Sources and Consequences of Minnesota's Air Pollution · Other Air Pollution Concerns . 6 • Air...
Transcript of Sources and Consequences of Minnesota's Air Pollution · Other Air Pollution Concerns . 6 • Air...
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Sources and Consequences of Minnesota’s Air Pollution
Mary Jean Fenske, MPCA Air PolicySupervisor October 2013
Key Messages
• Standards becoming more stringent as we learn of health effects at lower concentrations
• Urban air is of particular concern
• Main sources are combustion & non-point
• Our ability to do anything about it is limited using our existing regulatory structure
• We need to work differently – engage new partners, and leverage current relationships
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Air Pollution in Minnesota
• Consequences of air pollution
• Health & Environmental
• Economic
• Trends and sources of air pollution
• Actions
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Particulates and Ozone: Pyramid of Overall Health Risks
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Death
Respiratory/ cardiovascular
hosp admissions Asthma emergency
room visits
Acute respiratory symptoms
Asthma attacks, medication use
Work loss days, school absences
Examples of Localized Risks
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Residential Wood Smoke
Near Roadway
Other Air Pollution Concerns
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• Air Alerts • Visibility
• Deposition • Other Environmental
Concerns
Air Quality Standards
• EPA uses its Clean Air Act authority to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
• NAAQS set for six pollutants
• Carbon monoxide, lead, NOX, SO2, ozone and particulate matter (PM2.5)
• NAAQS reviewed for health protection - on five year schedule
• Attainment refers to meeting the standards
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Trends in Key Pollutants
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50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Perc
ent o
f fed
eral
sta
ndar
d
O3 8-HR PM2.5 Annual PM2.5 24-HR Standard
Ozone Compared to Standard
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67 62
55
61
50
67
59 64
60 63 62 61
64 62 63
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ozo
ne C
once
ntra
tion
(ppb
)
2010-2012 Standard
Daily PM2.5 Compared to Standard
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25 23
17
25 25 25 24 25
28 27
15
0
10
20
30
40
Fine
Par
ticle
Con
cent
ratio
n (µ
g/m
3)
2008-2010 2009-2011 2010-2012 Standard
Annual PM2.5 Compared to Standard
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9 8.5
5.5
9 9 8.6 8.5 8.8 9.7
9.1
5.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Fine
Par
ticle
Con
cent
ratio
n (µ
g/m
3)
2008-2010 2009-2011 2010-2012 Standard
AQI and Air Quality Alert Days in the Twin Cities
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Consequences of Nonattainment
• More permitting requirements, more monitoring and modeling, State Implementation Plan
• More red tape
• Adverse health impacts (ozone, PM)
• Economic consequences – up to $240 million/yr
Health Impacts of Current Pollution in Minnesota: Premature Mortality
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3800
61 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
PM2.5 Ozone
Inci
dent
s
Annual Premature Mortality Estimates in Minnesota
PM2.5 $34
billion
Ozone $450
million
Annual Economic Value of Premature Mortality
Current Pollution in Minnesota: Nonfatal Health Impacts
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$170 million
$96 million
$39 million
$17 million $10 million $11.5 million
$22 million
$8.7 million
$12 million
$57,000 $-
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
Nonfatal Heart Attacks
Acute Respiratory Symptoms
Work Loss Days
Cardiovascular Hosp
Admissions
Respiratory Hosp
Admissions
School Loss Days
Other Health Impacts
Total Annual Value ≈ $400 million
PM2.5 Ozone
Where Do Fine Particles Come From?
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Point Source Pollutants have seen Significant Declines
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VOC Emission Trends
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Emis
sion
s (t
ons)
Point Area Onroad mobile Non-road equpiment
NOx Emission Trends
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Emis
sons
(ton
s)
Point Area Onroad mobile Non-road equpiment
Statewide Residential Wood Burned
Statewide Residential Wood Burned
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Residential Wood in the Metro
Actions
• Clean Air Dialogue
• Stakeholder process to clarify the challenge and recommend actions
• Clean Air Minnesota v. 2.0
• Reactivate this public private partnership to reduce air emissions
• PM and Ozone Advance
• Join EPA program to credit early actions to avoid nonattainment
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Clean Air Dialogue Recommendations
• Reduce Particulate levels by 20%
• Reduce Ozone levels by 10%
• Avoid nonattainment
• Provide margin of safety
• Reduce health impacts
• Target reductions in most impacted communities
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Public Private Partnership Commitments to date
• $1,380,000 – MPCA Budget
• $1,000,000 - Flint Hills Resources
• City of Minneapolis
• Just getting started
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Summary & Challenges • Standards more stringent & harder to meet
–Focus: NOx, VOCs and direct PM2.5 emission reductions
• Voluntary reduction efforts –avoid high costs of nonattainment
–reap health benefits of cleaner air now
• We’ll continue to reduce permitted smokestack emissions
• Need to work differently to address small sources
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