Soviet Montage, 1925-1933
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Transcript of Soviet Montage, 1925-1933
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Soviet Montage, 1925-1933
Lecture 16
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Sergei Eisenstein:
“IN THE REALM OF ART THIS DIALECTIC PRINCIPLE OF DYNAMICS IS EMBODIED IN
CONFLICT AS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF EVERY ART WORK AND EVERY
ART-FORM.”
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How does Eisenstein arrive at the idea of the centrality of CONFLICT to film?
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Dialectics
THESIS 1 + ANTI-THESIS 1 = SYNTHESIS 1
SYNTHESIS 1 (THESIS 2) + ANTI-THESIS 2 = SYNTHESIS 2
…EISENSTEIN: “Being—as a constant evolution from the
interaction of two contradictory opposites.” (A Dialectical Approach 45)
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October (Eisenstein, 1927)Five Acts
• Act 1– 5 day February Revolution in St. Petersburg
• Alexander III statue brought down
• Act 2– July days: street fighting between Anarchists and Left
Bolsheviks and Provisional Government forces (Bridge sequence)
– Kerensky in the Winter Palace– General Kornilov attacks– Kornilov’s soldiers switch to the Bolshevik side
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October (Eisenstein, 1927)Five Acts
• Act 3– Lenin argues for insurrection– Bolsheviks plan insurrection
• Act 4– Bolsheviks prepare the insurrection– Kerensky leaves the Winter Palace– Women’s Battalion of Death defend the palace– Second Soviet Congress (Oct. 25)
• Act 5– Bolsheviks prevail against Mensheviks at Second Soviet Congress– Red Guards take the Winter Palace
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October (1927):Dialectics of narrative
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Dialectics of Form:
Eisenstein:“The shot and montage are the basic elements of cinema”
“The shot appears as the cell of montage.” (organic metaphor)
“So, montage is conflict.”
THEN: There must be conflict in the shot as well.
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Conflict within the shot• 1) Shot (enframed image)—– Graphic conflict– Conflict of planes– Conflict of volume– Light conflict– Spatial conflict– Conflict between matter and viewpoint (ex: canted and other
camera angles)– Conflict between matter and its spatial nature (ex: optical
distortion)– Conflict between an event and its temporal nature (ex: slow
motion, fast motion, stop-motion)– Conflict between optical complex and different sphere (ex:
conflict between image and sound)
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GRAPHIC CONFLICT WITHIN THE SHOT
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CONFLICT OF VOLUME, LIGHT, PLANES, SPACE
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GRAPHIC CONFLICT/LIGHT CONFLICT
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CONFLICT OF VOLUMES