SOURCES OF SOCIAL EXPERIENCEAgents of Socialization

Family Key institution orientation to the cultureLocus Affection ProtectionSocialization

Locus placement in society Meaning of each w/in cultural context Source of cultural capital Way one sees the world and place in it Factors/locatorsSES Kohn RaceEthnicity Genderreligion

ProtectionPhysicalEmotional

SocializationOrientation Learn norms & valuesLanguages and symbolstools and LensMaterial cultureDevelopment of the SELF

Affection SpecialnessLove unconditional you are special and unique - irreplaceableBrofenbrennerSupport Decisions Growth Successesfailures

School benefit to societyGracey Kgartern = bootcamp NOT SPECIALFormal Skills and Knowledge replacement partsSort & SelectWhat opportunities are open Social interaction new peeps & encountersIntellectual growth new ideasPersonal development new experiencesCultural transmission values,history, normsSocial control hidden curriculum

Peer Groups continues through lifeKey focus time = Autonomy sense of independence Belongingness sense of worth & acceptance earnedKnowledge and conformity necessary for membershippeer pressure

Mass Media Cultural transmission reinforces valuesMeaning social reality is createdSES,race,ethnicity,gender,religion,ageMaterialism- stuff we should wantVicarious living/entertainmentInformation/interpretation of key eventsCan create change/can reflect status quo

Public OpinionIdeas on major issuesReflects the culture at a given time Indicates areas of culture strain and change

Shaping ideasGender socialization ideas, messages about being male or female in specific groups SES differing values, goals, normsRacial socialization ideas, messages about race/ethnicity in specific groupsPersonal & group identity Intergroup and interpersonal relationshipsPosition within the social structure/hierarchy

GenderSocially and culturally constructed differences between males and femalesFound in the meanings, beliefs & practices associated w/ FemininityMasculinity

Gender is a human invention, like language, kinship, religion, and technology; like them, gender organizes human social life in culturally patterned ways. Gender organizes social relations in everyday life as well as in the major social structures, such as social class and the hierarchies of bureaucratic organizations. Lorber

Gender RolesAttitudes and activities that society defines as appropriate for each sexLearned through the socialization process

Gender Identity Persons perception of him or herself as female or maleEvaluation Body consciousness

Gendered belief systemsAll ideas regarding masculine and feminine attributes held to be valid by the society Reinforces ideas of appropriate behaviors, choices, norms, etc.

Gendered institution Embedded ideas of gender images, language, ideas Divides power, resources, tasks, rewards

Equity Different is merely different not one better than the other Social perceptionsMeta analysis

GENDER AS MASTER STATUSSOCIALLY DEFINED AND CONSTRUCTEDGender Socialization

Social Construct of RealityTo be a woman means to inhabit from early infancy to the last day of life, a psychological world which differs from the world of a man. Mirra Komarovsky

We occupy intersecting, but different realities.

Role of culture DP---DE----DT----DBDifferential perceptionsDifferential expectationsDifferential treatmentDifferential behaviorsGender-appropriate behavior is learned through the socialization process

Self Concept: A Social Construction-develops and changes throughout lifeTotal of all our beliefs and feelings about ourselves Foundation of our communication w/otherPhysical self Active self Social self Psychological self

Self Concept: Two PartsSelf identityWho am I?Define through relationship to othersSelf esteemWhat am I worth?Interpretation of messages we receive about ourselves from others

Factors that contribute to the shaping of SELF

Developmental ist v. InteractionistDevelopmentalistStage theoristsbiological emphasis maturation processIndividual = passiveChildhood emphasisInteractionistNo fixed stagesSocial experience & interaction basis socially defined Individual = active; uniquenessContinuous process-life long feedback loop