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SPAIN BUILDS AN AMERICAN EMPIRE CH.4 SEC.1

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N. America S. America Spain

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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Italian Explorer Italy refused to grant him permission to explore Approached monarchs of Spain (Ferdinand & Isabella) ---trip approved 1492- Set out on voyage to reach Asia by sailing West across the Atlantic Ocean 3 Ships- Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria In search of an alternate trade route to Asia Landed in Caribbean Islands- Bahamas Single voyage would forever link Europe, Africa, and the Americas

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INTERACTION WITH NATIVES Columbus thought he had reached the East Indies (Asia) Greeted the natives & called them los indios- Indian Immediately claimed land for Spain Named it San Salvador- Holy Savior

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COLUMBUS 2 ND VOYAGE Did not find gold on San Salvador Explored/claimed every Island that he came to in search of gold 1493- Returned to Spain Monarchs (Ferdinand & Isabella) were pleased with his findings Agreed to finance 3 more trips Columbian Colonies Sept. 1493- with 17 ships and over 1,000 soldiers Wanted to turn all Caribbean lands into colonies Colonies- Lands controlled by other nations

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OTHER EXPLORERS EMERGE 1500- Pedro Cabral Reaches Brazil Claims it for Portugal Amerigo Vespucci- Italian Explorer for Portugal Sailed along East coast of South America Claimed that these lands were not part of Asia, but a New World German map maker named North/South America in his honor

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FERDINAND MAGELLAN 1519- Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese) Convinced monarch of Spain to fund a voyage to the newly discovered Pacific Ocean 270 men & 5 ships Magellan's Trip Sailed around tip of S. America Sailed for months not seeing anything Finally reached Guam & Philippines Killed during civil war occurring in Philippines Crew Finally returned back to Spain in 1522 1 st people to sail around the world

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CONQUEST OF MEXICO 1519- Hernando Cortes landed on shores of Mexico Cortes and men that followed him were conquistadors (Spanish conquerors) Searching for gold & silver Carved out colonies in Mexico, S. America,& United States Spanish were the 1 st European settlers in the Americas

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THE AZTECS Late 1200s Aztecs arrived in Valley of Mexico from the north Legend- they were told by an Aztec god to search for an eagle sitting on a cactus with a snake in its beak Finally saw this sign @ Lake Texcoco Built Tenochtitlan (ten-o-chee-lan) Present day Mexico City Shifted from hunting to farming Chinampas- man made islands for farming in the lake

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AZTEC EMPIRE Conquering Empire Combo of war victories & alliances helped build a large & wealthy empire for the Aztecs Gulf of Mex. (East) to Pacific Ocean (west) Est. 30 million people

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AZTEC EMPIRE Religion Performed many rituals to please their gods to prevent disasters (flood, drought, etc.) Believed sun god battled each night against the forces of darkness to rise again the next day Performed human sacrifices & offered him the hearts of people for the strength he needed to win (most were prisoners or conquered soldiers) Turned many people outside the Aztec Empire against them when the Spanish arrived

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EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS 9-25-14 1.Which of the following was a Spanish conquistador that landed in Mexico in 1519? A.Francisco Pizarro B.Hernando Cortes C.Christopher Columbus D.Marco Polo

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EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS 9-25-14 2.Which of the following refers to the Western boundary of the Aztec Empire? A.Pacific Ocean B.Caribbean Ocean C.Atlantic Ocean D.Appalachian Mountains

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EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS 9-25-14 3. Which of the following is a reason why the Aztecs performed human sacrifice? A.Because they were cannibals B.Because they were mean C.Prevent against natural disasters D.None of the above

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CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTEC After several weeks Cortes and his men reach the Aztec capital- Tenochtitlan Aztec emperor (Montezuma) was convinced that Cortes was a god Montezuma gave Spanish a share of remaining gold Spanish were not satisfied sickness of heart, only gold would heal Cortes killed several Aztec warriors & chiefs at a religious festival (June 1520) Aztecs drove Spanish out Cortes and his men Cortes returned and defeated Aztecs (Spring 1521) Defeat possible due to guns, cannons, and DISEASE #1 reason of defeat was diseases- killed millions (50- 90%) Also convinced other tribes to fight against the Aztecs

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EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS 9-25-14 4. Which of the following was the Aztec emperor? A.Atahulpa B.Sitting Bull C.Little Feather D.Montezuma

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EXIT SLIP QUESTIONS 9-25-14 5. Which of the following was a reason why the Spanish were able to overtake the Aztecs? A.Guns B.Disease C.Ships D.Both A & B

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INCA EMPIRE Ruled majority of South Americas west coast (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina) Largest Native American empire Road System Created 12,000 miles of roads through mountains & deserts Built bridges over rivers & valleys Dug tunnels through hill sides Farming Built steep terraces to farm on Grew corn, cotton, squash, beans, & potatoes Domesticated llama & Alpaca Used to move military

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PIZARRO DEFEATS INCA 1522- took a small army (200) into Peru, S. America Death Trap Atahualpa- Inca King Brought 30,000 for a meeting with Pizarro Spanish ambushed the Inca & kidnapped Atahualpa Atahualpa offered to fill a room once with gold & twice with silver in exchange for his release Spanish accepted the offer (24 tons/48,000 lbs) Largest ransom in world history Atahualpa given the choice to be burned at the stake or convert to Christianity and be strangled to death He converted to Christianity and was killed Pizarro marched into the capital and captured it without a struggle in 1533

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INCA EMPIRE Medicine Performed surgeries (skull, broken bones, etc.) Cleaned operating tables (antiseptics) Used anesthesia on patients Religion Polytheistic (many gods) Performed ceremonies each month to honor gods

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EXIT SLIP 10-13-14 1.What continent was Pizarro and his men the first Europeans to travel deep into and explore? 2.What types crops did the Inca grow? 3.What animal was used by the Spanish to increase travel time and also in military battles? 4.During the time of the conquistadors, which European country had the largest army? 5. Give ONE example of weapons that the Spanish conquistadors used to defeat the Incas?

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MANKIND STORY OF US EXIT SLIP 10-15-13 1.The Aztecs performed human sacrifice hoping to please the gods to bless them with a good harvest of what crop? 2.How long did Columbus think his trip to China would take him? 3.What was the invisible killer the film referred to that would eventually kill 50-90% of the Native American population? 4.What did Hernan Cortes do to take over the Aztec empire? 5.How many conquistadors did Hernan Cortes take with him to take over the Aztec Empire?

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SPAINS PATTERN Spain conquered and lived amongst people that they conquered Relationships with Spanish men and native women were common Metizo- mixed Spanish and native population created Most natives were placed on huge farms, ranches, and mines to work as slaves Were often abused and worked to death

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PORTUGAL TAKES BRAZIL 1500- Pedro Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal Found little gold & silver Began growing sugar- highly profitable/demanded in Europe Cleared forest land to build giant sugar plantations

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BRAZIL

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SPAIN EXPANDS American colonies made Spain most powerful nation in the world during the 16 th century (1700s) Built up military- especially navy to protect ships For 150 years they seldom lost a battle Pushing North Started settling in parts of present day United States Ponce de Leon- 1513 landed in Florida & claimed it for Spain Searching for fountain of youth Explorers traveled through the American Western/SW lands looking for another empire to conquer AZ, NM, TX, OK, & KS all belonged to Spain

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OPPOSITION TO SPANISH Spanish government abolished encomienda system in1542 Natives not made slaves on farms/mines anymore Suggested that African labor was more valuable than 4 indians working Natives often revolted against Spanish in all regions of the Americans due to harsh treatments they imposed Spains biggest concern nearing the end of the 17 th century was other European countries establishing colonies in the Americas