Specific Data sources used for the scenario: Water Supply Network Sewerage Network .
Sources of Water Supply and Water Quality
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Transcript of Sources of Water Supply and Water Quality
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Sources of Water Supply
& Water QualityDWCL CE526 AY15-162S Lecture 3
Russela Louise V. Barcenas-Alvarado, CE
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Distribution of Earths Water
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Hydrologic Cycle
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Stream flow
Direct runoff
GW exfiltration
Precipitation
Abstractions
Evaporation Infiltration
Interception
Trapping
Surface Water Hydrology
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Water Table (unconfined) Aquifer
Springs
Perched Water Table
Artesian (Confined) Aquifer
Groundwater Hydrology
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Groundwater Aquifers
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Water Quality
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Physical
Chemical
Microbiological
Radiological
Drinking Water Quality Categories
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Turbidity Presence of suspended material
Turbidity Unit (TU) or Nephlometric Turbidity Unit (NTU)
Colour Caused by dissolved organic material
Colour produced by 1 mg of Pt in a litre of water
Taste andOdour
Caused by foreign matter such as organic compounds,inorganic salts or dissolved gases
Temperature GW and SW from mountainous areas are generally cool
Most palatable: 10-15 (N. America), 4.4-10(India)
Physical Characteristics
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Total Solids and Suspended SolidsPH Value
Hardness
Chloride
Chemical Characteristics
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NitrogenMetals
Dissolved Gases
Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Characteristics
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The examination of water for the presence of bacteria is
important for the water supply engineer from the viewpointof public health. The bacteria may be harmless to mankindor harmful to mankind. The former category is known asnon-pathogenic bacteria and the later category is known aspathogenic bacteria.
The selective medium that promote the growth of particularbacteria and inbuilt the growth of other organisms is used inthe lab to detect the presence of the required bacteria,usually coliform bacteria.
Microbiological Characteristics
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PlantCountTest
Total number of bacteria presents in an ml of water is counted
Drinking water should not have more than 10 coliforms/100ml
M.P.N.Test
MOST PROBABLE NUMBER (MPN) of B-coli per 100ml of water
as referred to the standard statistical tables (Maccardys)
For drinking water, the M.P.N. should not be more than 2
Microbiological Characteristics
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The development and use of atomic energy and the mining
of radioactive materials, as well as naturally occurringradioactive materials, have made it necessary to establishlimiting concentrations for the intake into the body ofradioactive substances, including drinking water.
Water with high radioactivity is not normal and is confinedin great degree to areas where nuclear industries aresituated.
Radiological Characteristics
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Philippine National Standardsfor Drinking Water 2007
PNSDW 2007
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ConstituentMax Level (mg/L) orCharacteristic
Method of Analysis
Taste No objectionable taste Sensory Evaluation Technique
Odour No objectionable odour Sensory Evaluation Technique
Colour ApparentTrue
10 colour units5 colour units
Visual ComparisonColorimetric
Turbidity 5 NTU Turbidimetry
Aluminium 0.2 FAAS, EAAS, ICP, Colorimetry
Chloride 250.0 Argentometric Method, IC
Copper 1.0FAAS, EAAS, ICP, NeocuproineMethod, Bathocuproine Method
Hardness 300 as CaCO3 FAAS, EAAS, ICP, Colorimetry
Standard Values for Physical & ChemicalQuality for Acceptability Aspects
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ConstituentMax Level (mg/L) orCharacteristic
Method of Analysis
Iron 1.0Phenanthroline, AAS, ICP, ColorimetricMethod
Manganese 0.4 Persulfate Method, AAS, ICP/MS
pH 6.5 8.5 Electrometric method
Sodium 200 AAS (Flame absorption mode) ,ICP/MS, Flame Photometry
Sulphate 250Turbidimetric Method, IonChromatography, Gravimetric Method
TDS 500 Gravimetric, dried at 180oC
Zinc 5.0 FAAS, ICP, ICP/MS
Standard Values for Physical & ChemicalQuality for Acceptability Aspects