Southern Legislative Conference:...
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Transcript of Southern Legislative Conference:...
Southern Legislative Conference:
Why Focus on Distraction in
Transportation?
Chairman Deborah A. P. Hersman
Eliminate Distraction in
Transportation
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Eliminate Distraction in
Transportation
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Distraction: Not just a highway
problem
• Highway
• Largo, Maryland (2002)
• Alexandria, Virginia (2004)
• Munfordville, Kentucky (2010)
• Gray Summit, Missouri (2010)
• Rail
• Clarendon, Texas (2002)
• Chatsworth, California (2008)
• Marine
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2010)
• Aviation
• NWA 188 (2009)
• Mosby, MO (2011)
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Largo, MD - February 2002
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Clarendon, TX - May 2002
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Alexandria, VA - November 2004
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Chatsworth, CA - September 2008
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Minneapolis, MN - October 2009
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Munfordville, KY - March 2010
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Philadelphia, PA - July 2010
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Gray Summit, MO - August 2010
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Mosby, MO - April 2011
Recommendation to the states to
ban the nonemergency use
of PEDs for all drivers
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Recommendation to CTIA
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• Encourage development of
technology to disable PEDs use by
drivers, when vehicle is in motion.
• Should allow for emergency use and
should identify seating positions so
as not to interfere with passenger
use.
Attentive Driving:
Countermeasures to Distraction
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Washington, DC
March 27, 2012
What We Have Learned
• Distraction risks are universal
• Portable electronic devices pose cognitive, manual, auditory, and visual distractions
Risk for Teens
Future of Technology
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• A recent headline in the
New York Daily News
read “Driving while
wearing Google Glass:
Could the futuristic
device join handheld
cell phones, texting as
illegal?”
• Another headline in The
Verge read “California
woman gets ticket for
driving with Google
Glass”
What Can be Done?
• Legislate
• Educate
• Enforce
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How can NTSB help?
Steve Blackistone
State and Local Liaison
(202) 314-6005
Nicholas Worrell
Safety Advocate
(202) 314-6608
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“No call, no text, no update
is worth a human life.”
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Driving and Texting
A brief description of Virginia’s new distracted driving law.
Virginia
The Path to Making Texting While Driving a Primary Offense
Mid-2000s – Virginia Had Little Focus On or Regulation Of Distracted Driving
Resistance to Legislation and Regulation
Rationales:
Personal Freedom
Why Punish Individuals When There Was No Accident
Concern About Empowering Police to Stop Drivers
Small Steps to Prohibit Distracted Driving
Prohibit cell phone use and restrict passengers and hours
of driving for 16 and 17 year olds
Prohibit texting while driving
New Laws Above Adopted as Secondary Offenses
No one can be stopped because of violating one of the new laws
Attempts to Improve Traffic Safety and Reduce Deaths Failed
Prohibit Hand Held Cell Phones
Require Seat Belt Use by Back Seat Passengers
Stop for Pedestrians in Crosswalks
Prohibit Open Containers of Alcohol
Administrative Suspensions of License Following DUI Arrest
Making Secondary Offense Primary Violations, eg. Drivers using Seat Belts
Very Few Charged with Distracted Driving Offenses
Most charged because of an accident
Despite Resistance, Legislation Introduced to Make Texting While
Driving a Primary Offense
Recommended by High School Students
After Several Years, Legislation Regarding Primary Offense Passed in 2013
Factors Were:
Persistence
Education
Advocacy
The Most Significant Factors, However, Were:
Overwhelming Public Support
Media Coverage of Fatalities
2013 Legislation on Texting While Driving
Bill as Passed General Assembly
Governor’s Amendments
Enforcement
Articulable Suspicion
Obtaining a Confession
Absent a Confession
Search and Seizure
Driver Distraction:
Past, Present, & Future
David Strayer Cognition and Neural Sciences
Department of Psychology
Automobile Dashboard
in 50’s and 60’s
Today’s Automobile Dashboard
Multi-tasking and Driving
“Any man who can drive safely while kissing a
pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the
attention it deserves.”
-- Albert Einstein
FACT: Most simply cannot successfully perform
two or more tasks simultaneously without declines
in performance
The Driver Distraction Triad
Manual
Visual Cognitive High
Low
Moderate
Eyes off the Road
Hands off the Wheel
Mind off the Drive
Workload, Distraction, & Impairment
Cognitive Workload
• Attention required to perform a non-driving task
Cognitive Distraction
• Diversion of attention from driving in dual-task conditions
Impaired Driving
• Impairments to driving from dual-task performance
Observational Study
Cell Phone Usage 10.2%
OR: 2.21 (95% CI 2.09 to 2.33)
Cell Phone No Phone
Failed to Stop 2416 12567 1498
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Stopped
Appropriately 3332 38294 4162
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5748 50861 5660
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Overview of AAA Project
• Most comprehensive study undertaken on cognitive distraction
• Systematic analysis, 3 studies, 150 participants, 8 conditions
• Analysis of different sources of distraction
• Driving simulator
• Instrumented vehicle
• Develop taxonomy of cognitive distraction
• (e.g., Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Wind Scale)
• Category 1 -- Undistracted driver
• Category 5 -- Highest level of cognitive distraction
Measures of Cognitive Distraction
Workload
Primary
Secondary Subjective
Physiological
Sources of Cognitive Distraction
Driving Simulator and Instrumented Vehicle
Cognitive Distraction Scale
The Future of In-vehicle Technology
• Examination of speech-based in-vehicle interactions
• What speech-based activities are safe/unsafe?
• Siri, Entune, Sync, Onstar…
• Internet search to support navigation
• Dinner reservations (e.g., OpenTable)
• Facebook/twitter updates
• Quality of
• synthetic speech
• voice recognition
Summary and Conclusions
• Three sources of Driver Distraction
• Visual
• Manual
• Cognitive
• Cognitive Distraction
• Inattention blindness
• Impaired recognition memory, suppressed ERPs
• Impaired scanning (tunnel vision)
Fini
