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Southwest Asia & North Africa http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2014/01/08/what-is-appropriate- attire-for-women-in-muslim- countries/#utm_content=buffer02a88& utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitt er.com&utm_campaign=buffer https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_51643453&f eature=iv&index=1&list=PL23C220A2C5EC0FDE&src_vid=o_p3wTJR8SA&v =RE1KNTxc0uU

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Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent 3000 BCE Sumerians built first known cities in Mesopotamia. Over the years - civilizations repeatedly developed, collapsed & were replaced. 550 BCE Persians established an empire here where Iran is today.

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Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent)

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Nile River 1) Where are most of cities located? 2) Why?

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Middle East: Conquer or be Conquered https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4U0SXz2DJs

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Jerusalem The Holy City Jerusalem - ancient city that has been fought over for thousands of years. This is partly because it is a place of religious importance for Christians, Muslims & Jews. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkKyt HCHCYI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkKyt HCHCYI

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Arab/Israeli Conflict After WWII Jewish people were escaping from Germany. Many owned nothing and had stepped straight out from Hitlers death camps. They sought refuge in Israel, Holy Land for Jews as well as Muslims & Christians. Both Jews and Arabs wanted control of this land. Both had claims and the have been fighting for control of this land since.

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Iran Revolution: 1979 Shah (King): brutal & corrupt. 1979 People were protesting for the Shahs removal. He fled the country. Today Iran has a Constitutional Theocracy (Islamic religious law). http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/27/world/ac- six-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-iran- hostage-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_c2 http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/27/world/ac- six-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-iran- hostage-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_c2

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9/11 & The War in Afghanistan 2001 On the morning of September 11, 2001 four US airplanes were hijacked by terrorists. 2 planes were flown in to the World Trade Center buildings in NYC, 1 plane was flown into the Pentagon and the other was taken back over by the passengers & crash landed in a field killing all passengers onboard, but preventing the plane from flying into another building. The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people (19 of which were the hijackers) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U Vhhu5OjMf8&app=desktop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U Vhhu5OjMf8&app=desktop

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World Trade Center Buildings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oOW-1OwtCAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oOW-1OwtCA 9/11 Tribute

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9/11 Attacks on the US Pentagon

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The Afghanistan War after 9/11 The US invaded Afghanistan after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 to remove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan. The US demanded that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden, the man behind the 9/11 attacks but the Taliban refused. On May 2, 2011, US Navy Seals found & killed Osama bin Laden at his home in Pakistan.

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US Invasion of Iraq 2003 2003: US invaded Iraq "to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's (their leader) support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people.

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US Invasion of Iraq 2003 2005: CIA report - no weapons of mass destruction found in Iraq. Nov 2006: Hussein found guilty by an Iraqi court of torture & murder crimes & sentenced to death by hanging. Dec 2011: The last of the American troops out of Iraq established a parliamentary democracy govt

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Economy Middle East economies range from being very poor (Gaza, Yemen) to extremely wealthy (Qatar, UAE and Saudi Arabia). Israel is the most technologically advanced of the Middle Eastern countries.

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Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) Former British protectorate Oil rich https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJEJ1odG9S4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BXGh0EYJtE Palm Islands & The World: Artificial peninsulas constructed of sand dredged from the Persian Gulf.

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Dubai, UAE Before and After

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Aswan High Dam Purpose: to control the floodwaters, & harness hydroelectric power. Before: The Nile flooded annually. The flooding provided nutrients that enriched the soil making the Nile floodplain ideal for farming. After: flooding was controlled, however, the farmers lost natural fertilizer brought by the flooding Nile.

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Sharia Law https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=sjJVO8GASm w

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The Arab Spring Those who do not love me do not deserve to live Muammar al-Gaddafi: in power between 1969-2011 in Libya

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ISIS: Islamic State of Iraq & Syria http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/09/wo rld/isis-explained/ http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/09/wo rld/isis-explained/ http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the- press/failure-libya-richard-engel-reports- n310496 http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the- press/failure-libya-richard-engel-reports- n310496 Second video, start at 1 minute. Beginning is too graphic.