South america
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Transcript of South america
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Unit 6 – South America
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Class Motto:
•Knowledge is Power!
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• Major Countries• - Brazil• - Venezuela• - Chile• - Colombia• - Argentina• - Bolivia• - Peru• - Ecuador• - Paraguay• - Uruguay
•
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• Bodies of Water• - Oceans• - Atlantic• - Pacific
Brazil – sunrise or sunset? What direction are you looking?
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• Sea• - Caribbean
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Caribbean sea on the coast of Venezuela – What direction are you looking?
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• Lakes• - Titicaca (Peru & Bolivia)• - Maracaibo (Venezuela)
Lake Maracaibo - Venezuela
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Lake Titicaca - Bolivia
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• Amazon River• •
Piranha
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• The Amazon holds the most water in the world.
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• 4,000 miles long
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Silt/Sediment• As deep as 300 feet
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Red-bellied Piranha
Pink Dolphin
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Fresh water (Amazon) meets salty water (Atlantic Ocean)
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• Amazon Basin
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•The Amazon River is fed by 1,100 tributaries
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• They occur twice a year during the fall and spring equinox when the tides are especially high. • Surfing the Amazon River – (the wave is called “Pororoca”) record surf time is 37
minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7a_2g6uTDb0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
- Tidal Bore – upstream river wave created by ocean tides.
What creates ocean tides?
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• Drake Passage
•• - Named after Sir Francis Drake (English pirate)
Strait of Magellan
Iceberg in the Drake Passage
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• Angel Falls• - Venezuela• - Highest
waterfall in the world (3,212 ft.)
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• Mountain Range• - Andes
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Torres del Paine (Andes) - Chile
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• Highest Mountain (Argentina)- Mt. Aconcagua (22,841 ft.)
- Highest in Western Hemisphere (higher than Mt. McKinley/Denali)
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• Region• - Patagonia (Chile and Argentina)
•
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Spanish explorer, Ferdinand Magellan, called the local Native Americans Patagons because he thought they were giants. At the time, the average height for the natives in that area was 5’11’’ and the Spanish was 5’1’’.
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• Islands / archipelagos• - Galapagos (Ecuador)
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• Falkland Islands (U.K.)• Islas Malvinas (espanol)
•
Stanley, Falkland Islands
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• Tierra del Fuego• - Argentina and Chile
Tierra del Fuego
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• Strait of Magellan
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• Cape Horn• - Chile
The Queen Mary, on her last voyage, sailing around Cape Horn. She was too big to go through the Panama Canal.
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Clipper Route – Southern Ocean (40’s lat. – took advantage of strong winds) The Panama and Suez Canals made the route obsolete.
Clipper ShipThanks goodness for the Panama Canal!!!
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• Atacama Desert (Chile)• - Driest desert in the world• - 0.04 inches of rainfall per
year
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Atacama Desert – location where 33 miners were trapped for 69 days 2,300 ft. below the surface.
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Answer these questions:• 1) Is the Amazon the 1st, 2nd or 3rd largest
rainforest in the world?• 2)What % of oxygen do you think the
Amazon provides for the world? 20 or 40%
• 3)Do you think the Amazon has over or under 5 million species of plants, animals and insects? Over/Under 5 Million
• 4)What % of the Amazon has become deforested? 20 or 40%
• 5)What is the biggest reason the forest is being destroyed? Ranching or City Development 42
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Questions Cont’d
• 6) Does it pay better to destroy the forest or sustain it? Pays better to destroy/sustain
• 7) Is Chico Mendes an environmentalist or a destroyer of the rainforest? Environmentalist/Destroyer
• 8) What adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere-cars in the U.S. or Deforestation? Cars/Deforestation 43
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• Amazon Rainforest
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• Amazon Rainforest Facts:• - Largest rainforest in the world (2.1
million sq. miles)
• - Provides 20% of earth’s oxygen•
•
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• 79 degrees average temperature
• 80 inches average yearly rainfall Salt Lake City averages 16 inches,
Utah 13
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• Trees grow to over 200 ft.
Hotel Monaco (SLC) 214 ft.
Walker Center (SLC) 220 ft.
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- 10 million species of plants, animals and insects
- 90% of plants/trees have not yet been studied for science.
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•Layers of the rainforest
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The rainforest canopy
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Bridges amidst the canopy
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Toucan – the iconic symbol of the Amazon
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Scarlet Macaw
Poison Dart Frogs
Brown Capuchin Monkey
Jararaca Pit Viper
Black Jaguar
Cotton-top Tamarin Monkey
Capybara -largest rodent in the world
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Pit Viper
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Anaconda
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Jaguar
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Red-eyed Tree Frog
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• Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest • (human modification)
good or bad?
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• How much has been destroyed?
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• About 20%Just think of all of the untapped resources/treasures (esp. medicines) that have already been lost/destroyed.
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• The burning/cutting has slowed down a little, however, it is still going on.
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• Why is the rainforest being cleared/destroyed?
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• The 3 main reasons rainforests are cleared are: 1. Ranching 2. Farming 3. Logging btw - the land/soil is not very arable.
http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/rain-forest-soil-poor-trees-cut/
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• Slash-and-burn agriculture– farming technique in which forest or other vegetation is cleared and burned to put nutrients (ashes) into the soil.
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• Destruction vs. Sustainability (maintain)
• - Which pays better?
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• Logging - $1,290 per acre (one-time profit)• Cattle pasture - $61 per acre per year
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• Sustainability!!!
• Sustainable forest products (food, medicine, rubber) - $2,762 per acre per year
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• Chico Mendes (Brazil)• - “Defender of the Rainforest” http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PXr1eC_bWFo
• - Informal education (self-taught)• - Rubber tapper • - Environmentalist & union leader• - Murdered/assassinated in 1988 @ age
44
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmaQ1a54_ak
http://library.thinkquest.org/27507/people.htm
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Check Your Answers• 1) Is the Amazon the 1st, 2nd or 3rd
largest rainforest in the world? #1• 2)What % of oxygen do you think the
Amazon provides for the world? 20%• 3)Do you think the Amazon has over
or under 5 million species of plants, animals and insects? Over
• 4)What % of the Amazon has become deforested? 20%
• 5)What is the biggest reason the forest is being destroyed? Ranching
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Cont’d• 6) Does it pay better to destroy the
forest or sustain it? Sustain• 7) Is Chico Mendes an
environmentalist or a destroyer of the rainforest? Environmentalist
• 8) What adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere-cars in the U.S. or Deforestation? Deforestation
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• Major Cities• - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Christ the Redeemer statue – Christo Redentor (130 ft. tall)
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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• Favela– Brazilian shantytown
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
http://vimeo.com/26743164Beginning to about 7:30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgT1D623U9I
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Favela (shantytown) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Soccer in the favela
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Police presence in the favela
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Rio de Janeiro - favela art
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Number of favelas in select Brazilian cities
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• Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sao Paulo Cathedral
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Sao Paulo, Brazil
nice juxtaposition
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Law School @ the Univ. of Sao Paulo
Japanese section in Sao Paulo
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Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sao Paulo, Brazil
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• - Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Buenos Aires, Argentina
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• - Santiago, Chile
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Santiago, Chile
What mountain range is this? Also, what direction are you looking?
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• La Paz, Bolivia• - Capital city with highest altitude/elevation
in the world• (10,000 to 13,500 ft. above sea level)
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La Paz - Mt. Illimani (21,000 ft.)
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La Paz, Bolivia
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Witches market in La Paz, Bolivia
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La Paz, Bolivia
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• Cuzco, Peru - Capital of the Ancient Inca Empire
![Page 119: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
• Ancient Structure• - Machu Picchu – Peru (Andes Mts.)• - Built by the Inca’s in the 15th
century A.D.
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Cuzco, Peru
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Cuzco, Peru
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Cuzco, Peru
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• - Lima, Peru
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Lima, Peru
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shantytown in Lima, Peru
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Lima, Peru – which ocean?
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• - Quito, Ecuador
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Quito, Ecuador
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Quito, Ecuador
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Quito, Ecuador
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Quito, Ecuador – you are looking east, is it a sunrise or sunset?
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• - Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia
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Bogota, Colombia – you are looking west, is it a sunrise or sunset?
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• - Caracas, Venezuela
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Caracas, Venezuela
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Catholic Cathedral in Caracas, Venezuela
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Market in Caracas, Venezuela
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Caracas, Venezuela
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Caracas, Venezuela
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KIP
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• Religion• - Christianity • - Catholic
Catholic Cathedral in Quito, Ecuador
Brazil has the most Catholics in the world @ about 164 million.
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Saint Teresa de los Andes - Chile
Catholic Cathedral in Maracaibo, Venezuela
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• Major Languages• - Spanish• - Portuguese - Brazil• - Indigenous (Native)
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The darker shades of blue denote a high concentration of Spanish speakers.
Spanish Language Worldwide
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• Sports• - Soccer
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• - “Hand of God” goal – 1986 World Cup
• - Diego Maradona
• - Argentina v. England (U.K.) - 4 years after Falkland War• - Estadio Azteca – Mexico City• - Argentina won 2 - 1
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Argentina defeated West Germany 3 -2 to win the World Cup
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• - Andres Escobar’s infamous own goal – 1994 World Cup
•• - Colombia vs. USA• - Rose Bowl – Pasadena, CA• - USA won 2 – 1• - Escobar was murdered July 2nd, 1994
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFjke_ahBYY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHzixowbbYU
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• - Best soccer player ever? This is arguable (subjective)
Rio Tinto Stadium – Sandy, UT
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- Pele (Brazil)
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• - Baseball (Venezuela)
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Caracas, Venezuela
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• - Basketball• - Argentina (2004 Olympic Gold Medal Winners v. USA)
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• - TennisGuillermo Vilas – ArgentinaUS, French and Australian Open Champion
Gabriela Sabatini – ArgentinaUS Open Champion
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• - Bullfighting
Lima, Peru
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Bullfighting Stadium in Bogota, Colombia
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• Dance• - Tango (Argentina)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnUJjSfwOcA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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• - Samba (Brazil)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH5IrP1HpYM&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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• - Cumbia (Colombia)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nzXMKByUnk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uG5B9nBN57c
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• Beauty Pageants – Venezuela• - Winners of six Miss Universe
contests• (2nd only to the U.S.)Dayana Mendoza - 2008
Stefania Fernandez - 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBYzvA6m-rA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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• Significant Political Figures• - Simon Bolivar – Venezuela (1783 –
1830)• - Known as “El Liberator” & “The George Washington of South
America”
London,
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• - Bolivar helped to liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from Spanish rule. Bolivar died at age 47 of tuberculosis
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• Eva Duarte Peron – “Evita”- 1st Lady of Argentina & socialist -Obtained women’s suffrage in
Argentina-Built foundation that gave charitablecontributions to the poor (backed by
gov’t).
- Considered a saint in Argentina because of her work for women’s rights and charitable contributions for the poor. Wife of Juan Peron
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- Eva & Juan Peron
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OniIQSH66jw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
- Evita died at the age of 33 in 1952 of cancer.
About a million people crowded the streets of Buenos Aires for her funeral procession and about three million filed past her casket to pay their last respects.
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- Ernesto “Che” Guevara – Argentina (1928 – - Communist revolutionary
& guerilla fighter from Argentina
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- Che staged a successful coup d’etat with Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1959.
Fidel, Che & others overthrew the gov’t of Fulgencio Batista (the US was a staunch ally of Batista).
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as armed civilians or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military
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rf
“AT THE RISK OF SEEMING RIDICULOUS, LET ME SAY THAT THE TRUE REVOLUTIONARY IS GUIDED BY A GREAT FEELING OF LOVE”
CHE GUEVARA (1928-1967)
Overtime, Che was ostracized by Fidel Castro and the Cuban gov’t elite. He, eventually, left Cuba to start other revolutions elsewhere. What eventually happened to Che?
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- Assassinated in 1967 by the U.S. CIA trained Bolivian military.
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• Salvador Allende (socialist) – democratically elected president of Chile. The U.S. did not like him.
He wanted to nationalize Chilean industry which the United States was not very happy about. As a result, what was the response of the US?
![Page 183: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
• The United States staged a successful coup d’etat in 1973. Who took Allende’s place?
The Chilean military, with the support of the US, conducted the coup / operation.
![Page 184: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
He killed many people in Chile. The new gov’t in Chile would be considered a regime because it was authoritarian.
• Brutal dictator, Augusto Pinochetreplaced Allende
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• Hugo Chavez – President of Venezuela (‘99 – ’13)
- Socialist
The U.S. did not like him either. An unsuccessful coup (with US support) to get rid of Chavez was conducted in 2002.
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People loved him in the Middle East
Some people liked him.
![Page 187: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Anti-Chavez Protest
Some people didn’t.
Bush had much hatred/animosity toward Chavez.
Text
He died March 5, 2013
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• FARC - Colombia Revolutionary Armed Forces
• - Communist revolutionary guerrilla organization
• - Represents the poor against the wealthy class (elite).
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Terrorists or revolutionaries? You decide.
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30% of FARC are women – you don’t want to mess with these girls.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1lOxKksKD0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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- Protests against FARC
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Richest countries in South America:1. Argentina2. Chile3. Uruguay
Argentine home near Cordoba
A nice home in Chile
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Buenos Aires, Argentina homeA woman waiting for
the subway in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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A beautiful home in Uruguay
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Poorest countries in South America:1. Bolivia2. Paraguay3. EcuadorAppreciate what you have and develop empathy for those who are less fortunate!
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As mentioned previously, subsistence farming is something that is quite common in economically disadvantaged countries.
subsistence farmers in Ecuador
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• Natural Resources (renewable)- Wind
Wind Turbines in Uruguay
![Page 198: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
• - Trees/Lumber
![Page 199: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
• - Gold (Peru)• - Copper (Chile)
Inca gold
![Page 200: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
• Natural Resources (non-renewable)• - Oil
![Page 201: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
What country has the most oil reserves in the world?
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- World Oil Reserves (2012 data)
• #1. Venezuela• 2. Saudi Arabia
• 3. Canada• 4. Iraq• 5. Iran• 6. Kuwait• 7. U.A.E.
•
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• - Salt (Peru)
Cuzco, Peru
![Page 205: South america](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110309/55846018d8b42ad1588b46da/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
• Major Exports• - Petroleum/oil (Venezuela)•
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• - Natural rubber (Brazil)
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• - Cocoa (Bolivia)
Bolivian cocoa
- Brazil Nuts (Brazil)
Cocoa
Cocoa
Where does all the cocoa end up?
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Right here!!!
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• - Bananas (Ecuador)
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• - Coffee - ColombiaNatural coffee beans
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• - Cut Flowers (Colombia & Ecuador)
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Economics!!! Is this production, distribution or consumption?
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggbKf4Hmes4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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• - Beef (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay)
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MMMM . . . South American Beef
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• World’s Most Dangerous Road• - North Yungas Road “Road of Death” – Bolivia• - 3,000 ft. cliffs• - More than 100 travelers die per year
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• Tallest Building in South America• - Gran Torre Santiago (984 ft.)• - Santiago, Chile
still unfinished
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• Largest Country (area)• - Brazil
Brasilia – Capital of Brazil
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KIP
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• Largest City (population – metro.)• - Sao Paulo, Brazil (7th largest in the world)
• - 18.9 million
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Sao Paulo, Brazil
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South America at night
distribution or density?