Southwest Asia Today Chapter 6
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Transcript of Southwest Asia Today Chapter 6
Southwest Asia TodayChapter 6
Dubai, UAE
Georgia Standardsa) Describe the location of major physical features and
their impact on North Africa/Southwest Asia.b) Describe the major climates of SWA and how they
have affected the development of the area.c) Analyze the impact of natural resources, especially
oil, have on SWA.d) Analyze the impact of water supplies on the growth
of population centers.e) Explain the impact of Judaism, Christianity and
Islam on the development of the region’s culture.f) Explain why this region contains areas on two
different continents.g) Describe the major ethnic and cultural groups in
SWA; include major customs and traditions
Standard of Living vs.
Literacy Rate & GDP per capitaLiteracy Rate –
percentage of the population at a specific age who can read and write
GDP per capita – GDP based on population
Standard of Living – the degree of wealth and material comfort available to the general population of a country.
GDP – total value of all goods and services.
Gross Domestic Product
Are literacy rate and GDP linked to standard of living?
High standards of livingvs.
Low standards of livingIsrael
Literacy rate – 97%GDP per capita -
$29800Manufacturing
Saudi ArabiaLiteracy rate – 79%GDP per capita -
$24200Oil production
YemenLiteracy rate – 50%GDP per capita -
$2700Oil production
AfghanistanLiteracy rate – 28%GDP per capita -
$900Agriculture
Other Standards of LivingUnited States
Literacy Rate – 99%GDP per person -
$47,200 (312,407,000)Qatar
Literacy Rate – 93.1%GDP per person
$179,000 (< 300,000 people)
IraqLiteracy Rate - 74%GDP per person $3,800
Cuba Literacy Rate 99.9%
Second highest in worldGDP per person -
$9,900
ChinaLiteracy Rate – 95.9%GDP per person -
$7,600Population –
1,346,780,000
The Eastern MediterraneanIncludes Turkey,
Jordan, Israel, Lebanon and Palestinian territories
Faced many conflictsStruggle to achieve
peaceCamp David
AccordsNot much oil but
they do have areas with mild climates and fertile lands
Farming is important
World Literacy Map
TurkeyMild Mediterranean
climate and largest population (78,000,000)
Agriculture for local useExports cotton and
tobaccoProduces textiles, steel,
and carsGradually moved from
gov’t-directed economy to more private enterprise
75% of people live in cities
IsraelHighly developed
and industrial economy
High tech manufacturing, financial services, and agriculture
Government owns many businesses but is gradually privatizing companies
#24th largest economy in world
Diamond Exchange Area
The Arabian PeninsulaOil exports support
economies Oil discovered in 1930’sMajor suppliers of the
world’s energyOPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Decide how much oil to produce and price
12 member nations around the world
Saudi ArabiaWorld’s leading producer
of oilSchools, hospitals, roads,
and airports built with oil income
Building new industries to diversify economy
95% of oil industry operated by government
Relies on specialized labor from other countries
Gov’t trying to increase private ownership of business
The Persian Gulf CountriesIncludes Kuwait,
Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Profits from oil exports used to build strong, wealthy economies
Education, health care, and other services provided to citizens for free
Diversifying economy in case oil runs out
Economic continuum
Command
Market
••• •SA T I
Assessment
1. Literacy Rate2. GDP3. Qatar4. OPEC5. Turkey6. Saudi Arabia7. Israel8. Afghanistan
A. Highest GDP per person in world
B. Total of goods and services sold in a country
C. Organization which keeps oil prices high for the world
D. Eastern Mediterranean nation with modern economy and 78 million people
E. Lowest GDP per person ($900) and lowest literacy rate (28%)
F. % of people over 15 who can read and write
G. 24th in world GDP, modern economy, financial center, diamond industry
H. World’s largest oil reserves
Governments of Middle EastLet’s review the
different types of governmentsAbsolute MonarchyDictatorshipAutocracyOligarchyDemocracy/Republic
Parliamentary Presidential
TheocracyBenjamin Netanyahu, King Abdullah, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
EQ: How do the governments of the Middle east differ?
Can you compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the monarchy of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms?
IsraelParliamentary Democracy
Prime Minister is elected by parliamentParliament is known as Knesset (120 members,
4 yr. terms)Coalition government of many parties. 32
different governments since Israel was established in 1948.
Prime Minister is Benjamin Netanyahu President is a ceremonial role, not part of three
branchesMajor issue is security.All “citizens” can vote and speak freely.
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia is an Islamic absolute monarchyThe Qur'an is declared to be the constitution
of the country, which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a). No elections or political parties.
The King of Saudi Arabia is both head of state and the head of government, but decisions are made on the basis of consultation among the senior princes of the royal family and the religious establishment.
King Abdullah has ruled since 2005.Law is according to king’s decree.King is the government!
IranIslamic revolution in
1979. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is the Head
of State. Religious leader –
theocracy “Supreme Leader”
according to Koran The current President of Iran is
Hassan Rouhani, who assumed office on August 3, 2013, after the 2013 Iranian presidential election. He succeeded Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who served 8 years in office from 2005 to 2013.
Candidates must be approved prior to running for office. Still see U.S. as their enemy.
Pressured with economic sanctions to stop developing nuclear weapons.
IraqSaddam Hussein (former dictator)was
captured (2003) by U.S. and tried by the Iraqi government.
U.S. has sponsored elections but split between Sunni, Shiite and Kurds has made free elections difficult.
2010 Open and free elections ofPrime Minister – Kamal Al MalikiParliamentary Government
U.S. soldiers are leavingViolence continues to disrupt stability
AfghanistanUnited States – goal
– stabilize and bring democracy.
Constitution set in 2004 with help of N.A.T.O.
Hamad Karzai – president elected in 2009.
Democracy has been slow to grow!
Assessment 1. Israel2. Iran3. Saudi Arabia
a. Democracy
b. Monarchyc. Theocracy
A. Ayatollah Khamenei
B. Benjamin Netanyhu
C. King Abdullah