1.Explain following. (i) Execution Gap (ii) Specification Gap(iii) Interpreter (iv) Language Migrator(v)

Handle (vi) Handle Pruning (vii) Problem Oriented Language

2. List various phases of a language processor. Explain roles of first two phases of it. Also explain symbol

table.

3. List and explain various types of grammar.

4. Draw Optimized DFA for following regular expression. (1*)*0(0/1)*#

5. What is bottom up parser? Explain operator precedence parser. Let a grammar for a language is E E+E

| E*E | id. Check validity of following string using stack based operator precedence parser. id * id + id *

id

6. Describe working of LL(1) parser and parse following string :

|- <id> * <id> * <id> + <id> -|

7. Explain recursive decent parser with suitable example. Also state its drawbacks

8. Given following expression = - (a+b) *(c+d) + (a+b+c)

i. Draw a Syntax tree for the expression

ii. Write a three-address code for the expression

iii. Give triple representation for the three address code of the expression

9. Describe following data structures : OPTAB, SYMTAB, LITTAB and POOLTAB.

10. Explain and show usage by giving examples of following assembler Directives START, END, ORIGIN,

EQU, LTORG.

11. Explain assembly scheme with suitable example

12. Given the following assembly program, show the contents of all the tables generated after pass-I.

Also generate IC using Variant I.(take any assembly program from GTU paper)

13. Define forward references. How it can be solved using back-patching? Explain with example.

14. Write a short note on MS-DOS Linker.

15. Describe in detail how relocation and linking is performed

16. What is program relocation? Explain characteristics of self relocating programs.

17. What is Overlay? Explain the execution of an overlay structured program

18. Explain Absolute Loader and BSS Loader.

19. Explain advanced macro facilities with suitable example

20. Describe tasks and data structures considered for the design of a macro preprocessor

21. Explain following terms with suitable example.

(i) Expansion time variable (iii) Semantic Expansion

(ii) Positional parameter (iv) Macro Preprocessor

22. Define two macros of your choice to illustrate nested calls to these macros. Also show their

corresponding expansion.

23. What are the issues in code generation in relation to compilation of expression? Explain each issue in

brief.

24. Explain various code optimization technique with example.

25. Discuss parameters for Activation Records 26. Explain Interpreter.

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