r a f f i c roa rs by on
e i t h e r
s ide .
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_rambla2.jpg -
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Cala Bassa beaeh IbIza Baleanes
Slghtseelng
Cala Bassa beaeh IbIza Baleanes
Slghtseelng
Photo: Eduardo PittDate: 11 Jul 2006
cc-by-sa-2.0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cala_Bassa_%28Ibiza%29_%28190295961%29.jpg -
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Slghtseelng
The cha rac te r o f
old
Spain
i s r e ta ined in
the
s ide s t r e e t s
and
cobbled
plazas o f Mlaga.
Ancient f o r t i f i c a t i o n s on
the
e l eva ted
Gibra l fa ro
o f f e r
a
magni f icen t
view, on sorne
days
as
f a r down
the
coas t
as
G ib r a l t a r .
The
Alhambra
o f Granada,
palace o f
su l tans
and their
harems, di sp lays
the honeycombed wood
and s tucco decora t ions o f
Moorish
a r t i s a ns .
Gypsies st ll
perform
flamenco dances
in
mansionl ike caves
s i t u a t e d
high on the h i l l o f
the Sacromonte.
Slghtseelng
The cha rac te r o f
old
Spain
i s r e ta ined in
the
s ide s t r e e t s
and
cobbled
plazas o f Mlaga.
Ancient f o r t i f i c a t i o n s on
the
e l eva ted
Gibra l fa ro
o f f e r
a
magni f icen t
view, on sorne
days
as
f a r down
the
coas t
as
G ib r a l t a r .
The
Alhambra
o f Granada,
palace o f
su l tans
and their
harems, di sp lays
the honeycombed wood
and s tucco decora t ions o f
Moorish
a r t i s a ns .
Gypsies st ll
perform
flamenco dances
in
mansionl ike caves
s i t u a t e d
high on the h i l l o f
the Sacromonte.
Isidoro Marn Gares (Granada, 1863-1926)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mar%EF%BF%BDGares_Isidoro_el_trato.jpg -
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Toledo s walls
mong
the
pr ice less re l ig ious ob jec t s s to red
in t he ca thedra l o f Toledo
both
a
Gothic
church
and a
museum
i s a
vessel fashioned
from
500 pounds
o f
golde
Every
day as for
hundreds
of yea rs
Mozarabic
fami l ies a t tend
a
mass
ce le
bra ted
in
the Vis igothic
manner.
Shoppmg
Toledo s walls
mong
the
pr ice less re l ig ious ob jec t s s to red
in t he ca thedra l o f Toledo
both
a
Gothic
church
and a
museum
i s a
vessel fashioned
from
500 pounds
o f
golde
Every
day as for
hundreds
of yea rs
Mozarabic
fami l ies a t tend
a
mass
ce le
bra ted
in
the Vis igothic
manner.
Shoppmg
Photo: DaderotDate: 19 Jun 2009Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_near_Puente_de_Alcantara,_Toledo.JPG -
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hoppmg
l ea the r goods inc lud ing g loves handbags
and
shoes .
Toledo s damascene.
Toledo i s
t he
cen te r
for
damascened ware -
black s t ee l
i n l a id with gold
s i l v e r
and
copper
threads . Smaller i tems such
as
brace le t s and
pendants
make
good
g i f t s
to t ake home. Other
exper t jewelers c rea te d i s t i n c t i v e pieces from
Majorcan
p e a r l s
the
f i ne s t
a r t i f i c i a l
pear l s
in
the world.
Photo: DaderotDate:19 Jun 2009
Public Domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourist_items,_Toledo.JPG -
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Even though Spain i s now the
f i f t h
most
i n d u s t r i a l i z e d
na t ion
in Europe
popular
hand i
c r a f t s
are st ll ob ta inab le . Many s to res s tock
c l a s s i c
Talavera
and
Muel
ceramics
which
can
a l so
be
purchased
in
the
towns o f
the
same
names. Valencia
produces handcraf ted wooden
fu rn i tu re in
a v a r i e t y
o f modes
and
Alican te
expor t s
i t s ex q u i s i t e handmade
toys a l l
over
the
world .
hoppmg
-
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hoppmg
T ~ o cha ins a l e r i ~ s Preciados
and
El
Corte
Ing les
each
with
severa l s to res in Madrid
and
ou t l e t s
in o ther
major
c i t i e s of ten
s e l l
a t
pr ices l o w ~
than
owner-operated shops.
Celso Garcia i s the most exc lus ive o f
Madrid s
depar tment s tores .
El Corte Ingls in Vigo Photo: DantaddDate: 28 Feb 2007cc-by-2.5
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corteinglesvigo.jpg -
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ransportation
ralns
Spa in s t ranspor t a t ion
system
both
publ ic
and pr iva te , opera tes
on
a
l eve l
o f comfort and
e f f i c i ency
comparable to
those
found in o ther
European coun t r ies .
Most rou tes
of the
na t iona l Spanish
Sta te
Railways RENFE) rad ia t e from Madrid. The so le
except lon
i s
the
l i ne running from the
French
f ron t i e r
through
Barcelona
to
Alicante .
Rail
fares are
determined not
only by t he
d i s t ance t rave led ,
but
also by the
kind
of
t r a in
t r ave led
on.
Three kinds
o f
express t r a i n s -
d iese l
TALGOs
and
TERs
and e l e c t r i c
ELTs--charge
a
supplement per
ki lometer in addi t ion to the
regular
fare . TALGOs l i nk
Madrid with o ther
la rge c i t i e s .
ELTs
and TERs which serve
smal le r
c i t i e s as well ,
are
s lower and make more
s tops .
All
th ree
of f e r
f i r s t -
and
second-c lass
sea t ing and
s leeping
accornmodations.
ransportation
ralns
Spa in s t ranspor t a t ion
system
both
publ ic
and pr iva te , opera tes
on
a
l eve l
o f comfort and
e f f i c i ency
comparable to
those
found in o ther
European coun t r ies .
Most rou tes
of the
na t iona l Spanish
Sta te
Railways RENFE) rad ia t e from Madrid. The so le
except lon
i s
the
l i ne running from the
French
f ron t i e r
through
Barcelona
to
Alicante .
Rail
fares are
determined not
only by t he
d i s t ance t rave led ,
but
also by the
kind
of
t r a in
t r ave led
on.
Three kinds
o f
express t r a i n s -
d iese l
TALGOs
and
TERs
and e l e c t r i c
ELTs--charge
a
supplement per
ki lometer in addi t ion to the
regular
fare . TALGOs l i nk
Madrid with o ther
la rge c i t i e s .
ELTs
and TERs which serve
smal le r
c i t i e s as well ,
are
s lower and make more
s tops .
All
th ree
of f e r
f i r s t -
and
second-c lass
sea t ing and
s leeping
accornmodations.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:05_063_Bf_C%C3%B3rdoba_C_%28alt%29,_Personenendwagen_Talgo_200.jpg -
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Telephone ervice
Most t r a i ns are equipped
with
snack ba r
s o r
dining ca rs . By
and l a r g e ,
ra i lway
personnel
speak only Spanish .
uses
n extens ive bus network l e s s expensive
than
ra i lways ,
serves many
places
not access ib le
by t r a in . C i t i e s and l a rg e r towns usua l ly have
depots
used
by
a l l bus companies.
In
hamlets
withou t c e n t r a l depo ts , buses belonging to any
o f seve ra l
companies
may
leave
from
d i f f e r e n t
loca t ions .
Advance
r ese rva t ions are not
requi red .
Planes
Ibe r i a
Ai r l ines , o f f e r i n g both
i n t e rna
t i o n a l
and domest ic
se rv ice , connects Madrid
with a l l
the
major
Spanish
c i t i e s .
This
a i r
l ine ,
which
opera tes
an hour ly
s hu t t l e
between
Madrid
and
Barcelona
a l so
schedules
f requent
f l i gh t s to and with in the Balear ics .
Aviaco
a small i n t e rn a l
company
dup l ica tes and
compliments many
o f I b e r i a s rou tes .
Telephone Service
Telephone ervice
Most t r a i ns are equipped
with
snack ba r
s o r
dining ca rs . By
and l a r g e ,
ra i lway
personnel
speak only Spanish .
uses
n extens ive bus network l e s s expensive
than
ra i lways ,
serves many
places
not access ib le
by t r a in . C i t i e s and l a rg e r towns usua l ly have
depots
used
by
a l l bus companies.
In
hamlets
withou t c e n t r a l depo ts , buses belonging to any
o f seve ra l
companies
may
leave
from
d i f f e r e n t
loca t ions .
Advance
r ese rva t ions are not
requi red .
Planes
Ibe r i a
Ai r l ines , o f f e r i n g both
i n t e rna
t i o n a l
and domest ic
se rv ice , connects Madrid
with a l l
the
major
Spanish
c i t i e s .
This
a i r
l ine ,
which
opera tes
an hour ly
s hu t t l e
between
Madrid
and
Barcelona
a l so
schedules
f requent
f l i gh t s to and with in the Balear ics .
Aviaco
a small i n t e rn a l
company
dup l ica tes and
compliments many
o f I b e r i a s rou tes .
Telephone Service
-
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34/39
Currency
The
bas ic
monetary
un i t of p a ~ n
~ s
the
pese ta (p ta [ s ] ) . Bi l I s
c ~ r c u l a t e
in d e n o m ~ n a -
t i ons o f
100, 500,
1000
and
5000
pesetas .
Coins
are
minted in amounts of pese ta ,
5
pesetas
(cal led
a duro) , 25, 50
and 100 pese tas .
panlsh currency
Always
check the
exchange
ra te before
making
a convers ion. Banks,
which
furnish
cur ren t
f igures
on
currency
f luc tua t ions ,
of f e r
the
most
advantageous t rade . In
c i t i e s
exchange
of f ices cambios) are open long hours but dea l
on unfavorable terms. Hote ls usual ly pay
l e s s
Currency
The
bas ic
monetary
un i t of p a ~ n
~ s
the
pese ta (p ta [ s ] ) . Bi l I s
c ~ r c u l a t e
in d e n o m ~ n a -
t i ons o f
100, 500,
1000
and
5000
pesetas .
Coins
are
minted in amounts of pese ta ,
5
pesetas
(cal led
a duro) , 25, 50
and 100 pese tas .
panlsh currency
Always
check the
exchange
ra te before
making
a convers ion. Banks,
which
furnish
cur ren t
f igures
on
currency
f luc tua t ions ,
of f e r
the
most
advantageous t rade . In
c i t i e s
exchange
of f ices cambios) are open long hours but dea l
on unfavorable terms. Hote ls usual ly pay
l e s s
The Euro entered circulation on Jan 1 2002
Author: Robert KalinaPermission: See: ECB/2003/4 and ECB/2003/5
of 20 March 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EUR_10_obverse_%282002_issue%29.jpg -
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ibliography
Bradford
Sax.
Spain
in the
World.
Princeton:
Van
Nostrand 1962.
Brenan
Gerald.
South
from
Granada.
New
York:
Farra r
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