1952 1971.04.19 1971.04.19 1974.06 1974.12

1977.09 1982.04.12 1982.02.19 1998.11 Future

Werner Von Braun

Salyut 1 The worlds first space station

Salyut 6 Salyut 7 Mir Space Station International Space Station

Skylab The first manned successful space station

Salyut 3 The first military station

Salyut 4 Civilian station

History of Space Stations

Types of Space Habitats

Bernal Sphere Stanford Torus

Types of Space Habitats

O’Neil Cylinder Lewis One

Two counter-rotating cylinders each five miles (8 km) in diameter, and capable of scaling up to twenty miles (32 km) long.[5] Each cylinder has six equal-area stripes that run the length of the cylinder; three are windows, three are "land". Furthermore, an outer agriculture ring, as seen in the picture on the right, 10 miles (16 km) in radius, rotates at a differ-ent speed for farming. The manufacturing block is located at the middle (behind the satellite dish assembly) to allow for minimized gravity for some manufacturing processes.

The Lewis One space colony design is intended to improve on the 10,000 inhabitant designs of the mid-70s. The new design features large shielded micro-g construction bays, low-g agriculture near the rotation axis to reduce the length of cylindrical colonies, large micro-g visitor and recreation areas, space viewing, and low-g recreation.

Types of Space Habitats

Kalpana One Beaded Habitats

BoloThe Kalpana One structure is a cylinder with a radius of 250m and a length of 550m and is designed to house 5000 people. The size is determined by the limited rotation rate humans are assumed to tolerate, 2rpm. The rotation rate drives the radius to achieve 1g pseudo-gravity, and the radius drives the length due to angular moment of inertia requirements. For later, larger colonies in the Kalpana family, the rotation rate may be reduced, increasing the radius and the allowable length.

Orbital hotelTranshab was a concept pursued by NASA to develop the technology for expandable habitats inflated by air in space. Specifically, Transhab was intended as a replacement for the already existing rigid Inter-national Space Station crew habitation Module. When deflated, inflatable modules provide an easier to launch compact form.

Inside/Outside concept, was originated in 1964 by Dandridge M. Cole and Donald W. Cox in a nonfiction book called Islands in Space: The Challenge of the Planetoids.

sun

Orbits

jupiter

uranus

naptune

pluto

saturn

mercury

venus

earth

mars

High point - apogee: satellite is going very slow

Low point - perigee: satellite is going very fast

Earth

Earth

Low orbit

High orbit

Fire apogee kick motor to place the satellite into circular orbit.

Fire a booster motor to lift the satellite from low earth orbit.

Transfer

HABITABLE SPACE

L 4

L 5

IMPORTANT COMPONENTS- resources-sunlight,- weightlessness- minerals - principal market

Near to but not on the Moonin free space at L 5

MOON

EARTH

L 4

L 5

in free space at L 5

MOON

EARTH

carbon

nitrogen

carbon

nitrogen

hydrogen

hydrogen

oxygen

oxygen

oxygen

oxygen

aluminum aluminum

silicon silicon

misc

misc

EARTH

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS

L 5

SOURCE OF MATERIALS- resources and their locations

Water Recovery System

Oxygen Generation System

Environmental Control and Life Support System -flow of recyclable resources

waste mgt.

waste products

urinerecovery

portable water processing

processed urine

urine

cabinair cabin

return

product water

air

air

air return

air return

product water

waste water

crew system

condenstate

O2/ N2 control

oxygengeneration

temp &humiditycontrol

nitrogen

trace contaminantcontrolsubassembly

CO2

removal

overboardventing

overboardventing

portablewaterdispenser

hand washshaving

shower

fire detection& suppression