Spanish-Spanish-American WarAmerican War

Mr. DodsonMr. Dodson

Main IdeaMain Idea

A quick victory in the Spanish-A quick victory in the Spanish-American War confirms the American War confirms the status of the United States as a status of the United States as a world Power, but it left some world Power, but it left some people arguing over how to people arguing over how to govern newly acquired territorygovern newly acquired territory

ObjectivesObjectives

What were the events leading up to What were the events leading up to and following the Spanish-American and following the Spanish-American War?War?

What did the U.S. gain from the war?What did the U.S. gain from the war? What challenges did the U.S. face?What challenges did the U.S. face?

Setting the StageSetting the Stage

By listening to U.S. demands that a By listening to U.S. demands that a dispute between Venezuela and Great dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain be sent to Britain be sent to arbitrationarbitration, the , the United States defended the validity United States defended the validity (truth) of the Monroe Doctrine.(truth) of the Monroe Doctrine.

The United States became involved in The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests.protect American business interests.

Yellow Yellow JournalismJournalism In competition for readers, In competition for readers,

two New York newspapers two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. about the Cuban rebellion. This This yellow journalism yellow journalism – – sensational writing, which sensational writing, which exaggerates news to attract exaggerates news to attract and enrage readers - sold a and enrage readers - sold a lot of papers but had other lot of papers but had other effects as well:effects as well: It whipped up American public It whipped up American public

opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. It led to a burst of national pride and It led to a burst of national pride and

the desire for an aggressive foreign the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as policy, which became known as jingoismjingoism. .

Steps to WarSteps to War1.1. The USS The USS MaineMaine was stationed in was stationed in

Havana harbor to protect U.S. biz.Havana harbor to protect U.S. biz.

2.2. Spanish Ambassador de Lôme Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President McKinley.insulted President McKinley.

3.3. The USS The USS MaineMaine exploded, and the exploded, and the American public blamed Spain.American public blamed Spain.

4.4. Congress recognized Cuban Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force independence and authorized force against Spain.against Spain.

Cuba – Cuba – Remember the MaineRemember the Maine

February 15, 1898February 15, 1898

Huh?Huh?

The USS Maine The USS Maine Exploded in Exploded in

Havana Harbor, Havana Harbor, CubaCuba

This is SpainThis is Spain

The first battle The first battle of the War of the War

occurred in May occurred in May 1898 when the 1898 when the US attacked the US attacked the Spanish Navy in Spanish Navy in the Philippines the Philippines

The US also The US also fought Spain in fought Spain in

CubaCuba

This is the USAThis is the USA

The WarThe War May 1, 1898: The United States launched May 1, 1898: The United States launched

a surprise attack in Manila Baya surprise attack in Manila Bay

In the In the Philippines Philippines and and destroyed destroyed Spain’s Spain’s entire entire Pacific fleet Pacific fleet in seven in seven hours.hours.

The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders The military unit that received the most The military unit that received the most

publicity was the First Volunteer Cavalry, publicity was the First Volunteer Cavalry, known as the known as the Rough RidersRough Riders..

Its leader was Its leader was Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (he (he had just resigned as Assistant secretary had just resigned as Assistant secretary of the Navy) of the Navy)

The Rough Riders were a diverse group The Rough Riders were a diverse group of volunteers that included cowboys, of volunteers that included cowboys, miners, policeman, and rich business miners, policeman, and rich business men.men.

Roosevelt would lead the Rough Riders Roosevelt would lead the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish forces.in a charge against the Spanish forces.

The WarThe War July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough

Riders up Kettle Hill.Riders up Kettle Hill. The Charge of San Juan Hill is The Charge of San Juan Hill is

regarded as the most famous battles regarded as the most famous battles of the Spanish-American War.of the Spanish-American War.

The WarThe War July 3: The United States Navy sank July 3: The United States Navy sank

the remaining Spanish shipsthe remaining Spanish ships

““A Splendid Little War”A Splendid Little War”

3,300 Americans Died (only 400 died 3,300 Americans Died (only 400 died in battle – disease and ‘embalmed in battle – disease and ‘embalmed beef’ did the rest in)beef’ did the rest in)

55,000 Spanish soldiers died – about 55,000 Spanish soldiers died – about 5,000 in battle, the rest died from 5,000 in battle, the rest died from disease.disease.

Spain recognized Cuba’s Spain recognized Cuba’s independence, and the US got independence, and the US got Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for $20 millionfor $20 million

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris The Spanish government recognized The Spanish government recognized

Cuba’s independence.Cuba’s independence. Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam,

and Puerto Rico in return for $20 and Puerto Rico in return for $20 million. The island nations then million. The island nations then became unincorporated territories of became unincorporated territories of the United States.the United States.

New Challenges After New Challenges After WarWar

Dilemma in The PhilippinesDilemma in The Philippines President McKinley’s arguments for President McKinley’s arguments for

annexation:annexation: Filipinos were unfit for self-government.Filipinos were unfit for self-government. Independence would bring anarchy.Independence would bring anarchy. European powers would try to seize the islands.European powers would try to seize the islands.

The Filipinos fought a three-year war for The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence.independence.

The Philippines did not gain complete The Philippines did not gain complete independence until 1946.independence until 1946.

New Challenges After New Challenges After WarWar

The Fate of CubaThe Fate of Cuba President McKinley installed a military President McKinley installed a military

government to protect American business government to protect American business interests.interests.

Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement.allow for U.S. involvement.

The U.S. government only agreed to remove its The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment.Platt Amendment.

The The Platt Amendment Platt Amendment remained in place until remained in place until 1934. It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island 1934. It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary.and intervention whenever necessary.

Other Gains in the PacificOther Gains in the PacificAnnexation of Hawaii Annexation of Hawaii Pineapple planter, Sanford B. Dole, with Pineapple planter, Sanford B. Dole, with

the help of the U.S. Marines overthrew the help of the U.S. Marines overthrew Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii and claimed Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii and claimed it a republicit a republic

The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 under President William McKinleyunder President William McKinley

Hawaii was key for a naval station in the Hawaii was key for a naval station in the Pacific and the U.S. market Pacific and the U.S. market

An Open-Door to ChinaAn Open-Door to China

John Hay (President McKinley’s John Hay (President McKinley’s Secretary of State) persuaded major Secretary of State) persuaded major European powers to keep an “open European powers to keep an “open door” regarding trading with Chinadoor” regarding trading with China

Hay wanted to ensure through his Hay wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy, the U.S. would Open Door Policy, the U.S. would have equal access to the millions of have equal access to the millions of Chinese consumers Chinese consumers

Discussion Question:Discussion Question:

What was (and is) the major reason What was (and is) the major reason behind U.S. foreign intervention?behind U.S. foreign intervention?