Spain Builds an Spain Builds an American EmpireAmerican Empire

Chapter 4 Section 1Chapter 4 Section 1

Goals and Objectives:Goals and Objectives:

Upon completion, students Upon completion, students shouldshould be able to: be able to:

1. Describe the voyages of Columbus and 1. Describe the voyages of Columbus and other key explorers.other key explorers.

2. Describe the Spanish conquests of the 2. Describe the Spanish conquests of the Aztecs and the IncaAztecs and the Inca

3. Identify the impacts of Spanish colonization 3. Identify the impacts of Spanish colonization on the indigenous population.on the indigenous population.

4. Trace the level of resistance to Spanish 4. Trace the level of resistance to Spanish rule. by the indigenous population.rule. by the indigenous population.

ColumbusColumbus

Exploration causes the Exploration causes the Spanish to establish colonies Spanish to establish colonies in the Americasin the Americas

First EncountersFirst Encounters

ColumbusColumbus reaches Americas in 1492 reaches Americas in 1492 Thinking he was in the East Indies he Thinking he was in the East Indies he

names the people he encounters names the people he encounters “Los Indios” – Indians“Los Indios” – Indians

Actually landed on an island, most Actually landed on an island, most likely the Bahamaslikely the Bahamas

Where’s the Gold???????Where’s the Gold???????

Unable to find gold, he claims the Unable to find gold, he claims the lands for Spainlands for Spain

1493 – sets out for another voyage to 1493 – sets out for another voyage to the Americas with a larger fleetthe Americas with a larger fleet

Spain sets up Spain sets up coloniescolonies – Lands – Lands controlled by a foreign nationcontrolled by a foreign nation

ExplorationExploration

1500 – Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil 1500 – Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugalfor Portugal

1501 – Amerigo Vespucci identifies South 1501 – Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a continentAmerica as a continent

1507 – German map maker names the 1507 – German map maker names the new continent Americanew continent America

Vasco Nunez be Balboa reaches the pacific Vasco Nunez be Balboa reaches the pacific OceanOcean

1519 – Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the worldaround the world

1522 – Magellan is killed, but some of his 1522 – Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spainmen return to Spain

Spanish Conquer MexicoSpanish Conquer Mexico

ConquistadorsConquistadors• 1519 – 1519 – Hernando CortesHernando Cortes – Spanish – Spanish

adventurer – lands in Mexicoadventurer – lands in Mexico• He and others became known as He and others became known as

conquistadorsconquistadors – Spanish conquerors – Spanish conquerors

Cortes Conquers the AztecsCortes Conquers the Aztecs• Cortez and 600 men reach Aztec capital Cortez and 600 men reach Aztec capital

of Tenochtitlanof Tenochtitlan• By 1521, the conquer Aztec EmpireBy 1521, the conquer Aztec Empire• Superior weapons and disease wipe out Superior weapons and disease wipe out

Aztecs so quicklyAztecs so quickly

Spanish conquer PeruSpanish conquer Peru

Francisco PizzaroFrancisco Pizzaro• Leads force to Peru in in 1532Leads force to Peru in in 1532• Pizzaro kills Pizzaro kills AtahualpaAtahualpa – Inca Ruler – – Inca Ruler –

and defeats the Incaand defeats the Inca

Results of Spanish ConquestResults of Spanish Conquest

Spanish men and Native women have Spanish men and Native women have childrenchildren

Large Large mestizomestizo – mixed Spanish and – mixed Spanish and native – populationnative – population

EncomiendaEncomienda system – Spanish force system – Spanish force natives to work for themnatives to work for them

PortuguesePortuguese

Portuguese settle in Brazil Portuguese settle in Brazil during the 1530’s, begin during the 1530’s, begin growing sugargrowing sugar

Spanish InfluenceSpanish Influence

Conquests bring large wealth to the Conquests bring large wealth to the Spanish and as a result they expand their Spanish and as a result they expand their Navy to protect ships carrying treasureNavy to protect ships carrying treasure

1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida 1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spainfor Spain

1540’s – Francisco Coronado explores 1540’s – Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, finds little goldSouthwest, finds little gold

Catholic priests set up missions in Catholic priests set up missions in SouthwestSouthwest

Early 1600’s, Spanish establish capital of Early 1600’s, Spanish establish capital of Santa FeSanta Fe

Opposition to SpanishOpposition to Spanish

Catholic priests object to treatment of Catholic priests object to treatment of nativesnatives

Spain abolishes Encomienda system in Spain abolishes Encomienda system in 15421542

Need for workers causes African slave Need for workers causes African slave tradetrade

Some native Americans resist Some native Americans resist Spanish conquerorsSpanish conquerors

1680 – Pope’ leads rebellion against 1680 – Pope’ leads rebellion against Spanish in modern New MexicoSpanish in modern New Mexico

Spanish driven out, but return 12 Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stayyears later to stay