• October 4, 1957

• Sputnik 1 – the first

artificial satellite

• Sputnik means satellite

in Russian. It was shaped

like a sphere and had four

radiating radio antennae.

• November 03, 1957

• Russian send a dog to the space

named LAIKA

• Sputnik II .

• Laika (whose name means “barker”)

was a 3

year-old mongrel stray wandering the

streets

of Moscow when she was picked up

and

taken to a secret Soviet space

laboratory.

• January 31, 1958

• the exploration of America ( Explorer I )

• first U.S artificial satellite

• October 28, 1958

• the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration was

created

• an agency of the United States

government

that is created by an act of

Congress and is

independent of the executive

departments

• March 03, 1959

• first U.S lunar probe and missed

moon

by 37, 3oo miles ( Pioneer 4)

• Pioneer 4 did provide extensive and

valuable

data on radiation and the tracking

of space

objects.

• August 7, 1959

• returned first television photo of Earth

• Explorer 6

• April 1, 1960

• first weather satellite was launched

• transmitted 22 952 cloud picture

• Tiros I

• August 10, 1960

• first payload is carried to be recovered

from orbit

• Discoverer 13

• Lichtenberg was the first Payload specialist.

Manned Space Flight

Vostok 1April 12, 19611:48Y. Gagarin

First manned spaceflight, one orbit the Earth.

Vostok 3August 11, 1962

94:25

A. Nikolayer

First dual space mission, spacecraft passed within 4 feet of each other.

Soviet Union

Vostok 4August 12, 196270:59P. Popovich

Popovich. Joint flight with Vostok 3. Problems with life support system, resulted in cabin temperature dropping to 10 deg C. Returned to earth a day early due to communications secret code mix-up. First Ukrainian astronaut.

Vostok 6June 16, 196370:50V. Tereshkova Vostok 6 was a historic spaceflight made by the Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. She was the first woman in space and the first civilian in space. Prior to her flight, only military personal had been launched by any country.

Voskhod 1October 12, 1964

24:17

V. Komarov, K. Feov, B. Yegorov

First spacecraft with mulktistotiman crew.

Voskhod 2March 18, 1965

26:02

P. Belyayev, A. Leonov

Belyayev, Leonov. First space walk. Speed and

altitude records.

United States

Mercury 3May 15, 19610:15A. ShepardFirst ma American in space ( Subortial Flight)

Mercury 6 February 20, 19624:55J. Glenn First American orbit the Earth.

Gemini 3March 23, 19624:53V. Grissom, J. Young First American multiman crew.

Gemini 4June 3, 196597:56J. McDivitt, E. White White first American spacewalker.

Gemini 7December 4, 1965

330:35

F. Berman, J. Lovell

First United States Space rendezvouz ( with Gemini 6)

Gemini 6December 15, 1965

25:51

W. Schirra, T. Stafford

Rendezvoused within 1 foot of Gemini 7

Unmanned Satellite and Space Probes United States

Ranger 4April23, 1962

First United States lunar probe to reach the moon, crashed.

Sncom 2July 26, 1963

First synchronous – orbit communication satellite.

Ranger 7July 28, 1964

Took first close-up photographs of lunar surface.

Mariner 4November 28, 1964

First successful mars probe; returned 21 pictures.

Other Nations

Ariel 1April 26, 1962

First international satellite, made in england launched by united states.

Alouette 1September 28, 1962

Frist Canadian satellite; launched by United States.

San Marco 1Decembe 15, 1964

Frist Italian satellite; launched by united states.

A1November 26, 1965

Frist french satellite.

Ranger 7July 28, 1964

Took first close-up photographs of lunar surface.

First soft landing on the Moon, by Luna 9 (USSR). - Russian

probe Venus 3 lands on Venus, though contact had been lost. -

First circum-lunar probe, 3600-lb Luna 10 (USSR). - First

American soft-landing on the Moon (Surveyor 1) Improved

close-range photographs of the Moon from 846-lb Orbiter 1

NASA.

Luna 9 (E-6 series, N.13)

was an unmanned space

mission of the Soviet Union's

Luna program. On February

3, 1966 the Luna 9

spacecraft was the first

spacecraft to achieve a soft

landing on the Moon, or any

planetary body other than

Earth, and to transmit

photographic data to Earth.

Luna 10

The Luna 10 spacecraft was

launched towards the Moon from

an Earth orbiting platform on

March 31, 1966. The spacecraft

entered lunar orbit on April 3,

1966 and completed its first orbit

3 hours later (on April 4, Moscow

time). After a midcourse

correction on 1 April, Luna 10,

the second of two hastily

prepared Soviet Ye-6S probes

(that is, the backup), successfully

entered lunar orbit two days later

at 18:44 UT.

Surveyor 1 was the first lunar soft-lander

in the unmanned Surveyor program of the

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA, United States). This

lunar soft-lander gathered data about the

lunar surface that would be needed for

the manned Apollo Moon landings that

began in 1969. The successful soft landing

of Surveyor 1 on the Ocean of Storms was

the first one by an American space probe

onto any extraterrestrial body, and it

occurred just four months after the first

Moon landing by the Soviet Union's Luna 9

probe.

Surveyor 1 was launched May 30, 1966,

from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

at Cape Canaveral, Florida, and it landed

on the Moon on June 2, 1966. Surveyor 1

transmitted 11,237 still photos of the

lunar surface to the Earth by using a

television camera and a sophisticated

radio-telemetry system.

Disaster at Cape Kennedy, resulting in the deaths of three

astronauts. - Death of Colonel Komarov in Soyuz 1 due to

parachute failure. - First soft-landing on Venus by (USSR). - First

chemical analysis of lunar soil by NASA 619-lb Surveyor 5.

Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1)

was a manned spaceflight of the

Soviet space program. Launched into

orbit on April 23, 1967 carrying

cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov,

Soyuz 1 was the first flight of the

Soyuz spacecraft. The mission plan

was complex, involving a rendezvous

with Soyuz 2, swapping crew

members before returning to Earth.

Soyuz 1 was plagued with technical

issues, and Komarov was killed when

the spacecraft crashed during its

return to Earth. This was the first in-

flight fatality in the history of

spaceflight.

Surveyor 5 was the fifth lunar

lander of the American

unmanned Surveyor program sent

to explore the surface of the

Moon.

Launched September 8, 1967;

landed September 11, 1967

Weight on landing: 303 kg

(668 lb)

Surveyor 5 landed on Mare

Tranquillitatis. A total of 19,049

images were transmitted to

Earth.

Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188

Kosmos 186 (Russian: Космос-186 meaning Cosmos 186) and Kosmos

188 (respectively, Cosmos 188) were two unmanned Soviet spacecraft

that incorporated a Soyuz programme descent module for landing

scientific instruments and test objects. The two Soviet spacecraft

made the first fully automated space docking in the history of space

exploration on October 30, 1967. Mutual search, approach, mooring,

and docking were automatically performed by the IGLA-system on

board Kosmos 186. After 3.5 h of joint flight, the satellites parted on a

command sent from the earth and continued to orbit separately. Both

made a soft landing in a predetermined region of the Soviet Union -

Kosmos 186 on October 31, 1967 and Kosmos 188 on November 2,

1967.

Testing of the American Saturn 5 rocket (Project Apollo). - First

recovery of circum-lunar probe, Zond 5 which had animals

aboard, (USSR). - First manned Apollo flight: Apollo 7 (Schirra,

Cunningham, Eisele). - First flight round the Moon: Apollo 8

(Borman, Lovell, Anders). - NASA OAO 2 orbiting astronomical

observatory (4436-lb).

Zond 5, a formal member of the

Soviet Zond program and

unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-

L1 manned moon-flyby

spacecraft, was launched by a

Proton-K carrier rocket with a

Blok D upper stage to make

scientific studies during a lunar

flyby and to return to Earth.

Zond-5 became the first

spacecraft to circle the Moon

and return to land on Earth. On

September 18, 1968, the

spacecraft flew around the

Moon. The closest distance was

1,950 km..

First Russian manned docking maneuver (Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5). -

First space testing of the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (McDivitt,

Scott, Schweickart). - Further soft-landings of unmanned probes

on Venus: Venus 5 and Venus 6 (USSR)(Stafford, Cernan, Young).

- July 21 First men on the moon in Apollo 11 (Armstrong and

Aldrin: Collins in orbit) returning 48-lbs of lunar samples from

Mare Tranquillitatis. - Further probes sent past Mars: Mariner 6

and Mariner 7 (USA).

Soyuz 4 (Russian: Союз 4, Union

4) was launched on January 14,

1969. On board the Soyuz 7K-OK

spacecraft was cosmonaut

Vladimir Shatalov on his first

flight. The aim of the mission

was to dock with Soyuz 5,

transfer two crew members from

that spacecraft, and return to

Earth. The previous three Soyuz

flights were also dock attempts

but all had failed for various

reasons.

The radio call sign of the crew

was Amur, while Soyuz 5 was

Baikal. This referred to the

trans-Siberian railway project

called the Baikal-Amur Mainline,

which was under construction at

the time.

Soyuz 5 (Russian: Союз 5, Union 5) was a

Soyuz mission using the Soyuz 7K-OK

spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on

January 15, 1969, which docked with Soyuz

4 in orbit. It was the first-ever docking of

two manned spacecraft of any nation, and

the first-ever transfer of crew from one

space vehicle to another of any nation, the

only time a transfer was accomplished with

a space walk – two months before the US

Apollo 9 performed the first ever internal

crew transfer.

The flight was also memorable for its

dramatic re-entry. The craft's service

module did not separate, so it entered the

atmosphere nose-first, leaving cosmonaut

Boris Volynov hanging by his restraining

straps. As the craft aerobraked, the

atmosphere burned through the module.

But the craft righted itself before the

escape hatch was burned through.

First Japanese Earth orbiter, 58-lb Lambda. - First Chinese Earth

orbiter (386-lbs). - Soviet unmanned Luna returned 3-5 oz of

lunar soil after soft landing in Mare Fecunditatis. - First

unmanned lunar vehicle, Lunokhod 1, soft-landed by Soviet Luna

17 for ii-months' operation in Mare Imbrium. - X-ray survey of the

sky started by NASA-Italian 320-lb Explorer 42 (Uhuru-). - France

launched Earth orbiter.

Luna 16 (Ye-8-5 series) was an

unmanned space mission, part of the

Soviet Luna program.

Luna 16 was the first robotic probe to

land on the Moon and return a sample

of lunar soil to Earth. It represented the

first lunar sample return mission by the

Soviet Union, and was the third lunar

sample return mission overall, following

the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions.

The spacecraft consisted of two

attached stages, an ascent stage

mounted on top of a descent stage. The

descent stage was a cylindrical body

with four protruding landing legs, fuel

tanks, a landing radar, and a dual

descent engine complex. The Luna 16

automatic station was launched toward

the Moon from a preliminary Earth orbit

and after one mid-course correction on

13 September it entered a circular

111km with 70° inclination lunar orbit

on 17 September 1970.

Lunokhod 1 was the first of two

unmanned lunar rovers landed on

the Moon by the Soviet Union as

part of its Lunokhod program.

The spacecraft which carried

Lunokhod 1 was named Luna 17.

Lunokhod was the first roving

remote-controlled robot to land

on another celestial body. Luna

17 was launched on November

10, 1970 at 14:44:01 UTC. After

reaching earth parking orbit, the

final stage of Luna 17's launching

rocket fired to place it into a

trajectory towards the Moon

(1970-11-10 at 14:54 UTC). After

two course correction maneuvers

(on November 12 and 14), it

entered lunar orbit on November

15, 1970 at 22:00 UTC.

The Venera 7, was a Soviet

spacecraft, part of the Venera

series of probes to Venus. When

it landed on the Venusian

surface, it became the first

man-made spacecraft to land

successfully on another planet,

and to transmit data from there

back to Earth.

The probe was launched from

earth on August 17, 1970 at

05:38 UTC. It consisted of an

interplanetary bus based on the

3MV system and a lander. During

the flight to Venus two in course

corrections were made using the

bus's on-board KDU-414 engine.

It entered the atmosphere of

Venus on December 15, 1970.

Space

craft

Date

Launched

Remarks

Pioneer

10

March 3,

1972

launched on an Atlas/Centaur/TE364-4

towards Jupiter by the U.S., designed to

familiarize alien life with humans. It

returns the first close-up images of

Jupiter in 1973.

OAO-C August 21,

1972

Earth satellite to observe stars; last of

Orbiting Astronomical Observatories.

Pioneer

11

April 5, 1973 launched for flying past Jupiter in 1974,

and Saturn in 1979, where it discovers

new rings.

Mariner 9, May 30,

1971

which becomes the first spacecraft to

survey Mars from orbit.

Mariner 9

OAO-C

Space craft Date

Launched

Remarks

Mariner 10 November 3,

1973

launched, on the first dual-planet

mission. Over the next year, it

returned photographs of Venus

and Mercury.

Viking 1

Viking 2

August 20,

1975

September 9,

1975

Twin Mars probes, both placed

landing vehicles on Mars that

transmitted photographs and

other data; neither confirmed nor

absolutely ruled out existence of

life in the planet.

GOES 1 October 16,

1975

First in series of Geostationary

Operational Environmental

Satellites for meteorologic data.

Mariner 10

Viking 2

Viking 1

GOES 1

Space

craft

Date

Launched

Remarks

Mars 2 May 19, 1971 Mars probe; instrument package

first man-made object to land on

Mars.

Venera

9 and 1

0

June 8, 1975

June 14,

1975

Twin Venus probes; both

deployed descent capsules that

returned data, including the first

photographs taken on the surface

of another planet.

Mars 2

Venera 10

Venera 9

Space

craft

Date

Launched

Remarks

Prospero October 28,

1971

First all-British satellite

Helios 1 December

10, 1974

Joint solar probe by

West Germany and

United States, closest

approach to sun to

date.

Space

craft

Manned

space crew

Date

launched

Duration Remarks

Apollo 14 Alan Shepard,

Stuart Roosa ,

Edgar Mitchell

January 31,

1971moon mission,

Shepard becomes the

first man to hit a golf

ball on the moon

Apollo

15

David Scott ,

James Irwin

and A.

Warden

July 26,

1971

295:12 the first moon rover

Apollo 17 E. Cerman,

R. Evans,

Harrison

Schmitt

December 7,

1972

301:52 Last Apollo moon

landing

Skylab 2 C. Conrad,

J. Kerwin,

P. Weitz

May 25, 1973 28 days First crew to occupy

Skylab1; Set new

endurance record.

Apollo

Space

craft

Manned

space crew

Date

launched

Duration Remarks

Skylab 3 A. Bean, J.

Lousma, D.

Garriott

July

28,1973

59 days Second crew to occupy

Skylab1; Set new

endurance record.

Skylab

4

G. Carr,

W. Pogne,

E. Gibson

November

16, 1973

84 days Last Skylab mission,

Carr made record

single space walk of

seven hours; crew set

endurance record.

Apollo

(18)

V. Brand,

T. Stafford

D. Slayton

July 15,

1975

9 days First docking of two

space craft from

different nations ( with

Soviet Soyuz 19)

Skylab

Soyuz

Salyut 1

Space Flight Timeline(1975-1980)

To study the

outer Solar

System and

interstellar

medium. Operating

for 35 years,

7 months, and 22

days as of 27 April

2013, the spacecraft

receives

routine commands

and transmits data

back to the

Deep Space Network.

• The Pioneer Venus 1

(also known as the

Pioneer Venus orbiter)

was the first of a two-

spacecraft orbiter-

probe combination

designed to conduct a

comprehensive

investigation of the

atmosphere of Venus.

April 12, 1981 - The first

manned mission of the Space

Transportation System (STS-1),

Columbia , is launched.

Crippen Awarded Space

Medal of Honor

Bob Crippen, pilot on the first

shuttle mission in 1981, has

been honored with the

nation's highest award for

spaceflight achievement, the

Congressional Space Medal of

Honor.

June 19, 1981 - The European

Space Agency launches its third

Ariane rocket.

Ariane 1 was the first rocket in

the Ariane launcher family. Ariane

1 was designed primarily to put

two telecommunications satellites

at a time into orbit, thus reducing

costs. As the size of satellites

grew, Ariane 1 gave way to the

more powerful Ariane 2and Ariane

3 launchers.[

March 1, 1982 - Venera 13

lands on Venus, and

provides the first Venusian

soil analysis.

The sample was determined

to be leucite basalt, a rare

rock type on the Earth.

March 1, 1982 - Venera 13

lands on Venus, and

provides the first Venusian

soil analysis.

The sample was determined

to be leucite basalt, a rare

rock type on the Earth.

November 11, 1982 - The

space shuttle Columbia's

fifth mission, its first

operational one, begins,

deploying two satellites.

Crew: Vance Brand, Robert

Overmyer, Joseph Allen, and

William Lenoir.

June 19, 1983 - Sally K.

Ride is the first U.S. woman

to travel in space, on

Challenger mission STS-7.

October 10, 1983 -

Soviet Venera 15

returns the first high-

resolution images of

the Venus polar area,

and compiled a

thermal map of most

of the northern

hemisphere.

January-November,

1983 - The Infrared

Astronomical

Satellite finds new

comets, asteroids,

galaxies, and a dust

ring around the star

Vega that may be

new planets.

July 17, 1984 - launch of

Soyuz-T 12 carrying

Svetlana Savitskaya, who

becomes the first woman

to walk in space.

August 30, 1984 - The

third space shuttle,

Discovery, lifts off on it's

maiden voyage (STS-

41D). Crew: Henry W.

Hartsfield, Michael L.

Coats, Richard Mullane,

Steven Hawley, Judith A.

Resnik, and Charles D.

Walker.

December, 1984 -

Soviet/International Vega

1 & 2 are launched,

dropping probes into

Venus' atmosphere before

continuing to Halley's

Comet.

January 8, 1985 - The

Sakigake probe is launched

by Japan's Institute of

Space and Aeronautical

Science, becoming the first

interplanetary probe as it

rendezvous with Halley's

Comet.

July 2, 1985 - The

European Space Agency

launches the Giotto

spacecraft from an Ariane

rocket. It encounters

Halley's Comet in 1986, and

Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup

in 1992.

October 3, 1985 - The

fourth space shuttle

Atlantis takes off on its

first mission (STS-51J).

Crew: Karol J. Bobko,

Ronald J. Grabe, Robert A.

Stewart, David C. Hilmers,

and William A. Pailes.

October 1985 - Spacelab

D1, the first joint

German/ESA mission, is

flown. Its crew consists

of two German DARA

astronauts, and Danish

Wubbo Ockels of the ESA.

1986-1990

Magellan

May 4, 1989

The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a 1,035-kilogram (2,280 lb) robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus using Synthetic Aperture Radar and measure the planetary gravity. It was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle

Galileo

October 18, 1989

Galileo was an unmanned NASA spacecraft which studied the planet Jupiterand its moons, as well as several other solar system bodies. Named after Renaissance astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and entry probe. It was launched on October 18, 1989, carried by Space Shuttle Atlantisonthe STS-34 mission. Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, aftergravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter.

April 24, 1990

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared. The telescope is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble.

This 1995 Hubble Space

Telescope image of the

'Pillars of Creation' is

probably the most famous

astronomical image of the

20th Century. Taken in visible

light using a combination of

SII/H-alpha and OIII filters, it

shows a part of the Eagle

Nebula where new stars are

forming. The tallest pillar is

around 4 light-years high.

Ulysses is a decommissioned robotic space probe that was designed to study the Sun as a joint venture of NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). Thespacecraft was originally named Odysseus, because of its lengthy and indirect trajectory to near Solar distance. The spacecraft's mission was to study the Sun at all latitudes. To do this required a major orbital plane shift.

The Phobos (RussianFobos, Greek:Φόβος) program was anunmannedspace mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. Phobos 1 was launched on July 7, 1988, and Phobos 2 on July 12, 1988, each aboard aProton-K rocket. Phobos 1 suffered a terminal failure en route to Mars. Phobos 2 attained Mars orbit and returned 38 images with a resolution of up to 40 meters, but contact was lost prior to deployment of a planned Phoboslander.

Earth-resources mapping satellite launch by

France: highest solution civilian remote

sensing satellite.

F. Scobee et.al.

First united states in flight disaster;

challenger exploded 73 seconds after lift off

as the result of a fault rocket booster seal.

1986 - Europe - Halley's Comet - Success - Giotto flyby

1987 - Japan - Earth - Success - Launch of the Ginga X-ray satellite (ASTRO-C)

1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Phobos 1 orbiter and lander

1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Partial Failure - Phobos 2 flyby and lander

1989 - USA - Venus - Success - Magellan orbiter launched which mapped 99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)

1989 - USA - Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/Jupiter - Success -Galileo flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe

1989 - USA - Neptune - Success - Voyager 2 sends back images of Neptune and its system

1989 - Europe - Earth - Success - Launch of the Hipparcos satellite

1989 - USA - Earth - Success - Launch of the COBE satellite

1989 - Soviet Union - Earth - Success - Launch of the Granat gamma-ray and X-ray satellite

[edit]1990s

1990 - USA/ Europe - Sun - Success - Ulysses solar flyby

1990 - Japan - Moon - Success - Hiten probe, this was the first non-United States or USSR probe to reach the Moon

1990 - USA/ Europe - Success - Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope

1990 - Germany - Success - Launch of the ROSAT X-ray satellite to conduct the first imaging X-ray sky survey

UARS is a science satellite

used from 1991 to 2005 to

study Earth's atmosphere,

including the ozone layer.

Planned for a three-year

mission, it proved much more

durable, allowing extended

observation from its

instrument suite. It was

launched aboard Space Shuttle

Discovery and deployed into

space from the payload bay

with its robotic arm, under

guidance from the crew

Mars Pathfinder on Mars

NASA's Discovery Program (as compared to New Frontiers, Explorers, or Flagship Programs) is a series of lower-cost, highly-focused American scientific space missions that are exploring the Solar System.

It was founded in 1992 to implement then-NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin’s vision of "faster, better, cheaper" planetary missions

Mars Observer

Launch: Sept. 25, 1992

After a 17-year gap since

its last mission to the red

planet, the United States

launched Mars Observer on

September 25, 1992.

The spacecraft was based

on a commercial Earth-

orbiting communications

satellite that had been

converted into an orbiter

for Mars.

December 2, 1993 -

Space

Shuttle Endeavour la

unches on STS-61,

making the first on-

orbit service of

the Hubble Space

Telescope (HST).

Clementine (officially called the

Deep Space Program Science

Experiment (DSPSE)) was a joint

space project between

the Ballistic Missile Defense

Organization(BMDO, previously

the Strategic Defense Initiative

Organization, or SDIO) and

NASA.

Launched on January 25, 1994,

the objective of the mission was

to test sensors and spacecraft

components under extended

exposure to the space

environment and to make

scientific observations of

the Moon and the near-Earth

asteroid 1620 Geographos.

February 6, 1995 - Space

shuttle Discovery maneuvers to within 37 feet of

Russian space station Mir, in preparation for a

shuttle-Mir docking (STS-63). This is the first

shuttle mission to be flown by a female pilot.

March 22, 1995 - Cosmonaut Valeriy Polyakov

returns to Earth after a 438-day mission aboard

Russian space station Mir, setting a new space

endurance record.

(1996 – 2000)

December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a Delta II

booster a month after the Mars Global Surveyor was

launched, it landed on July 4, 1997 on Mars's Ares Vallis,

in a region called Chryse Planitia in the Oxia Palus

quadrangle.

Delta II is an American space

launch system, originally designed

and built by McDonnell Douglas.

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was

a US spacecraft developed by NASA's

Jet Propulsion Laboratory and

launched November 1996

July 15, 2000 - the CHAMP satellite was launched

with a Russian COSMOS launch vehicle.

Challenging Mini Satellite Payload

1997

- Robotic Mars

rover named Sojourner

explored Mars for

around three months.

July 8, 2000 – International space station

established.

International Space Station (ISS) is

the largest artificial body in orbit, it

can often be seen at the appropriate

time with the naked eye from Earth

12 February 2001 - NEAR Shoemaker made its first landing

on an asteroid, 433 Eros.

4 January 2004 - Spirit rover was made as a free ranging Mars

rover.

25 January 2004 - Opportunity rover (Free ranging

Mars rover)

1 July 2004 - Cassini–Huygens was the first to orbit

Saturn.

14 January 2005 - Cassini–Huygens made its first

landing on Titan (the largest moon on Saturn).

19 November 2005 – Hayabusa made its first asteroid

ascent (25143 Itokawa - Mars and Apollo crosser

asteroid) and its first interplanetary escape without

undercarriage cutoff

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

New Horizons

Mission type Flyby

Launch date 2006-01-19 19:00:00 UTC (7 years,

3 months, and 10 days elapsed)

Launch vehicle Atlas V 551

Launch site Launch Complex 41

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

Mission duration In transit (Pluto)

(7 years, 3 months, and 10 days

elapsed)

APL flyby

(completed 2006-06-13)

Jupiter flyby

(completed 2007-02-28)

Flyby of APL, Jupiter, Plutoand its moons

(Charon, Hydra, Nix,S/2011 P 1,

and S/2012 P 1)

Flyby date 2015-07-14 (projected)

Inclination negligible as of 2010

space mission led by the French Space Agency (CNES)

The mission's two objectives are to search for extrasolar planets with

short orbital periods, particularly those of large terrestrial size, and to

perform asteroseismology by measuring solar-like oscillations in stars

It was launched at 14:28:00 UTC on 27 December 2006, atop a Soyuz

2.1bcarrier rocket, reporting first light on 18 January 2007

on 2 February 2007, started to collect science data.

COROT is the first spacecraft dedicated to the detection of transiting

extrasolar planets, opening the way for more advanced probes such

as Kepler and possibly TESS and PLATO.

o was a robotic spacecraft on a space

exploration mission on Mars under

the Mars Scout Program.

oPhoenix lander descended on Mars on

May 25, 2008.

oThe lander completed its mission in

August 2008, and made a last brief

communication with Earth on November

2 as available solar power dropped with

the Martian winter.

oThe program was considered a success

because it completed all planned science

experiments and observations.

Better known in Japan as KAGUYA( moon

princess)

was the

second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft.

the spacecraft was launched on September

14, 2007

After successfully orbiting the moon for a

year and eight months, the main orbiter was

instructed to impact on the lunar surface

near the crater Gill at 18:25 UTC on June

10, 2009

is a robotic NASA spacecraft tasked with the

exploration and study of Vesta and Ceres, the two

largest members of the asteroid belt.

Launched on September 27, 2007, the probe entered

orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011

Dawn left Vesta on September 5, 2012, on a course

for Ceres, which it is scheduled to reach in February

2015.

Dawn is NASA’s first purely exploratory mission to

use ion propulsion.

Dawn was the first spacecraft to visit Vesta, and is

scheduled to be the first to visit Ceres. If it

successfully reaches Ceres, it will also be the first

spacecraft to orbit two separate extraterrestrial

bodies,[8] using ion thrusters to travel between its

targets.

was an unmanned Chinese lunar-orbiting spacecraft, part of the first phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.

The spacecraft was named after the Chinese Moon goddess, Chang'e.

Chang'e 1 was launched on 24 October 2007 at 10:05:04 UTC from Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

The first picture of the Moon was relayed on 26 November 2007. On 12 November 2008, a map of the entire lunar surface was released, produced from data collected by Chang'e 1 between November 2007 and July 2008.

Data gathered by Chang'e 1 was able to create the most accurate and highest resolution 3-D map ever created of the lunar surface.

Chang'e 1 is the first lunar probe to conduct passive, multi-channel, microwave remote sensing of the moon by using a microwave radiator.

On 1 March 2009, at 08:13:10 UTC, Chang'e 1 crashed onto the surface of the Moon, ending its mission.

•a NASA satellite that is making a map of the boundary

between the Solar System and interstellar space.

•The mission is part of NASA's Small Explorer program

and launched with a Pegasus-XL rocket on October 19,

2008, at 17:47:23 UTC.

•Results from IBEX have repeatedly shocked the

scientific community and overturned old theories. The

first shock came when it revealed a narrow ribbon

of energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission.

•The nominal mission baseline duration was two years

to observe the entire solar system boundary. This was

completed by 2011 and its mission was extended to

2013 to continue observations.

•IBEX is collecting Energetic neutral atom(ENA)

emissions that are traveling through the solar system to

Earth that cannot be measured by conventional

telescopes.

Planck is a space observatory of

the European Space Agency (ESA) and

designed to observe the anisotropies of

the cosmic microwave background (CMB)

over the entire sky, at microwave and

infra-red frequencies with high sensitivity

and small angular resolution.

Planck was launched in May 2009, reaching

the Earth/Sun L2 point in July, and by

February 2010 had successfully started a

second all-sky survey.

On 21 March 2013, the mission's all-sky map

of the cosmic microwave background was

released.

Planck provides a major source of

information relevant to several

cosmological and astrophysical issues, such

as testing theories of the early universe

and the origin of cosmic structure.

Herschel Space Observatory is a European Space

Agency space observatory sensitive to the far

infrared and submillimetre wavebands (55-672 µm).

The observatory was carried into orbit in May 2009,

reaching the second Lagrangian point (L2) of

the Earth-Sun system, 1,500,000 kilometres

(930,000 mi) from the Earth, about two months

later.

Herschel is named after Sir William Herschel, the

discoverer of theinfrared spectrum and

planet Uranus, and his sister and

collaborator Caroline Hersche.

The Herschel Observatory is capable of seeing the

coldest and dustiest objects in space; for example,

cool cocoons where stars form and dusty galaxies

just starting to bulk up with new stars.

was Iran's first domestically

made satellite.

Omid is a data-processing satellite for

research and telecommunications, Iran's

state television reported that it was

successfully launched on 2 February

2009.

Omid was reported to have successfully

completed its mission without any

problems. It completed more than 700

orbits over seven weeks.

According to U.S. Strategic Command,

the Omid satellite reentered Earth's

atmosphere on April 25, 2009, during an

8-hour window centered on 0342 UT.

Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named for the 17th-century astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on 7 March 2009.

The Kepler observatory is "specifically designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover dozens of Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone and determine how many of the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets“

The Kepler observatory is currently in active operation, with the first main results announced on 4 January 2010. As expected, the initial discoveries were all short-period planets. As the mission continued, additional longer-period candidates were found. A new candidate, announced on 7 January 2013, is Kepler-69c(formerly, KOI-172.02), an Earth-likeexoplanet orbiting a star similar to our Sun in the habitable zone and possibly a "prime candidate to hostalien life"

In April 2013, a white dwarf star was discovered bending the light of its companion red dwarf star in the KOI-256 star system.

In April 2013, NASA announced the discovery of three new Earth-like exoplanets – Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, and Kepler-69c– in the habitable zones of their respective host stars,Kepler-62and Kepler-69. The new exoplanets, which are considered prime candidates for possessing liquid water and thus potentially life, were identified using the Keplerspacecraft

RISAT-2, or Radar Imaging Satellite 2 is an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that is part of India's RISAT programme.

successfully launched aboard a PSLV-CA rocket at 01:15 GMT on April 20, 2009 from theSecond Launch Pad at the Satish DhawanSpace Centre.

RISAT-2 is India's first heavy satellite with a synthetic aperture radar. It has a day-night, all-weather monitoring capability. Potential applications include tracking hostile ships at sea that could pose a military threat

formerly known as the Venus Climate Orbiter (VCO) and Planet-C, is a Japanese unmanned spacecraft which was intended to explore Venus.

It was launched aboard an H-IIA 202 rocket on 20 May 2010.

The mission reached Venus on 7 December 2010 (JST) but failed to enter orbit around the planet.

Akatsuki is a Japanese space mission to the planet Venus. Planned observations include cloud and surface imaging from an orbit around the planet with an infrared camera, which are aimed at investigation of the complex Venusian meteorology. Other experiments are designed to confirm the presence of lightning and to determine whether volcanism occurs currently on Venus.

a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA) experimental spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on 21 May 2010, aboard an H-IIA rocket, together with theAkatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter) probe and four other small spacecraft.

IKAROS is the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate solar-sail technology in interplanetary space.

On 8 December 2010, IKAROS passed by Venus at about 80,800 km (50,200 mi) distance, completing the planned mission successfully, and entered its extended operation phase.

The IKAROS probe is the world's first spacecraft to use solar sailing as the main propulsion.

a Chinese unmanned lunar probe that was launched on 1 October 2010.It was a follow-up to the Chang'e1 lunar probe, which was launched in 2007.

Chang'e 2 was broadly similar to the Chang'e 1 probe, but had important differences. While Chang'e 1 operated in a 200-kilometer orbit, Chang'e 2 flew at only 100 kilometers, allowing for higher-resolution images and more precise science data.

In April 2012, Chang'e 2 departed L2 to begin an extended mission to the asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which it successfully flew by in December 2012. This success made China the fourth spacefaring entity to directly explore asteroids, after the United States, the European Union and Japan.

Juno is a NASA New Frontiers mission to the planet Jupiter. Juno was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on August 5, 2011.

Juno will also search for clues abouthow Jupiter formed, includingwhether the planet has a rocky core,the amount of water present withinthe deep atmosphere, and how theplanet's mass is distributed. It will alsostudy Jupiter's deep winds, which canreach speeds of 618 kilometers perhour (384 mph).

Juno requires a five-year cruise toJupiter, arriving around July 4, 2016.

Teams:

Scott Bolton, Toby Owen, AndyIngersol, Fran Bagenal, Candy Hansen,Jack Connerney.

Fobos-Grunt or Phobos-Grunt was an attempted Russian sample return missionto Phobos, one of the moons of Mars. Fobos-Grunt also carried the Chinese Mars orbiter Yinghuo-1 and the tiny Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment funded by the Planetary Society.

It was launched on 9 November 2011 at 02:16 local time (8 November 2011, 20:16 UTC) from the BaikonurCosmodrome, but subsequent rocket burns intended to set the craft on a course for Mars failed, leaving it stranded in low Earth orbit.

Fobos-Grunt was designed to become the first spacecraft to return a macroscopic sample from an extraterrestrial body since Luna 24 in 1976.

was an experimental Iranian Earth observation

satellite.

The satellite carried a camera for taking higher-

precision imagery of Earth and it was also be

used to collect weather data and monitor

natural disasters.

The third satellite to be launched indigenously

by Iran, it was placed into orbit by a new

configuration of the Safir carrier rocket,

featuring a larger second stage with 20%

more thrust.The launch occurred at

approximately 00:04 UTC on 3 February 2012.

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is

a robotic space probe mission

to Mars launched by NASA on November

26, 2011,which successfully

landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale

Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall

objectives include investigating

Mars' habitability, studying

its climate and geology, and collecting

data for a manned mission to Mars.The

rover carries a variety of scientific

instruments designed by an international

team.

1. NASA's Z1 Spacesuit

The new suit, which bears a Buzz Lightyears-esque appearance with

its green accents, boasts superior mobility over the old suits, a large

entrance port for easy donning, and increased radiation protection

to allow for longer spacewalks.

2. SpaceX's Grasshopper

On May 25, SpaceX became the first private company to

dock a spacecraft at the International Space Station with its

Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft. On December 17,

the company delivered its encore with a successful test of

its Grasshopper reusable rocket, in which the rocket

hovered at an altitutde of over 130 feet before landing

safely. Over the next few months, SpaceX has higher and

more sophisticated "hops" planned for the Grasshopper. As

the first ever completely reusable spaceflight system, the

rocket has the potential to dramatically lower the cost of

future launches if SpaceX successfully sends it into low-

earth orbit.

3. Orbital Sciences' Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demo Flight

Orbital Sciences, a Dulles, Va. based space company, is scheduled to launch its Cygnus spacecraft in 2013 as part of its NASA Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) agreement. The system, like SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft, was developed under a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract with NASA. If Orbital's launch is successful, it could mark the beginning of a U.S. commercial space race, leading to more efficient technologies and increased private sector funding.

While NASA's Mars Science Laboratory, a.k.a. Curiosity rover, has

taken front stage in recent months, a project that remains in

development is the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN)

probe, an unmanned spacecraft that will be used to sample Mars'

environment. The probe is scheduled for launch in November 2013

and is expected to reach Mars in 2014. While Curiosity continues to

relay data back to earth from Mars' Gale crater, MAVEN will provide

measurements from Mars' atmosphere, allowing for a more complete

picture of the planet's environment.

Group 3

3D2-BEED