Spanish grammer book[1]

19
EMA AUGER Grammer Book

Transcript of Spanish grammer book[1]

Page 1: Spanish grammer book[1]

EMA AUGER

Grammer Book

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Table of Contents

Que vs. CualSer- DOCTOR PED Estar- HELPING GustarTransitions Imperfect

TriggersAcabar deFormulas-Hace +

time +que + verbVerbs like gustar ReflexiveTu commands

Affirmative Negative Irregular

DOP +PlacementPreterite

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Qué vs. Cuál

Qué- ThatAlways used when

asking for a definition

Cuál- WhichAlways used in front of

a conjugation of serQué Cuál

¿Qué hora es? ¿Cuál es tu direccion?

¿Qué es un nombre? ¿Cuál es tu nombre?

¿Qué es su novio? ¿Cuál es el problema?

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Ser- DOCTOR PED

DescriptionOriginsCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationshipPossesionEventsDates

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Estar- HELPING

Health- Estoy enferma.Emotions- Estoy triste.Location- Estoy en tu casa.Present condition- Estoy alegre. IN ando, iendoG

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Gustar

Yo Me gusta

Tu Te gusta

El/ella/Ud. Le gusta

Nosotros Nos gusta

Vosotros Os gusta

Ellos/ellas/Uds. Les gusta

Ending of gustar matches the object at the end not the person saying it for instance:Me gustan papas fritas.A ellos les gustas tú. To add empasis or to be specific about the subject of a sentence use the phrase: A subject (form of)gustar.For instance:A mi me gusta jugar deportes.

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Transitions

Pero But

No No

O Or

Ni Nor

También Also

Y And

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Imperfect

When to use:1. Ongoing action2. Repeated action3. No definite beginning or end4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activity

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Imperfect examples

ar er ir

yo Hablaba Comía Escribía

tu Habablas Comías Escribías

él/ella/ud. Hablaba Comía Escribía

Nosotros Hablabámos Comíamos Escribíamos

Vosotros Hablabais Comíais Escribíais

Ellos/ellas/Uds. Hablaban Comían Escribían

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Imperfect Irregulars

ir ser ver

Yo iba era veía

Tu ibas eras veías

él/ella/Ud. iba era veía

Nosotros íbamos éramos veíamos

Vosotros ibais erais veíais

Ellos/ellas/Uds. iban eran veían

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Triggers

Words that tell you when to use an imperfect.Todos los diasA menudoA vecesSiempreCada diaLos lunesGeneralmenteMientrasDe vez en cuandoMuchas vecesFrecuentemente

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Formulas

Hace + time+ que + infinitiveHay + que + infinitiveSe prohibe + infinitiveIr + a + infinitive

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Verbs like gustar

Encantar-to loveMolestar-to botherFaltar-to lack or to missFascinar-to facinateInterestar-to interestImportar-to matterDoler-to hurt

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Reflexive Verbs

The subject is bother the do-er of the action and the receiver of the action.

Can be identified by ending in seExample: Ducharse- Me ducho.

Reflextive Pronouns

Me

Te

Se

Os

Nos

Se

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Affirmative Tú Commands

To tell a friend to do something you simply conjugate a verb to the tú form then drop the s.

Comer -> Comes -> Come

Examples: Come el pan. – Eat the bread Baila. – Dance Grita. - Scream.

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Negative Tú Commands

Used to tell friends and familiars what not to do.

1. Conjugate the verb to the yo form. Ex. Hablo

2. Change the ending to the opposite for example hablar to habler or comer to comar.

Hable

3. Add an s HablesEnd result: No hables.

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Irregular Tú Commands

decir di

hacer haz

ir ve

poner pon

salir sal

ser se

tener ten

venir ven

Examples- Haz la tarea. Do the homework. These irregulars are only used in the affirmative. Negative are conjugated like normal.

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DOP + placement

Direct Object Pronouns take the place of a noun and answer the question what? to a verb.

Add the pronoun to the end of a conjugated affirmative command. Bébelo. –Drink itTo the end of an infinitive Béberlo. – To drink it Or to the end of a present progressive. Bebiéndolo.- Drinking

it.It goes in front of a negative command. No lo bebasWhen you change the syllabication of a verb, add an accent

to the third syllable, the antepenultimate.

Me Nos

Te Os

Lo Los

La Las

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Preterite

A perfected action of the pastA snapshot of the pastBeginning and/or ending

Example: Hablé con mí amiga- I talked with my friend

Ar Er/Ir

Yo é í

Tu aste iste

El/Ella/Usted ó ió

Nosotros amos imos

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

aron ieron