M. R. Zapatero Osorio (LAEFF-INTA, Spain) B. L. Lane (MIT, USA) Ya. Pavlenko (MAO, Ukraine)
SPANISH - GRAMMAR GUIDELINES · Shoemaker Zapatero Store, Shop la tienda What is your favourite...
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BACK TO THE QUESTIONS It is always useful to speak the language when visiting a country, but never let this put you off the Camino - you will always get by! A basic knowledge of Spanish, via evening classes or home-study tapes, will however add enormously to your enjoyment. English is not spoken in rural Spain and is rarely spoken in towns - even in tourist offices. Make an effort to communicate in Spanish and you will be surprised at the progress you make - especially if you carry a small dictionary. Once you reach Galicia you may find that people answer you in Galician ('gallego') which is related to Portuguese. And of course sign language can be hilarious and a good way to break down barriers! SPANISH - GRAMMAR GUIDELINES SPANISH - COMMON PHRASES c soft before e and i, hard otherwise ; 'cerca' (near) is pronounced 'therka' g as for c - guttaral h sound before e and i and a hard g otherwise; 'gigante' (giant) becomes 'higante' h is always silent j has a guttural h sound similar to that of g; 'jamon' (ham) is pronounced 'hamon' ll is easiest to say simply as y, so 'tortilla' (omelette) becomes 'torteeya' n is as in Eng. unless there's a tilda (accent) on it when it is pronounced ny; 'Espana' (Spain) sounds like 'Espanya' qu is pronounced like an Eng. k v sounds more like b; 'vino' sounds like 'beano' z is the same as a soft c; so 'cerveza' (beer) becomes 'thervetha' Vowels are straightforward, but remember, that even when they come together they keep their separate sounds; thus 'real' (royal) is pronounced 'rayahl'. Dictionary don't forget that in Spanish ch, ll, and n count as separate letters and are listed after the cs, ls and ns, respectively. One of the most useful words is 'hay' (pronounced 'aye') which means 'there is'. By changing inflection it becomes 'is there' e.g. 'Hay una playa aqui?' (is there a beach here?); "Hay una habitacion?" ( have you a room?); or even 'Hay pan?' (is there any bread?). Bars often display signs like "Hay gamba.' meaning we have prawns. In shops it is better to use the phrase 'Tiene usted . . ?' - do you have - though it is enough to just say e.g. "Tiene queso?' if you want some cheese, or 'Tiene hora?' if you want the time. Pronouns - 'usted' is you, 'yo' is I , 'nosotros' is we, but are rarely used in the spoken language. Hello pilgrim, have a good pilgrimage! Hola peregrino, buen Camino! Yes Sí No No OK Vale Thank you Gracias Thank you very much Muchas gracias You're welcome De nada Please Por favor Excuse me Discúlpeme Sorry/excuse me perdone Hello Hola/¡Ola!
Transcript of SPANISH - GRAMMAR GUIDELINES · Shoemaker Zapatero Store, Shop la tienda What is your favourite...
BACK TO THE QUESTIONS
It is always useful to speak the language when visiting a country, but never let this put you off the Camino - you will always get by! A basic knowledge of Spanish, via evening classes or home-study tapes, will however add enormously to your enjoyment. English is not spoken in rural Spain and is rarely spoken in towns - even in tourist offices. Make an effort to communicate in Spanish and you will be surprised at the progress you make - especially if you carry a small dictionary. Once you reach Galicia you may find that people answer you in Galician ('gallego') which is related to Portuguese. And of course sign language can be hilarious and a good way to break down barriers!
SPANISH - GRAMMAR GUIDELINES
SPANISH - COMMON PHRASES
c soft before e and i, hard otherwise ; 'cerca' (near) is pronounced 'therka'
g as for c - guttaral h sound before e and i and a hard g otherwise; 'gigante' (giant) becomes 'higante'
h is always silent
j has a guttural h sound similar to that of g; 'jamon' (ham) is pronounced 'hamon'
ll is easiest to say simply as y, so 'tortilla' (omelette) becomes 'torteeya'
n is as in Eng. unless there's a tilda (accent) on it when it is pronounced ny; 'Espana' (Spain) sounds like 'Espanya'
qu is pronounced like an Eng. k
v sounds more like b; 'vino' sounds like 'beano'
z is the same as a soft c; so 'cerveza' (beer) becomes 'thervetha'
Vowels are straightforward, but remember, that even when they come together they keep their separate sounds; thus 'real' (royal) is pronounced 'rayahl'.
Dictionary don't forget that in Spanish ch, ll, and n count as separate letters and are listed after the cs, ls and ns, respectively.
One of the most useful words is 'hay' (pronounced 'aye') which means 'there is'. By changing inflection it becomes 'is there' e.g. 'Hay una playa aqui?' (is there a beach here?); "Hay una habitacion?" ( have you a room?); or even 'Hay pan?' (is there any bread?). Bars often display signs like "Hay gamba.' meaning we have prawns. In shops it is better to use the phrase 'Tiene usted . . ?' - do you have - though it is enough to just say e.g. "Tiene queso?' if you want some cheese, or 'Tiene hora?' if you want the time.
Pronouns - 'usted' is you, 'yo' is I , 'nosotros' is we, but are rarely used in the spoken language.
Hello pilgrim, have a good pilgrimage! Hola peregrino, buen Camino!
Yes Sí
No No
OK Vale
Thank you Gracias
Thank you very much Muchas gracias
You're welcome De nada
Please Por favor
Excuse me Discúlpeme
Sorry/excuse me perdone
Hello Hola/¡Ola!
Welcome Bienvenido
Goodbye Adiós
So long/see you later Hasta luego
Can you help me, please? ¿Puedes ayudarme, por favor?
Good morning Buenos días
Good afternoon Buenas tardes
Good evening Buenas noches
Good night Buenas noches
I do not understand No entiendo
How do you say this in [Spanish]? ¿Cómo se dice esto en [Español]?
Do you speak ... Habla usted ...
English inglés
French francés
German alemán
Spanish español
I Yo
We Nosotros
You singular, familiar Tú
You singular, formal Usted
You plural Ustedes Vosotros
They Ellos (m), Ellas (f)
What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted?/ ¿Cuál es su nombre?
My name is …. Me llamo …
Nice to meet you Encantado de conocerle/mucho gusto
How are you? ¿Cómo estás?/ ¿Qué pasa?
How are things? ¿Qué tal?
Good Bien
I am fine thank you Muy bien gracias
Bad Mal
So so Más o menos, Así así
It is nice weather today Hace buen día
Wife la esposa
Husband el esposo, el marido
Daughter la hija
Son el hijo
Mother la madre
Father el padre
Friend el amigo (m), la amiga (f)
Birthday los cumpleaños
Happy Birthday Feliz cumpleaños
Good night and sleep well Hasta mañana, que descanses
What is your e-mail address? ¿Cuál es tu dirección de correo electrónico?
I love you Te quiero
Can one… Se puede…
I'd like… Quiero…
SPANISH - NUMBERS
I don't know No se
Do you know… Sabe…
Tell me… Digame…
Look mira
Listen oiga
What que
When cuando
Let's go vamos
Okay, that's fine, thanks a lot Vale, muy bien, muchas gracias
That's very kind of you Es muy amable
zero cero
one uno
two dos
three tres
four cuatro
five cinco
six seis
seven siete
eight ocho
nine nueve
ten diez
eleven once
twelve doce
thirteen trece
fourteen catorce
fifteen quince
sixteen dieciséis
seventeen diecisiete
eighteen dieciocho
nineteen diecinueve
twenty veinte
twenty one veintiuno, veinte y uno
thirty treinta
forty cuarenta
fifty cincuenta
sixty sesenta
seventy setenta
eighty ochenta
ninety noventa
one hundred cien
one thousand mil
one million un millón
SPANISH - SHOPPING
SPANISH - FOOD
How much does this cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta? ¿Cuál es el precio?
What is this? ¿Qué es?
I'll buy it Lo compro
I would like to buy… Me gustaría comprar…
Do you have… ¿Tiene usted…?
Do you accept credit cards? ¿Aceptan tarjetas de crédito?
Open Abierto
Closed Cerrado
Post office la oficina de correo/correos
Stamps los sellos, los timbres, las estampillas
(two) stamps (dos) sellos
Postcard la postal
A little Un poco
More mas
A lot mucho
All todo
That eso
This esto
Museum el museo
Bank el banco
Change cambio
Pharmacy, Chemists la farmacia
I have blisters Tengo ampollas
Shoemaker Zapatero
Store, Shop la tienda
What is your favourite meal? ¿Cuál es tu plato preferido?
Would you like to have some coffee? ¿Te apetece un café?
Restaurant el restaurante
Cheers ¡Salud!
Bon appetit ¡Que aproveche!
Breakfast el desayuno
Lunch el almuerzo la comida
Dinner la cena
Vegetarian vegetariano (m) vegetariana (f)
Kosher Conforme al régimen alimenticio judío
Please bring the bill ¿Me trae la cuenta por favor?
What (hot) snacks do you have? ¿Que tapas (de cocina) tienen?
I'd like 2 plates/2 glasses Quiero dos platos (dos vasos)
What's this? Que es esto?
How much is it? Cuanto es?
SPANISH - DIRECTIONS & PLACES
What's this called in Spanish? ¿Como se llama esto español?
Bread el pan
Beverage la bebida
Coffee el café
Tea el té
Milk leche
Juice el jugo, el zumo
Water el agua
Beer la cerveza
Wine el vino
Red Wine vino tinto
Salt la sal
Pepper la pimienta
Meat la carne
Beef la ternera, la carne de vaca, el res
Pork el puerco
Fish el pescado
Poultry las aves
Vegetable las verduras
Fruit la fruta
Potato la patata, la papa
Salad la ensalada
Dessert el postre
Ice cream el helado
Where donde
Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño?
Left la izquierda
Right la derecha
Straight derecho, directo
Up arriba
Down abajo
Far lejos
Near cerca
Here aquí
There alli
Long largo (m), larga (f)
Short corto (m), corta (f)
Map el mapa
Tourist Information Información turística
Street calle
Police station la estación de policía; la comisaría de policía
Hospital el hospital
School la escuela
Church la iglesia
Chapel ermita
Restrooms los baños/ los sanitarios/ los servicios
Ladies damas
Gents caballeros
Square la plaza
Mountain la montaña
Hill la colina
Valley el valle
Ocean el océano
Lake el lago
River el río
Bridge el puente
Park parque
Exit salida
Ticket (to) billete (para)
The train station el estacion de tren/ferrocarriles
Have a good trip Buen viaje
Return ida y vuelta
How do I get to . . . ? ¿Para ir a . . . ?
Where is the bus station? ¿Donde esta el estacion de autobuses?
Where could I get a taxi? ¿Dónde puedo encontrar un taxi?
The bus stop for (Finisterre) la parada del autobus para (Finisterre)
Where does the bus to (Pamplona) leave from?
¿De donde sale el autobus para (Pamplona)?
Is this the train for Burgos? ¿Es este el tren para Burgos?
Stop here please para aqui, por favor
What time does it leave (arrive in Santiago?)
¿A que hora sale (llega en Santiago?)
Where's the road to Astorga? ¿Donde esta la carretera para Astorga?
I'm going to . . . voy a . . .
Where are you going? ¿Donde va ?
Is there a refuge nearby? ¿Hay una refugio cerca?
I'd like a room Quiero una habitación
It's for one person/2 people Es para una persona/dos personas
It's for one night/one week Es para une noche /una semana
It's fine Esta bien
It's no good No esta bien
I'll take it, how much is it? ¿La tomo, cuanto es?
It's very expensive, I won't take it Es muy caro, no la tomo
Have you a cheaper room? ¿Tiene alguna otra casa mas barata?
With a shower (hot/cold) Con ducha (caliente/frio)
Can we camp (near) here? ¿Se puede acampar aqui (cerca)?
I need a dentist/doctor Necesito un dentista/medico
SPANISH - TIME
What time is it? ¿Qué hora es?
Now ahora
later mas tarde
Seven thirteen Son las siete y trece
Three fifteen Son las tres y quince
A quarter past three Son las tres y cuarto
Eleven thirty Son las once treinta [rare]
Half past eleven Son las once y media
One forty-five Es la una cuarenta y cinco
A quarter to two Cuarto para las dos. Las dos menos cuarto.
Day el día
Week la semana
Month el mes
Year el año
Spring la primavera
Summer el verano
Fall, Autumn el otoño
Winter el invierno
Today hoy
Yesterday ayer
Tomorrow mañana
Monday lunes
Tuesday martes
Wednesday miércoles
Thursday jueves
Friday viernes
Saturday sábado
Sunday domingo
January enero
February febrero
March marzo
April abril
May mayo
June junio
July julio
August agosto
September septiembre
October octubre
November noviembre
December diciembre
