THE

EIGHTY-EIGHTH

-

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

AMERICAN MADURA nlISSION

f~-J(;" ;\ '('fi&)

. \ :~\ ?·K.'

SOUTH INDIA

1922

Yale Divinity lib,.., Ne~ Haven, Conn.

THE

EIGHTY -EIGHTH

AN NU AL REPORT

OF THE

AMERICAN I\IADURA MISSION

SOUTH INDIA

1922

PREPARED BY .1. S. CHANDLER

Printed at the Trade SchDol Pl'ess, Pasumalai,

1023.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY

I. PERSONNEL

1 Missionaries 2 Guests 3 Pastors 4 Catechists 5 Teachers 6 Bible "Vornen ...

II. CHURCH AND CONGREGATION 1 Churches and Pastorates ... 2 Congregations ...

(1) Houses of Worship

(2) Benevolence

(3) Persecution ~ '. III. EDUCATION

1 Village a.nd Day Schools 2 Boarding Schools 3 Hindu Girls' Schools 4 Capron Hall 5 Union Theological Seminary 6 Pasurnalai High and Training Schools 7 American College, Madura, 8 Lucy Perry Noble Bible Institute

EVANGELISM '" 1 Bible Women's Work 2 Bates Evangelistic Work

V. MEDICA.L WORK 1 Albert Victor Hospital 2 Hospital for Women

PAG~

1

4

4

7 9

]2

12 12

14 14 15

19

20

~1

23

24 28 30 34 36 38 40

41 41 44

46 46 47

11

VI. WORK IN UNION- ORGANISATIONS 50

1 South India United Church 50 2 Madura Church Council 50 3 Board for Tamil Christian Literature... 51 4 Kodaikana.1 School for Missionaries'

Children ... 52 5 Union Christian High School 53 6 United Theological College, Bangalore 53 7 Medical College for Women, Vellore 54

VII. CO-OPERATION 55

1 Kallar Work

CONCLUSION

1 Village' Schools .. . 2 Mud Churches .. . 3 Station School ... 4 Sunday Service ...

CHANGES IN 50 YEARS

LIST OF MISSIONARIES

STATISTICS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1 Coll~ge Ball 2 Church and Congregation 3 Otis Hall 4 The College 5 Evangelism 6 Van Allen's Hospital 7 Women's Hospital 8 Typical Scenes ...

G5

60

60 60 61 61

62

63

68

Frontispiece 14 30

38 40 46 47 54

THE A:\lEllICAN COLLEGE, 'L\»nl.\, \:"1>1.\

TIn: 'lAIl\" nnLDl:\(; I~ WHO~E GHEAT BALL TBB C()LLE(;\~ \)\:\:\EH \Y.\:' SEHYEI>

THE

88TH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

AllERICAN ~fADURA !\IISSION.

In presenting the Report for 19:!2, as I stand on the threshold of my fiftieth year of service, it is fitting to look in retrospect over the work of ~he last half century. Our retrospect need not, go back to Noah's Flood, for we have a flood of our own that is sufficiently outstanding in Madura for the last fifty years.

I~ was the nigbt of the 30th November unprece­dented rainfalls of frOlll nine to twelve inches had occur­red on the mountains where the river has its sources, especially in the basin of the great Periyar irrigation lake. Here and there tan'k-bunds gave: way and added to the turbulent rush of the waters that swept down the river like the waves of a stormy sea carrying before it a multitude of trees rooted up from the banks. 633 huts and other buildings collapsed. Only four 'or five lives were lost, but the damage in the town amounted to at least twolakhs of rupees.

The extensive railway colony was washed out and the Swedish Mission com pound more. or less flooded. The part of our Mission mostly affected was Capron Hall. As it was not a part of the regular work there we may anticipate the report of Capron Hall and introduce here the account of the flood as experienced by one of the rescued party, 1VIiss Wylll!1U.

2

On rrhl1uksgiviIlg llig1Jt, after the program at Warden's Lodge, the ,Mungalapuram sorority climbed into its bandy and started home. It had

Leeu raining pretty 1mI'd dJ:!ring the evening, but we were quite surprised

to ti,nd that for three quarters of a mile from the bunga'OW, tho street

was a riv:er. We drove on through it a bl(lck or so, and found it up io

the horse's knees. So we decided to make a doto::!r, and we turned to the

left and went round the Swe<lish :Mission oompoond, approaching Capron

Hall from the other side. But we soon got into the water again, and

f!rove the last part of tue way in wa,ter up almost to the hubs. It was

slow an.d hard going for tIle· hrlrse, and we were more than an hour in getti11g home.

We found the bridge across the" moat" at the entrance t, our com·

})ouml,c('\'())'eli a foot ,deep, and were almost afraid to cross, because tho current was swift, and we were not sui'e that the bridge was uninjured.

But'the driVel: got down and .lead tll~ h~)rse. A little way inside the gate

tlie' gr.:>und'is higher, so we found our own driveway.

Frldriy inorning wuen we: woke; we were ou' an island. The water

Was riRi!lgfast, thougl!it: did 'not se.em ,to havc risen any during the night.

By half past seven it was coming fast enough to huve reached the garden in front of the bUllgalQw. We , .... atched t,he current swirling around the

trees, mi.d thought it quite likely, that berore the morning was Q'\er we

would be ''Wading onto Wc' are Oll a low piece of land close to the rivcr.

Sc.1lOol was in 'session as usual, and you would hardly 'know t.hat any­

thiugullllsual wasg-oi1lg' on, except tliat Il:stepping-stone path had been l~jtl from the, bungalow to tl1e s('hool,and the servlluts were, trying, with

1lOO1' 'succe~s on ac~ount of the' strength of the C11l'~()llt, to lay a dam

against,it t~ protect thei~' houses. At about ten the Im:pe~tor of Police

sent' ~'ord: that we 'Joust, leave ill half an hour, with our thl~ee hundred

girls, as ,the water would. rise four or five feet more in ,that time. \\-'bile

we w<i'r~, de1:;l~ting whether we (!ould hope to keep the girls in the second

storYr <if.: the scbRO~ and, co<;>k their rice there, t.he Inspector'hiluself came to wari~ us. \Ve had'todecide quickly, and ,v~ n.c~epted his kind offer to

bring a rescue party Rud take the ~i~ls o::'t. S6 the teach'e~i! and the

01p.E11' girls and the ,s1;l.ITaq.ts. carrie{i the school records al,lll books to the ~~~ppd' Rtory of tl~e, sch~~l, ~nd we in the bungalow, did the fla:me. We \ rl ~ . '\, \ .. ~ .. ' . , ' '\ ,{. 1 • " ~', _ ' .! , , '

put 'the books ou' upper' shelves or upstair!;, We carried the keys and

wbrk~· Of'I118 piano, the music, silver, and drawersfuU of 'record books

upstllirB, along with all the amllllfuruiture,llud some Jarge pieces, piece­

meal,

In the midst of all this actidty, Dr. Parker, who had hear,d a rumor

uf tho 'floorl, CIlDle over. She had nlet Ml', qh&Qdler,ou his VY~l OVE!l' aud

brought him along in her car. They had to leave the Bubo at some dis­bmce, and waned in water breast.high.

By this time the poHce party and the teachers had conducted the

girls out by the back way. carrying the little ones. 'I'hey did not have

to wade so far that way, and soon reached the railway embankment, lligh alld dry. Those who l;ved npal' euough were sent home. All the rest

were taken to the East Gate Church, where they dried their clothes. A

hundred an':l seventy were thus left to be cared for on the hospital ('om­

pound.

Mr. La wson who had also started out to come over on othcr business, and had left his motor-cycle at some distance waded in, und superintend­

ed the moving of the piano from the top of the library table where we

had put it, to the stair landing. While they were moving some of the

heavier furni'ure, making the rounds of the school to see thflt all were out, and that things "ore being left safely, we in the bungalow dash~r1

out of our clothes and into bathing suits. It, was almost noon beforo nIl

this was done. But the water had not come the predicted four feet,

thongh it was still steadily rising, and had reached a line within an inch

of the fiOl)r of the verandah. ,\r e were an odd-looking procession as wo came out of the side door

of the bungalow. 'We fOl1l' were most suitably dressed iu bathiug' suits.

Dr. Parker, aud the others were well bedraggled.

We went a1'm in arm until we reached the caiJlo across the dit eh

It was a hea,y rope cable, tied on 0111' side to a palmyr.1 tree, Rnd on the railroad sid3 to a post. :Men were statiuned in the water allJllg it to pass us over, like a bucketbdgade. 'l'he wator was breast high. Up to

this point jt had been not more thun knee deep, so this struck me as a

i'~al adventure. I started out rather independently, hand over hand

along the cable, scorning any help. But I must have put too much weight

on my hands, because as I got toward the middl~, where the current was

strong, my feet came up on the other side. I recognized them iu time to

claim th~m again, and get them down. ~ut no-real mishap occurred, and

we followed the railroad embarkment to the first crossroad, ,,,hel'e seve­

ral autos waited to takens to the hospital compound. One was from the l\lills, one from the PoHce . InSpector. The water was rushing ill a torront tnrough the viadncts where the road and our ditch go under.

As we ca~e ,up to the crowd of people and the cars, we mnst have

been a pretty sight! Some of the English officialdom I met there for the

fint time. And there wel'e a lot of Indians, some curious, some them­

selves refugees, some passing intent on their OWl] busin~Bs, leaving their

houses to go down in the fiood, .and carrring helldloads of tlJoir beloDS'inS's,

4

Little did we think as ,YO entered tho compound in state, on Decem·

ller first in nineteen twenty. one, amid the joyful acclamations of the

whole school, that on the same day a year 'hence 'we would be esca.ping

througli a hole in the cactus hedge at the ~'mlr!

They iook us to the East Gate compound, where )I1's. Chandler gu\'e

us all that was needfl11, inc1uding breakfast. We Imd packed a little iiil trunk with tllC thingR we tho':ght we would want, and a kind Indian had

c:I1'ricd it.,out on his head:

We 1Ia"e suffered DO ill effects from the flo,)d. The water did not

rise any higher, after an, amI lIothiIig intho bUD6Talow or the school was

injured, 'fhe compound shows some injury. It; h::'.8 broken out in holes

11lIU dep essiolls wors'~ tha~ ev~r, 'mllch to ]1 iss ~oyes's distress. A big

section of the wail behind the compound 'o'r1 :t'h'~ river side fell dO"~l1, 'l'he priimlr.V shed "sat down" and' so did a ,,;ood store·room and the

s"oecper's}iouse. Some injury has been doric to tbe ve;andah floor at tho

school. 'The totul dfUJ1'lge when repair2d, and it must ue done immedi·

ately, "'il1 ~'ost 11 thousand uo]]a~'s,

"'e came hack on Monday after the fIool!, and put illill!s to

~i~hts again. Exc(>pt f.,r the ~r\lUnd ont;;;i1e, y~~ would hnruly kDo,~ UllY,thillg', hu~l. happcn~d.

I. Personnel. In 1873 the I Fathers" ~yere bearing the heat and bur­

de,n of the da.y. Rendall and :Miss Ren­:Missionaries. Q~ll in Batlagundu1 Cheste! and Mrt).

Chestel'.in Dindigul, Noyes in Periaku­lam, Burnell and 1\1:1'8. Burnell in Melnr, J. Herrick and ~rs: Herrick in 'Tiruinanga'lam, 'W. T~'acy and M~rs. Tl'acy in Tirupuvanam,Mrs. and)\fi8s Taylor in ~Ianda­pasalai, .and in l\fadura J.,E. Chandler,and Mrs. Cha~d­ler,'Dr~ and ,Mrs. Palmer and Miss Sisson. ,Not one,of them is in the field today. On1y three are alive, 'I)iz: Mrs. Mary (Eendall)H,Ol'sley ,i~ Engla~d, 1\1issTaylor in an Old Ladies' Home in Los Angeles" and Mrs., Palmer in Kansas. Dr. ,Vashburn then on furbugh, is living in -Meriden, 'Conn'1 at the ·a;ge 'Of 90 years.

, ·Dr.Wilderand-Mi88 'WYlnllll werc united in ma,rri. age in Madura on the 15th January 1923.

,In ~leIlloria111. Changes h'tve occurred even th~s last yettr. 'Ve mourn the loss by death of

three 1U3mbers 'of our circle'. ' 1\frs! Cunningham died on the 23rd Ju,ly, ,~{r. Zuml)ro on the 17th October,and Mrs. Vaughan on the 23rdDecember.

Eleven years ago we welcomed to our mission circle Mrs. Cunningham to live with b.er daughter Miss Swift.

Mrs. Cunningham has not figured in our mission reports, but has for all the8~ ye:1'rs been a happy, inspiring presence in our circle. 1-Ier keen interest in all of us and in the mission work, hercl~eerfulness in social relations, ani. her p:1tience under the 'increasing disn,bi.l~ities of age, have eriGe trod her to us. And';when.o11 the twenty-third of July, at the ti pe age of eighty-eight M r8. Cnnningharn

laid down the burdens of life we were cnmforted in onr loss by the inspiration of her life.

'", ' , " '

What is age but yout1?-s' full blJom, A ripe~, more transcen~ent youth! A weight of gold I s never old ; Streams bro:1der grow ,as do ~Yn ,yard rol1cd.

At sixty-twoJife, has :beguu; • At seventy-three'b~gin once inore ; Fly swifter as thou. near'st the,sl1u, And brighter shine 'at eighty-four.

Mrs. Vaughan was in her thirtieth ye'ar of serVJCC m the' Missiori. Rer health was failing at home and she had onl)1 recently returried from America. She was 'a true "mother in Israd " and died among her own loving :peorle,'as was her desire.

Mr. Zumbro was an o.uttitanding man ill.',ed,ucation and" a hero in his 'pa~ient assistance and quiet devotion," He came to India in 18fl4 and was connected with the ~ducational work of the Mission during the whole of his lllissic:mary life. In thew-ords of Mi'. Wallace,

In his service to the Mission, t(l the Oollt!ge, to the Uuiversity, and to the cauae of Educatiou' in the distriots of Madura and' Ramnad, he ulanif"sted always 11 largeness of mlnd nnd of sympathy that made him l\ true l~ader. . Riflpower of leadership was due to the st~ength of hili! Christil,l+l oharfloter, his Found judgmf'nt. his large vision, liis capacity for

work; his calmness of mi~d and p~ise of spirit. What gave him a pecu­

liar inflnence a.nd power ~.iS. f1is?apacity and unvarying tendency to see things from the Indian BtflD'{lp?int.

'Ve have welcomed back to the Mission Dr. Parker on the 25th.Februa,r.y, ifr. and Mrs. Vaughan on the .l5th October and Miss Quiekenden on the 23rd N ov,=mber. We have also :welconled .our new members. Rev. and Mrs. and Master "\Yolsted, who arrived Sept. 27~ ~[ention has been made of Mrs. Vaughan'S: death.

Mr. and Mrs. Bess,~lr. ~nd ~Irs. Martin and Mr. and Mrs. Lorbeer went on furlough early in the year.

Mr. and Mis. Dickson left the work in ~falabar the latter part of the year, and have been assignell to resi­dence and work in Pasumalai.

In ) 873 the-re was not a railroad in the Dietl ict. But one was planned and was casting its shadow before it. Father Herrick anJ;icipated its having an influence upon caste and idolatry., He said, "Caste receives a shock among travelel;S by railroa.d every day; a.nd it does Dot 83em to me that people can long continue to worship ,blo~ks pf stone, when d~ily' accustomed to see the iron horsemoving.Iapidly along with his heavy load." . When it came il11875 .Caste did ind~~d take notice. A Bl'lthman on his way to ¥adt;lra ;looked pver the train at, a station twenty-five mii~s away and fOll~~ it~oo dimclllt~o ~ub-

7

mit to. so turned to his springless bullook .ca.rt Bud made ihe journey at the rate of two miles an hour.

But Caste ha~ great ca'pacity for adapting itself to circumstances, and the railway has become its servant. Idolatry flourishes on the great multitudes bro1lght'to its festivals by the rail way.

"Box-bandies" were the chief conveyance for those missionaries, with bullock power and bullock rates of speed. Now the ba.ndy has given way to a lTIOre s'pacious coach and carriages and motors are chiefly in the run­ning. Is this all gain? Certainly not incoming into personai touch with p=ople along the way. In the slow bandy the missionary gained a personal knowledge of every place he wentthtough arid o{ almost every per:ion he met. " '

Personal touch was stronger then th::tn now not only in the missiona.ry sphere, but also in the offichil sphefe. Collectors remained longer in their districts and knew them personally and administered government with greater liberty of action. Hules and restrictions h,aVl8

be€n increased, greater opportuni ty of appea;l to highe:r authorities, and more frequent transfers h'1ve kep.h' the governmental machine ever on the move.

On the other hand there is much to the credit of rapid transportation. Am~mgtl~e guests

Guests. entertained by the Mission ,durin,g the year were 1\1r. and Mrs. Fred. B~ 8ruith,

who came in connexion with the campaign for Interna­tional Goodwill and Peace. As a corporat~ member of t~e American Board Mr. Smith wished to see something of work outside of Madura. So Mr. and 1\1:1'8. Smith were conveyed in a motor car by Dr. Banninga from Pasumalai to rrirumangalam and what they saw gIves Us

a., bird's-eye view of tl1at va~t of our field.

At Paeumalai they were astonished to see 80 la.rge&. work fot­

Ohristian yonngmen, and to learn that we are tmining them in so large 11\'llriety ~)f' ways for usefnl Christian' work. In ouevillage they saw a 801,1001. eondncte,d .by the Y.M.e.A. In anpther there wera 80 children,

the nlajority being Kallal's, whose brightness and 8implio~ty and 8&1'­rings" and' Christian songs an pl~ased~'therri i'mmensely At Timmanga.

lam they S·lW the Boarding Sohool, the Church, an:f the vilhge people, a.nd dis(\u~sod with the1'8&identMishionary and his 'Wife thoir difficnlties and ·,oompensations.

'rhe box-bandy would never do for guests.

Another guest was, the Rev. V- P. Mamman of the Syrian Church. Of him Dr. Banninga writes" "He speaks with highest appreciation of ,the efficiency with which we carryon work for the young. A t tl1~ same time he sug­gests that something be done for our Sunday School work in order that there lllay be uniformity of lessons .and a h~tter supply pf 'literature:"

Still other guests, whose presence was very much appreciated, were Prof. Geo. M. Dutcher of Wesleyan University in Connecticut, who gave three lectures at the College. on the Basis' of. International Ol,'der, and Prof. C. H. Van Tyne of the University of Michigan, who also lectured at the College, on Political Parties in the United States.

The attitude of the pp.ople has passed through inter­esting phases from an apologetic attitude that acknow­ledgeddefects and crudities in their worship and other practices. through a long period of fanatical zeal that admitted' no defects,idealising all that otherwise seemed crude and immora1, to the present when a wave of nation­alism isswe~ping over the land' submerging religious fervor in the effort to bring together into one stream Hinduism, l\luhaminadanisIb and other' religions t even Christianity as well.

This is modifying Caste indeed, but Cas'te survives a.nd will onJy yield' to a vivifying force that will take sup­reme hold on the new life. That force we believe to be the Spirit of the living God.

'Vith the nationalising spirit that aims to unify the masses has come a disintegratjng tendency that has wrought a cleavage between the Non-Brahmans who are the grelt majority, and the acute intellectual minority, the Brahmans.

These are hopeful movements whose end is beyond our ken; but in the midst of them we live und work.

Our associates' are still, as in 187:2, Pastors,' Cate­chists, Teachers, and Bible Women.

Pastors. Of the fifteen Pi1stors in charge of churches fifty years ago only one is living,

viz., Rev. S. Isaac of Ram bam. Two Pastors have b3en ordained this year, one at

the extreme southern b:)l'der, the other at the extremo western border.

The former was ordained at Sevv;11patti on the Red Gravel Ridge four miles from the sea on our southern shore, 63 miles from Ma,dura, where p::Llmyrahs and sand are the chief products.

Getting there involved 27 m.ile~ from Madura hy rail in the glare of noon. Then 11 miles by taxi to Aruppu­kottai where lives the Mission1.ry wh'J is Ch'1irman of the South L~~:11 C;:>un~il, the ordaining body for that region.

The taxi wn.s a great improvement on the alternative conveyanc~, a pony jUtk1. Bat this m~tor had to stop

and replace a tyre that h:1d a pun~tllre with one that had a cJ.rbuncle. FiJr the tyra in res:!rv~ h1:1 b33n pltchel up with ~, protruding bunch of rags.

10

, Th,e next afternoon found two or us stretche,d out in n, missiona.ry bullock co~~h. U ndernea,th the boargs tha~ su.pported our luattrass ware olothes, oha,irs, provi~iona,

boiled Wl1ter to drink ani neW' Bibles for distribution. l~ was the Puhu8.ln of the PdilmyrilJUS and we tru,veped at two miles an hour,

At evening we lodged in an old bun6alow occupied Gnly at one end by the family of the Indian P..Lstor. For­ty-five years ago Mlssionary Howland was occupying the bungalow with his family, whan he determinsd on h!lving a new church that would improve the standard of the mission church edifices. By his mechanic!ll skill he directed the Indiln c:1rpanters while he worked on the high sharply sloping roof with his own ha.nds and erected a'handsome cruciform structure, thttt introduced a new era in church architecture in the Mission,

After Howland's death the NIissionary's re~idence

was transferred to A~uppukotta.i and the congr!3gation dwindled, until now there are none to worship the~e, and the, fine church with comp:1ri1tively little deterioration stancls as a huge monument to the dead.

Twenty miles still sepuated U3 from our destinatiolf and that m9:1nt an all-da,y journey in our Pulman of the Palmyras. The heat of the tropic sun WJ,S mitig~ted by a cool sea breeze as we drew nearer the shore.

Sevvalp:1tti was reu,ched bJfore dark. A teIft was ready for us nex~ to the church. SJon after «;mr trrivi11 c-ame the Indian ministerial brethren, four' fro~ the South Local Counci1, and one, tho new Pa.stor's predeces­sor, from the Central Local Council.

On the fourth day, the day of the ordinatiQll, ,the forenoon was spent in conference by laymen ~nd minis~

ters on problems of tbe LocalCoqocil.

'-,

11

The ordina.tion in: the afternoon WQ,S a, hlend~ng ot the usual western forms with ear-piercing eastern m~sie 9f ,horns and di'ums and the bestowal of garlands an4 limes. The righth9.nd of fell.owsbip W~3 fitly giv:en by the predeoessor of the new Pastor, who himself had served the Sevval pa tti Church 26 years~

The new Pastor, Rev. N. Ma.th8w, h:ld ser¥ed in the place as a catechist ,and was well-known to all. He had to feed nearly 200 guests, and some of the villn,ge congre .. gations hn,d help3d by furnishing bushels of rice. After he h'1d been recognised as Pel/star by the Council, before he was called uponto pronounce the benediction he was clothed. by his p30ple with a black and white ,surplice, and then his neck was loaded with garlands, so that as he stood forth to pronounce the benediotion he looked like a veritable swamy.

After the service in the church came a procession through the village halted at interva.ls by dances of men and led all along by dancing and grimacing drummers. The procession rllovec1 first to the hous3 of a prosperous bymn,n who i:; an efficient member of Church and Coun­cil. Prayer was offered there. Finally it ended at Mr. Mathew's house where prayer was again offered.

The fifth day and most of the night were spent on the return journey of thirty-seven miles to Aruppu­kottai in the ever-reliable Pulman of the Palmyras. On the way we looked in at a little improvised hospital in a thatched building. There on t·he mud platform and the floor were six in-patients, one of.theth a youth who hld been gored by an ox. This medical work was conducted by a young ma.n who3e tmining was solely that which he received as a compounder in Dr. Van Allen's hospital in Madura. It was oettel-·,tha.n most villages can boast 9f.

12

'The return home oJcurred on· t1ie 'sixth da,y.' One more iform' of conveyancs was :nec3SS!1fY. A riK:sh$w had to be-used to re3,ch·the offbe dfthe 'l110bJr~bus. H:1d it been the rainyse!1s::>n th3 joutney could not 'have beeu ma.de at all. Fot thec0tton soil that w!1spassed 'over in cart trackB would have been animplssable, sticky mass -of;black mud for m'1ny miles.

'Th3 oOthsr ardination need not b3 descri'bed as it wa.·s more 'or less similar, though it had one Oriental touch of,its own, viz., an elephant.

The b::dy of c!1techists forlllerly at work, eSli~cil1Uy · 'those called Station Catechists; has been

Ca'te(·hist.s· merged in the pastoral and teaching groups. , '~ rrhey are now either Pastors or Teachei;~

Catechists .. , The growth of the wOl:krequires'corres; ponding increase in funds, and one way of 'securing in­crease 6f funds is to set the Catechists to teaching school whereby '~hey can secure government grants. The fignres here 'are' significant. ; In 1873 the number of Catechists was 103;'lirl'1922, Dr. In 1873 the ~Ulnber ,of masters in "YiU'age ~nd Day Schools wa~; 101; in 1921, 25J:

Teacl~ers.

If lllap.y Catechists are teaching, so also are lllany Teachers caring for little congregations. 'Vithout them much. of

our work would suffer.

, In aU our,higher institutions there arc many Teach­ers of high-grade training and jine experience, both men and women, who are. the mainstay of 'Our eduoational work and with whom.it is our privilege: to be associated.

A unique group of our associa'tes is the cOmpany of Bible 'Yomen.· The work that called

Bible Women. for the appointment' of such wodmrs began, a:s ~{jS8 Root Sl1ys, in Madura Ofty

18

in 1867 "in response to the request of an influential man who wished his family to lea,rn to read." The first Bible "Voman was appointed ,in 1869, but it was not until 1880 that this class of worker'S was tabulated as Bible 'Vomen. They were at first called Bible Headers.

To picture to yourself :1 Bible \-Varnan you must, in the words of Miss Root,

ill agine a pleasant faced Indian Woman with her gracefu1 dress

walking along ,yjth dignity. In her llands a bag containing the BiLle,

song book an~ the study books for beginners. She is on her way to tllC

Hindu home~. In the city shcgoes through the r,tI·eets prowded with

carts and people, and in these days the ubiqnitous motor cars with cattle,

dogsaud children tlll·own in still to remind of orioll;talistn J She goes

not ~nlyinto the large houses all the broad streets, but in the nar'row

Janes into the Yery humble homes. MaTJyof the women of the leisure

Class are glad to listen to her st.ories and songs. Women who are OCCll­

pied with various work wsIc-ome her also, and she bits down in the:r

midst to tell them the ghd n.ews she brings.

In the ,illages slw fiuds the women in the fields, I:Lnu at tIll! well with their water pots, us .well as in the homes. M ell and boys cpngregate under

a ,,-ide spreading tree in the centre of tlie village, or in tho open thatch­

ed roofbuiJdillg which serves as the 'flown hall .. Here they talk I:LlllI

g-amble, b11t areoftenJ~lad to have the Bible Woman stop to !'peak to them,

and pve them tracts. Singing' the Christian songs draws I:L crowd of men, ~vQ~en and children. .

The Bible Woman talks to' fIle women in tbe houses and helps th~m in any way that they need her help. When they arc ill sl.e urges them

to come to the hospiwl andofteu accompanies them' there to encourage

them.

It is all evangelistic~\'ork, but as we strive to teach them to read the

Rible themselves, some of them must first learn 'to read. So here and

there she fiuds.her pupils,women of middle age and over, and, girls of

twelve and upward, and beginning ,yi~h th" ll:lttev~ and simple wordsi amI a book of scripture selections, they finally are able to read the Bible. ,A.

Bible stndy lesson, with Yerses, prayers, and songs is taught each pupil

with the Bible as text ,book. It is wonderful to be able to take ODr Scrip.

tures into so many of the orthodox Hindu homes. In some cases theY

~o not realize the g'l'i'u;: co~trast bet"yeen OUl' Bible aud their religions

b~oks, ortentiiey 'are indiffe~ent, or minimize the inflnence which the

Bib]ea~d these Christian teachers exert amollg theU1.

1-1

There is a growing unity a.mong the Bible Women, and l1101'e of a feeling of possession in the work. They visit one another's work and if one is ill or leaves the work, they feel' responsible for that work until some arrangements can be made. They are beginning -to !:ave more appreciation of ·th~: financial difficulties of the work.

In 187:2 the number of Bible Women was 5; in 1922,89.

II. Church and Congregation.

Organised churches are the crown of missionary effort. From the baptism of the first

Churches and Pastorates. convert until the transfer to experi-

enced consecrated Indian ownership of a Christian Church with equipment and resources cmnplete, our work in India has this for its great aim. 'Vhen this is accomplished our great work is done.

For seventy-five years we strove to organise local churches that would band together for the evangelisation of the District. Then we plamied a system of Pastorates whereby territorial groups of c:mgreg~tions should be e.~tal>lished and united in councils dependent on a single council. This IS the constitution 0f the Ma,duraChurch Council.

In ,th~ __ proce.ss of development _ from local churches to pastorate churches the number has increa.sed by one in 'fifty years, the changes being largely from weak local churches to strong Pastorates.

-The best illustration of this development js perhaps in the South Local Council, where Mr. White reports "eight strong churches orga.nised into seven independ~iit Pastorates, eac~ with ite ownEngJish~speakingI,ndia,Il

A PJ,;RM.\SEST ('11111<'11 BnLDING, ISllIA

DR. FRANK Y.\S ,\U.f;S, ISO(TI .. \TISG FOR LEI'ROS\' .\1' TilE

ALBERT VICTOR :\IEMOIU.\I. HOSI'IT.\L, :\[ADl'I!.\

.\ VII.I..\(;"; ('()S(illt,;(i.\TI()S IS SOt:T11 INDu.

OI'J,;IUTIS(i HnOM 1:\ HU"'·IT.\L AT K"U\IK.\S.\I., ISIlI.\

f'ite of structure given hy l\[lIdurll Mission; cost of build­iugs !lnd equipment met by populllrsubscriptioll lind grunt from government. The hospital ii for use of visiting doctors !lud their 1)lItients.

15

Pastor, and with:1 PastOl'ate Committee financially res .. ponsible for the maintenance and conduct of its Church and forward evangelistic work."

If Ohurches aro the crown of missio:lary work, Con­gregatioDs are. the basal structure erect­

C .. ngregations. ed on the one foundation, which is Christ. On that foundation have been buiH much

woodJhay, straw, but also gold, ~ilver and precious stones. The first Congregation was formed in 1839, five years after the establishment of the Mission. In 1849 the COD­gr~gation in Madura wa.s described by a missionary Jady as follows :-" Of children from the Boys' School and Girls' Da.y School there were 40, of beggars 12, servants, helpers and wives, beside myself, altogether making 72." ChIldren, beggars and paid workers, these three, and the greatest·of these was children. Contrast the numbers of th!llt Congregation with the numbers in the Congregations of the four Madura Pastorates to-day, and we find more than· fifteen hundred in the City, nearly six hundred being north of the river.

In 1872 the village Congregation of Sattankndi was started by a weak folk. The famine of 1876-8 brought them a chance to enlarge their profession of weaving and started them on a period of growth that has not ended yet. The church they worship in was built at an expense of R3. 4,500 when lab::>r and materials were cheap. Of thir;; sut;ll. Rs. 2,000 came from themselves, Rs. 500 from Hindu friends and Rs. 2,000 through· the Mission~ aries.

In the early days admission to the Congregation was not by baptism, but by registration. After six m~Jhths or. so of testing they were registered in the con· gregatio:Q. regi~ters. Later on, when they 8howe~ by their life and intelligence in Christian things t:Q.a(they

16

Were qualified to be admitted to the Ohurch ascommunl';' cants they were baptised and received to the communion. Baptism then accompanied admission to the Church .

.As feL[ as t~eir relation to their Hindu relatives was concerned, when they gave up the rites of the Hindu religion arid placed themselves under 'Christian instruc­tion and direction they were to all intents and purposes regarded as Christians. Now baptism has taken the place of registration jn setting them apart as Christians. It is a more defiriite mark of the step they have taken and m·aybe a wise distinction to put upon the1n~On the other hanu there is danger that they will think. t4e outward rite to be the essence 6f Christianity: instead of the new life which lllUSt be within them.

In making this ;change our Mission has fallen into line with most other ~lissiQns~

The finest group of Congregations is the South Local Council. Mr. 'VVhite.writes, " The Christian : community now numbers about 8,000 souls scattered among more t1:tan 130 different villages in the midst of 3, ;totaL popula­tion of over 350,000 ... In ourstr~ngest Pastorate to-day out.of 56 villages in all we hav,a Christians in 30, or 1110re than half/' ,In other Councils also there are places of satisfactory incre,ase. ' ,

In,a; small village approached onlyby a cart ·track thr"ougli; plowed' fields there are 60 families of Panchama;s~ Of .these 29 families have united informing a hew Ohfi'ist­ian Congregation. They have built themselves a prayer house of mud and thatch, only the rude door and' two small windows being contributed by others .

. Sunday :the 27th August' was appointed as the day for their making puplic'profession of 'Christianity by baptism, Christhl,ns'aud Christian workers from "alt

17

sides assembled in :the-·morning. Two motQ(Jc.ars came within ai shQrt :distl1nce, the first that had ev/e,!; ,approach­ed that village" }i'rom ·the motor cars ap.q, th~ough the

-·;:narrow lanes of the vilbge the compn.ny moved in ,pro­"cession led., by tomtoms In.aking a Joyful noise :unto God.

First the n:ew praj:er~house was dedicated by song and prayer. A lady Missionary opened it and invoked

'.God'sblessing upon itjand then. .it' was crowded to its utmost capacity by th~ asse):Obl~dQhri~ti~n8J most~y

seated on the floor. It was so crowded that wecou~d not stand up to sing lest we should not all get down again. Jasmine wreaths were put upon the necks of the ladies and other, guests.

"Vith the reading of Scripture and prayer were two shortaddress8s and then the business of the day was carried .qut. Two Missionaries standing one 'at each end of the table with b~ptismal font between baptised the ,new Christian~ .asthE'y came up by families and k,nelt, parents on one ,side and children on the other. Infants in' 'arms were baptised jn their mothers' arms, but other children were baptised as they knelt. One family of three received the names Abraham, Sarah, Isaac. Little bashful gh;ls that might have objected to' kneeling apart seemed' to think it was a b~g thing to do, ana smilingly took their pl~~s, f,L1ongside their. ,big brothers or sisters. Thus 30 men, 29 women, 98' boys and 24 girls were baptised -in the name of the Father and of the. Son and of the Holy Spirit.

'. . Of;ferings wer~ given and the trieetingclosed, to be iQll()wed by many personal gJ:eetings and cOllversatioils and' a, feast for the guests.

Wha,~, wrolls1?-t this change?" Forty years ago a. small school was maintained' here for a term of years.

~ ,

2

· f\:fore than forty years ago M issionai'Y arid Evangellsts · were coming and going, and ever since gospel preaching and personal iufluence have been brought to bear on the

· 'people. Relatives' in' other villa·geshave become Chris­,tiansand had their' influence.. (f One sows and another ,r~aps;" , "ot~er, men have ,·toiled," ,and we" reap the profit of their ,to,il."

The gL'owtn of a congregation in a ~uburb of Madura .city is illustrated by ZUID bropuram" of which Mrs. Zum· brdwrites 8iS follows:-

Zumbl~opuram is a Oil~i~tian settlement two furlongs to the nOl th­'. ~est of the Amelica'n ObUc~e. : It covers an area'of' one acre.

About 30 years ago two or three Ohristian families came to Madura

from Tinnevelly, in searchoFwork. ~'heir occupation was palmyra climb­,jug, they madp their ,1ivin~ by selling t,he sweet juice, leaves and leaf

stalk!" of this Fl~st lIseful t;l'ee., As there were a lal'ge nllmber of pahu:,yra tre~s north 'of the ri~el' Vaigal they settled at GoripalaYI1111

obtaine'd sonic 'treesfo~ lease and began to work.

" :Th,~i~ succe~s drew m'ore and mOl'e of their relatives to join therl!.

, They' soon bonght'it plo't~ of-land and, built their houses ,:upon it. :This plot

represented the site wher,e t\l~ Scienae ,Hall of 1t1,1e Oollege now stands.

:i .About ~en families live~ in this little community for four years till 1915,

. Ther.e was a sehoo), and, the s~h()oll,lomoe did duty .on Sunday as a.

church .... nlCSe O1ll'istians iorzred part of the 1\IaduraEaRt ·G3tl~ Church.

Dn~~lfg',t)ti~,\ip?e +h,e 9C?,llrge moved :rr.~Ul Pasumalai, to Madura to the "present site nO'l~th ~)f the river V,aigaL ' , ,

• '-'~' Sh,or,~]y afterthis fheM~dil~ Municipality de~ided 'to purchhse f!'OlU

: the o~ners', ~ tarke piec90i' lUlid nOl¢b: 'of the river, for town-eJl.i:cl1sion.

,! 'TIi'e plot (\f,giou~d on which these Ohristianslive,d formcd~a;pal·t of the

land thus acquired by the Municipality. ,j n "

'.A. ; n9~.tnal, sum" ~~, mODey ""as paid to, ~achqRl'istian family for the , lllnd ~nd' house,it o'~ncd. N~ vacant site was 'a'vailabIe and the money

, tl1ey b~d'~'as ~~t ~~ffici~~t' to-brly larid' and 3:190 to build hous~~ •. 1'he

College did not think it right that these Christian peopleshoul(lhe 'de­

, }ll'ived of their hom.e~; and no attempt maqe to, heip th,clll secure, others. '1'11e Oollege ow~ed s~ll1e land flot far a",ay which they decided to sell

• to these pe~ple at a. rea,sonable pride.· TlteInuifwa.s di\'ia~dlnt~ sevaraI

'.i!)

plbtsiu three lives and called ·Zumbropuram. Year after year more houses were built so that at preseut there are 27 houses with 42 families

and l70 soals.

Most of the houses are built of brick. There is a school building

which;is'used also as the church, and which it! far too' small to accolluno· ili\.tethose who wish to worship in it.

"Afost of the Christians are from the Tinnevelly district. They are very industrious and thrifty, and contribute about a third of all the money

raised for the East Gate Church. There are a few teachers, writers and 'carflenters living i~ the village. A number from outside attend the

church service.

It is a joy to see how happy this little community hus been during

these eight years of its existence, and how loyal to the cause of Christ. Three acres :to the north of Zumbropurl1mhl1>c been bonght for the fllture exbnsion of the settlement which we hope will grow to be a strong Christian community wielding a powerful influence for good in this sec­tion of Madura.

Congregations must be housed to be permanent. As

HonseR of Worship.

Mr. White says, H such a bui1ding, be it a thatched mud hut, or the more pre­tentious brick and tiled edifice, is a verit­

able beacon of Christian light and truth in the village", Advance has been made in the willingness of Ch}:istians to provide themselves with such buildings ..

, The new Congregation at Koilpattiprovided itself with a narrow, low, thatch prayer-house before inviting the Pastors and ·Missionaries to meet and dedicate the buil~ing.

But in the building of larg~ churches in the towns the .Christians are as helpless as tp.ey w~re fifty years ago,,"I~1~72 the West'Gate Church '6fMadura was erec:ting a new building, and spe:pt thereon RB. 5A89. Qf this 42 per.cent was paid by the' Mission and 41 per

. cep.t was contribut:ed"oy I.C.S. and other officials' and

.- Eurdpean friends. The'remaining 17 per cent ~as made

up by the7~~gregation ~ith 2 per ceotl Indian ~rie~da

wi~h ,7 p:er cent} and members of t~e Mission with 8 per cent.

Nowthe increased wealth in the Christian, COID­

,l11unity is ,:balanced by the general increase of;costr,of labonr and Inaterial. BesBes that the oilicialcommu-

'nity, while it 'maintains the same spirit of friendliness that it, hasalw~y,s shown; ispot in'such close touch, with l\Essionwork, as in former day~. ,The r~sult is that l~rge buildings depend on occasional generous donations r~Qelv~d fro111 Alnerica. " ,

In giving our Christians are well ,trained. Contribu­tions in' gta~n 'r set aside daily hy the

'::i3ellcvolenge. ,/WOW~~ in, ~andfuls from th~ family meal and prese~ted on 'the S~bbath~' little

eart~eJf; Inite~~oAes,c!fl1e4 J111ay~w.~ < dis~r,i~~ted among th~ fa;Ip.il~e,~~Il4, brou,g'h( lIt. ~~ic~ a year, and Sunday

,<{p11~cti9ns'(h~~~', be~A in", vogue' ':tnqre' than'fiftyyeal's. B,tit an~ua,~ :a~h~crip~i;ns ;, ~nd' hf1~~est festi;ai offerings

h;a!;y! ~of~;:'):'e'H~nHY, ?~9?~~ ;tp~ 9.4;~ef;~~th~d, ,?~ lJ]eeti~g ~~~!.o~dfttary e~~yR:ses:?f ,th{ PaS~~~;1t~~. In a :p~~est festival it is ,IJ,Q,t, ,lluqs;u.al.to, s~eJhe f~ther ?fa, {~m,i~y

" :c9.f1e, ~9)he ~~~t, ~~,; put 40wn '·'o~ ~.t~e' t~ble~ J1 g~ld sQv:erelgn for,:hllllself and then add a l't;Lpee for hIS WIfe,

>~~dlgri~:: ~dr', e8:ch "ci('Ii'is chiidteti;' ill'cluding, 'it'may be, - the chjld iii its'·n1ot.hei"s arrhs:'that has just been baptised.

An exceptional case is that of one who gives Es. '150 at "every har+kstt festivaL>! ';.~' ,,'

;.-(." I'."'" ./ I, :'£ : ,_: j - ! . _ ,. ,. l

S'pec~~i ~i~~~ pf:;b~n~ypI~ti,?e. ~e ~:o~~' .p~~·s9wl1 a!:ld COllSplOUOUS. ,rrh~y ,JLfe gener~lly exlllblt~d In connec-tion :withthebujlding :?f 4Q~~~1~ ~}" worship. -~}f(;~hrte . gives the follpw,ing instances :-"~n ,a ,village ·~~er~, the

Ql1risti,ans,~,~e ifo~;:~';J?:o~r ~ooly' POPtlfl~t~~n " they ie(1rn~little ~¥pre th,a~ a: bare s~s,tenarice., ir ef they .,are ambitious to have their own church. By raisin.g subscrip.

tiona bere and tl\erea;qd;by q9~~g ~11;)~~~ bW1ding:wor~ themselves they ~ha:v~ erect~d to aU buttke last two feet ,. in h~ight the l~~d~a~d-stone)vaps oi'~"l~ouse .oF w.o:~·~hiR,~ that ~hould ~ccommodate 1.00 person~ Bitting on, ~~~\' fl(}()r. These, walls completed pllIinrulJ y bit by , bit a*.<L row upon row of. stones. ,aretheevidel+ce, .. pi. 'faith. in things not se(:3u." In anptger village ,a,Christi~ll widow: of llleans has ,d~ring the pa.st yell,l' spent abo;ut, Rs~. 69.0 in repairing the churph she attends., ,; ,

The building of a cheap prayer-hou~eof ID\ld and

t~atp~ may call ,f~l'th as ",1}luyh eon~ec.rt¥~ed; 1 y,ffprt , and faith as any. larger expenditure., It Ill,as:; be, la, ,Y~~~F!l'ql~ Widows mit~. , Hut when we s~e tb..erwhite ,ants dev'Qur­ing such' roofs'· and even t'he' ~ood'~~)l:k ,p);" F~e' "d~or~. and windows" or fire consuming' the' 's~~~, and' the : rains' disiiHegrating 'tbi{ i wa.ns, wefrel that. if. possible the poor Congregation'slshould'bft~helpea bo'build more substantially. ]n such cases the portion of a half or three-quarters that the poor'Oongl'eg.atiotl ... oan 'give is better conserved by the aid that enables them. to, build with brick and tile. We can tbel'efore appreciate the value of the new b'.lilding reported by l\1r .. glwood~ He

says, A church was ,dudieated in a. village this yl'Ql' cos~il1g about Rs. 2,::'00, '

tf)warus the cost'of which the ,Christiansofthervillag~ <S'a,ve three four~hs.

Although the exterioJl uf theil' very I;mbstantial huilding is not finished,

dedication services ",'ere held some months ago" a uti ,it 11as been used for

regular serdces. This is the fourth (·apacious and dllrfl,bl~cllul'ch th{~t thrl Cllristi:ins round about Dinq,iglll in, the,. last -few years ha-Y,e ,buil,t

largely at their own expense.

Caste reigns throughout the land andwben it is 'disturbed'by accessions to' the" Christian

Perseeutiou. community petty p'ersec,uticn is very apt to' follow.'Fpr instance in a village referred

to by Mr. White some thirty Panchama,s came to Christi.

,nity '1a,st;ya~rif One of them gave the M{f;Esl0n a, small site for a 'prayer--house between the houses of the Christi­ans and Hindus. The high-caste Reddies vehemently opposed the project, as it would bring the' dirty Pariahs' too near their quarters. They offered in exchange double the amolint of land on another side fartheraway~l That would have meant having a f Pariah' church with­out access· to ·othercastes and was refused. Thus far the Reddies have succeeded in blocking the erection of the new church.

In m~ny places the· Christians are the serVants of the high-caste Hindus and the latter fear that the: Christians will demand higher wages or become other­wise unmanageable.

When Christians .are patient in enduringpersecutio~ it ofte~ results in good. Fear pf the courts is at times protection.

Mr. Mathews writes:~

. In one small village, the scnodlhad been discontinued some 10

yeal's since, for wa.nt of funds! The 19rmer Congregation had dWin.dled till. there were only two or three. Christians, and these, not in good stand.

ing. Th~ee years ago, however, we were fortunate in finding a~ l!:vange­

list who, we believed, would be the proper man for that village, a~d we'

sent hinl to rel)pen the work. Among tne Hindus, was a middle-aged ulan who had ueen a pupil in the mission school, as a child; and was now h~ail.-111an of his caste. He and the' Evangelist soon became fast fri ... nds, and of COUl'se, were a great help to each,otber. A school was started,

and a good numher of inqllirers enrolled, from among whom, ,haIfa do~en

,,'ere bal)tized, tllUt year. The head-man promised to become a Christ­

ian, bu't post.poncd t.he date for his baptism, thinking that it. wonldbe

the si~nfll f,'r the Hindul'! to begin some sort a!; persecution,. ,~b~I.Hi~du people, fillding that he w~s not firm. injlnenced him~· to· tnrl1 back, &.urr

join them, in trying' to get rid pf the Evang,elist and the rapidly growing

Christian commupity .. Theil' argumentsfinaJly prevailed and he himself instigatedH, ghIig'of hoodlums t') :beat the Christians on a certain Sunday

evening' after' church, ' Thir~een. oftn~ converts were attacked)'ll·.n~ a. f~w .

seriousiy-;injured. The Evangelist's life was threat;ened1 and ~e was driven

Otlt 01 to'\\!n. When' I '\\'ent there,ho~~verJ everYthing s'eemi'Jt1 qutflt f blit l' reported the cnae to thepoUce,·and they sent a Christian officer, to inquire hitotheiacts. He· framed charges against the rioters, and the prosecution was about to go on. But, ,as fl'eq.ut;utly l1a,ppens in snch in-. stances, the non-Clu'istians, a-lYare that there was astrollg case agains':J

them, ea·me to terms befol'e the ~~cused had been cali~d fOl' trial, nlade pe~ce witli the Christians: paid part of their e'xpensJs, and' promised to

cause '~o further houble.But in order to u:i8.kc'sure of- the head-man's

good -fl:lith, a church meeting was convened, Rnd he was RRked to exchange :1 betel leaf, with the head-man.of ,the Christi,,!). c~mnlUnity ~A-. ~9~e~: of,d renewed friendship. All this was done in the presence of a large audio

ence after the 'Sunday morning service; and hostilities formally' c1ose~l.

Since this troubJe· subsided, sAveral of the Hindus, iucluding the

head-man, have requested us to admit them to tIle Chur~ ou confessiQu.

Last July 40 receiV'ed bal~Ljsm at one time j o);l~Jlis Q~casion, we expect • ,': t. ", ! ~ .• J : :- ; : . ", • I

a still larger accession of converts. When. these are reeei.ved into the. ' church it will make a very interesting' and impressive' se.r,~ic·~; and' ~~'m~' exert a wonderful influenc'c ou all the nou-ChI;istans of ~he ¥mage. ' The

church membership now llumbers some 75, allof whom are eD:rnestand 1iJ'm in tbe faith. The Congregation has passed through its period of per­secution and n w seems to be eu'tering' 011 a period of groVl~th. '1 he

Christians are brave and boll1, und are exerting a wOJldprfnl influence

upon tllC,pcoplc of the village, and surrounding towns. 'Ve ha,;e faith'

to beIi~\'e that the church wilJ continue to grow ~til the whole village' is evangelised.

III. Education When tha Mission commenced its work in 1834 it '

found ] 00 schools in :M ad ura City, and ~~,l~~~~~i!. within two years it had no less than 3:7

, of .its own. By 1872 it had n~ar~y 100, and in 1922 it had 259., These are now in the care of the Madura Church Council.. Individual s'!hoolsal'e kept down for want of room. Mr. Elwood reports as follows :-

If there were room it would be possible to have 400 hoys in one schooL Money is in hand for a new building and Government have given

free of cost to the 1fission a rock,Y hill, four and u half acres in extent J

ttpcI21''''hlch.H ~s hope4toel'e<'.t a n~w .Qna ,;ni~a.b1e .c1}ool,pt1il~ing. :Tha: .. town Bch()ol in Patni. fa in the eame,oondihion. J.11~t aS800n dQ n~~, . building can.be erected, our ,sohool will' beoome : the, ·forem,t)st. Primary

school in the town in.e.erY'1,'espect.

One, who as a boy was member of' a p'raying band in tl},e' Palni School ,and 'was niadQ by the Ml~sioiiar'y an objeQ.~,of special pray'er, 4~~,now ,~fter,t~enty-fiY~ 'years come· and informed the: .. Missionary "tha,t., he hasbe~n_ baptised and became an ;Evangelist.

Boarding Schools take ,children, ,when, they come to the secondary stage, of .education, at, an

Boarding Schools'&ge when they are, very susceptible to the irifhience of their elders arid when

they especially enjoy th'e companionship of their fellows.

'M~rs. Ma.thews well says:-The objPct of I he Boarding School is to cultivate the minds of the

cbilw-en,snd til lead them: to become useful Christian men and women. 'fhe,children reslJ~nd r~adily, and develop, and grow in cbaracter,' ,,"hile they are in the School, e.en thougb it may be for a very short period. Most .of them come fron:.. veryhuinble homes. Bu't in spite of handicaps, '

they have showu a el'owing sense of respOltsib~ties, are obediellt, Indus­tliuus and reliable, to a degree that at'mets the attention of all. ' When

!.ickut'ss comes to any of the childrl~n, the others will help, and care for him, and In many other way~ ,they s1!0!V:, that ,they have the i,!lterests of

the school at heart, alld apprecial°~~he:6~ortu~ity 't gives them for sp.r­

vi(le.; W h~le engaged in tbis work one comes to und~r,.;taud more cl~arly ; • '·~~ . .'I '. " ,', ~ ":J~: , ".,'",';1 ',"~' ""~ ii

the I eed for good schools in India under Christian mamigeme:rit, aild the

possibilities wrapped 'Up in' enm some of the mosthlnpromising boys and

gi;t~: wh.o:enter the School

, They certainly are a: joy to Missionaries, and the good . results . that COIDe from them are more evi'a'elJ. tthan' . insonle other forms of work~ Nor do they' cease~ with the years. Since this l'eport was hegti:h: an "old boy 7 'of: many years ago has come to the writer confessing that his life hRd not been Christian and \ asking to be baptised arid ~diUitted to the Church. ,\ .,j

,.:Ai one,tilne:the:Missloo thought 'that ev~ry Gutstation M~s&ionary should haves, ,BOtLl'ding School. Bu,t i on the whole the value of them has tended to make. us conceIl~l'~te on them so that they could be maintained at tM.highest degree ,or' effi~i~ncy.· This p~liQY led to the formatien of:anelaborate"buildingplan .tbathas been placed before our Home Boards tdwards which we are

working.

Fifty years;agowe had"five)n as many ·.centersJ~nd, now we' have the same nunlberin almost the same centers .. Mandapasalai :8'chool wasllloved. ito Al'11PpU~ kottai and Tirupuvanam to Manamadura, in each case beGa.use the missionary residence was given u,P in the former plac.e.

~I rs.Vi7hite reports that in the Aruppukottai School the girls number 100 and the boys 96. This is owing to special inducements offered togirls. Mrs. White writes,

It. is often hard to keep the girls in the majority. When the new

term began in JU1~e the b~ys came in hurdes, wbile the girls came in one by one. At tbe end of tbn~e dn;ys there were twenty more boys than girls and still coming. We w~re dismayed and firmly resolved to admit'

no more new boys. 'Then Abraham and his father came in. They had

walk'ed 30 miles from a .iIlage down near the sea. We sbook our heads: 'We al'eSorl"Yi hut no more boys are wanted. What we want is girls."

The father apparently did not take itin: "You must take this boy. We cam£: last year and you sent us away. Just take this one more b()y.' We explained and explained, 'but the father continued- to plead and the ,boy began to cry. Thirty mHes is a long di~tance to walk when one is disap­poillted. At last we weakc.ned, butcanti9nedthc father that unless more

girls came Abr!1ham woul~ be sent home. Next week the father came

bringing his two daughters also. Needlesl3 to say Abraham il3 still here.

~ ~8. ~lwpod reports that in the. Dindigul School t4ere:have been d,uring the past year 155 Plfpils, 63 :boys and: .. ~Q, girls, as . board~rs alld 4 hoys and 28. girls a~ da,'y pup~ls. ' 'I.'hismeans a greatiDcr~ase of girls si'nce ] 872, IPainly due to the numbers"of orphans, destitut'e children

26l: 1

ft,nd converts trom Hinduism, more than' thirty, bMng supported by funds from America. Mrs. Elwood rightly' says,

"'hat growth there has been has not been at au' 'commensurate 'With the growth oft-he Christhn community and the need for such Christian tru.ining for their children. We have not met Dor are we meet· '

jug the need for trained Ohristia]! workers.

Every inspection by Government officers brings us up 'against the inadequacy, of our school ,buildings and makes us feel the urgency of getting the new plan into 'operation. afthe Dindigul buildings Mrs. Elwood says further,

The inspecting officials of Government, are very severe in their criticisms of the very old and utterly inadequate bnidicgs, and are insist­

ent in their demands for new and adeluato buildings, that of the Medical

Officer being a letter of strong protest to the Boards responsible for these buildings and ex:sting conditions.

In February we had n.n epidemic of measles. We had no place in which to segregate the boys excepting in the old dormitory, a lal'ge sec­tio'nof the roof of which had fallen in. And one night another section fell

in falling just between two boyl'l, bnt by God's good grace just escaping

both.

"One case among the girls proved ,to be small-pox. We called the Mstlieal Officer. He WitS exceedingly ,angry when he fe-und that we had

no sick room nor isolation ward for.conta~ious diseases patients. As tht'r3 were cholera patients in the one ward in the l\Iunicipal hospital, he had to send the girl home to her village, there to become a source of infection

to others.

He wanted to close the school at once, but as it was It time of ycar

when four annu11 e:camim.tious take place we begged off on promise to

report at once any new case of fever.

Mrs., Elwood follows up the account bfa Naidti' bqy who had twice been taken away frOlIl the school in 1921, but whose brother h~d com'efrom the army iIi' ~fe-' sopotamia and per3u~dedhis parents to cease opposing the boy.' She w:r i tes :-

And 110 it ca.me to pass that in January 9ubblaha.ppGared and said.. wit.h shining fe.ce, C I have come this third time without opposition from mt pa·rents.' In Jllly Subb~h came to us one day and said, 'My little brother hag come and he too wants to be a Christian, will you receive him also?'

J told him to bring the boy. He brought him, a handsome lad of

twelve years. After, questioning him, I decided that we must save this

one also, and said t~lat he could remain. Row happy they both were!

.A few weeks 'later both came with a cousin whom they begged me to receive. .All our funds were gone but I deoided to receive this boy also.

But. he .did not etay long. He could not stand the separation from home

and so returned to his people.

In Ootober Subbiah appeared before me one day with another boy

of most attractive face, and said, Amma, this is another boy from my villnge who vonnts to become (~ Christian, tbis is the fourth one in my

class .in our village 8cho.ol who have depided that we will become Chris.

tians. Will you :t-eceive llim also;; , .

I began to wonder whereunto this thing would grow. But bcliedng tI!at if God is calling these earnest young soull'lout of spiritual darkness

into his marvelous li~ht, he will provide tor them, I consented to l'~.ceive

this boy also. Surely if they are willing to forsake home, parents, kin­

dred for Christ and the Gospel, we should h'ITe faith to believe that, as'

this work of saving the children is Rurely according to his will, he 'LeitZ

pJ.:ovide for .them. And so we have received twelve converts from Hin­

duism, six boys and six girls, this year. .And just at the close of the year

the support for the last one came.

Believing in the principle of helping dependent children to hclp

themselves w.e hegan in August an industrial class for them. Dindigul

being a centre 8f the mat-making industry of South India, materials and.

market being available, that seemed to be the best form of industrial wmk for us to begin.

}[ats 6t x 3 ft. are used by the majority of the people to sleep on.

The work of weaving tupm i>l done almost exclusively. by :Muhammadan

women, The demand is great and constant, the nUluber supplyingit relati vely small, S,o.far as we. can learn no Christians in our District are doing this work. In ,?pen~lg this we felt that we were thus introducing

into our Chi'istian c:~~mullity an entirely new industry. The work is clean interestiIlg and pretty. Thus we chose mat-weaving. .

Difficulties arising from the reluctance of the Mu­P..8Jm:madaus to endanger their trade· by revealing trade>

Recrets were gra.tlua,lly overoome by MrB~ Elwood, a young weaver who w'as 'also an expert designer 'W8JS

secured, a1so an old 100ll;l~ from which as a model 25 copies were made.

1\irs. Elwood continues, , ,." W ebegan almost at the b,eginni'llg to write down each step of the

p~~cess p~, weaving and weaving or fancy designs for borders llnd special

muttillgl just as directions for knitting and cr<lChettingare done. T'he teacher at o~ICe saw the possibilities of this and said, • It took me ten years

to iear'n' this designirig~ but you wanl: to learn it all in a few weeks'. 'Yes',

we replied, . we VI'o.nt every design you know'.

His our desire to, teach our boys and girls the details of the bu'Riness, and train some of them to 'become teachers. We are specialising in In·pt­

ty bOf~er designs believing that is an important part in the education of. these poor villagechildreli, who have never had anything of the beauti­

ful in their young lives, to be trained in appreciAtion of beauty of 'design

and harmony of color."

'The four Hindu Girls Schools of Mad-Hindu Girls Schools.

ura h~ve ~ history of about half a century, and have filled an important place in the Mission'S Chris­tian message.

, r" -"

The West G:ate School was started in 1871 and 24 friends, both Indian and European, limon subscribed Rs. 200 for its . first building Of these friends, only one is living, viz" Sir Frederick Nicholson, I.O.S., who is in hon­ored retirement in the Nilgiris, and is still active in pro­m'oting schemes for the welfare of the people.

The OentralSchooJ was opened in 1872 and ten years later was housed in its present building wi~hin an old gate of the Temple on land secured by l\irs.Capron with fWids frbm the Otis Legacy. Its reactions on' Hindu" women are felt in the work of Miss Root' as she meets the old girls -of the School .

. It celebrated its J:ubj~ee by a bqnfi:re that burnt off its ,th~tch :upper story,a.Wnnre ignit~~,by ~~e.jir~WQ~k~

29

of a passing marl'iageprocession. All kindergarten mlt. , 'terials and. several benches, almyrahs and tables were also destroyed. And now we ~re wondering whether ,it is worth maintaining. Other schools for Hiudu girls have grown up, and more and more, the In.dian Govern­ment'is assuming the 'responsibility of Elementary Educa-tion. ' .

The South Gate School was started in 1875. Ten years after it was housed in its own building with funds from the Knowles Legacy.

The, No;rth ~ate School followed in 1879. ,~i~e the Central School its site and bui~cling were secured by funds from the Otis Legacy. ~hissch061, too, has felt the pres-sure of competition from rival girls'schools. "

Miss Chandler calls attention to the change of condi. tions under which the work is carried on at present. She writes,

Fifty years ago two Schools were doillg pioneer work for girls in the town. Difficult as it often is at the present time to persualie parents

that their daughters are worth educating how much greater must it have

'beeu then when there were ltO such things 8S girls' schools 1Lnyw4ere /;lIse in the community; and when there must have been many wild rumours as to the motive of the Christians and the white folk in establis~g such

schools.

Toda)~ there are foar, each enrolling abont oue hundred, children.

No longer n,:r:e, we doing pioneer ,york h\girl~' eduo.ation. While ~u~lly

may not realize t~e deepest value of an education it is now. being, looked

upon as a gqo~ a~set t~ produ~e a ll1o~·e· va1uable bride when th~ time for

matrimonial arrnngements arrive, al> littl~schodl8 for girls are springing

up everYwhere and we are facing the problem 9.£ rjval schools whero any methods are resorted to which will entice the Hindu girls away from us.

I~ one case a harmonium and a promise or,free music lessons wa~ used. , , .

Another problem is the salaries of our teachers and the living condi. tions for our Christian women teachers. An attempt has been made to

start a regnlarscale of wages in accord with other :Mission institutions,

but it can hardllbe called ali7ing wage yet. The unmarried C,hristian

-30 ,"-bmen are at present living at Capron Hall without any room they can call their, own, simply depending on the cordiality and good will of those

wII() are already crowded to the limit for their comfort and ~·elf!lre. A liostel for tbese Christian Women who are working hard Rnd walking

daily through hot dusty streets is an imperative need.

A rec(>nt testimony comes t-o ournobice of how a-girl who had been

at the Xorth Gabe School aud later was lIla.I"lied to a. man who-became a leper, when ordered to make a pilgrimage to some of the holy places to

seek hea.lth for her husband, Rtood up valiantly and said, 'No, I'll take

y~u totlle Christian Leper .Asylum at Manamadura and cook for you but

I won't ml\ke any pilgrimages to idols lQ.ade- of stone.' She is - suffering

for her speech now but the spark of true Chl'istian courage shines for,th

and bl'ings compensation to our effort.s_

Hindu Girls ~chools are maintained in all our Church Councils, and are considered important. Miss Smith h~s charge of two in the South Local Council. One of them was started in Mandapasalai in 1882 with twelve chil­dren and one teacher. In 1894 it was removed to a build­ing in Aruppukottai and -occupied the upper floor. Later on a third floor was added for it, and in 1920 it was given the· use of the whole building. Again the growing School has ,become too large for its quarters, and the only pros­pect of relief seems to be in seeking the aid of Govern­ment in acquiring a new and more commodious site on which to build.

As we come to higher educational institutions there are only two that span .the half-century, viz., Capron Hall and Union Theological Seminary, Pasumalai.

Caprollilall. U Capron Hall ',' goes back to the be-ginnings of -the MiSSIon itself.

Otis EaB, now the centre of the' Bible Women's Work in. Madura, represents the middle stage of the Girls' ;a~gh and Training School. Miss Noyes thus gives its history:-

The growth of female education in -India is well illustrated by the

: _8'rowth of Capron Ha.ll. OfJened a.s tho first "school for gil'ls in the, d:is"

THE WELL I~ TIlE G.\IWE~ AT THE GIRL~' B():\H))I~(; :-'('HOOI. 1:\ \1.\)l'ItA, ):\,111.\

OTIS HALL. '\I.ADUn.\

trict in 1835; even after thirty·seven years, O'r fifty years ago, it was only a small Primary School of not more than forty pupils, and with a

man and his wife as teachers. Now the School consists of three Depart­

ments: first, the Normal School with four classes, t.he Upper Secondary,

training students of High School grade, the Senior and Jnnior Higher

Elementary classes. and a Kindergarten Training class which gin~s an

additional year to those wishing to specialise in work for the little ones;

second, the Model School, with eight vernacular clal'ses, besides the baby­

class in the Kindergarten, where the Normal stuiJents find opportunity for observation and practice teaching;' third, the Secondary School' con­

sisting of the three High Hchool classes and five preparatory classes

where much emphasis is laid on English. There are two divisions of seve­ral dasses, so that with special teachers for Needlework and Drawing, a

staff of thirty-one Indian teachers is required in addition to the two

clerks, :Matron and Nurse. From 40 pupils the numbers ha.e grown to

5b9, the largest number ever on the rolls, and about 60 were refused

admission for lack of room. This does not by itself represent tl:o in­(lreaSe in female education, for fifty years ago there was no other girls'

school in the city, and not more than three or four in the whole District, while now there are a great many noli only Mission schools-but under Government, Municipal and Hindu management. Capron Hall which was the pioneer still holds the first place not only in numbers, but as the

only Girls' Normal or High S('.hool in our area larger thau that of Massa­

chusetts and a population of three or more million.

Fifty years ago the School was housed in a one-story building of four

rooms-fairly well accommodating the 40 pupils on the rolls. Now Cap­

ron Hall puilt in. 1903, though it seemed ample when planned-with its

large hall and dormitory and 26 smaller rooms, is totally inadequate to

house our large numbers. The gi1"1s' dormitories woultl provide on ly 9

sq. ft. to each of the three hundred pupils-quite impossible were it. not

for a verandah which is used when it is 110t too cold or stormy. Even

'. the teachers must li\'e from four to seven in a room. The boxes are kept

on frames four deep in a room opened thrice a day. The class-rooms

present such problems as how to furnish desk-room for over thirty grown

girls in a room 16 x 18 ft. aud find space also for Normal Students to sit

and observe. Is it auy wonder that pupils get tired and inat~ntive ? Moreover two classes recite in a temporary shed-jn~t washed down. by

the flood-two on the dining verandah; the Kindergarten Training class

work in a part of the verandah 9 x 12 ft. partitioned oif-:-partof the

Kindergarten is often under the trees; the Upper Secondary class usc

the Science room when it is not in use for science classes. How can 1110re

• Qivi1~ed modes of life be inClllcated when even students of High School

~wfS'e~OL,l<i~rl ~'~de,'antl :e'~'e~\tea~h~r~'arc:so,hcrded' togeth~~,:~ith ~o place ,to k~ep,th~ir :p~ssessi~lls' l~~atlf Nay Dlore,' whatoppo;tunity is ~i~~~ f~r;' th~ prj~'a6y and quf~t ~~~dc{rorniell tal and,spirrtu!!:i 'growth? N.or~Dj); ll.{~l'ltwe tU~'n aw~y'p~pils: ~l~oc~l;n:;t tind iL; opp~l:tunit,y for

, ~du~~tionel~ewh~re, 'b~t"'it'is it hllmiliaticn.l and a hindr~~'ce to ~u~'wprk :' to 'i~s~~~~t d~sirab~e p~~ilsand't~ach~~·s be'~a.use' 'they o~I;no't: e~~h~re the

crowded' cQ~diti~ns: ",- " " " ' ' , .. ' " > , .' , • d ~ I

'We ,l¥'~ grate,ful"f,or ,tR-~,gr,ant for th,e septic ,bnk,; ,amI l"joi«;:e

to l~ear: ,that ~ new :c~eitationha~l"hal'l b;;eu placed on ,t.h~ ,a~thorised

list oj bnilliiugs for which funds,are,,to be, raised. ,We hope. tp see, ~t !'ise

and other needed buildiugs follow ;lv,i~hilf ,the near f~t~fe.

}'iftyyears ago, the arllluQ,l expenditure for the school was less, than

two thousand, rupees, • whereas nOw it amounts to over fort.y thousand.

,The,gra,nt received Jr()ll1 Government was about, three huudred,over

againsli;neady twelve thousand received, this year in addition to stipenQs

to pupils. Then the,. pupils paid nO fees. anq weN, o\'en furnished books

and clothes, whereas now with a.few exceptions thepupi~fu!'Uish clothes, bo,Oks ,and .whatdishes orl>edding they have, and in additiou hflve paid a

totaJ of, Rs.S, 756 for board and ,tnition. Since the ,reduced ' Mission rate 'wasdiscontinu.ed nnd thl;)scholarship system ·i.nb:oduoed, the· number of

thoseparyi,ng full J,'aies has steadily, increased, until now only ]SS ,are re­cOliving J3cholarships.

The purpose of the School at thebeginlling was to furnish 'educated

wi\'es for the mission agents. While this pilrpose is still being fulfilled,

the emphasis is now 'laid on the training of Christian leaders::""andespe­

cial1Y'of teachers: During the last forty years over'a. thou saud teachers , have'beeu ;trained in the'Schoo1. Suoh ,being the'end,in! view, from the

first the ''pupils have been almost· entirely girls of ;Christitin ' parentage.

Although at present we welcome pupils "from"Hihdu homes, Custeand

purdah restrictions and early marriagespl'event most from: availingthem­

selves 'of more thitn primary education ,vnicn' can be obtained 'ill schools

especially for Hindus, arid even yet of the 559 on:our rolls oIily89 h8:ve been Hindus. For thetitst time in :Madnra, two "Hihdti.'girIs arecotil-

"pleting the' High" Scrloi:>l cOllrse; and :two more are stuuying in the· High

School. .'A. number lire att~a6ted'by the superiority of: the English'in­

struction ! give:n, and come in their automobiles '8.nJ carriages. We have

alsoadrIiitt~d nveAnglo-Indialls, no other school in Madrira providhlg suitable illsf;ructiou 'for them.

'The N4>,rmal Students nnmper this yea~ 83. of wh~m:4'1 wiiiflnish their '~o~r~~ in :M:a:r~h~' On~ B~ah~a~'w~~al~ ent~red this te~for traini~g lJ,lld is a most regular and' satisfactory Btud~lI.t: "fhe· KiilderSat'ten 'hi~trlic.

33 tio~ draw's students even from as far a.~ Bangn,lore. The Kindergn.rt~!l Hostel waq openeld in Jari.ua~y, and the students keep honse there;' doing

their own marketing and housework, everyone keeping a strict account

and receiving practical experience IJ;l home~making. Would wo oould duplicate this 'expeJ:iment IQany times over! 'I'his 4epartment ba.s always

received encomiums from Government 'Offioers; and their:approval is eyi. denced by th~ 'fact that ?lis!l Chandie~ is aJlowed to ,~~e her own exa.mi~ nations, the certifioates sheis~ues' being signed by the Inspecting Officer. W~_look: forw~rd, witl;1 dismay a;tth,e,~ospect of ]osi,ng Miss: Clu~udler, and hop3 that a worthy successor m:1y soon ,be secured. . It wouhl be ~

serious los,S to the p~estige of_tJIe,soho~~to allow this <lepartme,l1t to ! ,lose face.'

We are encouraged to see how the desire fo.r highor -edlloatiion is :in­creasing among girls. The, throo'High School dlassesnow numbel·64. In March nine appe-I.re:l for th" S.S.L.C. Examina,tion and ,six were de­clared eligible f.or yollege, the otht'r t,hree b~ing eligible for Secolldary trainin~. About tw~n'ty years '~go a very ~ewdar~d to enter Colleg~J but, for a long time we boasted o~ly one ftin gra,a.:Utte, a. flne woman who is now PrhiCipal of a High School for Hindugi~ls in Madras. Now we claim five or six B.A.s and six'gradllates of the- ~Iedical School amoug ollr • Old Girls.' At present· nine of OU1: gids are' in :CollQge, 'and four {nth~ Meaieal.School, arid one 'h~s completed tho Child Weifareco!lrse in ::b~lhi. Many hand~ are' ra.is~d when visitors ask our Higll School girls, 'HoW' many or you want to go to College P' - '

0.11" wo;k would' b~ ilIlPossible wi~hout the eineient, aid, of onrlndil\n staff. We still fi~d it adv~ble to ~~pl~y a few masters. Of our 25 women teachers aU but two are ' Old Girls' of the schoQl, and are .loyal to its traditious. We have two women graduates, one in th~ 'frd.ining

Spllqol!an,c!:one in the High 'Schoo~! :'

:. ThejorlJ8,~h:*"t,ion aqloJ)g'th" teMhers·oatied. the ·Sun-mothers is provo

i~ ,itself very u~fnl i~ givi.ng an 0ppol'tumty towsCuss 8choofproblems a~d' in:"inspiri~g alit~ f~el a. J;esJ,>ot;lsi.bmtyfor the,disoipli'ne anliwelfare of the' school: .' 'fhe~c'are f~ur' :~e1f~gov:e~rim'e~t Hou~es. eachi~vi~g a. mother chos~n from the teachers and aQl1eeil chose~ from the girls. The decisions"pf the Connell are u.snal1y wise ar.d : we hope ,to put i mo1;'e and more :r~ponsibility for discipline upon it.

A beginning:ltas been ll144eip. -Commun.ity Oentre work across the; river. Different groups of students go with experienced lead~l's for .work, in first aid, social and eV'angelistic work. The Sunday School h'a.s 11sed pa.rtof: its funds'for an evangelistic trouril1 ,the' ;Home MiBsi~n field.' A comPa.tl>1',·df about a, dozen teachers and girls volunteered togiva a, parb

U

of thElir vacation for t!tis work, an~ came back most en1husia.sti~ about it, ~~~ enger'to gO&gai~ and "~elp the '~()r~~t, ~illag;() womc~ 'whO had ).).e\"e1' seen such e~ucated girls, or ,~lea:t:d ,tJ1e, Gospe~ 1lle~sa~t;!.

,', 'The news of an ad<litional $~,O:Jo'lor ou~ 'Weub 'MeIT.orial Cllnrch

lla~'fc~u~ed'greatJoy. a~ld' en~o~r~g~<l: ail oUr ci:)llgl'ega~iori to renewed

clf~rts to do their part! t~ ni.8.k~ tbe completion or the building possible.

At'p~~eiX~a."ies wotner $t;~oOO'~'\:ill be 'needed. " .',.,. ., .. ;: # .J'~.. !:: : ,: " . .~ , :. r '.

" :' f The' fiodd." lias already been described. Certainly 11 one' or the pupils

het~ will 8\'er forget their rcscnc~ through tho raging channels. "r e

slidtiid have 'been' ~~re i~ Uie 'larger' builditigs' but' it' would have bee~ 'Water, watcr eyerywllCre and not a drop to drink' and nothing to cat

as woll. We ha.ve ,much to 'heUuinkfulfor, and not' least, :the cheerful lIJ1irij;,Qf pntience .and' lielpfulnoss 'shown !by,6Iir teachers aud pnpils'in

this C1ucrgency. ; •• J ... ;. "': ~ ,. ; • .: £ ,:. f ~'; .' : j • " ,'. '. I" I • ,

It is, difficult to estimate the influence which ripples out from ~h~

~~h??!:i~,~~~v,es ,tou~~g n~,t':o~~y lh~. ~ll,~;~s:~f' Iudia~~ut Bu~~b ~n!1 the i~l~ds o( tho, 103.. ppe of QUI; firs~ Higll !)ch~9),gradua~cs ~~,~u~ly

~~.~.e:fi~~, ~~)g~'n, with p'e~J~1l8b:~d ~~d,~a~l~a:, on' ~~; ')tJ' was ,ple~t t.,? ;hear <?~ ,~he help,~4e l,ad beeu in ,literarY', .m~:di~~, ~I?-d Chri-stian '\\l'Clr~' ~o~ q.ll~~an~ ,,~as evidel~py pl~ased "~·ith ~mr, product, io:r, lie s~jd. f She

lia's ,been: c~tircly ~~tisf~ctory in,every w~y.' A~otber girl Wt:~t.i)l; ¥eb-~ " ."." • .:."" " • iO " • " "

rU31-Y with her husband as a truly forejgn:,~oM17 ~n tho ~lmost savage island of Nicobar. In writing of he~ efforts among' this pritllitivc people s}ic'says, "Itis;becnusc',I ha~c' b~~~ ili;C~i)rou Hallfor"Bo Jl~uIlY j·e.ars

tlliie I a:;ri somet1lilig at pre,sc~e'i~ ,tlic ,,,oriLl." l\ty loyalty foJ,' n~y. school': is si'ill in llI)'hr-ar(;'; , '!" - 1,,,,' '~ " ';~!~; ,

!d::;,""~' ;-: ~.; .. :~':;;'~:- "!" ~

~rhe " Seminary" of 1842 grew'into the U :Theological . " "~' ',' ,,;,'.' ;School.'~' of187.oalid.then into' the Union

;·UniOn·;, Ttteoiogica;l'Beminary, Pasuruahil of to~: ,':I.'~~~logi~al ' " . ,-aelllfnal"Y, day. iTI:hder whah3~er-Dam~i't¥,~,E3c'h~PJ~'

.... 1'asmnaliLi. . ' " , , ha.s b.~e~ important to the Mission and

it is ,now enri~hed by. the history of its past. At present: it contains 32 male students andl'8 who are wives of

stuc1ents and also, receive instruction. Dr. B~?piilga ~riteB~

oi,th,e 32 st~en~~ four arc ~oHl J~ffua, three from the London lIis."

uiona!y SQcictYI tWQ from tho 1: uitcd 1-1'00 C.hurch Missiun, and on~ each

35 t~ the Cey)~ anc1lp.dian ,~neral._~1h an4: tho A~mcaJi }{eth~'. Mission. "J . :1.;: i.i,·,

' .. Of· the: 13 in the: lfiddle Class ·leven are regiJtered,as Beampore students anda.:re appeariag for the, diploma of. :Licentiate JiD . Theol0R'7' given'by that IU8tituCiion., .We:are)loding afIiliation with Sera.mpore.Cql ..

lege he1pful·in atimuWing; more ,tJloroogb soho1801'ship and makiDg the-8~denta mON ambitious in .their work •. :m the examinations. held l~t Apri4 the av.el-age: ,ataudUrg: of· ODr, Pasum.alai students was highu ;than that of the studente. of ~;'iotber Institutions aJliliateci witb Serampo.te ill th same grade, ud we are,s~thn.tthe:work being done this year:ia

heUer.than that 'done last:year •

. , The'health of tho students has been I fairly good :dUring the 'year, tboUg'h' there has been considerable sickness with fever and other minor disooscs.

:In~ebruary;the ~acbers and:-stndebt8 ~f the Seminary. llpent: ten

~'f';\1tI~~u_ting in the lIome Missionary: Society's field at Xnn~u. Our P1l1'P0se in . going , tl~ere ·was ~W~~qlcl"':'7~4rst, i I t~lat students shoDld

get a' Cl~ ,id~~~ of, th,e ;~n~i~t~~ :o.f }~~~ fiel,d ~~~:O~ ~~ ;wor~, t,h~~: i~ ~i~g, done . tlie~, and secoDd, thn.t tney JlU!oy be able to help. the wor"kers In preaching tbO'(bipel.~ =the' people 'of KoUg8:nadu. We: b've ~nSqto ~l,ieye 'I ~~, ODr visit,. W~8uccca8fDl.:; ~hia ,is partly shown by ,the ,fact t¥~ ,~~~:s~tW,enta1 of th~ 0"tVl1ini,~iaUoJl8abscribed, .. !.flU'1!her 8um. of, Ue.

7.9. ~o~ ,.'he!~tion of a p~yer7~Q~,in ~ne c;¥ ~ctW~ ,w"~ o~~of O~~l ,ow,~ ~~t .. ! i8 t~ W'prk. " X8! 70. hlld .J>~Q, ,raised . for, tWs, pQrpoae

0l~;)~~ ~~~~~, vUJi~: ~P ;tI.iswIl8.doubled ... ~ tb,iatime, and-a,pr:ayer. h~~~.~: ~jnce ~el1 c~~d and was dedicated ,.~ the 22Qd .patobQr, ~h,~,n ; ~,e,: ,~f:~he ~~.ers. an4 five students, risitod tbep~;to ;l1~lp, ill tlJ.e ~e.~~tj~n.

A second itineraoy was held' for 8 days in August when' we all visited

~~ ~~pl~ a~ AlagarkoU, 14 milcs .fl·o~· Madura., :where a large f_ival ~IiL being, ~.IL!OQr pu.rpolJe;in gQi~ t~"'e,was,fi9)giyq.~ the ~tod~ ~, in.rng4t ~~.popuJar . .IlindniaDl an4 to show ~h~UJ how ,to., do :Christian '!~r.~;~~~~,; t.~ m~l~tudes _~~tcQme to t~e ~e~ival~· , ~ot lcs~ t~n 50 t~o~9 were pre~ent~t the ~lagarkoi1;fe~tira1 .~qgt~e 4~ghtof t~

festival, and gronps of studen~ ,pl'e.~~4 t-H :~~e8e p1~I~tudo~, U:olD- mOl11' ing till night distrilJnting literat~ among them l anti }io~ v.eraonal work aui'~ey hail· opporttinity~' ':Dlldnit~e !nid~~~!of ·tli&dai.tlie: te~h •. era" Bit )1:e to· the stuaents ex'p~iuulg varloui 'ph~~' of' ili~. ce~~~~e~ and celebration cif the festival ant(~riDg'their h~iOr.f, Poib:iiDg',oUt. now' we are to make the OhriStian m8s8age '~p~licable t~'th'e' c~wds: Doring the;· evctims 'magic: tantern addres.es" were· gi~eli· by the road8ldO

aitd in 'llCighb\Juriilgdllages, wllCre the' people listened 'attentively to the

cx}>lanatioDs of tho pictures of the Life of Christ. :

From -year ,to yc:>ar we feel the increasing opportunities for training

a~better grade ofChrlstian workers in the Seminary and also for train­

ing an iocrensingly'large number of young men not onJy:from ourowU

llission ·bat from other 'Missions in the Taulil 'Couutry' as well. OM stu­dents now come from a radius ot' 300 miles routtd. PasomaJaiand every ooe lthat comes and, 'goes back becomes a'liriug advertisement for- the

'Workthatis being,done here; Rnd we rejoice ·that)'wc can now train not

only our own men, ·but· men from Baptist, Wesleyan, ·Presbyterian lind Methodist :Missions. The only limitation upon our usefulness is the means

placed in our ha.n4s and our own ('oDscqr.atioD to the things of t4e ~lng­dom, and we look to God to. supply us both 'with the means aud with the.

spiritual powcr.

". PasJUll~ai," that began as a" Sellli­Po.sumalai

High and TTaining nary," has since 1875 grown and grown', Schools dId . . alld 'eve opelIi:t~ school aft~r school,

each one of which has taken a special ,pl~ce ill' 0llr. sys~' tern.pr. Miller writes qf.its presellt.lar.ge:activities,

. A, . rcfercJlceto the' Mission Beport of 1872 shows a school of 28 }In.'

pils and one mast-er with a. .fee income of aImbst 28 'rnpces and a Govern­

ment grant of Rs.89. Out 'of this schooJw~ born: in 1815 6urllro:" sellt :l.nstitution, which :tooay has an enrolment of' 023 and a . fee iIicomc' of Rs. 13,5orJ and a GovenlDlcllt Grant of ovcr:Rs; 10,000 . with 'an India.'n

staff·()f'46 and ·Missionary staff of iour,' This' little twig' has brandied out ibto a,jUgh School, Training School and Trade Schooi in Pasumalai . and one of its branches is now the splendid American College in Ma<lUra. A

T:ery satisfactory b'TOwth you "'ill readily .admit.

The year l1as been one'of great acthity and marked advance in cyery' way.: Three uew class rooms have been bunt, alsb a. Hostel thatgi\'''es

acc~mmodation for 75 students. 27 acres of land have been added to out' school farm-an'additional class room has been added to the Trade School.

:Much Dew furniture has been made for these class rooms and Hostels.

'lhose show onr ad,"ance in things material.

. In Public Examinatipn,on which so.:m"uch stress is iaid.iu India, our High School headed the list oC all sohools >fo~boys in this· part .of South Indi~ and this is also .true with regard tothe resnlts s~cnred fu.our Trai~ing School, especially waS it so of our Sccondary' G~de' men 24, ~f' wllorp secured a complete pass; the qthel' .two failing only iH;Draw~,~

81 !l'h~rtRn1ts "·Dt'etlie beBt~we linve OVEr seonl'Od, We hare n splendid staff of Christian Teachcl's and it is to them the credit belongs.

"I'he Tnspector 'or-Schools makes the following reporli"to Govfomml"ut

concernirtgthe High School; 'Thiids an excellent High School undel' able

management, 'J hc Etaffis adequate, suitable and enthusiastic, 'J'be

teaching ill genel'ally good '; and concerning the Training School he wliws, 'l'his is a. popular, well-managed Rnd efficient school, run at a consider·

able expense to tbe management for the good of- the District.'

Of OUl' 923 enrolled 510 Iiye in our Hostels and Dormitories. Ade. quate attention is given ·t.o the pllysicol, moral and spiritual needs of these students by the wordcns and Committees in charge.

'1'he general health of our boys ha~ been good throughout the year,

Students undergo medical inspection twice a year and everything possi •

. Lle ~ -~l)Ue fOl' .~ick. boys. Fully 2,000 CilSCS wal'e treated ill our Posu· mnJa,i Di~~ry._ Our bOJs are always interested in athletic A, and par. t,i.cipl!l.ionin drill.and games:ia compuI81)r.y.-~ In the Inter·school Athletic contest. one of .our. boys won the Gdgg Medal gh-en to the best athleto

iu the .Di~tkt.

'I'he school maintains a. good Library and Reading Room an(l teaC'h·

eJ's and .~oy8 pave made good ·use 'of·these. 1,250 volnmps have been add·

ed .ttl.ijleLibrory, OOO-of. which came as a gift from the Sunday- School

Ilt :WhitinsYill~, ;Mnse" to whom we give grateful thankS,

The Vocational School, hereafter to be known as the Trade F:dlOoi hits done very good· work in Iii-I departnlents. -Dui'ing . the year 35 were ·enrolled in the Trade School asfol1o"'8':~

Pi'ess anll Bindl'ng Department Oarp~n~~y .~~ ,. • •• :.

lIasoI1rY -

BlacksmitllY

8 15

7_ o

We nre trying to manage this on a self-supporting basis alld think in time we may do so. But o~'ingto 'heaTY e~pens('s we have wor~ed ~hi_8 year at a. loss. We hope next year to secure Government recognition

·and aid .

. 'flie chief. aim {if o·ur ~cLopl is to'iead boys to Christ and trai~.'"'tthem l'or Christill.n IHn'Vi~e. ;'rlli~:iaeaii~ ne'ver lost sight ~ and ~.~ :';l~ke:muCh tif Dihle Study and of s:u~h o~a~izati~ns as the Y~M.C.A.~ R";d tllle Sonday

School. During this yea.r 120 boys ~ere enrolled in the catecbume:n. class 'and of these 60 joined- the-Clilirch -_~ Pasnma.1ai, 10 coming frC:ini Hin· iloism,; ':Ncal'ly -aU the· otHer memblws 'of the ctllssnre f'xjte(ot,'rl to 'loin

the -("huroH,·at the next Oommunion, It is 'l'esulti like ,this tllat gtqe' us joy in scrvic.e. ':; .

WelIave most. cordially ~eJ.com,ed Rev. and Mrs. J. H ..... Di(:ksQn, who cam~ rt~ '~s' in S .. ptember. ~I~. Dickson .has charge o,f, ~he, Normal a,n<l T'rnc1e S~11Oo1h~md MrEi. Dickson of the i{i~dergarten.

• , : .: : ',' 1 • . ~. :. < ' j, •

We take tltis opportunity of expressing our gratitude to the:many

friends in 4.m.erica, who have .helped. ns. in. ml\king'po8siLle all that is

hore recorded and mu<.>hmore,than it is possibleto·reoord·. Forno one can tell what those who go forth from these sehllols will yet accomplish. Aboyc a11 ,,'e thn~k God f~l;Hi~;continuedprese-nce and b~~ss'ing thr~ngh. out the year, . " .

.American Col1eg~," . Mr. 'Wallace' p~eseD;ts the following ,Madura. ~eport:- [,'.-',' : .. ' , .. ~. "r

;..Drul'y,C.oHege, located in Springfieild; 'Mo., U.S.A. bas adopted O!lr

coHegi:t-:in Madura;as a;sister coBe;!e,and 'p'lans to co-operate with us 'in th~,' future, . The co~operationht\s' already:beguri. TheCoHege has sent

out to us during the yeal' Rs.l,OOO to be used for college pUr\lOSeS, 'arid at the last meeting of the College Council the following resollltion wus pl1~sed:~ .

"This adoption :and '·co~opel'l1tion:· :is-most· heartily Ilppl·ecia.fed and

it ishope::i thllt this<contribntion will be cont1mie<f uutil <such··time 'a~

Drnry will be able to .scnd out and support their"own 'representati\'(~

on our s.taff:" \-; .- ','

The ~otaJ elll'ollment ~or t4e year 19.22-23 is :i4GQ:f wholl~ l~ .Dre

elll'~lled in the speoial class wh!ch, go~s up for the r~tel'm~diate E~~~i.­nation.in September, Ie lving 428 in t~e regular classes. 'I'his is an increns~ of' 35 over the enrollme:llt' "'la~t "yea.~ aud'marks the highest

enrollment- a\-er yet reachea by the Colle, e. Of thes~ IJ6, or 26 per . -. . .'~; ,

cent are Christians.

In the University EX'd.minations 25 per cent passed the Interm(l­din.'tc· "Examination: completely, and 42 per ce~t fJasBed th~' B.A. Ex~~i-nation complete1y. . ..: .c,; . '. OJ -'.'

,.

There i'S" a gro~ing discontent with the practice tbat presames.to meaSUl'e the to&al achievement ~f a studeJlt d1lring, his college course byhi~ 8il~c~8S in pnssinga written'exa~iJlati~n'.at 't~e '~nd, an,d' it is altogether likely that within a few year8 'othe~~in~o'f 'tests . ~'ilJ be in:troduced to'''suppi~ine;nt.theeiaminatio~'"test~ - ),,',s: ,:: .•. , •

. " T.4~~, is ,. no d~part~~~~t ,~i C~,l,I~~~ ""lif~ , ~v hi~h we l'egsfd i. as

~~~' i~poh~t than the q,p.ste1.;., Th:~~ is n()~hing W:l?:ch 'so JlUm~w.~~

THE 'I.\I~ IU'ILlH!'\(; OF THE .DIRRICA~ <'OLLE(iE Ir-; ,L\DUIU, WITII .\ ('lL\IL\CTEnI~TIC GRADU,\T[():-; CHOWD

Aj~dBociniiz~s the st..:dQntn~: this~ O;ll·ho~tol is Ao. tniniitttlr~'sfate flU 'by it~,ei . ~H~~~' 'tbe C~istia~,the Hindu 'and 'th~ Mnh~mmed'~'n ii~~ side bJ~ side,·s~met~~s·tog.etherin tlle sa~;e r~~m, an:J.' find it neccs:­s~ry'to cultivate :i spirit ~r to'leranc~; tIi~ youn~ man 'fro~ some high­c~stefamily son~etim~811~s'for]~is n~x-t 'q~o~~ nei~hbour-a'shlder~t"from a low-casbe':family, al~l ea~~l C:)tn3S t,o valuo the"' other according b

his worth {If charact-~~~. - The pri';ileges of' the hostel are' cxt'~nded equally-::to tha:pMr'..a:tid to the 'rioh.Rndso the bal'l'iev of wea1th~ touds to disappear. :.' : I ; ..

Th'}principla on which this miniature stabe is or5ani~')d. i.~ th!lP of' a republic I'a~her tllan a monarchy-aU officers a~'e e'ect?dQybai. Jot, with Mr. Nolting, the warden, as adviser a~d referee: -' , .

It is "the: rule .:off!tlll3 .hostel:thatno special faV'our'Eil:i6uld Mr shl)w.i

to any oue by. viri ll~orthe' E!a~ial,olas~ to wl~i,ob, he b~16ngs} oi the

wealth of his family, or -fur any other reaS'ln .. Th.e son,of tl~e. jlriuc,e is treated in the same way as the son of th~' pObresf- peasan't': . The -l~ss01i is ;a'v:alu:lble one--difficnlt, to. lel1rn :esp~ciaUy in India, .;bllt we 'believ~ ;worthwhiie. "

'rhet~achirig':oftl1e Bib'e '~s 9:' Il&rf'otthe regu1nl'currieuhinilHl.s

been no mere formal matlel' biit cine' that hag enga,!?etl the 'most en'ni­

{'st <f all tJ'le ChriSl,l$.n ll1embersofth~ s~ff •. T\J.e ailll oft}~~)ll!itruc­

~iQn ha,s "~ee.u. tQ: apply ,the ,teaching of. r.h~ Wbl~ to lifejn ~uch a way as to win.the hearts o£ the stndellts to Cb.rist.'l'h~ tc~h~l's'haV'e met

.' < _ '. - ,. • • .' < , - '.: • ': •••• ~. • ; i , • '.. • •

together f .. r prayer that the Holy Spirit would Himself insti'uct and

guide' olir t'bc.iuglits"Ulid insp're Our 'Ii\'e8;~IiIid -dil'cctfi11.· onr personal

contact with·;the students/"

On W~dilesdays a ge!~~ra1' ass~'mbly of r1u{ stil(:ieilts'l{:is';i;~e;l iJwhl,

'it which eipressioli:haid:ieengi"enti:Hhc 'reiigions liff! nriclspil'ft of the

College by different members of the staff, in the"foro1 of Dl;icf addres8~s.

, '],he dailY Chapel SerYic(' has been the fil"storder of l.hefla.f;throl1gh-

out the year, attended by the Christian students. 'c ;: "; f

The Students Chl;;stian Association has carried o~ 'its wOI:k -in 'builll.

ing ~lp a strong Christian spirit among the ,,;hole student body; and 'espe.

ciaIly in streriithenillg the Christian life of its 'merul.wrs. The Associl1-

tion has sought to dire:lt the daily reading and study vi tt'eBiblEdn prl­V'ate,.the life of pl:aycr among th~ .students, and h~,Ql'ganised.Jgroups

for voluntary study of 'tlw Bible under .Qh~~ leaders 011 SUQfll1f!k,

The. demand h9ts:~r~f3en,for,amore Q~6nir.e form-of Qhu~hlife and

CQnJlectio~,a.lId' th,e eifor~ is being made j;o Ol'gallise a College Chumh as a branch of the S;.mbh India 1; uited Church.

40. . Atter hve.uts.etgbt. y~nrB pI service tor the. CoUege, Mr. Zumbro wa8called':away'~)l1 Oct. :i7L~. 'tris richly end:owed pe~sona:1itj·;lla81)~. co~e' in':'~:-p~'c~lia~ ~~y the possesiiori': of 'th~Coliege~~ contribution t~ its ,8piritu'DI'~:ndo~rrie~t'thlit will be'v~illed' ~~d '1Vi11conLinne to beeWec. ti:vely op~r~ti;e i'n' i'ts i~fluence m:o~e~nd more~s the y~ars go by: The

foh~~i~~is an,: e?,pressio~ . of hi~ 'hope for the C()i1~g~, taken' Cro'm a ~eport'prepared by him'ror the last a~niver8ary:-' '", ' :

" .••• : • .' e ~ ; - '. • ' •

",l Efficil'ncy ·for.service· is the idea1 of·,this College; not yet fully real­iseJ,-but to be more fally rea'ised in the futuro. It WiIS' the pa.rtin~ word of our revered Dr. Wal'hburn in his fay-ewell addre,.g when he left us' noi; ~lor~: than h~·ellti·years dg'a. " it is the word that I most desire

th leave with "'You at thi~ ti~le"

Luoy. ePei'ryN ohle . :B,iQl? [Dstit~~,r'

':Miss' Chamberlin has· kept up Miss Swift's wOl'k' and ,gives the following

,e~cdur~g'~'~g"r~l>or~,:-Otto· ':feature thathM 'been a great sonrcefor thanksgiving iB the

increased 1.ulnbe~· in ,ur Bible department, as there' 'Were' only nine

las,t Y~!lr ~ tl~!~ are fOUl·te~u }~ow. JV~ h~v~ tiO many calls for our wOlJl.efi!~~d,J:o few ~4:,) can. d()the,w(ork.

There has been a':grenter iu:terest·, iIi OUI.' villligework than ever

be'forethis feai" . In niany places wh"ere there'was inclifference or abuse,

noiv'they waiH'us to come; and con1.c and.oak for truth and 'light. l,' ,"" •

':. ' "In: one village wep~sedthr!>'Q.gh, o~ , our ,way tQanolli.er they kept asking us to stop. So nt last we did andFh~priest, f;aid. he wou'd

~~cHpt S~r~sb al1:~ tell his people~ "It ras ,consi~e~ed an nnfruitfnl, field.

·{,I,'h!.:prie!>r~ s.~~ Wl,l,lS}lLI,l.D,9,·}le .had.i!llpl.oreg}.lis gods J1Dd they had

no.t~w1ed,.hi;w. so h~: l~st fa~th ill t}lem.

. ,:;; 7'htr~y-oue ha7e. joined th!-'l,CQul'~h of w:hornfive were j;tri!-ight from Hinduism.' ,.

Th.e Director of PJlblic Instruction visited our School and IlCcorded

ns 'recoiniti~nonOct. 13" 1922. . .:'!,'; - .\ i ~ , ' _, ' '.: •

. The d'1Y scp,oQl fot' little cllildren is going on .vcrywe,l1 now' u~q~r

the ne~, i~structors.

At the brg:nning of the year ·there were eighty·eight on the '1'olls

but during the . yea!' 'one l1Undred and fifty-eight:have ~tudied ht:re. .

In onT Tnilustrial departmf",nt we were favoured by a'visit from Lady

·and Sir'''l'odhunter who took some c>f' our work to the Yiotoria l11stituw

AK INDIAN BULLOCK CART

A MODE OF TRAVEL NOT SWIFT. nrT SURE

.\ STREET 1:,\ \1.\»nU, IKI>I.\

42 Co

In M~draa to sell. There has ala;) l.een D. new n.nd profll:.a.ble op~ntng for' . our -salea in .A saaUl.

We are tha;l1kful for the year.

1 V Evangelism. There is no work lUore purely evangelistic than the

Bible WOluen's \Vork in our Mission, and under the -topic·" Evangelism" we give it first place.

Bible Women'.s work in:Madura city as a department is just fifty years old. It was instituted

Bibl~~~l(~n's in 1872 when Miss Sisson arrived to take charge of it and devote her- whole time to

it. While learning the language Miss Sisson held' a; daily class .of Anglo-Indian girls and a. weekly meeting"with the "rom en 'at Pasumalai. Within six months of 'her taking up the work'she wrote, fC rrhe education of wo· JUen cRl:riesn:ll~ch ignoJIliny with it in the mind of a Brahman." The ignominy .has gone, but the Brahman -still objects·to having his women taught by Christians .

. Of the work in the city at present'Miss Root writES, },fany different ca~tes and conditions al'e rppresented among the

women. The Sourashtra caste are "ery numerous. The women aro

independent and progressive in rriany ways. Lak,.hmi, a very interf'st.

ingold dowager, knows a.1I the Missionaries and remembers Mrs." Capron.

Her grauddaughter, a delicate looking Jittle widow, I!ings very wcll, and once sang in one of our large meetings at the bungalow,

We find ourselves in all sorts of queer streets and places. People

are literally packed in, sometimes behind high walls, and shut 3n by

houses. Sometimes we go to 'GoOd-well-water street,' where formerly

was n wonderful well. We mount stone steps to lofty roolUS withhright

colored pictures of gods and goddessee allaround·tbe roomo We go up nar·

row stairs to the roof and into spacious rooms with· balconies overlook. ing .th9st:reet. We pasa through open courts, where cattle and oxen

occupy one part, to the \'erandah along the sides whet°e the smiling pupils

lUeet us and present ~ with garlllnds, and fruits on a traY"

irl one or 'th~ snbn~bs we visit It l~ge ~nridtlpnm;' or' l'e~t'~~u,~~~ where the worship of the god is kept up and whi~h is also Used, ,as a rest house for travellers along the way. Our l:mpil and her husband are

the custodians of the place., He is inte.l:'ested in his wife's lessons, and reads-the books himself. He onen sits on a mat in the middle of the

room and his lung blac15:;heard~ hifiJ' loo~very dignified. He is in· telligent and I think in't~~este~l i~"o~'i-\~ssage. '

.,; AbanOthe~ thiie.wegoto tho police lines-where many wome~~iu the

fa~lili~g of the; oqnstables and police peo.tls are reading,~ , , ' , . ,

In 1890 thevillag.e:wo~k ill; tlt~Madurastation was: begulli,-The"vi\.

~age women ,were timid at first aJ:>ont t4e Inarning torQl}9, b,ut'El9on the first Bible1 Woninu'had six ,ilIages nea~ the city wh~~'e woMen 'ver~ study.

ing. ' IThis.smaH hegirrning' led to the open:ing' of marc distant villages

l1;npi~ ~4f~Y(lr~ ex~ellfl~dln:aH qirec~ions fl'Oni the city. "" '. -.],:>

/', ; ;r I gp::.'~lJt; for the dllyto near yillagos and take a smull tent, and my

.h~~~kf!s~.i~:f!h~,,' Firc~eea.,~okel". : :' ,." )[id"/! . .H

; i :/J3e~idegtheshcirt tOl1rsoof .a:dtl.y in~uear'viliages,we, had ~woC tGurs

.pf:'!1 ~:~ek::Cl~~t~~flay's.each.; ,1'h¢ fir~t 0l!e wl\!jI<;,n: tg~;nql·tlLei'!l-.~de),lj[

stayeCj. ~n ~p'~e,t~~,a~~governmWlt bUllgalo'wJ ;~ha,q~? ,9YfJ~~lm ,all~ pth:EV 'trees, and "'Hh'delightful views of thecouutry a:v'a the'Mue l~ills~iiround. The l~rg~st'di1~e was 611 the: ritihl"uy: ~ hai(mil~ 'distant frcihl:: the' ~ bilh· galow: liere is an·old work and 'niallY ihflueritiaI~wom~n:ar6 suudyiIfg

w~til:~ ;~¥. Bipl~ W omuu;!: h«?~l'A af,qerwari\ that it 'ya!l 9pe :{J( the '1 Ha~­dhi" centres and some of the meu had told the Bible Woman they were going to distUrb me. '::She :beingpourage<lus and ta~ti~l was ,e~ua.l ,to the

oc:casion, and il1forn~()q}b,ew-.tllat;I,?,.f!4 PRthing to ,do, withpolit+cs;-was

a" Guru ".,01' t~aclH~l:, CO~le ~o lu:)ip t4e W0!11eIl and, thoy mustlnottl'ouble

me in any:way;. I encoulltered.~o ill fe~ling as I :visited, illtl1e, y~\!~ooe and. went back and ifQrt:Q. to.villages .di~tant six: or s~ven miles .. , ;4Jlth~

;p~pils and theirfriend3 were frien~lyand l~aded me wi{il.garlands, £ruj~,

etc.

The other tOUl' was on the eastern side at the time of the,yearly festival of fhegod.'Alagar about.;J'ourtemi.nulp.s from Madura. Three 'or

four miles from the entrance to tbe great enclosure at tbefoot .of the

hlll"iWhioh atfestiVl!-l times·res.embles a.great fair with bazaars, and all

flOl'ts: 'of amusements; we have a centre of work in a large village. Here .a Bible Woman ,lhres aild works." This time there were eleven Bible Wo­

,men witlhnlcfor special work amongst tha hundreds of people -enroute to

;the festival, in country carts, in two wheeled horse carts, in> motor buses

and cars, and on foot.' The rest houses along the way were. crow-dad,-and

groups of people camped under the trees, and in temporary mat hnts. We

f· \

'4~

"a.d only t6 bl.~e ottrstll.nd ti~dcr a. 'tree ",1th hooks n.nd pictU1'~S alia ou"r audienbe'wns secured.: -'Even those in conveyarit!es along the 'way . would

often stop to listen to thesinglng. So for several days the Bible'·Women sold books and talked and sang to the crowds coming' and going. For the most part it was a·cheerfubcrowd. 'fhey were 'going'up the hill to:bathe in the soered stream,wl1iohthey were taught would cleanse them from

sin, and bcingingaway little:earthernand brass pots. of its holy, water. I ,gave one dny wjth my helpers to, this £cRtiyal.work, and ,then went on

witl:\ the l'ego]ar work in tbehomes. As I went <ba.ck and:forthi'rom the

J;).1~nb~W ,to this work, I faund, the toll-gate tax. 111011 nti-n g up, but tllO P~rl. toll-gate keeper, sent wcu,d that they should not ohargeme the 'fnll sum, asJcamether.eto,help aU the women and wR.gdoinggood·! When

.l. went thro\'gh ~he last time enrouta· for horne, the men rnn out to say

s~J~m, a~dI prefSentedthem with a fowbooks.Thus· pleasantly ended our second tour.

Going into the homes we count as pel'hJlps the most important and rcwarJing'work, but: '"'0 also,encollr~i~ t~e>women and, girls' to come to US. ._" •.

Becanse I am Lrought into COl}tact with the homes I becomeiDluch interested"in the'hoys as wellas. tl~e giri~. I~ 191'S r ~tartedJh~ Sunday

-School at the bungalo~, wbieh ~Wl contlnu~~ \Yc~ha,y~ pad vuriQus -in­termptions ~nd tr~ubles .. ;S~me are ~frai\)' that thei~:boys will he~l' too

lhn~h'of the Jesusl'~ngion. A·n\~.mb~r ~f th~ bQys'~o~le to serrice in the

ncirLy cliurch. Ohe bright boy, w ho a,tt~n(i~ the. Su~day S.cho!Jl, r£guIQX-

1i; kne~led down in cburch during the prayer. He'~~Yi3 fis sister . sings the Christian song~ every nlgl1t~

Besides the many who are intellectually iuterested in Bible: los'sOns, we hav.e in city and village some sixty women..who~,e h(,fl,rts have been foneheti and who Lelieve in the true God. They wish to become Christ­.ians, bali are hinueredby tbeir relatives. We are watching them and

having meetings with them. With a. few we can hold- little prayer meet­i~lgs in,their homcs. A few can come to:the bungalow Dud occasional1y

attend, our church. Others can only come to us as they slip away un­

known to th,eir relatives; One w01l1anhas been hopi~:g for more than twelve years to come out openly as a Christian; lIer husband has some

~~~u~ation at home and watches her constant]y~·. She works. luu-d till late at night and arises long before dawn t() 'i?egiI! again. She. often bas no opportunity for prayer, but prays jnh.~~>h~a~t~ She comes to the bungalow when she can get away, sometimes·:i.t·:b.ighr, and ,,;e; pray to­get~er..Her pl'3.yel'sar~ pathetic, 'Jut sheirusts inthe Lord'.

A; well-to-do womnn' in a village'was baptiseda~bnt two yearsn~o ;ind lived a Christian'lir~ near her relatives. She died this year, a c~ur.

,lg~Otl9 death. She ,hn.d .th8sm~1l-ppx; bnt .Qec~1,lSe she ba.dbecome a Christiall.hpr re1n.tiv:~:s wonld not come t~· her assi~~n()~·.The ,·C.,hriif~· ,a~sonly helpe~qlElf,in.4~w need. ,Spe ~(l4e. them pr,oqiise ~o see t1,l~t ~4~ hap; a IJhrili~8Jl J?:urial.

The Bible womenrs work is a quite nnspectacnlar. one, but we 'see ,resnlts . in general improvement, and ad\'ancementin knowledge. If we

eontmstthe wOrk now ,with the beginnings, we easiJyfind growth., Indi­an women have taken mil.nysteps forward. They understand better t.he advantages of,.eilucatio'n. rrhedisgrace i3 now more t'l the-unlearned than to those who attempt to imprvve their condition. . It is not so com­:monnow:to have ,a. woman laugh hysterioally, or turu her back, to ns from mere shame, when she recites her lessoIl~ 'The husband and brother al'e generally proud Df· the fact that thawomeu are studying. Womeu are

going ont into the world more and increasing their knowledgE! in aU mat. terse

,.1iJates 1i}v:nngelistic< Mr. White ,reports for the Bates Work. Evangelistic work,

It came into being' late in 1916 through the gene t;'O us gifts of ,Po 'Christian' business man in Ame'rica to promote the, b~siness of .l3oul:~:i~. ·nillgin an 'active way_ The origi~al proposition was a total of $5,000

for a three-year period to Pay the sularies:of 2:) e ... anO'elist~ to work in 25 different viJIages scattered all o'ver the Madura.lfissi:n ~~~:),. , The r~~~;lts of this'work were so satisfactory to the donor tha.t; he consentea'.to re~c:~ his donation for another threey~~s, ending with 1921. The p;esellt ;"-~*k is running on a two-year basis with neal'ly the same amount of i1)come ~~~ ':

The. p1trposewith which the work is LOW being carried on is t~of~ld: • . ' ': 1 <. '" )

(I) Concent1'atio?1- of funds and workers to dcl'clop th~ work ,in espe'cially pl'Omi:;ing centres;

,(~) De t",!lP.f1.1lLClft of ,selJ-S1t'PP01't in villages where the w6rk ;bas peen going on for some years, with withdrawal of ; Ba.tes fllllds at the rate uf 25 per ceut each year.

There are twogeDeral' types of Special Fields, where we are now

" concentrating" forces,;

(1) Pancbama c0¥tn1unities~

(2) " Kallal' Na.d."

The former type of field can be found almost in any part (jf the Madura Mission field, where there al'C the,outcastepaoples called Pariahs, Pn.lln.rs or Chuckliyars. These 'People us,":al1yneed ,only a very 1ittle

vigorous work done in their midst in order to win them over to Chdstian·

ity ;by f&.milies and };y whole commuriltics, .:oftell~ifues numbering from 30 to 50 souls, in one siugle village aton'c: In one p~storate in the cast­ern. part of the l!-'ield, tp.ere is ~ gr(>up of ,fiv,e or six villages, from ;which, intihiy~ars 1921 and 1922,'ov~rlGO ,of such persons have come over to C hr~ stianity' -and :more than :70 have' been' baptiZed. It is true these peo­ple come to Us witli abllo,st no religion or edncation and have . to havo a greatcleal .done for: them to ~ise them to the stat'us of intelligont and worthy Christians. They r.~ed sohools and Qentral bll~dillgs of worship, and are too poor to furnish these themselves, except in" sman,' part. In ihis particular area we are '(Tying to get propel' buildings put up soon, so

that the catechist or teacher and his family may come and live there.

'Ihe other field, "KuHar Nad" as it iscalI~d, il;! famous as the home qf liouse-bre.riking and cattle· lifting Kallars. 111 1922 five Bates Evange­lists succeeded in winning sixty-four persons as converts and 123 as "in­q\lirers'~ from the community. Not all of our fite evangelists were, of

course, equa1)y successful in their work.

The Bates Fund maintain,ed in 1922 ~tQtal· pf 27 evangelists, . of: whom 17 worked throughout, and 10 part of the year.

: Mr.:Holton thus reports his Evangelistic work. , 'Tbree'itineracies have been' condncted this year; their greutcs~· con­

trast with the methods of- 50 yt'ars ago was probably in the use of'a Ford OQI"fertransportation and,lVhere available, the use of ForestorPublio

W o!ks R~~t-'hous~ in' lieu of the hea.vy tents formerly in use. . The old

Go~.pel is sti~Lpreaehe~, the 91d so~gs are ~tiJ! sung andJi,t~ned}o att.en. tive1y, 'and . tracts and hand-bills are distrib~ted, and ea!Dest ~ffort i~ made to sell portions of Scripture, all in the faith of onr : fathers tha.t

GDd's blessing:. shall rest upon His Word :an~ all! testimQny~ As tbese iti:ilera.cies \ve~e conducted ovcJ,'sparsely inha.bi~d country and far from

any large centers the numbers reached were at no time very iarge.

Beside~ the very mnch enjoyed meetingi conducted by the Rev. V.

P. Mamman, Palni enjoyed the novel experience of a three days'visit by a

group of three young Malayali. men who wet;e ~onductiDga pre~ching

tour at their own expense and on tneir own initiative. .A.1thongli Palni is a place of pilgrimage and a place of special sanctity in the eyes of Sai­vites, these yonng men were given a most respectf1ll hearing as they'

preached in the buaars, both in their moth'er tongue and in Tamn~' All

the local CbristiatlB welcomed t~em gladly.

4:6

v- Medical Work .

.Amon~{ ou~ instit~tions only Capro1i l;£all repres¢nts , .,', ,', ":7 a ,w~;k that is oldertlian that repre~~nt-Albert Victor d b th Alb t V' t H 't 1 Th ' llosl'ita1. ' "'~ l' y, e er Ie or OSpI a·., e

'1\1ission started' in 1884. Education' of girls began)riit83~~ llle~jc3J 'w~rk in, 18~7~ The first Mission Di~pensa:ry was' started in'1849"and that is all there was in 1872.

, For thirty-four years of, the haH century Dr. Fra.nk Van 4llep p,as, be,en ~t ~he head of Qur ,gerier~l llledical work, in Madura~: . fAnd now, as he:passes over this department to his successor, it is fitting to express our appreciation of what he has done.

Dr. Van 'Al~,en'~Jmonument is theAlbert;V~ptorHos. pital, built la~ge]y by the donations of,gra.teful <patients, which,was o.p~~jn' 1807. It was buii~,without ~pense to our Eoard,: and·has!been maintained -wi.th!comparative-1y 'srDs,]lapprdpriat-ions 'of: Mis'sion funds. The Operating Room"at K6~tiik~nal is another of th~'tcsti!n~nials to the I?oct~~;~;gr.~~~ work. . ...

:])oct'orVan Allen has 'ndfretired, nor 'bas'his 'w,~~k elided. He ~as taken PP,J~lS, residenoe at M~lur and th~~e y.nll c9n~,u;lli~ his bene~~~~~ wQrk to individ1l,als ~p to the measure C?£ ,his -s~ength. , ' . '" '

,:' .'Of the ~work or tbe H()sl;i,tal 'one' or the staff writes. " 2.2b~ds are no'w provided for in the Hospital.., but at times more thlUl ("":. • ' , ., I • ; ::... • '. '. ~. • •

30 o~ 351}~r~Ons l~~~e t~:~r a~~~Ued, a~d in<s~~I~IH~~e~ the,lnJlillcntran­(feS nnd ,crauclal1j; are Ilscd. TJle yca.r's "'ork,on the whole has boen a spiendid suc~~sI8~d thl;h~'s' ,bween e~t~JY4ue to the u~ti~~~ energy and indefatigable 'Work and skiil 'of Dr. Van' Allen. There has been a,'

happy co· operation of the Af!sistants with the Doctor and we close the

lear with joy.

ALBERT VICTOR l\IE:\Il)llTAL HOSP[TAL. :\1.\ DrIU.

Drl. FRANK V.\:-I AI,LE:S

Senior Doctor

DR. EDWARD W. WILDER

.T unior Doctor

.\:\IEHIC'.\:\ lI()~PIT:\L FOR "-O:\I\-::\ .\:\1> CIIIL])HI-:r-;, :\L\l>nL\. I:\IlL\

:-;THEET YIE\\" FIW'I TilE :-;01"'1'11

47

Dr. Parker has within the year been honored by the

'Hospitlll for Women.

Government of India by being made the recipient of the silver K~isar-i-Hind medal. It wa.s bestow.ed. by the Collector

in most a pprecia tive terms.

Dr. Parker's report g~ves a, snggestion,Pf t4e way in which s~e is 'Yhirled about to all sorts of'. cases, and ,elJ1.~ phasises the· great need of more dooto1JS and nurses in the Hospital for women. She writes,

A part ,of the o~d Dispensary for men Ulld womon stillstands on the

~fi&~i,op comp~und ~pross East Y eli. s~reet fro,m Dr. Yan A~eu's ilospitat It is ,forty-fh-e years since Mrs. Capron star-ted her medical work for· wo­men there~She. was not a doctor, but all the wife of au out-station mis­sion,ary P1: Manamadura .sho .had had much experience in the care of the S~9k, an(l after. th~ death of her llusbaud went to lI.adras fQr study in a ~o\"ernment Hospital. She began to. treat the womeu and children fl:om 7 to 10 A. AI. daily in a sepa,rate l'oom in the Dispensary. More ~l;a~ 3~OQO patients' camo the first year apd as they kept on increas­in~' the Mission, asked for a woman doctor from Amcrica.; so in 1885 Dr,

Pa~]i~,~ ;Root ,~-~s sen~ :qut. T~le next year a one-room buildiug which Illldprevious]y served as a school-house was fitted up as:a l;)ispensary for worne:". Tha.~ was torn down four yetjxs later to make way for a. two. st(;ry building,'providing amplequartel's for ,the. out-patient department and eight wards. Tllis cost Rs. 18,000, of wh~h the Municipality gave Rs. 1,500 and nindu fdonds Rs. 3,000. Lnfortunatcly it was a ho~pital

'without a. 'doctor, . for on tlle day'it was opencdwol'd came that D~. 'Root could not return from'furlough. No doctor was found until! ca~e cut in i895. In ten, years niore. that hospital building had become crowded ~nd it! was .decid~d to build a separate dispensary, which was: -opened in 1909' and is the one now in use, though enlarged. . Then that hospital was utilized to its limit, stairs moved o,ut to make morc rooUl, halls and batb~oorns: '~;s~d f~~patients~ aud i~ pei. 1916, ~he eornor stOllO of tho p'i-csehtho!Jpital buiiding was lai~. With the purchase of quarters and land at" the :back it.113:8 cost about Rs. 215,000, of which.,GoverJ,lment gate _Rs.50,OOO)-SoiQ.'Ushtru fr,iends Rs. 3,!i00 for a. maternity ward fot, their 6wu"peoille, ana the W~man's Board of Miss~ns in· Boston, U.S.A._ the rest. The building was opened in Feb. 1920 by t~~ Hon. A. ~. ~pp. Madttra'Mnnicipality and District Board have c.ontrihlltcd' each ~s. ~lqQO. toward furnishing. ' .

His genel'QBity q( ::friclIjla .that has maqQ our work possible and the wOL'kers ~e been :Jllany •. 'In 189"1. l\Hle.Zelip.eCropier came to the hos­pital an.dgavethe reISt' of her life, fourteen years, withont ~urlongr.J to its sei-vice~"O~l~ers have' worked as doctor or nur.:!e for shorter periods. 1ndian assistant~, cOlllponnders, nnrses have' givon' good service; some

have laid down their lives.

, On· the ,25th of February I ,g~~, ba,~k tD 1\1 adura. after an absence of three, days 'less than a yearj I fonnd Miss UogersconcJ.uctiT)g the NUrf}es

T'l'aining School. 'Mi-S.N oiLing' visiting. th~ ward~ fron; h~r iiomea' inilo away, andM.issTl~meuheere k~eping house and lookIng after the hospi­tal laundry and food supplies. Themedk.al f'taffwas sbp:rt. : Dr .. Scdtt

had been helping whenever she could get away from Vellore Mc;dical School, but no American doctor was 'here continuously. The Senior

Assistant was picking up from an operation :for appendicitis thenlon~h before and had not been strong since her severe illness the previous May. The Second Assistant was shnt in her' room with flu. Both have leave (lue them, so for the first few months we got ~m as be,st w~ c01;ild' with' ona or the other ill or' abl:!ent. : Fortunately they are now well ana"from

July 1st Ei, Third· Assistarit is herefromtbe first graduatingc1ass at Vel­lore. Having forgotten when we planned tile hospital that accommoda-. tion for assistants would be necessary, there was difficnlty:in-providing, [;or their bed and bbarl1 i but they are now chumming happily together. 'l'ht"ze is more 'thanenongh for 'aU to do.,' Gradually we are fitting. up our labofiltory.'The new microscope which I brought out has been set up there aud 'Miss Samuel has been doing a good deal Of hoolbvorni work.

She finds that so'tne of onr patientsare entertaining as ma~y as four niri-eties of worms at a time! ; • .

The patients in Ho'~pjtaI from Jan. ,1st .toJ une ~Oth, nU.mbered 593;

DispenBary'p~tients, '5, 725 ;.'~otl!<l treatm~nts, 1(l,~12. European cases prevented me from getting to ihe-hills' in·the hot·

Eeason~9r, Mission meeting, but ;both Miss Rogers and, I went· up to' ,~ Restabit " in J DIy.

We'came dtm;n. from the' hills a~ the end of July, partly bC~us~' T,heir Excellencies, the Governo~' and L~yWilii~gdo~, were to visit the'

lloper Hospital and also because we h8~' Fla~ned to, ~be ill l{adura: in,

August' to greet our expecteii' new nurse 'from Al116!1Ca.. it tl)e i~t j:nonu:Jl1t we learned 'thnt her destination was changed. 'Nb~ 'we NEED' at nUrse 'VERY ,M:UCH. ' " ,

,; 'l~r~ ~na :M:rp.:, Richards of Fall I\iver and ;Spaton w~re~ith~tUdor nine days. He held a clinic forenoons in one of the Ellropean w~-d,s,.', Sick noses an.d throats were lined up all alODG' the veran~ah. AmoD, his

49

operation cases were fonr nurses, one compouuder, and a Birdsi.Nest girl. We should have been glad of his assistance indefinitely, but Jaffna

caUed·

The night after their arri~al I was called about midnig1lt to a case

of twins in a village thirty-one miles away. I went on condition that

they get me back in time for Dr. Richard's first clinic. 'Ihe driver of the hired car provided by the ,family went at full speed over all obstacles, but the .twins got there first. The mother needed medicine, b'ut ]1'31'

friends would not allow us to give any because she had already taken the

common country remedy, musk. So we accepted fifty rupees and started

home. The chauffeur was so very sleepy that I feared an accideut, but again he charged all obstacles successfully and we reached Madura at

6 A.M. That was Thursday. Saturday we were coHed to a maternit.y caso "two miles from Manamadura". We went by the noon t)'ain and I refnsed tf) iake thermos flask or water jar because refreshments would be available at Mana. That was my mistake. From the station we

went by bullock cart two miles on good road, then five and a half across the fields, over rice plots and ridges and through mud and water, with

one or two men walking with us to steady the cart. By seven in the evening there was nothing more to do, but no reasonable possibility of going oV,er that track by night. They gave ns a clean verandab as lodg­

ing. The nurse had rice and I some smoky milk and biscuits. I slept o.n a bench, folding the cotton mat so as to get. as mnch as possible be­tween bones and boards. The next forenoon it took from 7 A.M. tillll

A.M. to get to Manamadu:ra. I made a lmsty call at the Leper HO!spital and took the train, reaching Madura nt 3 P.M. when the family \\'ore con­sidering sending out a search party_ Of course it had been as impossible to send a message as 'to come ourselves,

A call came to Kamuthi, a town fifty-five miles away. It did not

seem nrgent; that was becanse the messengers unfol'tunately did not

kIlO,,' how t:> describe the patient's symptoms. It seemed almost impose

sible to get away before Sunday and vm knew that in so large a to'wn there would be a Gov't. L"~r.P. to look after the case. Sunday we went by car, taking the.shortest route, which was not the main road to the town sathe last mile of the way was a mere trail through fields, aerose a s~ream, and up a steep bank where a high ridge in the middle of the ti-ack had to be shoveled off to allow the car to pass. We were sorry to

find the· patient very ill with meningitis. It was less than a year since

her .marriage; she wore many jewels arid was e,idently. herfather'fJ .Q.ar~

ling. ,I !>pent the night and left a nurse there next day aft~r cQnsn~ta~

tion ,wit~ the local L.M,P., but the. girl's. :rever went up to 105 and she pa.ssed :·~.way. . . ., .

'"

50 As S0011 as ! got back to Madura there came a call to Abiramam, a

towu we had passed through five miles short of Kamuthi. It has a large

111 uhammadan population and one of their women, who had been a pri vate patient in hospital, had induced thechie£ man of the place to call me for his sick wife. lIe is unloading agent at Rangoon for one of the big steamship lines, . so is not often in his home town, but supports a school

and a dispensary there and has from Government· the honorary title

" Rao Bahadnr". We went on Tuesday; found our patient a gosha lady with malaria. For the night I was taken to the gonest house, a pavilion in a coconut tope. The central room wa3 open front and back except for

bamboo lattice around the verandahs and had a small sleeping room on either side. It was quiet and pleasant. The patient was hroughtinto

Madura a few days later for treatment and has given five hundred rupees for llOspital equipment.

Dr. Scott was with us for a few days during lfichaelmas leave at the Medical School. She had to go the Monday after our Abiramam trip,

but in the forenoon lielped me with a serious operatir,n.

VI. Work in Union Organisations. South India

United Church. Dr. Banninga writes as follows:-

The dou~cil of this Church during the past year have been consider­in&, ~ery carefully the project of ullion with the Anglican Church. Re­ports ha;e rome in ,from about one half of the Councils giviug their views

regarding the matter. While some are enthusiastio concerning the mat­ter of union, others. rega,rd the adoption of episooP3:cy as a very serious matter and a high price to pay for union. Nevertheless no Conncil has

yet said that they would not pay this price provided the episcopacy that we adopt can be carefully safeguarded so that it. will not become an auto­cratic hierarchy.

The Madura Church Council, having received into its membership many from the Church

Madura •.. ' Churoh Council. Missionary SocIety's MISS]On of the

.Church of England in Tinnevelly, is in fa.vor of union and, as Dr. Banninga says, "does not regard episcopacy as a danger for they have seen it at ,close range," and would thei'efore welcome fellowship

~ith that Cl)urch.

51

" The communicant membership,'! to continue the quotation from Dr. Banninga, "of the S.I.U.C. now is 08,100, while the total Christian community connected with the S.LU.C. is 210,270, spread all over South India. These 200,000 Christians are a powerful leaven gradually transforming this country into a land where Christian truth is known and followed."

The Mission has changed its relation to the Madura Church Council by relinquishing its constitutional right to elect certain officers and giving the Council the right to elect all its own officers as from January 1923.

Board for Rev. A. C. Clayton, Talnil Literature Tamil C bristian l\J1'"" • d f

Literature. J.ulsSlOnary reports to thfl Boar or Tamil Christian Literature as follows:-

When the Rev. T, Walker of Tinnevelly died, he had completed two· thirds of the revision of the old Lutheran Tamil translation of the A poe­

rypha. I was asked to complete the revision, and have carried on the work at intervals in my limited leisure. I have now reached the seventh

chapter of Second Maocabees. There are still eight chapters to be donc • • Canon Sell has reoently written a book on the times between the Old

and New Testaments, intended for Indian preachers and catechists. Canon Sell is anxious that the Tamil Apocrypha should be available as soon as his book is printed.

The matter in tIle Apocrypha is of very uuequal value, but it has an

important plaoein the history of the development of monotheism and the preparatiou for Christianity. That Walker of Tinnevelly should 1 an thought it .worth his while to give time to the revision is proof of that.

I have revised the translation of the' Third Book' of the Graded

Bible Lessons in Tamil as far as the 72 Story for printing, have passed the proofs of the 'Fifth Book' in English as far as Story 60, and of the second edition of the 'First Book' as far as Story 3:>. The prihting of th~ second edition of the Tamil Bible Dictionary has been delayed as a.

new editio);. of 'Tamil Lyrics t had to be put through the press.

It is worthy of note that our work in union organi. sations is largely educational. The reports of these f01 .. low.

It Wa,sj~ April· 1901 ;that ,the Missiol?-,. ~ote(1, "'That , ~, :c~:r;nmit~ee :,~~ 'appointed, to act with ,a

Jt~dajkanal' cpmmitte~ of the Arcot Mission, alld,that School fOt" , , i ! , ' : :'" ' " . ;

" Missionaries' ,this Joint Committee be authorised to .' ': [ 'Children.

start a school. fqrl\1:ission~ries' children on 1t4e;lst July 1901." Mrs. Eddy was appointed Prin­cipal and member of the' Joint Committee.

, ,The Mission considered ,that 'for the sake of facility and harmony, the Joint Committee should be allowed the full responsibility of Directors and have entire control of tlie policy:and conduct of the school, the Principal to be a memb~rex-o.fficio.

Mrs. Eddy visited America in 1902 and.in co-operlt­'tiOIi with Dr. and Mrs. Wyckoff rai~ed $10,000 for the schooL, This.made it possible to secure Highclerc at an

. expense of Rs.29,OOO;

"; Since then the s~hool has greatly prospered. 'Other societies .ha~e joined in its support, its numbers

; hl.ya in~l'ea3edand generous donations have been ,reccivea,et;l~bling it ,tp purchase adjacent.properties and erect new buildings. It 1ms nobly fulfilled ,the' purpose

: embodied in it, ,a.J,ld finds its justi(wation in the ,hundred or so healthy hearty boys and girls that are in it.

The school has~ suffered two severe calamities. Early i·in the year MissBoyer was returning to the school in the Li~l-'f~ted~gypt aIid perished at sea.

In September, when there was a short. vacation, diphtheria appsared ,~mong the children at J{Qaail~anal, one ',' case being,~~at~~.. This made it "necessary for the ISchool to be closed tll'e rest of .tli~ _year: The new year pronlises to be health'y 'and prosperons.

~a'1

J, ",'"rrllisi~the outgrowth of,.BI school that was stal.tea·~ before 1872 and in, 1884was:convertea,

Union f:htistiau into a 'High School and in .1905 was

High' School. placed under the management' of the',

College Council. It h'18 within the ,past year been placed under the united care of the. Church ~f Sweden Mission and our l\1ission, the former taking ',t'he controlling interest. Mr. Wallace states that the chaJ;lge, is due parely to the impossibility of securing adequate funds for it from the College, and partly from a desire to encourage co-operation between the two l\Iissions.

The numbers in the School the past year have been 51 Brahmans, 242 non-Brahman Hindus, 90 Muhamma 4

dans, 115 Indian Christians and 7 Anglo.lndiltns. Pleasing evidences of loyalty 'to the school on the

part of Old Boys bas been shown. A rvIuhammadan B.Sc. (of Glasgow), C. E., is onc. Christian a'nd Hindu Barristers are others.

United

Theological l\f r. Herrick wri tes, Colleg-e,

Baugalore.

The College was opeued in 1910 by tlle co·operation of three British

Missionary Societies, one Danish and one American. In WI!."! another

Am~rican Society gave its support to the CoIlpge, and in 192:! auether

Danish Society was added to the supporting body. Since that time 44 studeuts have received theological traiuing., of

whom teu are U I.iversity graduates. Seventeen of these are teachers in theological institutions, nearly aU of the remainder are pastors and

evangelists, or engaged in some form of missionary w')rk.

At the opening of the College in July of the current year 11 new

stndents were received, 4 for a shot·t course of one year, and 7 for tho full course. In Oetober the students took partin a Y.M.C.A. c mp, and

a few weeks later assistediu arranging for a Y.M.C.A. " Retreat" at 'the '

College, wh ch was well attended.

Dr. Larsen's return from furlough the Iatt~r part of AugnsltwRs

welcomed with joy by all connected with the College.'rbi", was offset,

by the temporary withdraw;d of ;\[1'. Ph:l1lips for work in connection with·

'\8 ~alabB.r Council or the S.I.U.O. the urgeM1 of whtop WWI ,a~,w-tttM tO l 1)e ;iio' great thaithe 'OoUege Council1rlih great"relttctance'oonaented to,tliis reduction in thetachfug!fome.,:· 1 '

NoiJ8.b'lG giftsof i bQoka: for. the, libr~ry iha~ been ;..eceiv~( dti.~~ the year:-0n~ f~m,. the lilu:ary of. ~he .late aishpJl.Rob~nson by; :Mrs. :Robin. sq~ ;,,'F~ ~ mo~ ree~Dt,one from tpelibrary oftAel~te Rev. Dr. Alexan· dar'Miller of Buc~i~: S~o&1and,ano,ther was from the library ot t1~e lat.e Re~. :Dr, 'l{artin bf~ Auburnd:1.1~, Mass.', 'u.S.A. ; ".. ,.,'

. AfiJtlU); C~U8e' of r~Jio1cirig is a giftot' £1,000 'from th~ Wt:~i~y~~~ Mis8idD~ry Society toWards the buildirig fund. This has en~bied" u~ 'to' pay the .~maindor due on the mOI-tgage of Rs. 30,000 ~y means of which: the oqUe~~. buil~~ were completed~ While the college ill thus out ot debt, thete is still, duo a sum of about Rs. l~/IOO on the building fund, this sum represents previous payments on the mort~e ejfect~a: by e',,~' trE!me economy from the general fullds of the oollege. It is hoped that this. will :be'made ~vailable by further gifts, in order that the several needs of tIle oollege in. the: waY"of. furniture, equipment,· additioul bAiJd •.

ings,.e~~.! mlly be>.sllf,plied •

. o¥edicDl

. 'f~~;~~!~n, ! )?i .. s~?tt, ';Vrites, Vellore.

The College opened its fifth year in July with 75 studcnts,tht~ty.two of whom are in the Freshman class.. . .

For the first time all the students are housed in the town intw\l dlr· fere~tLuildings. The ~ining.rooms and recitation rooms are in one of them .. They aU sleep, on the large verand nbs , Fh"e members of the staff' live ·':in,a bung~o~ in the s~me compou~d, and thus have opp6rtuni.

ty to know the girls~ Two of the doctors and two' nurses liT'e at the bun-galow next the hospital whi~h is a mile away. ' . -

'l'he.8enior students ,have most of th~ir classes at Voorhees College, w bleh 'Q8lQ~gs to the A.~ot .Mission. The F~hmen have chemistry tbere also 88 we have no labl?ratoxi.e8 as yet. .. Th.e ~~niol1l ~v~ clini~l w,ork andbp~~~de ~.nstructionat .the hospital., yv e find the ambulauce useful to take the, girls back and forth on rainy or very hot days.

I· •• ': " _'.,". • '. :'." •• ". ;

. .The.· fi,rst . c~mmencem~Jl~ was held in March and wn.s a successful affa.ir~, Th~S~l)n.,Ge,l]-8r&;l was present and pff,l.ised t~e school for .~~. work it was cloing und also its standard. " ., . . ". ,

" !.o9~ of the fourteen ;girls lVho:~e~t np ~9. tbe .. ~o:v~rI:lme~t .. eXRID::na-, tion .in April; ten passed,some with hOllors. ,.,4.l~ but t~ee of. the fonr-teen are.now serving in. m~on ~spita.l~,.: . ,

PART OF A STREET CROWD AT ONE OF THE VIT.LAGES, INDIA

r-----.,.-:----:-":'::"":"=-:-:--:------------ - ------ -

A PREACHING PLACE I~ MADURA DISTRICT, INDIA

VII. Co .. operation. Some of our best work is conducted in co-operation

with other bodies. Such is the work for ,KuHar W (,Irk •. the Kallartribe whereby they are being

transformed from a Criminal 'Tribe into an' honorable" community. Government sought' our co-operation and we heartily gave it.

Mr. Dudley gives the following account of it:-

Received from thePoHce Department,

For schools Rs. 10,135

J!'or boariers

" Piram!1lai Reformer" Lecturer

Taking children to sports

Weaving shed

Furniture ...

Carpenter shed, tools, &c.

2,28~

125 108

32

170 200

205 Us. 13,2~0.

We have at, present fit villflgc schools under the Police' Department

in the Usilampatti, Tiruma~alam, Pasumalai, Blltlugundu, Dinlligul

and Palni Pastorates.

Although it is difficult to secure good teachers, we expect several men from Pasumalai in April and a y<:'ar later the training class at 'Diruman­

gal am will give UCl a good unmber of trained teachers who can take up

this work.

We have in our various Boarding- Schools about 80 KalIar chlidrpn,

aside from a goodly number (perhaps 30 or 40) ',Chdstians who came

from this community.

The Kallal' Special Officer has recent1y given verbal sanction for

twelve schclarships for girls at Tirumangalam and we have agoreed to give

special atteution to these children and the other girls from this caste now

in this school. Be will give us a sewing machine as soon as they cau

use it.

In May weaving was sLarted in tl~e Tirumangalam Boa~ding School and about 2'1 boys work at this trade~ Four spf'nd practically full time

at weaving, the others do it in addition to the ordinary curricllJum. 'l'his

industry is self-supporting and we e;x:pect a l?rofit ~of Rs. 50ll during the

cD"tpingyear to support Kallar children in th~S(!hool.

fn 001:0001' we began cnl'pontl'YSrud a.re worklng':on a. BOO-rupee ord.~tI of furniture for Kallal' 'sohools. Abo'ut ten boys 'work 'at this tl·ade. Three

8cholarshipsin additiou to N~ .. e' one already taken, have been sa.nctioned fot this Q.epal'tment.

The Labor Cqtnmi£!sionel" has spoken favorably to sending boys to th.~J'~ade School at ~.a~malai for,training. .

. I~ July a T~~ini~~ Class was started ':i~ Tirumangala~ with the

Boarding SohooL' This class is abritnch of the Pasmalai Training Bahodl

nnd recogr.ised as s~ch by Government. :1'1Iere are .eight. or rdne students

from the Knllar caste and many of the~e llUve already tauo'ht in Kallal'

schook ]1'.)ur men have been baptised in this class this year~ Believing that one of the best things we can do for Kallal' Nad

schools is to furnish train~d tf)achers, and believing OM of the best things

we can do for the Church in Kallal' Nad is to SAS that these teachers Itre

Christians, we have Rought means to take iuanother class of 30 ill July. The Director of Public Instruction has vel'bally sallctio~ed the, stipends.

Tho Labor Commissioner has led us to hupehe. will sanction Rs. 2,000 for bUildings.

We know of a good number of Kallal'S who will c()me to,suoh a CIRSS,

and some of thom already lean strongly towardChristinnit.y.

One of the greatest difficulties in the work of Kallal' Nad is .the

batKwardness of the women;' \Ve have fO~lr Bible Women now for the

work amollg them. 1-Ve have as many Cat.echists now on this:fpnd-anc1 will be in a position to do. mora sy3tama~ic and thorough evangelistic

werk theiQoming year.

Giving on the part of Christians has doubled in .UsiJampatti Pastor­

ate this year and it has nearly doubled in Tirnmangalam. Just what pro­

portion of this is dne ~p Kallnr work it is impossible to say.

" 'J'he Pil'amalai UEKormer". hus beencoritinned at a loss through the year. But it is IUllch v~lued 'by the Police Department and itscontinu­

fiuee seems justified, egp~cially as .thereareindic·ationsJhat it will:,be

financially more 8ucce~fnl in the. future .

. During the statistical yoar about 64 have received adult baptism from

the KaUar caste.

Usilampatti is the herLd centre of the Ka,llars and a i~w details ;o~ the wOl'kthereabouts luay be or interest.

'Start in the 'motor-bus at 4.45 A.M. for UsilaInpatti a 'distance of 25 m]es. Es. 600 in your suitcase for the group of agents .at work in that centre moike you careful,

No rOom in the seat with you~ soy~u place the case behinlf . and run the strap of 'yourtherm~sbottle cs,'sa through the ih8il1dle of the suitcase and strap if. to: the back of your 'seat. ' ,"

~even miles out from Usibmpatti the bus is stopped by a swhiging lantern ~nd you are invited t{}, come down by one who intends to get that money in your case. You, meekly conform and deliver thecase money and all. But' as the one who thus unceremoniously accosts you is the Mis810nary ,for whom you are taking the money, it is all right.

Rain has been fa,lling and you get into his bullock coach with him to pass along a narrow muddy lane to a viUage neal' by. Supporting the coach before and behind so it will not tip either way, you sit in it and enjoy anne " little breakfast" of coffee and pan.cakes.

You are in. the centre of three villa.ges inhabited by Kallal'S. You start on foot,yith your companion Lomeet the 'headmen of the three villages calleq together to take steps for buil ding a new and sufficient school house.

1,000 l'upees are nee~ed, of which Government will give half. How much can you get from these villages whose own houses do not average more than a fifth of ihatsum? 'The responsible men sit on the ground with their followers standing behind in a semi-circle. Finally they sign a promise that they will give Rs. 300.

Then comes tbe question of a site, which they agree to give. You walk back and forth between' the villages in sticky mud tbat· enlarges your feet and threatens to pull off your shoes, until an open spot under the high bank of a tank between two of the villages is agreed 'upon.

In all this the I\fissionaries could hardly accomplish a, settlement without the invaluable aid of the Indian

~~,; 1?ltsbor who patien~~y, p,nu persistently holds the vi11agerFJ to ,t4e"p:uti~9,ue$tip~an,d brings them to ~:qonclu~i~n.

Mounting the bulLock coach again you finish the last seven miles of the journey stopping on the way to loq~,

at ~ ,yppple. of school-s conducted by other bodies. ' . ," . , ~ , ,

At Usilampatti you ,spend ,the best part of two days, meetingfirst.the Pastorate qornmittee of the Christians connected with the Mission; and then the teachers of schools in the vicinity. Both meetings are full of interest.

As the'sljhools have increased rapidly of late, and as some of the teachers are very poorly trained, the Mis­sionary has invited an experienced training master from thePasumalai Training School to give sever~llectures on the keeping of registers as required by the Govern~. ment. This he, does in a very interesting and effective wn,y.

After these lectures the money so carefully brought is all distributed, and the parties disper3e k> their several homes'. The two, Missionaries adjust themselves in th~ coach for a llloonlight drive of 22 miles to Tirumangalam.

A halt is made in a village on the way while the local ,Missionary routs out a smBlll Kallal' boy who sltou1d have ·gone·to the Pa,su:nalai Elementary School hlitt, has, failed to do so. His excuse is itch, but ,even in the dark~ , ness, it can be detected that the eczematous marks on,his hands are aU dried up. A bystander explains that :some. festivity m the family was the cause of his staying a wa y from' Eichool. ' , :

Mr. Math~ws writes ot similar work in ,the Batlagun- ' du Boarding Sch.ool. He says,

A c!'Luse of tharibgiving is the ~dmission of Kallarboys.lJnly a

few have been received thus fur, . but Government has promised addition­

al soholarships for the new year. Most of these· boys have hever

Ittteudecl sohool, but they are strong llJld sturdy, I1qq eager for ~n ednca-

tton~ They are ,;~~nta11y, a.~ well aS,physically, well equtpped for It-arc! ' WQr~. Our aim is tQ educate the, boy~, and~netil intI), thp-ir miuds th~ , p.rinciples of honesty !lnq industry. Weare ready to open a Cbl.l~S in c'ar­

pentry, at begil1niug of.the new year. Tllis will be in addition to ,their

regular class-room work, and will not only make the 8choollife interest­

ing 10 ,thl:)lm but will gil'e them a trade whereby they can earn their own

living. 'Ordhiarlly there 'would be' noraom for these Kallal' boys, be­

mi,uE-a the building's are aheady overcrowded with the Christian children. The G,~'Yernmel1t, however, has made this possible by pro~idi~g a grant;

forth~ n~w carpentry shop, and the necessary tools, and bas gi~en gener­ously £01' the repair of an old building, which now serves as a dormitory

for th'e boys. We are still looking forward to the proposed new plant for

the Boarding School. The present buildings are old, insufficient, unattrac­

tive, aud utterlY unfit for carrying on the importaut work which we ha'\"o

undertaken. But wtJ rl"joice that friends at bome have already given

liberally f01' the nBW plant for the school, and are confidellt that the whol~ amount needed will be raised, Rnd the buildings erected, within

the near future. Then the work can bo properly carded au, and the

genel'alhel.llth of the children will irnpro'\"c, whl;m overor(,)wdiugis re­

lieved.

Mrs. White gives the following account of the same kind of work for another OriminalTribe:-

In Ramuad District there are about 2,500 men, women and children

b..:longing to the KUI'n.va caste. These people are by habit nomadic and

addicted to drunkfmness, immorality, thieving and housebreaking. In 1900 Mr. Perkins began work am0ng these people to try to reclaim their

sonls for Christ. After he 1<'ft AruppukottaiDr, Jeffery carried on the work by bringing about halF a dozen of the bOYE to the Boarding School.

On May 22, 1919, Government sanctioned scholarship grants of Rs. 4 each per mcnsem up to a total ot EO children to enable them to study in th(\

Boarding Sch~ol at Arnppukottai. On ,June 19, 1920 this aid was increas­ed to Rs: 5 per menRem up to a total of 100 children. It also gave a

grant of"Rs. 10,039 to bnild a dormitory for boys, which was dedicated

Feb. 9Ul, 1922. To date Government has granted in schol~rships Rs.

10,900. What are ollr aims in regard to these children? It is somewhat

hard to establish regular h..i.bits in boys who not only h~ve been

free from disoipline but also have a heritage from nom~dic ancestors.

'l'hey chafe against rt>glliar 110urs and very often in the morning

one or two will be :fonn~ among the, missing. Then a trllstworthy boy is sent to bring in the wanderers. But r am glad to say that iii is mainly

the new boysWhorun /:l.way. Boys who b::j.ve been here a rear or two

tt~dGilly!"6-b9Y! ~li,,· rules. :t!1 tC'lio1a.nlllp: tb.~B8 ',"6rsatu1ih'I'B:~c;mp1Lre ' favorably:With:'the other cihtldreil~" One 'boy Teoen-ed a.' prize'hdh~ Brule': Ulffijil~xa:niination 'thiifjear. 'SeVettl.l others 's~nd:8.t',the 'bead' of lth'eir claiiJli~s. '1 it· was' not<loli~{ ago : tliat cine boy told: me he hoped to:becomi:l Ii. "Ch'il)sbift.u' cateehist. '

,:.~ ·ri.,· '·':.r ;,'~'I ,'; !,' :" ::" . .' ,.;,. ~,/ .. ~·f· 1:-:: ,,';' ~:. !;:"t:"

, ' ; As!.~t ;~9t ~a~r hav~ ih~iti1aed the.ir e~ncat~o~,,~~~ o~ !~~o,ae: ~l\lO ~~Y,~'i ~ not o~epo.s:g9n~ ,b.~ck to a, liCe of stealing. ,All ~hohave ;li,nibhed" ~ave

go~e OUt/II,~.t~'~; ~~oriil to t~~e' 'th~!~'pli~'~'~;~' ~~~~il!~d: ,~~st~~~~~: i'.~~~~~ ~ boys have left th~ !Jo~ool a.fter finishing their education at Pasuma.li:ii and .' . ~ J.'\' ;":. ',' ,'. ::, ~:. . :' , --,,:' , '::. '. i.: . . I : ~. ': ." . -"! ; , '.'" 'I: ..

areaolng gocidwork; , On::: boy is, a Station Master 'iIl: CeylQn earning Rs. 50 'per mou'th.! 'The 8on~(the :l1ead man' of 'the Kui'ava . calt e .is a. c~nstabJ~'. :Tbr~() are teaoh~n~ SCh~?~.:'o~~)~'.:a write~", i~,tbe r. ~ 9.A:. ' ia; Colombo" w.litlii~;e he Sf3~d8 money to"his 'tw~ 'b~others, who. llre, s~~dy'ing , here. ', .. ' , ., ,.. , , ., , ...

6 ~/ • •

!., .~~st yeM thero was a. total (If, 50 .children studying iu the A,l'nppu­kp.ttai ,Boarding Scbool and at Pasnmalai !and Oapron Hall, This year, we'h~",e,a total of 58. ,

"J't kbasket.maldng class was started the 1st of ()cto'ber to' te!l.ch these children the use of their fingers and to keep them from having too much, leisu:re time; As no '<Jnon9ywas availilole~ fl)r a 'teacher thi~ h'a:s'itberely been carried on by .. the· rpll'Pils'YJi9 ,know" something. of bas~et-~aki1:lg ,

h~lp~n,~ ,those ;who d() not, un~~r tho snperyision -pf ,th,e,Sfbool manager.

),',

,CONCLUSION.

·'lte.~evah~Jttion of C?t1! worKl~ call~Cl for ~,You~ 13~ard~ :Y~A !lle call attention ~(): tl1e: ~o.ordinatiQnbet'Yoo.n :the, va.rious bra.nches of ,our work. .

Forty years ,a,go' a Yilla,g~ sclio61 was maintained in "," c", ,a sDl~l v.illage' fo~a<t~r.n.,qf'ye~rB a~d,i '·Xi1lag(S.~~oo1s. ;:;th~n ,discontinued.. ;)TbiJi. year twenty-

nine families have formed a Christian Congregation',{ of, those who' were children then and: their chi~dren~ 'We ~a;rue that scbooi. " '.' '

, .,', ~~rmer'~;'~~he Mission would erect a small mud and' thatch'building, and work for months ,or ~

'{~~dIOhtirChes •. ",evep:r~~rs 'tQ .~U it .. III Koilpatti,. the:

61

people have built it, and crowded it from the beginning and come into association with the Church Council. This is the better way.

Years ago a girl small of stature from a feeble village school was taken into the Boarding School

Station School. and later on married to a village Christ-ian. Now she is the mother of three strapping young men all in industrial work as teachers. VV' e continue our high valuation of both village and station schools.

Result of many forms of work were in evidence in a Sunday service in a lnud prayer-house.

Sunday Service. Th t h d h"f d t e eac er an IS WI e were pro uc s .. of Pasuma~ai and M,angala.puram respectively. Two

Bible Women trained in Rachanyapuram were present. An infant baptised was'the grandchild of an orphan saved from famine and flood and trained in the Palani Orphan­age, Batlagundu Boys Boarding School, and Pasumalai. The child's father is ~~~ching a Board School under the Local Government. This father's bullock cart took the two Missionaries in the rain to the high road. The driver of the bullocks was the gr~wn-up son of one of the earliest ChriEtians in that place, the old man being no longer living. rrhe .property is not well kept up for lack of funds in the Pastorate ComPJ,ittee. The Congregation remains small and unable to provide funds for repairing buildings, though it IS a center where various Christian families are represented. The school for Hindu boys is well main­tained.. Everyone we look at is the product of one or more of our agencies.

Every agency has in its time brought forth fruit to the glory of God. "In the morning sow thy seed and in the evening withhold Dot thy hand for thou knowest not which shall prosper, whether this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good."

62

CHANGES IN 50 YEARS. ~ ~;

Jan. 1873: Jan. 1923.

23 Missionaries 63

127 Indian Workers 910

249 Villages with Christians 605

7,059 Christian Comlnunity ... 26;724

194 Gain over previous year 585

Rs.3,447 Contributions Rs.32,552

31 Churches; Pastorates 32

11547 Communicants 9,1·t2

57 Gain for·the year ... 128

2,419 Pupils in the Schools 14,923

Rs. 1)222 Fees from. arll Schools Rs.79,214

10 I tineracies ... 57

47,541 Hearers on do. -.. 129J954

Pupils of Bible W omon 3,3.25

Hear~rsof do. 101,303

2 Dispensari(;3s ; Hospitals ... ', :2

100 Patients 2,014

.24)357 Treatments 60,433

LIST OF MISSIONARIES

Be·v. John J. Banninga, lll.A., D.D., Secreta'ry.

Date of enterino- Mis-

s o . Names. Post Office Addresses. sion erVlee.

1901 1901

1873 1871

1908

1916

1900 J..900

Rev. J,ohn J. Banninga, ,MA., D.D. ... } PIal·' M d Dt SId' 1\1rs. Mary D. Banninga' ... asu n aI, a ura I' n la.

W01'k: Union Theological Seminary. Rev. John S. Chandler, M.A' J B.D. ... "" } 1\11'" d . SId' M H . tt S Ch dl J..ua ura, . n Ja. rs. enne a. an er, B.A. . ..

, , TV01'k: South India United Church. l\Iiss Gertrude E:Chandler, (Kg. Tr.) ... Madura, S. India.

Wode: Capron Hall High and Training Schools. Miss Edith M. Coon, M.A. •.. . . . Madras, S. India.

Work.' Womants Christian College. R,' ev. James H. Dic~son, B.A., B.SC. ... • .. } Pasumalai, Madur!1 Dt., S. india. Mrs. Frances H. DIckson, (Kg. Tr.)... ...

Work.' South India United Church.

~919 Rev. RaymoJ?-q A; Dudley, B.A., ~.D. ... 00. } Tirumangalam, Madura Dt.,S~Jn.di3. 1919 Mrs. KatharIne E. Dudley, B.A. .... • ...' ,

Work ,: South IndIa UnIted Church. 1891 Rev. Willis Pi Elwood) M A. . .. } Dindigul, 1YIadura Dt., S. India. 189i Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood, ',", , ... , .' ;.. . ...

, , Work: South IndIa UnIted Church. 1912 .Mr. Edgar M. Flint', M.A., B.se. .. ~l\fadura, S. IndIa. 1912 Mrs, SusannaQ., FI~nt,:)3.A. ' . . .. J

, Work: [1'he AmerIcan CoIl ege. 1911 Mr. L. Curtis Gui~e, MiA. .', i ,'00'. ~ •• } lViadura, 8.!India. 1911 :Mrs. Nettie B~;Gulse ' ...., ~ "

':,.. " ,'Work: ·TheAmencanCollege. ",""_ .

11,88,9

847, ,;,Rev. David S. Herri?k, M.A. ... } Miller's Road, Bangalore, S. IndIa.

Mrs. Dency R. HerrIck, B.A. . . . • •. , 'Work,' United Theological College.

191:5 Rev. James M. Hess, M.A., B.D. • •• }' On furlouO'h. 1915 Mrs. Mildred W. Hess .. . 0

TVork,' The American College. 189] Rev. Rdward P. Holton, M.A., ·B.D. ... . ... } P~lni, 1\fadura Dt., S. India. 1894 Mrs. Gertrude 1\:1. Holton ... .. .

Wo~rk: South India United Church. 189G Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, M.A., D.D. ... '" 'S On furlough. 1.890 Mrs. Maud B. Jeffery, B se.... . ..

Work: ,South India United Church.

JQU 19] 1

'if 1

'191'5 1915

:1

1915 l~'Jl(j

3.908 1910

1003 lU9;~

~91Q 1916

J8'~~

1895'

190Q

:Ni~. fI:~6!:l~::~~~~!:~~·1l·. : ::: ... :. ::: } PaBhm~lai, 'Madura Dt., S. India. h:.(' !" " ',' " ,I Wo~h;:' South India United Chure,h. !

1,1r. Lloyd L. Lorbeer, M.A. ...! ' ..• }

11r 8., Elva ;H.Lorbe~r, M.A. ...' '" ~n furlough. . TYol'k,' Pasumalai High and Training'Schools.

Rev. A?~I A. Ma1'tm,B.A.,'B.D.:... . .. } f' " ' Mrs. :Emnia W. Martin;: . ' ... ,,! ! I... On urlough.

: ',',': i. I',,; Work.' South India United OhurcJ:i." .~! ,

Rev. B1.1rleigh V 'Math~wsJ'.B.t\., IlL.B. ' 'J"}' ~ . 1\11'8. P~al:l0,. M~thewst ... ,~atl~~undu, ~~a~~ra Dt.~ ~. Incha. ,,' i ',Work.:South India United OhUl'ch. . " Rev. John X. Miller, M.A.,·D~.n. i'" ,'~.'~ /' I ••.• J:}. . 1y.ff~· ~1argaret Y.;Miller' '.. .:. ~aSUn;ta,lal, !v1adur:1 Dt., S. India. J I I, • ffor~.; Pasuma,lai! High and Training ~chools. Hev: Eqward L. Noltmg; B'.A., B.D. ... .. } i ''':<1,'.:;, ' .;:

Mrs. Rosa W' Nolting ',' ,'i ';'", ~:' : ;.\ ' ,MadUf;~, S. IndIa. • ; •• , , t' :,', 1, ' lVO'1'k,: the American Oollege. f ,!;,I :';'

1\1188 l\1ary T. Noyes, Bla.! f 11' ':;'1,':' ",~ .. , Madura, S. India. :.:," ." , "" ,TVork: Capron Hall High and Tra~llg ;Sch901s~ . MI~B HarrIet E: Parker,'M;~.· . ... ... 'Madura, S. IndIa. . . . fVo'r7c: Hospita.I for, Wom'en.and Children.

1¥.ISS C~therlDe S. Qmckenden . .. ... AIluppukottai,Rainnad Dt., S. India. <, Work: Women's Work. ." ...

1918

J,8,8,7 , ". ; ~ :

1913 1913

J9'14

1917

1884

1811 1877

1888

1919

189,3.

1897

1897

}\tIiss !vlary Hogers, R.N. ... ... Madura, S. India, TtVol'k· .. Hospital for Women and Child.ren.

Miss lYIary M.~oot,;.: .. ''':,1 Madura 8; India. . . Work : Bible Women's vVork. Rey. .. ~lb~rt J. Saunders, 1LA., B .. D. '~' .. }.l\I d .' ·S I d: Mrs. Jessie M. Saunders ;;' I .' :"!!,' aura". 11 131.

" Work.. The Anierj~an College: . Miss Katharine B. Scott, B.A;, M~D • .. ·.i f • :".1 \ .. ::1 . ... Vellore, N. Arcot Dt., S. India.

TV ork,; 'u nion:Medical School'for W omeo. :'.' Miss Bertha K. Smjth,:13 A." .•. A~uppuk6tt'al;Ramnad Dt., S. India.

W07'k: Women's Work. ' .. ;:.:' Miss Eva M. Swift. '.'.' d. .... : ... \ On furlough .. .. '.' Work,: TJucyPerry Noble Bihle Institute.

R.ev. James.E. Tracy, M~A.,D.D •.. ' . .:.' I ••• } K d ·.k I M d't Dt SId' Mrs. Frances S. Tracy . . ,., 0 ~1 ana, , a u a ., . n .la,

. ..... Work: ,South India United Church, Rev. Frank Van Allen, .B,A., M.D. '.' ... 'M'adura, S. India.

;" :! W"rk " Albert Victor Hospital:' ... ; i". ,;

Miss Martha M. Va.Il. 411en, M A. . . . •• • Madura, S. India. Work.: qapron HaUHigh and Training. Schools.

REfv .. C. ~tanley VaughltJ1 .: .... ... '. ~~namadtl1:~, Ramnad Dt , S. India. " '.' ','. W(Jrk: South India United Churcll~ ,

Rev. William W. Wallace,M.A."B.D. - .:;.' '<l\fadura, S. India. , . .. Work: The American College. , •.

lVI.cs. Genevieve rr. Wallace ... On furlough.

1917 R~Y, Emmon8-.~.yVhite, 13 k, B.D.· .. ~. } Aruppuk.ott·~i,:Ramna.d.t>t., S.Jndia. 1917 .. .Mrs. Ruth P. VV hIte, B.A. : .. '. .: ,

. . lVork:: Soath India Uiiited Ohm·ch. .. ..' ; 1915 l\iissKa;tharine B. vVilcox, B.A. .... . .:~. On furlough. .

. . -. Work: Capron gall High and Training 'Bchoo~s. 1921 Mr. Edw~~d W.W .. i!de:rJ B.:A;., lfD. . .. } Madura,·S. India'. 1921 Mrs.·HarrIet M. WIlder. B.A. ,. ... _', "

- . -. .-:TVork: Albert Victor HospitaL.. ~:"" . "'. " 1922· Rev. Oll1rence E .. W ~lsted~ .. ; ..... .... . .. } Kodaikanali ~tadu;r~~·:ri~., .8. Indi~. 19'22 Mrs. Mabel E. Wolsted ... ,;,., .

. : W:ork·: Language Study. ] 907 ]\tIrs. Harriet H.Zumbro . ... On furlough.

The following. are associ~ted in the work of the Mission but are Dot under ~·appointment.::-"-Miss Alice ~ .. Chamberlin and ~!iss Kathaleen F. Tremenheere.; ,

. Furlough address-'-of all l\-lissionaries :~Careof A.B.C.F.M., 14, BeaGon:.S?~eet, Boaton~ Mass., U.S.A.

68

NOTES ON STATISTICS.

Dr.BANNI~GA., 8ta·ti'~tician.

Table 1. The '~umb~r of Missiooaries on the roll: of the Mission at the close of. 1922 was three less than the year previous owing to th~ resignation of Rev. and Mrs. Cooper and the wi~hdrawal of Miss'McNeill who hadfor a time assisted in the work of Rachanyapuram as a II specia1 worker" iipt under appoin~menthy, the BO,ard.

Two Minister~.were ordained during ,·the·year thus increasing the number of' such workers by' that,figul'~.

Among other :Indian w~rkers there: was" a 'total in­crease of 31 oveI' the number employed in 1921. lu-this numbeI' the lal'ges;t;inc,~ea'Se is:: amo.ng "Masters" while there is again a falling off (of e]even) in the number-of Catechists. '.

Table II. 192 I showed a large'":gain in the total number of our dhri8~an Com.munity. The gain this year is not so large,' but comes near:~r the a:verage gain we have had for many:' years. r.rhe gain: for 1922 was 585. Last year's figure would -have b~eh sm~llerand this year's correspondingly greater: if th~re haa, notbeen.':a, fairly large mistake mad'e in.;> the Se~alpatty~ pi.St'or~te" where the number of "Baptized Adul~8 " wa"s count.ed twice ..

The largest :gain:"jg in the Centdtl Loca;I'{Jouncil where ~he special' JVork in the "':'"Kal~ar caste :h~B TeSw·ted in adding a net gain' of, 429 to:i>~E numbers. This is nearly equal to ou;r tot~l net gain., The N: drth Local 'Coun­cil gives a gain of 180, while:the;:East Local Council re­ports a loss of 105, due ~ainly to;-losses. inSe~hur w}iere a large gain was report~d last year. The West Local has but a small gain'due to losse'sin Kombaiand Bo'di­naikanur Pastorates, w~icll OffB~~_ th~ gains:.of others.

We can h-ardlyregard ou';' resuits as satisfactory tbis year, for tll0ugh we neve'r forget th;:tt3ife ~ cannofbe

69

D1easured by statistics, we must admit that we are call­ed upon to "disciple all nations" and we cannot claim success in that work when so small an increase in our numbers is recorded.

Table III. The net gain in the number of commu­nicants is only ] 28~ as against 302 the previous year. N a large. gajns are reported by any pastorates, and the losses in some almost wipe out the gains in others.

T,able IV rThe tendency, noted before, that there is increasingly less direct eV!1ngelistic work among Bin­dus, seems to continue this year also for the number of itine~acies held .and the number who heard the message through thismel:lDs had markedly decreased. We are

, glad to note, however, that the number of those who heard the Bible VVOlllE:n has increased slightly.

Table V In spit.e of the fact that we this year omit the'Madura Boys' High School from our Statistics as it has becom~ a Union High School, the number of stu­dents of all grades on our rolls has increased from 14, 354 ·to 14,923. A large part of this gain is again due to th~ 'vo]'~ among the KaJiar caste in Tirnmangalam and Usilampatti Pastorates, where lllore than 60 schools are filled· with the boys und girls of this community. The College and the thgh Schools all report substantial gains. Education is highly valued and larg~r numbers of pupils crowd into the classes each year.

Owing to the withdrawal of the Union High School fro:rQ. our tables,: the amount of fees collected is smaller than last year, but, as the Union High School continues the ,~oi·k.·we were doing, there really is an increase in .work: done and Jee.f.3 receiyed through it is not reported

here.

N A.ME OF LOCAL COUNCIL

OR

DEPARTMENT

MADURA CHURCH COUNClL W ORKI

North Local Council... 0" 1836 J

West " " . . . . .. 1839 Central" " . . . . . . 1834 South " " . .. .•. 1839 East " " ... . . 1835 H.M.S. Konganadu Mission ... ] 905

DEPARTMENT.

Mission Treasury " . AmericaI'. College, Madura ... 1881 Capron Hall School, Madura ...1835 Hindu Girls' Schools, Madura* . 1869 Tr. & H. Rehool, Pasumalai... 1875 Union 'rheol. Seminary" 1842 I L. P. Noble Bible School 1892 Dep'tof Women's work, Aruppu 1876

Do. Do. Madura... 1867 Men's Medical work, Madura ... 1849 'Women's Do. Do. 1887 U. Theol. College, Bangalore ... 1912 Women's Chl'istian Co1., Madras 1915 Women's Medical Col., Vellore. 1919

LANGUAGE STUDY . • • • ••

ON FURLOUGH ... ... • ..

555,000 470jOOO 483,000 330,000 720,000

J 7,uOO

No. 1-

MISSION-

:Men

I 2 '" .. .I ... ~ "':j ::: 1 ....... .. 1 ... .... .. e

... ....... . ..

... .. ....... 1 6. 0 ....

••• • •••• e· •••

2 . 1 ... 04'

...... . -.. ...

... -...... . ..

... ... ] ...

l.~ ....

.. .... 1 ... 2 2 ••• '0,

---~. ----/------.0' ••• ••• 10 1212 J Total for J 922

Total for 1921 ... 1---'--.. ,' -.,. --1-10 I:~--:I * Included 1:lnder " Capron-- Hall ",

'Agency, 1922

ARIES INDIAN AGENOY

J

I Women I'" I -+=l

OJ1 Women :::

Men '0

I p..

~I j! III

p.. ~

"dO

-I I ro ce ~

Co>

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~I Q) ,.!:l

ttl Q.) 00 0 ca.~ ~ c::l I~~

-+=l 8 ~ ce .81.-.. '(jJ OJ 00 ceQ) "'0 -+-=> .~ 0 Q) 0 Q)

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~ 00 O~ t6, 0 cO bO Q) ::: 0· .... ......

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Q) ~ ~ ~cO P I'd 0 T

Q) ~ -+-=> Q) :g "'0 rJJ ;> "'0 en ...... -+-=>

"d Q.) ~ <P.<-J -+-=> ce ..0 .~ ...c: ::: ~~ ~ 0: ~ ~ ;>- ..... -+=l 0 ~ ~~ P mE-! 0 0 c:il, ~ ~ :s 0 8

... 1 .. I J I I I 111 1251 2 ... 4 . .. 4 21 4 40 9 36 8 2 .. ,. . .. 4 I .~ • 4 9 16 5 64 9 42 8 153!15 2 ... ,.,

'" 4 ... 4 6 ]3 9 83 ]0 43 .., 164 ]1 1 ... ... . .. 2 '" 2 7 25 7 39 ... 38 3 119 6 1 ... ... 2 2 3 15 6 24 7 19 1 75 2

I 2 2 1 1 6 .•• ... ... .. , ... ... . .. ... . .. . ..

... ... 1 2 '" 2 .. ... . .. ... ... . . -., ... ... 5 ... ... 11 ... 11 ... . .. .., 25 ... 1 . .. 26 17

... 3 ... ... 3 .. 3 . -. . .. .. . 6 .. . 25 4 35 1 00. , .. .. ... . .. .. , . .. ... . , . . .. 4 . .. J9 ,.' 23 ... ... 2.,. ... 4 ... 4 . .. ... .. . 39 . .. 4, 3 46 1 ... 1 ... ... 2 . .. 2 ... ... . .. 4 I .. . 1 '" aI''' ... ... ... ... . .. 1 1 . .. ... . .. 4 . .. 9 1 ]4 ...

2 ... ... •• 0 2 ... 2 ... . .. ... 2 19 9 3 331 ... 1 ... . , .. 1 . .. J .. - . .. 1 ... 32 , .. ... 33 '0,

". ... ... .. . 1 . .. 1 .0' 1 ... ... . .. ... . .. 1 '0'

... 2 ... 2 J 3 ... . .. . .. ... 2 '0' 50 52 . ..

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2 6 .•. , .. 12 .. , 12 ... . .. ., . ... ". ... ... " . . .. -----------

34 .336 89 247 84 910161 13 19 3 1 6] 263 29 91 ---'------ I

13117 41. 3 63. 3[66 271102 -:-1309 ~IU2 84j 879!~

No. II.-Oongregations

ADH1!HtENTS

OHUnCHlllQ

.d ( Dindigul Ellst ; .••. t! J Do. Station •. ~ l -po: West •••••

Pa..aul •••••••.•••

13\101 3431 44-\1' 319t 3631 all0 9 7 366 24 380 404 •• ' 13

34 24 3tll 1331 l>!!9 422 136 130 30 24 209 1;;41 288 442 155 137

~l~~~;L: 27 11 1167 7li ;320 391 III !I '201 821 ~52 334 9 7\254 113 ,225 33!!

10 B 376 91 474 ;'65 5 3 312 37 305 542

.~ Kombai ......... . 12 12 267 471 255 ;102 10 7 210 9~I14S 247 Koteimedu ••••••

. K6vilapuram .... . 7 7 335 123' 382 noli

. Nilakottai. ...... . 17 6 ; 291 lOS 2M 359

1;1 Til:uman~al.am .. :~ 16, 424

~ ~ ~:~~~~~~~l.::::::, 11 3~ .!~~

103 299 267 130 165 I

Pasumalai........ 14 7 491

1l.;3 North Union .... 2,j 8 366 ::0 South Gate .••... 18 9 135 25

West Gate ...... 2 2 198 36

"\ ~~ni~~~o~t.~\ :: : : ~~ ~; ~!~~~~i~:~::::: : (]J Manclapasalai. • • . 23

Mundudaipu ... • • 11

17 555 10 469

5 191 5 90

12 452 8 ·16li 2 '137

14 342

201 60 95

131 132 24 31

12.9

332 497 105 252 360 88

129

604-370 202

81 342

75 142 340

435 796 372 382

~i~1 165

FLr5 430

.297 212

'474 99

173 469

39 67 21 19 4() 101 62 144 1 10

85 134 4 3l:!

72

1

118 30 44

48 30 82 104 68 10'; 8 10

•• 10 6 16

102 28R

90 42

169 197 100

59.

162 31;9 ~1 9J

284 18;j lq3 1119

106 40

141 206

11 21!l

43 1iiO

74

78 186 13:!

~~ 22

264 607 171 137 453 382 203 188

497 232 374 160 479 180 771 232

~~~i~~ 290 128 6!Jii 225 433 212

513 496 982 400 SOr, 2!16 400 221J 535 IS!! 135' 93 16;; 121·

224 128 207 297 168 203 117 269 210

182 405 Ii!) a.w 315

7-3 1l:J

1069 1037

468 34!) 927 481 376 657

415 441 41U 4011 176 176 124 128 ,WiI il7f> lsn l!l2 117 lilR 21;7 25li

l'r

329) ';"19\ 34 3!14 783 -16 419 1M91 58 425943' 104

408 864 287 575 346 'i33 61H' 1147 31;', 665 3S!) 788 2b;; bOO fI:l6 1030 302 724

326 601 170 262 397 104 129

76R 686 307 187 641 2/;6 258 486

1004 1406

645 827 !ltIl 270 363

i!~~ 6a9 4:-l9

!Sill 64. 513

99lJ

24 77

--31 -97

If> -6

-14

124-

IS 12. 240

-23 26 20 21

4li -9

3 23 25 34 54

-217

I

'," ~:::~~~i!i::::. :::: 'll

t Manamadura., •••• 42 42 257 ViS 229 387 366 285 591 978 3li9 3M) 521

~. Melur .•••••• ,.... 39 22 165 61 142 203 49 21 70 273 152 123 16;) ~ 'rirupuvILllam '.... 25 12 131 90 176 266 139 123 262 ;'28 172 ISS 299

Sethur .......... 26 26 68 96 105 201 146 114 260 461 152 135 242

1235 438 659 529

4 23

.-21 105

and, Benevolence, 192~ . ., ~", •... ,' -

~ ~,I- BAPTISMS' INDIAN CONTRIDtiTIONS II!

j DURING .... '0 ::1 'l;S t 6l, 0

'l;S C!l YEAR 1=", ~

0 GIl ,e -II i!' ~

OQ) 1! 0 oj ~ 0'" = I:l CIl 0 't:I ~ I:l.

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ce~ all 'e .0 ,"C! ~

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17\ 2 ;\ 311 101, 32 46 j- ~ 4 I 21 220 14:~ 401 32 726 1 :':96 822

22 6 453 156 Hi> 241' 1 20 961 97 1098 763 ]861 a3 21 11 547 154 41 8a 13 ·20 29 598 II 20 71 697 . ,408 1106 16 17 '5 520 109 56 73 14 17 29 868 .. .. 74 987 449 ]886

31 4 3 631 149 60 113 14 15 44 688 105 2.~ 59 877 218, 1095 II 5 6 400 95 ,38 ' 146 7 ,43 31 720 .. 'U 50 794 1:104 2098

21 11 252 121· 67 1.3 5 12 23 700 .. .. 18 718 60 768 35 48 21 500 137 49 97 7 8 21 650 30 ' ., 60 '740 .. 67 807 35 10 9 225 11>7 86 90 3 18 40 1654- 60 .. '80 1794 1150 1944 14 10 7 627 115 ,:l4 73 9 13 33 967 120 ,. 60 1147 316 1462 19 19 3 238 83 .. 83 65 6 2 8 650 .. 37 687 186 878

5 16 Iii 244 '63, 1l 66, 6 Ij 13 646 23 26 691 118 815 13 5 6 322 158 67 6a 6 64 74 048 120 18 38 724 270 99t

10 8 1 682 4110 148 2118 7 13 12 2344 .. 140 2484 1119 2643 24 30 16 1018 290 180 350 18 48 72 1300 30 . 20 26 '1376 'If/IS 2170

9 6 ., 364 160 33 41 8 48 14 680 50 .. 49 7711 12 aIH 20 22:' 'j 500 ' 210 ,298 93 fi 4 20 1450 50 25 ,10 1'691; 185 1780

7 8 9 607 153 .224 200 12 3 16 1300 50 .. UO 1100; 230 1130 10 '2 2 370 60 .38 28 1 fj 16 695 .. :696 443 1138 14 .,£ 3 130 95 90. 127 2 1 14 960 12 .. el! 1014 43 1057

43 16 16 107li 253 ISIL 338 14 32 45 2250 200 .. 106 Ii lIliM 1957 4512 114 Ia 12 Di'S 202 14, 156 16 .. 13 622 200 .', 10 832 86 1118 29 26 6 ,no 107 28 40 6 "', 770 .. .. 21 797 I06 1103

8 6 2 22(1 83 38 95 4 1 3 511 .. .. .. 571 26 /.196 28 12 12 621 201, , 78 136 12 Ii 18 917 600· .. .. 11177 103 1680 16 8 7 381 121 37 82 ii 2 6 740 .. .. 74!) 1"52 892 12 10 -4 202 87 40 36 2 12 19 100 .. [; 105

145 101i

:;1 4 Ile9 670 Iii 3 .56 108, 12 27 20 1185 .. .. .. 1185 1330

I

35 ,,7 102] 116 ii9 136 11 14 22 849 229 ., LIT 1095 4110 11146 4 3 2t!O 131 10 60 .. n 1 980 .. , . IS;) 1116 1033 2148

34 26 11 320 64 illJ 29 12 li 1 426 50 .. 25 501 Illl 652

lOl G .. 214 32 9 14 7 24 25 231 .. .. .. 281 84 315

. ~ . ~ :: ~~ :~ 8 15 4 4 3 1iO .. .'" •• 170 20 190

..:.:- --=.:.- -"-~ , • • • 68581 118581 -1---------- --------

G4Gi 421 22T'17H4 4607 2366 3715 272 466 733 ~83.J5 25]3 l7::! 1512 32652 19214 111766

16'181 ll45j2051136!lsj 4580 2346 13346 27,0 fS56 6l1:126197 2861 \ 212 -I---l--1621 130891 1si540 114431

No. III.-

' . .... ~-i3 toe COli MUN 1-~ ]1 t CANTS ,." J:l

8 8 :3 ::: j:I, :3 'il ~ ::I

~/ OHUltCHES '13 r.If PASTORS d ,.. :::

,g 0 ~

!!::o :e tl H ~Z <5 ~

' .... 0 ~~ :.0 ,

OS .... w ~ .III .Gl em Ii

:::

! 'E! Gl 0

S :§ ~I>-t <.> :::

.~ ~ & ~ 0 0 ~ J!"l ~ f:-j

.. t I DinOIB.l E ......... I I 1837 No Rev. N. :Qnanasigamoni "'" 1911 9 16G 177 343 1::. Do. ,Station •• 1838 Yes " Y. Meya.P~ll •••••• ; ••• illll 13 174 1921 366 z '. Do. West ...... 1892 No " ,G. Joseph ' ...... ;. .'. '.' 191:1 17

.86/ "" 3(;1

Palani ••••••••••• : ]864 No ,. R..A.. SOundara.raj ...... 1918 100 1091 209

:1 Andipatti •••••••••• 1859 No S. A. Devasa/W-yam .••. !913 U 184 1831 367 BBtlagundu •••••• 1892 Yes 1. D. ,Barnabas, •••••••. HI19 -4 113 ~81 201 BodinBikanur ...... 1856 Yes .. John Sundraraj ...... 11122 4 124 130 254, Kambam .......... 1850 No

" S. Isaac ..... : ........ 1872 ,6 157 219 376 KodaikanBl ••••••. 1859 Yes .. G. P.George ...... " ... 1914 2 158 154 312 KombBi •••••••••••• 1856 No S. NalJathamby •• ~ ... : •. 1883 1 131 136 !?Ili K$imedu •••••••• 1858 No A. Masilamoni •••..••. 1908 3 98 112 2lU Kovilapnram •••••• 1856 No .. R. C. Sl'lvanayagam .••• 1910 4 144 191 311,'; Nilakotai .......... 1868 No 4 147 144 2111

( P-asnmalai •••••••••• 18C8 Yes .. P. Addison Hull ..•.•••• 1905 .11. 374 491

:: eE Tirliruangalam •••••• 1839 No .. G. P. Vethanayagam •• 1896 240 184 424 ::s Usilaw.patti •••••• 1918 Ko

P. ARi~~tham ........ 90 DO 140

"0 .p{. East Gate .............. 1892 No 1899 ' 7 lR5 249. 427 oS 51 ., .... No~ Union ...... 1904 Yes Thangam Gabriel.~ .... 1904 4 120

"'/ ;166

4 Sputh Gate ........ 1895 Yes ., M. 8. Nallllothamby .... 18U5 2 72 63 135' West Gate ........ 1868 Yes James lkiwland ........ 1890 2 104 94 HI!!

~j A,rqppukottai ...... 1883 Yes Samuel Joseph ........ 11905 281 !li4 555 Kamuthi .......... 1889 Ye~ Y. J. Taylor .......... 18!l4 Hi 260 202 462 Karlsalkulam •••••• 1865 Y-e~ S. Gllanamnthu ........ 1911 98 911 191 Mallankinaru ••.••• 1855 Yes I) 511 39 90

S MandBpasalai ••.••• 1851 Yes R. Daniel .............. 19011 244 208 452 MJmdndai,pu •••••• 1894 Yes A. Gna nam nthu ........ 1894 8 113 73 166 .P~leohi .......... 1855 Yl'S 3 i4 63 ]lli

Sevalpatti •••••••••• 1855 Yes N. Mathew ............ 1922 6 184 ];;8 342

1daJULmadura. •••••• 1896 Yes '.P. Thomas ...... ;.~ .•. 1899 144 113 257

~~; Melur .. ~ ........... 1848 Yes M S. Tbirithuvathasoll 1896 80 85 Hi5 II! TirupnvAnBm •••.•• 1838 No Y. D. Samuel ......... 19]5 65 ' 66 1:>1

J!"l \: Sethul' ........ ; ... , 1911 No 38 30 68

~ Konganadu Mission .. .. I "/ " Total Pastors 27 Others ordained .:; -u~~ I Total for 1922 13~1:447 ,46!l5 914::

Tot~l for 1921 •• 1234771 4243 9014

ChU1'cnes~ 19212 .i {}

iDDI1%Els DURING YEAR

tussES DURING YEAR

By Profession .

9 e 7

11

21 ]

4 Ii

11 7 4 7

15

.~; :: 1!12~·.7 ~~1'2 ::/1 ~ '41 ~ ~~I}43 • • 5 12 13 1 2E II 1 10) 20 61 •• •• 11 (j " 16 10 ",' •• G 16 "

2 9 32 11 2 41\ 9 3 5 21 19 26 12 u 10 11 13 41 :l!l-Ifi l

:i 11 ~~ ~: '~ ~~u~ i~ ~~l ~~ 51 i~ -l~! . i 21 29 II 2 »4 21 .. 13, ~: !~ _]~III-!J

.. .. 4 11 " }.'i hi " 2 ~I 3~ -11;

'2 4 g ~ '4 l:i i2 :: 1~ "I ~i "\ 0; .... ~3

l~1 :11

;, ~: l~ 0; ;; g OJ '! ,;1 :: ii1t }5 Ii> 27 " 42 1;~ .. II 6 22 201

Hil " 21 ,.

'i! '2 ··1, ., 2- ., 2 .2

-5 36 6 4'> 26 60} 13°1: 92"~. ~{i47 40

2 ;;3 3 : : ~;, 25 : : ••

~ l~. i~ :: .~f.' 2~ :: : : i12~ - ~ J 29 35 2i •• 62 23 1 , , 6 - 30 32 .. Iii 14 " 20 21 .. 26 4. 51 -22 )

11 3 2 ., 5 il a 1 5 12 - 7

'iii i:i ~ 's 2~ .~ :: '3 ~I 1~ -1~ )41 4 4 '> 6"" 7' 11 8 - ~

iii I! .~ i~ 3~ • a :: 'i . 6 io 2~

343 I 366 361 209

367 2ul 2;j4 3;6 312 267 210 llllii Clli

491 "424

140 !127 sst: 135 ]!IS

555 462 JIll . !l0 452 166 137 l)!l2

5! !ill fI' 6R5

17 395 15 486

13 392 11 /)43

6 180 suo 180

• 9 425 lU :155 li lSi I:l 222

9 6IJS '16 1000

15U .8 40U lil 3BO HI 370 3 85

20. 8 ((

!lOt lil3 la/;

II 101 8 391 8 166 I .~o 8 Ii2

III 21

8 (;

12 10 14

Ii 1:)

25 21 5

20 21 13 3

ii/1M R 561

181428 14 042

1~1 ~~i iii 180' 01 286 51 220 8/&25 . 8 257 5 205 7 220

7 229 19, 500

3~ll~~g

1 42 liI5~~

47 23, 862

14 1 7112(i 8 I Ii lHO 5 8 123

n {~i ~~~ 2 1 50 R 8 217

" 4 .. 10 14 6 •• 2( 5 •• •• 4 9 11 l 257 14 216 18 14 324 .. .. .. 221 " 2'1 33 " .. 4 3.1--15 165 12 4CO 21 12 460

o~ i 0:1 : ;1 0: 1: :: :: O~ .' 11 .:r 131;i ~I'!~'~ '!:: " " "j" 21.. ~ .2 .. "I" .2 " .. ' 53 il 94 3 _ \;_4

______ -'------1--- __ -1----- __ Is 2931 25 16.21 480 340 47, 867 3461 111232 F.O 'j39 128 12819142 28110469 444 13621~

7at5617s:ms 338 --il~ ~123r253r-i« ~ ~ 302 9Ol4 m ll96T;4Il a08'~

'N o. IV.-Evangelistic,. ·Medical

- I ITINERACY WORK OF

BIBLE WPMEN

I~ I ~ I ID ~ 0:1 ,.Q Q) .~

..., lZ2

~ ....,

N AYE OF LOCAL . COUNCIL .~ 'fil rei ~ f 's .~ .-

0 112 '0 ·.R on Q) p. ~ ID ~ 0

~

~ 0 !<D :s

DEPARTMENcT :s ~ = ID 0 ~ t) ~ ~ :& ~ " I OS 0:1

tll § ~~ ~ ~2 Q) I=lh J.< Cpo lZ2 WI

Q) 1 J.< 112 ~Cpo J.<

'S 0 rei 0:1 co §"-'l ~ 0 co 11l ..... <0 !a <O~

1

'"' h c:! ~I I1lc:\l = ::s ~ ~~I p.

Q) ~O> rol=i Q)

Z ~ co

~ Q)1"'"I ~Q) ~ rLl ~

North Local Council ... ... 6 28 243 567 27,254 187 458 6,178 .

West "

... ... 19 93 710 .179 32,424 261 235 14,872

Central " ... ... 6 5~ 175 231 14,259 461 295 '7,:14(J

South 10 59 859 III 18,4.90 ... I . .. "

... ... ...

East "

... ... 2 8 8 34 1,061) 23~ 179 10,646

Konganadu Mission ... ... 4 20 240 90 1,800 13 '7 ...

Tr. & H. Schools, Pasumalai... ... ... .., . .. ... .., ... . .. Union Theol. Sem. Do. ... 4 26 336 121 22}369 ... ... .. .

~:'"

L. P. N. Bible School ... 3 11 374- 36 .. 6i:293 111 65 3,534 : l ' ,;

" . . .

B. W. Dep't, Aruppukottai. .. 3 ,24 ... 1~ ... 985 636 20,175

Do. Madura ... .. , .. . ... .. , ... 1,751 1,451 . 26,'62

Meu's Hospital, .¥adura ... ... ... ... . .. 6,000 . .. ... . .. Women's Hospital Do. ... '" ... ... ~ .," . .. ... ... 12,000

------ ---Total for 1922 ... 57 3252941) 1,382 129,954- 4,001 3,326 101,33~

65713078 -_.-

Total for 1921 ... 105 1,265 175,628 3,981 3,095 97,720

and Other Work,,1922

M'EDICALW ORK BOOK DISTRIBUTION

--- ~----~

j 1 i ;:.. 1

u: I i I

I or:: ?

:= 0 :5 S 0

~ r:n

I 0 res res :-- I-< CD ...

I ,.; -s; 0 .:::0 o~ .E

~ .-;::

I ..... 0 III

"'0 0 res ;: r:=:S res ~ Q) ~ c I

<;) ~ Q)

CD E .. ~ ::0 ~& !1J .Q) d

,~ CD :3 2 res ~ '..J CD C':l "'0 res Q)

!1J M +> Q) ~ 3 C':l Q) C) '0 ~ ;.. ~ I-< .. ...

!7l !7l 00 M Q) C':l -Pc:! +> a:! Eo; .. tt: 0

'""" ..... g 13' p.. !f § !7l 's.. g

I~ 0 00

I

~ 0

.£l as C)

~ I

Ol 0 o f:: ::: ] 00 t: ::a c

0 +> """ ;:5 ~ a ~ ~

c:!' Ol 0 ~

C)

I E 0

P; Z E-t E-t ~ E-t ~-+" ...:: E-t

··1 79

1

1,8S()1 .- ,I

, .. --. --. --. 71 15,762 208 84 202

--. --' .-- --, 96 73 1,5G8 17,082 201 132 333

... 0" ... .,. --. 44- 561 3661

3,220 20 13 33

, .. ... ... . .. ... 55 18 77ul 3,820 94 2 96

'''1 ... ... ... .. , 2 13

1,203

1

6,618

1 18 5 23

... --' --. --. --. ." --. 5U 500 '1 ... 1

2,170 3DI 90 205

I ... ... 1 2,170 168 23 123 3:28

... ... ... --. . .. 4 2 800, <l.,:!55 31 . .. S1

... 1

I I

15 --. --. --. --' 14 17 60; 262 32 47

... . -- .. . . . ... " . 24 sol 2,i621 1 ]015 1,016

... I ... ... ... ... -4 13 125 54~ 10 25 35

1 I 67S-- 19,3251 19,99~ 1 2 '40 3;000 4 ... -. 4 I

1 11340 1 12,421' :n,465 --' __ . 310 2,5001 ... --' < c"'~ --'

~1201a ",r;~

------I------60,4161 80~_

-------2 33,916 59,633 467 8:27 I 7,267 1,431 2,239 ------. I--- 62~-I~ 2 11960 2 14,7711 38,495 .a6::! 342 i ]1,900 81,4041 673

No. V.-EDUCATIONAL WORK, 1922. A.ELEMENTARYSOHOOLS

-Total IChristiani S f~Y I Boarder:::

:E.-Christian IX! a Scholars ..cl '0 c 0 ars p:j 0 0 Teachers Teachers ____

~ ----------- ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ..cl rJ1

IX! 0 ...... ,~ ...... NAME OF LOCAL COUNCITJ c6 I ..cl ~ "0 ~

E OR INSTITUTION. rIl IX! ..c:I I .~ Q) Q)

<:J 0 rIl IX! IX! IX! 00 "t:' ~ IX! IX! -rIl ~ JJ) ~ Q)

Q) "0 Q) J-I Q) J-I rIl rIl rIl rI.l te rIl i3 ~ ttl ~ 00 ~

"i=: .,... Q) 0 ~ ~ ...... I>. i:l ~

~ rIl rI.l rIl ~ 18 ~ ..c:I ctS

~ c6

~ 0 CB

0 CB

0 CE p ~ <:J ~ ~ f:Q r:q 8 r:n

Boardi~ Schools. I I I I I - I 724 1 4 4 28 63' 60 15,; 59 1441'" North Local ouncil ... 1 1 4 ..

27 94 30 80 2 1004-1 2 2 2 2 10 3 54 West " "

.. ,

3 4 3 4 20 7 1:26 35 1S8 32 144 '0' 575 Cpntral 1 ]723 " "

... 6 2 6 12 7 74 9" 186 98 180 ... 2 l; South 1

23 46 152 " " ...

3 1 3 :3 5 20 18 46 ... East 1 1 " "

... I ________ , _____ -- - ------>--if191 9 ~I~i~ 3371233 ~ 242 6001 __ 2~. Total for 1922 •• 0 5 -

]Cf17 10 171 601 62132112141 657 2611579, 9 5736 Total for 1921 5 I I I

Hindu Girls' Schools. 'I I r ~ North Local Council 5, 2

1

' 15 2 12 11 397 .•• ... 398

1

~ 9 ... West"" 4 1 5 1 5 ... 169.. ... ] 69 50 50 2 Central"" 1 1 2 1 2 ... 72...... 72 2 2 ... East" " .. 4 24i 159 2 5 6 14=3 149 b 51'" :16 H. G. Schools, Madura 4 I 4 19 2 43] 433 1401 12 ... 1.53 H. G. Schools, Aruppukottai. 2 211 9 2 9 24 232 ... 256 6

1

'" ...

Total for 1922 201 12 55 12 52 3314441 ... = 1477 791 84 2 189

Total for 1921 ... 231 151 59 15 57 5312·10 1 1 1604 105/111 3 156

Village Day Schools. -1-1------- -----------North Local Council 39 37 17 29 17 1662 123... ... 1785 64 195... 992 West"" 60 611 35 46 352429 271 2700 135 484 6 1674 Central "" 83 79 37 67 :3 7 2908 200 315~ 64 231 1351 South"" 50 37 32 31 321772 207 197P 105 530 85t East"" 23 21 11 19 11 742 40 782 23 96 1530 Konganadu 3 2 1 2 1 79 15 94 6 15 20 Model School, Pasumalai 1 7 2 7 2 150 35 78 263 32 133 815 Branch School, College 1 5, 1 5 1 168 4 172 4 53 1 2021 Rachanyapuram 1 ... \ 2 ~ 20 12 1 7 46 15 20

-1-------------- ________ _ Total for 1922 ... 25~11381 206 138j9936 967 79 7 10980 448i1757 7 I 9254

Total for 19 J1 ". ~ 19211371173 141;9048 8221100 '-:- 9940 473\17071-6 \ 11206

No. V·~E·DUCATIONAL WO'RK, 1922

NAME OF LOCAL COUNCIL OR INSTITUTION

. B.lIIGHER EDUCATION

'Total "Ichri:tiaril Day Teachers Tea.chers Scholars

.----1----

til til <D <D

til til til til

I;'

Christian Schol~rs ~

f-! P

,.q o ..d ~

.~

tll f-! til f-! til-o 0)' 23 C) (lj r"d

o ~ tJ tJ 11:: ~ ~ ~ r1.l: ta r1.l ~ 15

______________ ~~....:._-!....-~~_~_ ~ ~ ~ 1 @ ~ I $' ~ ~ ~ ~ -----

A .. M. College,Madur~';:-" .. \ 1 I 20 3' I 136 2' 290' 4"'81 -j 33 Hlgh Sch:Jol, Pasumalai .... 1 20 '2 20 . '2: 198· 16! 21j61 ... 4~0' 1~ ~~~i 5'9 12~~~ Training School, Pasumalai.. 1 12 '0' 13 ... 48 9 1101 W laO 12 1401 6 Capron Hall, Madura _ .; . 1 Li 25 5 25 28 229, . _. 1302 559 497 520~ 30 8756 Rachanyapuraln Bible School 1 ... ; 2 ... 2 ... . •. \ .. \ 14 14 14 14J... ...

". Industrial.... 2 4~ 5 4 5 ... ... 89: 89 8U 89 58 .oo U.T.SeIi:llnary,Pasumalai ... _l ___ 4i __ 1_4 __ 1_3:~ __ I .. ·: 47 16 47

1", ...

Total for 1922 ' .. ~!~6i~!i~ 3t HI, 27216661408 1797 6161262[ 153 54477

Tota~ for 1921 ... 81 921 291

65\ 301

12631 248i 334134~12187 562 980\154 66442

7 _

-----

Co SUl\Il\IARY OF A & B (showing total in each Local Councilor Institution.)

North Local Council West" " Central " " South" " East I, " Konganadu ... ...' A. M. College, Madura ... 1

Capron Hall School, l\ladura' Hindu Girls' Schools, 1\1 adura l

Pasumalai High and Tr. U. T. Sem., Pasumalai L. P. Noble Bible School Dep't of Women's work,

43 40, a6 32; B3 1667 j 548, 63 60/ 23!-1j 131 348 65 64 42 49

1

4! 2439 44:3 54 27 2903 2 J 5 620 85 83 48 71 43 2928' 3'39 126 35/ 8419 98 377 51 39 38 R3

1

38 178~1214 74 93 2165 208 715 28

1

24' 19 221 19 751 188 20, 18 977 56 154 31 2 11 2, 1 79 15 ... 9 6/ 15 2'\ 25 11 8 1 304 6' 290 '" 600 6 t67

4J 6! 25' 5' 25 2~ 229 .. .I 302 559 497 520

4! 191

4 191 2 431 ... 1 ... 43B 10 12 a 89 41 40, 4 300 60 454 3 923 60 611 1 4' I! 4: 1 31 16 ... \... 47 16 47 4 4 9

j 41 !II 20 121 Ii 110 149 118 123

... 1 1716 10 2678 ... / 1927 "" 2574 ... 1 1718

20 ] 35056

30 8756 153

~~ll~:~OO 58, ...

Al'uppukottai

Total for 192~

Total for 1921

•• I 2: 2 9' 2 9 241 '''\ ... •.• 258, 4 6.

.. : 29~: 336 _ 24~i 276, 244~04.912733iI0821648 14923114203715 164 68098

... ! 2771 309 242\ 269\2431

10486 2826\ 756\ 557 143511401 3383 172 83540

• Included in preceding" Teachers" column.

YAlE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

IIIIIIII~II~II~IIII~III 39002 106383012