NON – CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

IntroductionTypes of

Conventional Energy

Geothermal Energy

Energy Conservation

Conclusion

INTRODUCTIONThe energy of a body is its capacity to do work. It is measured the totalamount of work that the body can do. Energy is the primary and most universal measure of all kinds work byhuman beings and nature.

Some of these sources are:(a) Wind energy(b) Tidal energy(c) Solar energy

The sources of energy which are being produced continuously innature and are in exhaustible are called renewable sources of energy (or)non-conventional energy.

TYPES OF NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

Geothermal Energy

Wind Energy

Tidal Energy

Solar Energy

Geothermal Energy Geo for earth, therme for heat.

Energy that comes from the ground; power extracted from heat stored in the earth.

It determines the temperature of a matter.

Geothermal energy is generated in the earth's core, about 4,000 miles below the surface.

Geothermal energy can sometimes find its way to the surface in the form of:

• Volcanoes

• Hot springs

• Geysers

Space Heating

Air Conditioning

Hot Water Bath & Pools

Industrial Processes

Green Houses

Aquaculture

Melting Snow

USES OF GEOTHERMA

L ENERGY

ADVANTAGESPollution free = No greenhouse effect

No fuel is needed

The power stations do not take up much room

Once a geothermal power station is built, energy is

almost free

Easy to operate; open up economy

DISADVANTAGESNot enough places to built geothermal power station

Geothermal sites can also run out of steam for decades

It costs a lot of money to build a geothermal power station

Emitted noxious gases and minerals can be difficult to dispose safely

Pollutants cause global warming and acid rain and land stability is also affected

WORKING

Geothermal Energy Power

Plant

Binary Cycle Power Pant

Dry Stream Power Plant

Flash Stream Power Plant

When the water flows from the earth make its way down close to the hot rock (lava), it turns the water into steam. The hot water can reach to over 148ºC. This is how it works in a geothermal power plan. Steam rotates a turbine and it activates a generator and produce electricity.

Dry Steam Power Plant

Binary Cycle Power Plant

Flash Steam Power Plant

INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal Energy is generated since 1913 and is identified in 90 countries.

It uses the scale of hundreds of MW for both electrically generated and direct use.

MW refers to megawatt thermal. A unit of electrical power equal to 1000 kilowatts.

GWh refers to gigawatt hour thermal. A unit of heat energy for non-electrical uses equal to 1000 megawatt hours.

Africa America Asia Europe Oceania0

4000

8000

12000

16000

ElectricityDirect Use

Installed CapacityMW

136 190

8988

5044

13628

441 418

Africa America Asia Europe Oceania0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

ElectricityDirect Use

Total ProductionGWh

2791 2793

42913

18903 17352

26794

1088 763

12119

5745

3941 3290 1124

ENERGY CONSERVATION

• Energy Conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption.

• It can be achieved through increased efficient energy use.

• An energy conservation act was also passes in 2001.

BENEFITS

Increased financial capital

IncreasedEnviron-mentalQuality

Increased national

and personal security

Fewer power plants

needed

Less air pollution

Less global warming &

land destruction

WAYS OF CONSERVING ENERGY

Turn off the

lights when not in use

Install ceiling fans in

all possible location

s

Use toaster oven or microwave for all kinds of small meals

Buy energy

star applianc

es wherever possible

Defrost freezers

and fridge, and get rid of

the old ones

Switch your

energy use to non peak times

DEVELOPED NATIONS

In the western countries, most of the power utilities have adopted the energy conservation programs supported by their governments.

For Example: The provincial government of Ontario’s state observed that their summer peak demand has increased due to increased air conditioning. In order to handle this situation their provincial government committed to reduce energy demand in their province by 5%.

STEPS TAKEN UP BY OTHER COUNTRIES

• CFL Promotion• Real time monitoring• Power factor correction free of cost• Technology demonstration• Communication/ Education programs• Research and plannings

CONCLUSIONThis study of Non Conventional Sources Of Energy is valuable as it will meet the energy Needs in future, as conventional sources of Energy is going to exhaust in future and these sources of energy are also harming the environment directly or indirectly. Energy conservation has saved the need for many power plants and fuel imports. Regulations on efficiency work, but voluntary efforts lag far behind.

“The kind of thinking that has got us into this

situation is not the kind of thinking

that will get us out “

-Albert Einstein