South-South cooperationSouth-South cooperationEvolving realities, drivers and partnersEvolving realities, drivers and partners

May 2004May 2004

1. The past1. The past

South-South cooperationSouth-South cooperation

In ‘70s and ‘80s, S-S an expression of political solidarity and In ‘70s and ‘80s, S-S an expression of political solidarity and aspiration of developing countriesaspiration of developing countries

Based on sponsorship of capacity and needs matching Based on sponsorship of capacity and needs matching exercises, e.g.:exercises, e.g.:

TCDC fairs bringing countries togetherTCDC fairs bringing countries together

Data collection/dissemination (INRES; now the interactive Web Data collection/dissemination (INRES; now the interactive Web of Information on Development – WIDE)of Information on Development – WIDE)

Provision of data on experts, institutional capacities and best Provision of data on experts, institutional capacities and best practicespractices

South-South cooperation (cont’d.)South-South cooperation (cont’d.)

Helping establish suitable policy frameworks within Helping establish suitable policy frameworks within government for integrating TCDC in national planning government for integrating TCDC in national planning processesprocesses

Helping establish TCDC focal points in governments; Helping establish TCDC focal points in governments; developing institutional arrangementsdeveloping institutional arrangements

Moving TCDC exchanges beyond gov’t-to-gov’t networks to Moving TCDC exchanges beyond gov’t-to-gov’t networks to include private sector, civil societyinclude private sector, civil society

New Directions strategy in 1996 involving establishment of New Directions strategy in 1996 involving establishment of pivotal countries, triangular cooperation, &c.pivotal countries, triangular cooperation, &c.

Some limitations of past approachesSome limitations of past approaches

Cooperation hindered by:Cooperation hindered by:

Insufficient differentiation between countries in terms of technologies Insufficient differentiation between countries in terms of technologies and expertize limiting mutually beneficial exchangesand expertize limiting mutually beneficial exchanges

Most countries similarly situated in terms of resource endowments and Most countries similarly situated in terms of resource endowments and export marketsexport markets

Lack of communication and transportation linkagesLack of communication and transportation linkages

Tension between political aspirations and desire to obtain ‘state of the Tension between political aspirations and desire to obtain ‘state of the art’ technology from the Northart’ technology from the North

Resulted in sporadic, unconnected exchanges with uncertain resultsResulted in sporadic, unconnected exchanges with uncertain results

Historical relationships between North and South

Emerging 21Emerging 21stst century century realitiesrealities

Possible Possible trajectoriestrajectories

S-S conceived under S-S conceived under conditions of ‘70s and ‘80sconditions of ‘70s and ‘80s

S-S cooperation can S-S cooperation can be repurposed for a be repurposed for a

changing worldchanging world

Seizing on an evolving contextSeizing on an evolving context

2. The present2. The present

No longer monolithic North and monolithic SouthNo longer monolithic North and monolithic South

‘‘Developed’Developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

‘‘Emerging’Emerging’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

‘‘Least developed’Least developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

Flow in trade, finance, investment and ideasFlow in trade, finance, investment and ideas

‘‘Developed’Developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

‘‘Emerging’Emerging’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

‘‘Least developed’Least developed’Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

Flow of global trade, Flow of global trade, finance, investment and finance, investment and ideas mostly within ideas mostly within ‘developed’ countries / ‘developed’ countries / sectorssectors

Limited no. of ‘emerging’ Limited no. of ‘emerging’ countries / sectors countries / sectors benefitingbenefiting

Many ‘least developed’ Many ‘least developed’ countries / sectors not countries / sectors not currently benefiting; currently benefiting; experiencing ‘reverse experiencing ‘reverse development’development’

Emerging responsesEmerging responses

Important new bodies and alliances, e.g.:Important new bodies and alliances, e.g.:

Rise of people-to-people networks, civil society, NGOsRise of people-to-people networks, civil society, NGOs

Sub-regional groups on WTO issuesSub-regional groups on WTO issues

Post Cancun: IBSAPost Cancun: IBSA

Regional solidarity e.g. African Union, East African Regional solidarity e.g. African Union, East African Community, SAARC, CARICOMCommunity, SAARC, CARICOM

OHRLLSOHRLLS

New Drivers of South-South cooperation for MDGsNew Drivers of South-South cooperation for MDGs Advances in education, science and technology in parts of South, Advances in education, science and technology in parts of South,

allowing beneficial technological transfersallowing beneficial technological transfers

Build up of capacity, experience and knowledge in solving social Build up of capacity, experience and knowledge in solving social and economic issues in LDCs, SIDs and land-locked statesand economic issues in LDCs, SIDs and land-locked states

Growing experience in meeting challenges of governance (e.g. Growing experience in meeting challenges of governance (e.g. performance of public administration, delivery of services)performance of public administration, delivery of services)

Strong growth in some economies, demonstrating potential to Strong growth in some economies, demonstrating potential to respond successfully to new global challengesrespond successfully to new global challenges

‘‘Leapfrogging’ possible owing to ICTLeapfrogging’ possible owing to ICT

““Emerging”Emerging”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

Improving capacities and Improving capacities and experience; some needsexperience; some needs

““Least developed”Least developed”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

Limited capacities, some Limited capacities, some experience; significant needsexperience; significant needs

““Developed”Developed”Countries / SectorsCountries / Sectors

Established capacities and Established capacities and experience; some needsexperience; some needs

Summary of Summary of capacities, capacities,

experiences experiences and needsand needs

So what is the objective of So what is the objective of South-SouthSouth-South cooperation in this changing context?cooperation in this changing context?

‘Developed’Countries / Sectors

‘Emerging’Countries / Sectors

‘Least developed’Countries / Sectors

To utilize capacities and experience available in To utilize capacities and experience available in emerging countries / sectorsemerging countries / sectors

‘Developed’Countries / Sectors

‘Emerging’Countries / Sectors

‘Least developed’Countries / Sectors

To enable ‘win-win’ situations for more inclusive To enable ‘win-win’ situations for more inclusive globalization, in pursuit of the MDGsglobalization, in pursuit of the MDGs

3. Moving forward3. Moving forward

From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’from recent meetings in Hangzhou, China and Marrakech, Moroccofrom recent meetings in Hangzhou, China and Marrakech, Morocco

Notion of ‘Prime Mover’ countries developedNotion of ‘Prime Mover’ countries developed

Focus on most pressing development needs, Focus on most pressing development needs, esp. those of least dev’d countries / sectorsesp. those of least dev’d countries / sectors

Channel available and relevant experience in Channel available and relevant experience in Prime Movers for least dev’d countries / Prime Movers for least dev’d countries / sectorssectors

From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’, cont’d.From ‘Pivotal Countries’ to ‘Prime Movers’, cont’d.

Partner and pool resources for strategic Partner and pool resources for strategic results, fulfilling mutual interestsresults, fulfilling mutual interests

Particular interest shown by prime movers in Particular interest shown by prime movers in Africa (incl. Brazil, China, India, Malaysia Africa (incl. Brazil, China, India, Malaysia and Thailand)and Thailand)

Readiness to formulate scaled-up Readiness to formulate scaled-up programme facilitated by Special Unitprogramme facilitated by Special Unit

General criteria for ‘programming’ by the General criteria for ‘programming’ by the Special Unit for SSCSpecial Unit for SSC

Linked to Millennium Declaration and MDGsLinked to Millennium Declaration and MDGs

Benefits 2+ countries; emphasis on LDCsBenefits 2+ countries; emphasis on LDCs

Demand driven; using extant and relevant capacity / experienceDemand driven; using extant and relevant capacity / experience

Builds domestic capacityBuilds domestic capacity

Based on ‘record of results’, lessons learntBased on ‘record of results’, lessons learnt

Potential for mobilizing local, national, regional and international Potential for mobilizing local, national, regional and international resourcesresources

Builds on existing mechanisms, where feasibleBuilds on existing mechanisms, where feasible

Facilitation by Special Unit considered essentialFacilitation by Special Unit considered essential

S-S cooperation: potential initiatives for ‘04 & beyondS-S cooperation: potential initiatives for ‘04 & beyond

FOCUSFOCUS POTENTIAL INITIATIVESPOTENTIAL INITIATIVES

GovernanceGovernanceAwareness building for S-S trade and investmentAwareness building for S-S trade and investment

Conflict resolution for a stable public environmentConflict resolution for a stable public environment

Trade and Trade and investmentinvestment

Institutionalizing AABF mechanismInstitutionalizing AABF mechanism

Global SME networkGlobal SME network

Business environment: banking and vendor developmentBusiness environment: banking and vendor development

EducationEducation Knowledge-based / ICT skills for employment in a global Knowledge-based / ICT skills for employment in a global workplaceworkplace

Food securityFood securityPost harvest servicesPost harvest services

Food processingFood processing

Public HealthPublic Health

ARVs; pharmaceutical joint venturesARVs; pharmaceutical joint ventures

Medical services (incl. ultrasound); trainingMedical services (incl. ultrasound); training

Responses to preventable and communicable diseases, Responses to preventable and communicable diseases, incl. NGO solutionsincl. NGO solutions

Manufacture of disposable medical suppliesManufacture of disposable medical supplies

Peace buildingPeace building

Democratic systemsDemocratic systems

DeminingDemining

ReconstructionReconstruction

S-S cooperation: potential initiatives, cont’d.S-S cooperation: potential initiatives, cont’d.

FOCUSFOCUS POTENTIAL INITIATIVESPOTENTIAL INITIATIVES