Decision Making: The Spanish American WarCrisis in Cuba 1898

The Philippines Crisis 1899

What considerations should guide the development of American foreign policy?

Did America’s emergence as a world power move us closer or further from its founding ideals?

Crisis in Cuba 1898• Read the handout

– Underline important facts– Circle any vocabulary you don’t know

• Fill in the decision-making organizer• Use the decision making organizer to write out your decision.

Your decision should include the following sentences at a minimum:– What is the problem?– What is your goal?– What is your decision?– What is your rationale (reason) for the decision?– What are possible unintended consequences of your decision?

Essential Questions

Activity Focus: Why did the

United States go to war

against Spain in 1898 and why

was the outcome

significant?

Unit Focus: When should

the United States go to

War?

Unit Focus: Did America’s

emergence as a world power

move it close or further away from

its founding ideals?

Unit Focus: What considerations

should guide the development of

American foreign policy?

What are three causes of the

Spanish American War?

GOAL

Crisis in Cuba• April 1898- President ___________

faced a crisis in _____________– Spanish government controlled Cuba

as a _____________– _____________ faced an all-out

rebellion on the island• Cuban rebels were waging a __________

– Rebel soldiers blend in with civilian population

• Inspired by their martyred leader _____________________

Crisis in Cuba

• _________________– In charge of ______________ forces in

Cuba– Moved civilians into

________________________– Many Cubans grew sick and some died

• Summer of ___________– Spain removes _________________– Spain grants Cuba some

_________________

Crisis in Cuba

• February 1898- ____________________

(Spanish ambassador) letter released in

American newspapers– Call President McKinley a

____________________

_________________Explodes in Havana Harbor, Feb. 15, 1898

Sensationalized “________________”

• The more extreme newspapers urged “Remember the Maine! To Hell with _____________!”

• The U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry reported on March 21 that it was _________________ to fix responsibility for the explosion.

Crisis in Cuba Outcomes

• The U.S. declared war and defeated Spain in only six weeks– Winning two naval battles-

Philippines and Cuba– Winning major land battle in Cuba

• U.S. took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines

• Teller Amendment– After U.S. overthrows Spanish rule

in Cuba, it would return control of island to Cubans

Crisis in Cuba Outcomes

• The _________declared war and defeated _____________ in only six weeks– Winning two naval battles- ___________________ and

__________– Winning major land battle in ___________

• U.S. took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines

• ____________________– After U.S. overthrows Spanish rule in Cuba, it would

return control of island to Cubans

Crisis in Cuba Outcomes

• ___________________– Required by American leaders– Gave U.S. the right to send troops to Cuba to

restore order when the U.S. government felt necessary

– U.S. established base at Guantanamo Bay• U.S. kept control of Guam and Puerto Rico

Crisis in Cuba Outcomes• Effects of the War

– More than ________________as many Americans died of disease than of wounds suffered in battle

– Spain was no longer a ____________________ and the U.S. became one

– War established a precedent regarding ________________ and the use of propaganda in U.S.

– __________________________became a war hero• Led ____________________________-

volunteer cavalry regiment composed of ranchers and cowboys

Crisis in Cuba Outcomes• Effects of the War

– U.S. became an imperialist power- took control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and other islands

– Americans felt justified in spreading democracy to Cuba

– Many Cubans resented the Platt Amendment

– After the end of U.S. occupation, Cuban governments became corrupt and inefficient

What are three outcomes of the

Spanish American War?

GOAL

The Philippines Crisis 1899• Read the handout

– Write down any vocabulary you don’t know

• Create and fill in the decision-making organizer in your notes.

Problem Goal(s)   

Alternatives Pros and Cons   

 

   

 

   

 

Unintended Consequences 

 

 

Decision(s) Rationale for Choice   

The Philippines Crisis Outcomes• ______________ fought a

________________ against U.S. forces in which both sides engaged in torture and execution of prisoners

• The war divided the _________________

• U.S. occupation did some ___________• Built roads, hospitals, and bridges• Increased literacy rate from 20% to 50%• English became the dominant language

Emilio Aguinaldo, first president of the Philippine Republic, in 1898

The Philippines Crisis Outcomes• In 1916 U.S. became first Western

power to grant some form of _____________ to a colony

• Rich people dominated the government

• Philippine economy _______________ greatly

• U.S. could not effectively defend the _____________________

• Asian countries began to view U.S. as imperialistic