Committee 5

SP. Management and AlternativesMain Readings:• NATO's nuclear forces. Web site• Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation in NATO. & NATON’s position regarding….Web site. •The Broader Context of NATO's Nuclear Policy and Posture- Michael RÜHLE• NATO's Nuclear Weapons in Europe: Beyond "Yes" or "No“- Karl-Heinz KAMP• NATO’s Deterrence and Defense Posture after Chicago Summit- David S. Yost.• NATO's Incredible Nuclear Strategy: Why U.S. Weapons in Europe Deter No One-Edmond Seay.• Tactical nuclear weapons and NATO - Nichols, Tom and others, US Army War College• SC118-8 The future of NATO’s nuclear posture, what to do with the Elephant in the Room• US Nuclear Weapons in Europe. Hans M. Kristensen.• Taking steps toward a world free of nuclear weapons. Sam Nunn.• NATO’s new strategic concept, nuclear weapons, and global cero. Ian P. Rutherford.• Spoiler and enabler: The role of ballistic-missile defence in nuclear abolition- Senn, M. • Mind the Gap. Healing the NATO rift over US tactical nuclear weapons in Europe. British American security information council.• US tactical nuclear weapons in Europe after NATO’s Lisbon Summit: why their withdrawl is desirable and feasible- Tom Sauer.• NATO Nuclear Sharing and the NPT - Questions to be Answered, joint PENN/BASIC-BITS-CESD-ASPR Research Note 97.3, June 1997• Questions of Command and Control: NATO, Nuclear Sharing and the NPT, PENN Research Report 2000.1, Martin Butcher et al., 2000• Nuclear Sharing in NATO: Is it Legal?, Otfried Nassauer, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, May 2001• NATO Nuclear Power Sharing and the NPT, Denise Groves, Berlin Information-center for Transatlantic Security, 6 August 2000• NATO's Positions Regarding Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament and Related Issues, NATO, June 2005• United States Air Forces in Europe - Munitions Support Squadron, GlobalSecurity.org• Statement on behalf of the non-aligned state parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 2 May 2005• Opposition to Nuclear Sharing Leads to Proposed Senate Amendment on NATO Expansion, British American Security Information Council, May

1998• NPT à la Carte? NATO and Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Nicola Butler, Acronym Institute, 2005• A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963 (Chapter 5: Eisenhower and Nuclear Sharing), Marc Trachtenberg,

1999, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-00273-8

Committee 5

SP. Management and Alternatives

Nuclear weapons management in NATO.• NATO posture. Strategic Concept and DDPR.

– Sharing responsibilities: DCA and support• Planning: no targeting. USA and UK nuc Submarines.

– Nuclear Planning Group- NPG. Consultation & Policy– SACEUR responsibility

• Use and Decision making process:– extremely remote – Dual approval process: weapon owner and delivery state.

• Training: – Annual “Able Staff” exercise . No publicity, low profile.

• Factors for the future:– modernization, high cost, public opinion, France involvement.

Committee 5

Location US Nuclear Bases

Committee 5

Status of US Nuclear weapon in Europe

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Continued

Committee 5

SP. Management and Alternatives

Possible alternatives.• Missile Defence. Main candidate.

– Official posture: NO SUBSTITUTE. DDPR. Complementary (Michael Ruhle)– Sceptics: it will promote proliferation and is not a good option. (Tom Sauer and Ian Rutherford)– Euro-Bomb. France and the “Europeanist”.

• Concentrate instead in counter proliferation. (Rutherford)• NATO’s nuclear force.

–Not feasible in the short/medium term •Modern Conventional weapons:

– Not enough deterrence.... • Strategic Nuclear weapons and submarines:

– Already in place. Not an alternative• Factors:

– Russia/USA negotiations. Link between MD and Nuclear disarmament. New SART treaty.– Border nations compensation. Poland, Chez Republic and Turkey