The Spanish-American War 1898 “The Splendid Little War”—John Hay.
Spanish American War Events of the War & The Post War Period “A Splendid Little War” ~ Sec. of...
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Transcript of Spanish American War Events of the War & The Post War Period “A Splendid Little War” ~ Sec. of...
Spanish American War
Events of the War & The Post War Period
“A Splendid Little War” ~ Sec. of State John Hay
The War Begins• Theodore Roosevelt –
– Assistant Secretary of the Navy – Cabled Dewey w/ order to attack
Spanish Fleet in Philippines if war broke out
• Manila Bay (May 1, 1898)– Dewey’s squadron of 6 new warships
launches surprise attack– Spanish fleet of 10 destroyed (old,
wooden, rotting)– 400 Spanish Casualties – No U.S. battle casualties (1 from
sunstroke)• Results
– Major U.S. victory– Dewey has to wait for troops before
invasion– With help of Filipino rebels, Manila is
captured in August
TR & the “Rough Riders”
• Theodore Roosevelt – Resigns as Asst. Sec.
of Navy– Organizes “Rag Tag”
Volunteer Regiment– Mostly cowboys, but
some wealthy thrill seekers, convicts, etc.
– Achieved rank of Lt. Colonel
– Bending of rules? glasses
War in Cuba• American fleet set up naval
blockade of Cuba– Spanish fleet of 10 sent (old,
rotting)• U.S. Ground Forces
– Land outside of Santiago– July 1, 1898
• Battle of San Juan Hill– TR & Rough Riders (along
with “Buffalo” Soldiers charged up hill (no horses)
• Battle of El Caney– Both U.S. victories
• Spanish Navy – Caught in Harbor, U.S. sinks
every ship• Puerto Rico
– With victory in sight, US moves to occupy Spanish controlled island
August 12, 1898 – Spanish sign armistice
ending the fighting
Results & Treaty• U.S. Readiness for War– Understaffed,
unorganized, untrained, poorly equipped, not enough food
– BUT – Spanish even less prepared
• U.S. Casualties– 400 in battle– 5,000 to disease
(malaria, typhoid, dysentery, yellow fever)
• Treaty of Paris– Point of Contention –
Philippines– U.S. receives
• Cuban independence• Islands of Guam, Puerto
Rico, and Philippines
– Spain receives:• $20 Million
Puerto Rico, Cuba, & the Philippines After the War
• Puerto Rico– Becomes U.S.
protectorate– Set up civil gov’t
– gradually give more control to Puerto Ricans
– 1917 – given American citizenship
– Statehood in future?
• Cuba– Installed military
gov’t• Helped
modernize nation
– New Constitution (1901)• Platt
Amendment – Gave U.S. a military base (Guantanamo), land restrictions, & more
• Philippines– Annexed by U.S.
• Filipinos thought U.S. would treat them as Cuba
– Jan 23, 1899 • Declared independence
• Emilio Aguinaldo elected President
– Americans send reinforcements• Fighting former allies
• 2 years of harsh guerilla fighting
– March 23, 1901 – rebellion put down after capturing Aguinaldo
Philippines get independence - July
4, 1946
Spanish-American War VS. Iraq War
• What are some similarities or differences between the 2 wars in the time:– Leading up to the War?• How/why we got involved, role of the media, etc.
– During the fighting of the war?• U.S preparedness, success/length of war, etc.
– After the war?• Gains, handling of territories, problems with
occupation, etc.