Source Water Protection Program September 2019
Transcript of Source Water Protection Program September 2019
Source Water Protection Program
September 2019
Reading Area Water Authority
Source Water Protection Program
Prepared for: Reading Area Water Authority
1801 Kutztown Road
Reading, PA 19604
September 2019
Prepared by: Spotts, Stevens and McCoy
Engineering and Environmental Services
_____________________________
Lyn O’Hare, Water Resources Specialist
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Reading Area Water Authority
PWSID# 3060059
Berks County, PA
Source Water Protection Plan Update
Table of Contents
Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 15 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 25
1.1 Project History and Objectives ............................................................................ 25
1.2 The Importance of Source Water Protection ....................................................... 26
1.3 Overview of Source Water Protection Regulations ............................................. 27
1.4 Description of Study Area .................................................................................... 28
1.5 Previous Studies ................................................................................................... 29
1.6 Overview of Water System ................................................................................... 33
2.0 Source Water Protection and Public Participation ............................................... 35 2.1 Development of Steering Committee and Partner Organizations ........................ 35
2.2 Public Education and Participation in the Community ........................................ 35
3.0 Delineation of Protection Areas: Surface Water Sources ..................................... 39 3.1 Description of the Surface Water Sources ........................................................... 39
3.2 Methodology for Delineating Surface Water Intake Protection Areas ................ 39
3.3 Description of the Surface Water Intake Protection Areas .................................. 40
4.0 Contaminant Source Inventory ............................................................................... 43 4.1 Priority Concerns of the Water System ............................................................... 44
4.2 PSOC Identification and Evaluation: Non-Point Sources ................................... 44
4.3 PSOC Identification and Evaluation: Point Sources ............................................ 46
4.4 Continued Maintenance of the PSOC Database .................................................. 49
4.5 Land Use Assessment within Protection Areas .................................................... 49
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5.0 Contingency Planning ............................................................................................... 51 5.1 Types of Contamination Events ........................................................................... 51
5.2 Emergency Response Planning ............................................................................. 51
6.0 Protection of Water Supply Sources ....................................................................... 53 7.0 Source Water Protection Management Plan .......................................................... 55
7.1 Current Source Water Protection Efforts ............................................................. 55
7.2 Ongoing and Future Management Strategies Selected by the Water System ....... 57
8.0 Implementing and Sustaining the Source Water Protection Program ................ 63 8.1 Maintenance of Source Water Protection Program .............................................. 63
8.2 Short- and Long-Term Implementation Goals ..................................................... 63
8.3 Annual Reporting ................................................................................................. 63
9.0 References .................................................................................................................. 65
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List of Tables
Source Water Protection Case Studies ......................................................................... Table 1-1
Potential Sources of Contamination Inventory - August 2019 .................................... Table 4-1
Land Use Summary for Protection Areas .................................................................... Table 4-2
Source Water Protection Management Strategies ........................................................ Table 7-1
Source Water Protection Implementation Plan ............................................................ Table 8-1
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List of Figures
Maiden Creek Watershed and Subbasins .................................................................... Figure 1-1
Source Water Protection Areas - 2007 ....................................................................... Figure 3-1
Source Water Protection Areas - 2017 ....................................................................... Figure 3-2
Maiden Creek Watershed Monitoring Points - Map A ............................................... Figure 7-1
Maiden Creek Watershed Monitoring Points - Map B ............................................... Figure 7-2
Bailey's Creek Nutrient Tracking ............................................................................... Figure 7-3
Maiden Creek Nutrient Tracking ................................................................................ Figure 7-4
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List of Appendices
Executive Summary Reports of Surface Source Time-of-Travel ............................ Appendix A
Public Education Materials ...................................................................................... Appendix B
DEP Annual Program Update Form ........................................................................ Appendix C
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Glossary of Water Terms
Aquifer – a natural underground layer of sand, gravel, or rock that contains water.
Aquifer Recharge - Recharge is the rate at which precipitation infiltrates in the ground to supply water
to groundwater wells or springs.
Community Water System – a public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by
year-round residents, or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.
Contaminant – A physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water.
Delineate – to mark the outline of a groundwater or surface water study area.
Emergency Response Plan – a preparedness plan developed by a water system to form consistent
procedures to provide safe and adequate drinking water in an emergency situation. The reference
outlining the requirements is found in 025 PA Code §109.707.
Geology – The study of the Earth, and the Earth’s materials and processes.
Groundwater – water that is located within the saturated zone below the water table and is available
to supply wells and springs.
Point Source Pollution – pollutants that come from a single exit point, like a pipe.
Management Strategies – approaches or options selected by the water supplier and the Steering
Committee to protect the sources of drinking water currently and in the future.
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New Source – a source of water supply that is not covered by a valid permit or as a regular source of
supply for the public water system.
Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollution – pollutants that are contained in water runoff from construction,
roads, agriculture, or residential areas.
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) – a regulated stormwater management program
required by municipalities with urbanized areas.
Source Water – the place from which water originates or is derived, including from wells, springs,
reservoirs, streams, ponds, or lakes.
Source Water Assessments – an evaluation documented in writing of the potential contamination of
a drinking water source, which includes identifying the contributing area to the source, an inventory of
potential contaminants, and a determination of the susceptibility of the water source to contamination,
as described in 025 PA Code §109.705.
Source Water Protection Area – a surface water intake protection area, a wellhead protection area, or
both.
Source Water Protection Program – a surface water intake protection program, a wellhead protection
program, or both, as described in 025 PA Code §109.713.
Study Area – the land regions that may impact the drinking water source.
Surface Water – water open to the atmosphere to subject to surface or stormwater runoff. This does
not include finished water intended for distribution.
Surface Water Protection Area – the surface and subsurface area surrounding a surface water intake
supplying a public water system, through which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward
and reach the water source. The protection areas consist of up to three (3) zones:
Zone A – a ¼ mile wide area inland from the edge of a water or surface water body and from
an area ¼ mile downstream of the intake to a 5-hour time-of-travel upstream.
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Zone B – a 2-mile wide area inland from the edge of a waterway or surface water body and
extending upstream to the 25-hour time-of-travel.
Zone C – for drainage basins greater than 100 square miles, the remainder of the upstream
basin. Zone B and Zone C (if present) comprise the contributing area for the source.
Surface Water Intake Protection Program – a comprehensive program designed to protect each
surface water source used by a public water system.
Time-of-Travel – the amount of time water will take to move from the upstream end of a stream
segment to a downstream specific location by calculating average stream flow data.
Topography – graphic display of the Earth’s surface including the elevation, and position of natural
and man-made features.
Watershed – the land area from which water eventually drains to a body of water or other specific
location.
Wellhead Protection Area – the surface and subsurface area surrounding a groundwater well,
wellfield, spring, or infiltration gallery that supplies a public water system, through which contaminants
are reasonably likely to move toward and reach the water source. The wellhead protection area must
consist of up to three (3) zones:
Zone I – the protective area immediately surrounding the well, spring, or infiltration gallery
with a radius between 100 and 400 feet, depending on site-specific source and aquifer
characteristics.
Zone II – the zone encompassing the portion of an aquifer where water is diverted to a well,
or flows to a spring, or infiltration gallery.
Zone III – as hydrogeologic conditions warrant, the zone beyond Zone II that provides
groundwater recharge to Zone I and Zone II. Zones II and III, if present, comprise the
contributing area for the water source.
Wellhead Protection Program - a comprehensive program designed to protect each well, spring, or
infiltration gallery source used by a public water system.
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Acronyms
ARA Aquifer Recharge Area
AST Aboveground Storage Tank
BMP Best Management Practice
CWA Clean Water Act
DCNR Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERP Emergency Response Plan
GIS Geographic Information System
GMS Groundwater Modeling System
MGD Million Gallons per Day
MODFLOW Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model
MODPATH Particle Tracking Post-Processing System
MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
NCLD National Land Cover Dataset
NPS Non-Point Source
PAGWIS Pennsylvania Ground Water Information System
PENNDOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
P.G. Professional Geologist
PS Point-Source
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PSOC Potential Source of Contamination
PWSID Public Water System Identification Number
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SSM Spotts, Stevens and McCoy
SWAP Source Water Assessment and Protection program
SWP Source Water Protection
SWPTAP Source Water Protection Technical Assistance Program
TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load
TOT Time-of-Travel
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USGS United States Geological Survey
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Reading Area Water Authority
Berks County, PA
Source Water Protection Plan Update
Executive Summary
Clean, safe drinking water is often taken for granted. Many people have no idea where their water
comes from, how it is purified, or how it arrives at their sink. Protecting the raw water supply has been
increasingly recognized as a critical element in the overall mission of delivering a safe and reliable
supply of drinking water to consumers. Comprehensive source water protection not only benefits the
water supply, but ultimately the economic, social, and environmental well-being of a community.
Project Background
The Reading Area Water Authority (RAWA, PWSID# 3060069) provides drinking water to
approximately 125,000 people in Berks County, southcentral Pennsylvania. The first public supply of
water delivered in Reading was introduced in 1821 by the Reading Water Company. The Maidencreek
Filter Plant was constructed in 1935, and can treat a capacity of 40 million gallons of water per day
from Lake Ontelaunee, the primary water source. The Reading Area Water Authority was established
in 1994.
RAWA wishes to preserve and improve the safety of its drinking water supply for its customers today
and into the future., and is concerned about the possibility of contamination from agricultural activities
around the watershed, which can trigger algae blooms in low-flow conditions. In 2004, RAWA applied
for assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Source Water
Protection grant program to develop a thorough and comprehensive source water protection plan. In
2007, DEP approved RAWA’s source water protection plan for implementation.
The objective of this project is to update the 2007 source water protection plan, with new delineations
for the RAWA water sources, educate the public on the importance of source water protection, plan for
potential pollution events, and maintain compliance with DEP’s Chapter 109 regulations.
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Description of Study Area
Lake Ontelaunee is a 1,082-acre man-made lake with a storage capacity of approximately 3.88 billion
gallons of water, and is designated for protection of Warm Water Fishes (WWF). Surface water enters
the lake primarily from Maiden Creek, and another tributary, the Saucony Creek. Numerous other
streams are present in the watershed, including several small tributaries that flow directly into the lake.
Water discharged from Lake Ontelaunee flows over the dam at Route 61, through the lower Maiden
Creek, and into the Schuylkill River, which joins the Delaware River to eventually empty into the
Atlantic Ocean. Portions of property around the Lake are available to the public for recreational
activities including biking, walking, fishing, and hunting.
Overall, the Maiden Creek Watershed covers approximately
216 square miles, and includes sections of 24 municipalities
in Berks and Lehigh counties.
The watershed is comprised of three different sections of
two physiographic provinces, which produce a variety of
landforms and soils within a relatively small area. The southern slope of Blue Mountain is in the
Appalachian Mountain section of the Ridge and Valley Province. The southern boundary of the
watershed, including the north face of Irish Mountain and Sand Hill, lies within the Reading Prong
Section of the New England Province. Elevations range from approximately 1,675 feet above sea level
along Blue Mountain to 260 feet at the mouth of Maiden Creek.
Farmland and forest dominate the watershed; however, it also includes rural, low-density, and high-
density residential areas. Two major highway corridors, Interstate 78 and Pennsylvania Route 222,
traverse the watershed and include some commercial and industrial development.
Previous Studies
This study builds upon previous work completed for the Reading Area Water Authority. The original
watershed assessment was conducted in 1998 for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
which found that potential contaminants to Lake Ontelaunee included bacterial contamination from
humans and animals, sediment, and algae growth. Additional concerns were potential pollution from
nutrients and pesticides flowing into local waterways from nearby agricultural operations, and point-
source discharges from upstream industrial and commercial facilities.
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Based on a study completed in 1994, Lake Ontelaunee was placed on the 1996 303(d) list of impaired
waterways, describing Lake Ontelaunee as impaired for nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) and
sediment. This placed a priority on the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
document, approved by EPA Region III staff in 2004. The TMDL calls for significant reductions in
phosphorus and sediment in cropland and pasture, urbanized areas, and septic systems.
These assessments prompted RAWA to develop and implement a comprehensive source water
protection plan, through a grant program offered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection. In 2004, RAWA began a formalized plan that included a rigorous delineation of the water
flowing to their intake, an inventory of Potential Sources of Contamination, specific management
strategies to reduce potential contamination of their sources, contingency planning, and new source
review. The plan was approved for implementation by the DEP in 2007.
In 2016, RAWA revised their potential contaminants inventory and time-of-travel study through an
updated computer model that assessed overland flow from each potential contaminant location to the
downstream receiving stream, flow through Lake Ontelaunee to the primary intake at the dam, and in-
stream flow from the Maiden Creek headwaters to the Lake Ontelaunee confluence and secondary
intake.
The time-of-travel study completed in 2016 provided the basis
for the 2019 update. For this project, SSM staff created
overland flow pathways between each new PSOC and the
existing stream network, using ArcGIS software and
topographical contours. High flow velocity was used for the
stream network, since in most cases, potential contaminants
would not reach the stream except during a rain event. Once
velocities were applied to each segment in the network, time-
of-travel could be calculated. Adjustments were then made to
account for Lake Ontelaunee lag time, as was done in the 2016
study.
Many other studies have been conducted within the Maiden Creek Watershed by local agencies and
organizations. Early reports focused on the current state of the watershed and evaluated options for
stormwater and water resources management. In 2005, the Schuylkill Action Network obtained EPA
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grant funding to establish Best Management Practices (BMPs) on farms with small waterways in the
watershed, and conduct pre- and post-project water quality monitoring. In 2014, the Delaware River
Watershed Initiative provided additional funding to concentrate on specific areas of improvement,
based on impairments to the Maiden Creek and other tributaries that need assistance to reduce nutrients
and sediment flowing to the Schuylkill River.
The Lower Maiden Watershed Implementation Plan was developed in 2017, and submitted for DEP
and EPA review. This plan focuses on the Moselem Creek and three tributaries that are impacted by
agricultural activities within the watershed.
In 2018, the Berks County Conservation District completed
the Maiden Creek Watershed Water Quality Report. This
study was conducted with the purpose of providing a
snapshot of the long-term water quality trends within the
watershed, and help prioritize restorative best management
practices in selected focus areas of the Middle Schuylkill.
RAWA provided their watershed monitoring results
database as part of this initiative. The study recommended
that Lake Ontelaunee be closely monitored to determine how it processes potential increases in
sediment and nutrient runoff.
The USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service’s National Water Quality Initiative (NWQI)
invests in targeted assistance to farmers in selected watersheds to improve the water quality in high-
priority streams. In 2019, the Maiden Creek Watershed was selected for a pilot study area, with
meetings and projects to improve water quality to be prioritized through partnerships with local
organizations. A comprehensive Watershed Assessment was developed by NRCS staff and submitted
for evaluation for project selection. RAWA provided much of the water quality information for this
document.
Description of Water System
The Reading Area Water Authority directly provides drinking water to approximately 87,000 people in
Reading, Pennsylvania and several surrounding communities, and can serve up to 125,000 people
through interconnections with other water systems. The primary water source is Lake Ontelaunee in
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the Maiden Creek Watershed, located northeast of the City of Reading in Berks County. A supplemental
intake is located downstream of the Ontelaunee Dam, in the Maiden Creek.
The Maidencreek Filter Plant is permitted to withdraw up to 35 million gallons of water per day from
Lake Ontelaunee. The plant utilizes conventional treatment systems, including disinfection, filtration,
and other controls. The treated water from the filter plant flows by gravity to two 10-million gallon
water storage basins, then to the Maidencreek Pumping Station for distribution to customers. RAWA
has several one-way interconnections with neighboring water systems where RAWA can provide water,
but not receive it, as well as two-way interconnections, where either system can provide or receive
water.
RAWA has also purchased over 2,000 acres within the watershed to help keep it in a natural state, and
staff plants approximately 1,000 trees each year on city property around the lake to reduce additional
siltation.
Public Education and Partnerships
The Reading Area Water Authority’s vision includes a team approach
to Source Water Protection through partnerships with watershed
stakeholders. RAWA staff serves on the Berks County Source Water
Protection Committee, and offers collaboration on projects within the
Maiden Creek Watershed. This committee will also serve as a partner
in RAWA’s continued participation in endeavors for improving Lake
Ontelaunee and the entire watershed.
RAWA also provides notification to people driving within the protection areas that they are traveling
in a water supply area. In 2009, RAWA staff and other partners installed water supply signs both on
state highways and local roadways. These signs are an education tool to alert drivers to notify
emergency responders if they witness an accident or spill that may impact a nearby waterway.
In addition to these coordinated efforts, RAWA conducts much of its own public education in the
community. RAWA operates a dedicated website, with a Source Water Protection webpage.
Information on the 1998 watershed assessment, the RAWA program, and brochures on various topics
are available for review and downloading at http://www.readingareawater.com/source-water/ .
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Partnering with the Berks County Conservation District
(BCCD), RAWA stenciled several hundred stormdrains
within the City of Reading, its primary area of service.
These stencils alert residents that the stormdrains lead
directly to a river.
In 2015, RAWA partnered with the Borough of Hamburg
and the Hamburg Municipal Authority to install signage in the Furnace Creek Watershed, a tributary to
the Maiden Creek. The Furnace Creek Watershed contains portions of the Appalachian Trail, which
receives hundreds of hikers and other recreational visitors to the area. The signs provide information
on the watershed, and warnings on tampering with a water supply.
Source Water Protection Areas
The water quality in a lake, creek, reservoir, or other
surface body is affected by the quality of all the water
flowing into it and all the land upstream of it. Therefore,
the entire drainage area upstream of a surface water
source is considered part of a source water protection
area. The areas described below were calculated using
the average-flow results from the 2016 time-of-travel
(TOT) study.
Zone A is the most protective area, and is the area within 0.25 miles on either side of a stream. Along
the contributing streams, Zone A extends between an upstream point that represents, on average, a 5-
hour TOT to the intake and a downstream point that is 0.25 miles below the intake. Zone A for Lake
Ontelaunee covers 6.29 square miles in Ontelaunee, Maidencreek, and Perry Townships.
Zone B of a surface water source encompasses the drainage area extending upstream from Zone A to
a 25-hour TOT along the contributing streams. Zone B for the Lake extends an additional 104.2 square
miles, and covers portions of 14 municipalities in Berks County and one township in Lehigh County.
Zone C is typically the remainder of the watershed, or the drainage area contributing to streams greater
than a 25-hour TOT. Zone C for the Lake intake encompasses another 81.85 square miles in 14
municipalities in Berks and Lehigh Counties.
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Potential Sources of Contamination (PSOCs)
After the protection areas were delineated, publicly-available data was used to identify potential sources
of contamination (PSOCs) within the areas. Both point sources and non-point sources were identified.
Example of non-point sources, where contamination occurs over a widespread area, include stormwater
runoff from agricultural fields, residential development, and commercial and industrial properties.
Point sources, where contamination originates from a single discharge point, can include industrial or
commercial facilities, permitted pipe discharges, and cleanup sites.
One of the primary non-point concerns for RAWA is nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates) from upstream
farming operations flowing within the watershed, especially from properties along the Moselem Creek.
Legacy sediments flowing down the creek as well as spills and releases from accidents on Interstate-78
can also cause contamination problems. Other non-point concerns include the goose population on the
lake, and potential contamination from failing on-lot septic systems may also potentially impact water
quality.
In the 2016 time-of-travel study, a table of current PSOCs was prepared by searching publicly-available
environmental databases for regulated locations, as identified by a permit or an enforcement action.
The PSOCs found through these database searches are point sources; non-point sources typically are
not regulated. 157 sites were listed, and included examples of water pollution control and water
resource discharges, storage tank sites, environmental cleanup areas, and biosolids application sites.
The 2019 TOT study also updated the evaluation of the
PSOCs within the RAWA delineated protection areas.
Twenty-four publically-available databases were assessed
and compared with results from the 2007 and 2016
inventories. After consolidation of multiple results for a
single facility, 274 point-source PSOCs were identified.
Contingency Planning
In the event of an emergency that could impact the water supply, immediate action is often critical in
preventing or minimizing contamination. RAWA maintains a comprehensive emergency plan as
required by Section § 109.707(a) Department’s Safe Drinking Water Regulations. The Emergency
Response Plan (ERP) will help provide safe and adequate drinking water under emergency conditions.
Possible emergency situations include a distribution system line break, power outages, drought
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conditions, disinfection system failure, contamination of supply, source pump failure, and prolonged
water outage. RAWA also maintains a notification system with the Berks County Department of
Emergency Services. Staff is notified via a message system when there is a spill or accident that may
impact waterways within the county.
Protection of Water Supply Sources
While the Maiden Creek intake is permitted as a supplemental source, it may not completely replace
demand from Lake Ontelaunee. The second intake is also downstream of the Lake intake, and therefore
draws from the same water source. Any contamination event that would close the Lake intake may
also impact the Maiden Creek intake. RAWA maintains interconnections with other nearby water
systems that can help offset demand in case of emergency. In the event of a source failure, the water
system will work with the DEP for a feasibility study and permitting of new sources of water supply.
Current Source Water Protection and Selected Management Strategies
In addition to the public education and outreach described earlier, RAWA has been an outstanding
model for voluntary watershed protection efforts in the
community. Many activities are a direct result of the
implementation strategies described in the 2007 Source Water
Protection Plan, a selected few are described below:
RAWA is a Charter Member of Berks County Water & Sewer
Association (BCWSA), which was formed in 2013; staff
participates on the Source Water Protection and Education Committees.
RAWA has committed to extensive voluntary water quality sampling across the watershed, including
financially supporting the USGS stream gauge at the confluence of the Saucony Creek and Maiden
Creek, chemical and macroinvertebrate monitoring at numerous sampling sites across the watershed,
and ongoing monitoring collaboration with the Schuylkill Action Network, the Delaware River
Watershed Initiative, the Philadelphia Water Department, and the Natural Resources Conservation
Service.
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In order to reduce wildlife and fowl concentrations at the Lake, RAWA has contracted the U.S.
Department of Agriculture to implement a goose management program to minimize pathogens effects
in Lake Ontelaunee.
In 2013, RAWA received the 2013 Exemplary Source Water
Protection Award for Large Systems from the American Water
Works Association, recognizing the development and
implementation of a strong and active source water protection
program.
RAWA has also provided cost-share assistance for other organizations in both Berks and Lehigh
counties to pursue watershed improvements through on-the-ground agricultural best management
practices (BMPs), including conservation planning, tree plantings with Olivet clubs and school
students, and participation in the US Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Enhancement
Program.
Implementing and Sustaining the Source Water Protection Program
The Reading Area Water Authority management and staff recognize that the sustainability of this
source water protection program is the only way to ensure successful improvements to the watersheds
over time. RAWA realizes that communication with an intricate network of employees and partners
will be required for the ongoing success of the program. A 5-year implementation plan for protecting
its water supply has been developed, with each management strategy assigned a person/organization
responsible for completing the activity, a timeframe or deadline to be accomplished, and possible
financial and human resources needed to achieve the objective.
These activities and timeframes are voluntary, and any
instances of missing intended goals do not have any
consequence to RAWA or its staff. The management
strategies outlined in this program will be reviewed,
evaluated, and prioritized according to RAWA’s need to
optimize its water system. New strategies may be added to
the implementation list, and other options may be
discontinued or suspended as human and financial
resources are allocated.
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project History and Objectives
Clean, safe drinking water is often taken for granted. Many people have no idea where their water
comes from, how it is purified, or how it arrives at their faucet. Protecting drinking water supplies has
been increasingly recognized as a critical element in the overall mission of delivering a safe and reliable
supply of drinking water to consumers. Comprehensive source water protection not only benefits the
water supply, but ultimately the economic, social, and environmental well-being of a community.
The Reading Area Water Authority (RAWA, PWSID# 3060059) provides drinking water to
approximately 125,000 people in Berks County, southcentral Pennsylvania. The first public supply of
water delivered in Reading was introduced in 1821 by the Reading Water Company. At the time, the
water works consisted of the Hampden Springs and wooden pipes in the streets for distributing the
water. By 1865, the City of Reading had purchased the water company, which had grown into several
spring sources and a larger distribution system. The Maidencreek Filter Plant was constructed in 1935,
and can treat a capacity of 40 million gallons of water per day from Lake Ontelaunee, the primary water
source. The Authority was established in 1994, with a governing body of seven Board members. [1]
RAWA wishes to preserve and improve the safety of its drinking water supply for its customers today
and into the future. Although RAWA has had no serious problems with Lake Ontelaunee or Maiden
Creek, it is concerned about the possibility of contamination from agricultural activities around the
watershed, which can trigger algae blooms in low-flow conditions. In 2004, RAWA applied for
assistance from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Source Water
Protection grant program to develop a thorough and comprehensive source water protection plan. In
2007, DEP approved the source water protection plan for implementation.
The objective of this project is to update the 2007 source water protection plan with new protection
areas for the RAWA water sources, discuss potential sources of contamination, educate the public on
the importance of source water protection, plan for potential pollution events, and maintain compliance
with DEP’s new Chapter 109 regulations (see Section 1.3).
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1.2 The Importance of Source Water Protection
Developing a source water protection plan has numerous benefits. Some benefits are financial – for
example, the reduced cost of water treatment. Other benefits are less tangible, including:
Reduced risk to human health
Protection of a valuable resource for current and future generations
Increased consumer confidence in water suppliers
Support of healthy ecosystems, recreation and other beneficial uses
Increased knowledge of the importance of protecting your public water supply sources
Developing methods and management strategies to mitigate any potential sources of
contamination
Identifying and developing priorities to protect drinking water sources
The economic benefit of protecting a water supply
from contamination can be significant, as reducing
or preventing pollution from reaching the water
source can save the water system from additional
treatment cost. An EPA project that studied several
communities in the nation found that over time, the
cost of reacting to a contamination event far
exceeds the cost of developing and implementing a
source water protection plan. This study found that
cleanup costs could be as much as 30-40 times
more expensive than prevention. [2]
Scattered throughout this report are additional case
studies that provide greater detail regarding how
source water supplies can be contaminated and the
impact the contamination can have on a
community. These case studies are included to
reinforce the need to remain vigilant in protecting
drinking water for all Pennsylvanians.
Source Water Protection
Case Study
Adams County, Pennsylvania
Water Restrictions from Plant Fire, 2015
In June 2015, 3.8 million gallons of water
used to extinguish a fire at a chemical plant
flowed into a neighboring creek, a tributary
of the South Branch Conewago Creek. This
contamination posed a significant threat to
the New Oxford Municipal Authority, who
used the creek as their source of drinking
water. After learning of the incident,
NOMA closed the intake to prevent any
contamination of their treatment and
distribution systems. NOMA utilized an
interconnection with another water system,
bulk water tankers, and shipments of
finished water from nearby systems in order
to provide service to their customers. A
mandatory conservation notice was issued
for the service area to ensure sufficient
water was available. After extensive water
quality testing and communication with PA
DEP staff, NOMA is back online. [23]
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1.3 Overview of Source Water Protection Regulations
In 1974, Congress developed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) to protect human health by
ensuring clean drinking water was provided by public water systems. As the SDWA matured, States
were required in 1986 to develop Wellhead Protection (WHP) Programs to protect public water systems
using ground water sources from contamination that would adversely affect human health. The
Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water regulations (25 Pa. Code § 109) were updated in 1994 to include
some basic aspects of WHP which established three-tiered WHP areas, required ownership/control of
the innermost WHP Area (Zone I) and set minimum elements for systems seeking DEP approval of
their local WHP program.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognized the success of WHP efforts in identifying
potential contaminant threats and minimizing risk to wells and springs through proper management of
the contributing area, and the WHP concept was subsequently expanded to all sources used by public
water systems in 1996 when the SDWA was reauthorized. States were now required to develop a
Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program to assess all drinking water sources -
surface water and ground water - serving public water systems for their susceptibility to pollution. The
source water assessment serves as the skeletal framework for building a voluntary, community-based
drinking water source protection program to prevent costly contamination of public drinking water
sources. Most of these assessments for sources in existence at the time were completed by DEP or a
contractor around 2003 and provided a general evaluation of the protection area for an existing water
source. Efforts since then have focused on using the assessments as a basis for developing local source
water protection (SWP) programs for community water systems. Source water assessments for
unassessed sources are conducted as needed.
In August 2018, the PA Safe Drinking Water regulations were updated to incorporate source water
assessments and expand protection efforts to all sources used by community water systems. As part of
this update, DEP defined source water assessment, updated definitions of SWP Areas for surface-water
and ground-water sources, revised permit application requirements to include a source water
assessment of each new raw water source, and updated requirements for systems with an approved local
SWP program. The update also includes a requirement to conduct an annual inspection of the SWP
Area to identify and evaluate actual and probable sources of contamination, along with updating the
source water assessment if needed. [3]
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Community water systems may opt to voluntarily develop a comprehensive, community-oriented SWP
program for DEP approval. At the very least, approval by DEP allows better tracking to facilitate
environmental program coordination, legitimizes a community-based effort and provides an
opportunity for formal recognition and positive publicity. In order for DEP to approve a local SWP
program, the plan must include the following elements: [4]
Formation of a steering committee representing, but not limited to, the water supplier, local
government entities, water supply customers, farming and business community representatives
(as applicable).
Encouragement of public participation through informational and educational activities.
A map of the delineation of areas to be protected, using approved DEP methods.
An assessment, including inventory of potential and existing sources of contamination to each
permitted water source.
Development of a management plan to protect the water supply from potential contamination
as part of a strategic long-term program, including potential adoption of municipal ordinances
or transfer of development rights inside the protection areas, purchase of the source water
protection area by the water system, public education, and other methods approved by DEP.
Preparation of a contingency plan for emergency response and alternate sources.
Provisions to protect sites identified for development of new water sources.
Provisions to review and update the program annually.
1.4 Description of Study Area
Lake Ontelaunee is a 1,082-acre man-made lake created in the 1920s, and has a storage capacity of
approximately 3.1 billion gallons of water. The Lake has been designated by the DEP for protection of
Warm Water Fishes (WWF). Surface water flows into the lake primarily from Maiden Creek and
another tributary, the Saucony Creek. Numerous other streams contribute to the watershed, including
several small tributaries that flow directly into the lake. Water discharged from Lake Ontelaunee flows
over the dam at Route 61, through the lower Maiden Creek and into the Schuylkill River, which joins
the Delaware River to eventually empty into the Atlantic Ocean. Portions of the property surrounding
the Lake is available to the public for recreational activities including biking, walking, fishing, and
hunting. Because the lake is a public water supply, lake access is limited to non-contact, non-boating
activities. [5]
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Overall, the Maiden Creek Watershed covers approximately 216 square miles, and includes portions of
24 municipalities in Berks and Lehigh counties. The watershed is divided into 13 major subbasins, one
for each of the ten major named tributaries and three for the main stem of Maiden/Ontelaunee Creek.
[5] The subbasins are displayed in Figure 1-1.
The watershed contains two different types of geographical provinces, which produce a variety of
landforms and soils within a relatively small area. The southern slope of Blue Mountain is in the
Appalachian Mountain section of the Ridge and Valley Province. The southern boundary of the
watershed, including the north face of Irish Mountain and Sand Hill, lies within the Reading Prong
section of the New England Province. This section comprises 93 percent of the watershed by area, and
includes Schochary Ridge in the northeastern quadrant of the watershed. Elevations range from
approximately 1,675 feet above sea level along Blue Mountain to 260 feet at the mouth of Maiden
Creek. [5]
Farmland and forest dominate the watershed; however, the watershed also includes rural and low-
density residential land, as well as the Boroughs of Kutztown, Fleetwood, Lyons, and Lenhartsville in
Berks County, and extends into some areas of Lehigh County. Two major highway corridors, Interstate
78 and Pennsylvania Route 222, traverse the watershed and include some commercial and industrial
development. [5]
1.5 Previous Studies
This study builds upon previous work completed for the Reading Area Water Authority. Their original
watershed assessment was conducted in 1998 for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
which found that potential contaminants to Lake Ontelaunee included bacterial contamination from
humans and animals, sediment, and algae growth. Additional concerns were potential pollution from
nutrients and pesticides flowing into local waterways from nearby agricultural operations, and point-
source discharges from upstream industrial and commercial facilities. The assessment concluded with
recommendations for protection of the water supply, including:
Forming a local watershed coalition.
Financing watershed improvement efforts by area agencies and coalitions
Conducting long-term water quality monitoring
Providing public education
A copy of the 1998 assessment is available on RAWA’s website. [6]
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Based on a study completed in 1994, Lake Ontelaunee was placed on the 1996 303(d) list of impaired
waterways by the DEP, describing Lake Ontelaunee as impaired for nutrients (phosphorus and nitrates)
and sediment. This placed a priority on the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load document,
approved by EPA Region III staff in 2004. Phosphorus levels necessitated a reduction strategy to limit
this nutrient from entering the Lake and encouraging algal blooms. The TMDL calls for significant
reductions in phosphorus: 95% for cropland, 75% for pasture and hay areas, 85% in MS4 urbanized
areas, and 97% for septic systems. Reductions to sediment contributors like cropland, unpaved roads
and quarries were also highlighted. By managing sediment loading to the TMDL requirement, the
lifespan of the Lake would be more than doubled. [7]
These assessments prompted RAWA to develop and implement a comprehensive Source Water
Protection Plan, through a grant program offered by the PA Department of Environmental Protection.
In 2004, RAWA began a series of steering committee meetings to develop a formalized plan that
included DEP-required elements such as rigorous delineation methodology, an inventory of Potential
Sources of Contamination, specific management strategies, contingency planning, and new source
review. Some management options selected by the steering committee included dredging the upper
neck of Lake Ontelaunee to remove built-up sediment; partnerships with other environmental agencies
such as the Berks County Conservation District, the Berks Conservancy, and the Maiden Creek
Watershed Association; developing a water quality database; and providing funding for watershed
improvement projects. [5] The plan was approved by the DEP in 2007. The Executive Summary for
this plan is available in Appendix A.
In 2016, RAWA contracted a revision of their time-of-travel (TOT) study and current potential
contaminants inventory through an updated computer model that assessed overland flow from each
potential contaminant location to the downstream receiving stream, flow through Lake Ontelaunee to
the primary intake at the dam, and in-stream flow from the Maiden Creek headwaters to the Lake
Ontelaunee confluence and secondary intake. Recommendations for long-term management included
updating the rankings of the susceptibility analysis of priority potential sources of contamination,
mapping locations of historic spills and releases, and updating the source water protection plan and
ongoing management options. [8] The Executive Summary for this study is available in Appendix A.
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Many other studies have been conducted within the Maiden Creek Watershed by local agencies and
organizations. Early reports focused on the current state of the watershed and evaluated options for
stormwater and water resources management. By 2005, the Maiden Creek Watershed became a target
area for project work, as the main tributary to the Schuylkill River. The Schuylkill Action Network
obtained EPA grant funding to establish Best Management Practices (BMPs) on farms with small
waterways in the watershed, and conduct pre- and post-project water quality monitoring. [9] Local
agencies and organizations such as the Berks
Conservancy (now Berks Nature), the Berks
County Conservation District, and the Maiden
Creek Watershed Association have continued
ongoing water quality monitoring to sustain the
success of BMP implementation projects.
In 2014, the William Penn Foundation created the
Delaware River Watershed Initiative, which
established eight sub-watershed “clusters” of focus
areas to concentrate on specific areas of
improvement, based on impairments to the water.
The Middle Schuylkill cluster encompasses the
Maiden Creek and other tributaries that need
assistance to reduce nutrients and sediment flowing
to the Schuylkill River. The initiative uses local
conservation organizations to work with farmers
for on-the-ground Best Management Practices that
reduce or eliminate pollutants from flowing into
waterways. [10]
The Lower Maiden Creek Watershed Implementation Plan (WIP), developed by the Partnership for the
Delaware Estuary and Stroud Water Research Center, focuses on a portion of the Maiden Creek
Watershed, upstream of Lake Ontelaunee. The focus area consists of four subwatersheds: the Moselem
Creek, and three unnamed tributaries. The decision to concentrate on this section was due to its
proximity to the Lake, and the impairments contributed from agricultural activities. The primary goal
of the Watershed Implementation Plan is to reduce the phosphorus, nitrogen, sediment, and bacteria-
West Virginia
Chemical Spill in Elk River, 2014
In January 2014, industrial chemicals were
released into the Elk River in Charleston,
WV from a leaking aboveground storage
tank with inadequate secondary
containment. The chemicals reached the
drinking water intake of the West Virginia
American Water Kanawha Valley
Treatment Plant, which ultimately resulted
in a Do-Not-Use order that affected
approximately 300,000 people in portions of
nine counties.
Shortly thereafter, the West Virginia
Legislature passed SB 373 requiring all
water systems in the state with a surface
water intake, or groundwater under the
influence of surface water, to update or
develop a new source water protection plan
by July 1, 2016. Additional regulations were
passed to establish standards and
enforcement for proper management of
aboveground storage tanks. [22]
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related pollutants present in the tributaries. The plan identifies and prioritizes projects that will results
in water quality improvements needed for delisting. [11]
In 2018, the Berks County Conservation District completed the Maiden Creek Watershed Water Quality
Report. This study was conducted with the purpose of providing a snapshot of the long-term water
quality trends within the watershed, and help prioritize restorative best management practices in
selected focus areas of the Middle Schuylkill. Based on this evaluation, recommendations for
implementation projects, monitoring, and restoration strategies can be made to local stakeholders.
RAWA provided their watershed monitoring results database as part of this initiative. Overall,
watershed health was determined to be graded a B-. Headwaters have good quality, but historical
impairments of siltation, nutrients, and pathogens are present. The study recommended that Lake
Ontelaunee be closely monitored to determine how it processes potential increases in sediment and
nutrient runoff. [12]
The USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service’s National Water Quality Initiative (NWQI)
invests in targeted assistance to farmers in selected watersheds to improve the water quality in high-
priority streams. Conservation practices include the promotion of soil health, reduction of erosion and
nutrient runoff, and installation of filter strips, cover crops, reduced tillage and manure management.
In 2019, the Maiden Creek Watershed was selected for a pilot study area, with meetings and projects
to improve water quality to be prioritized through partnerships with local organizations. [13] In June
2019, a stakeholder’s meeting was held to determine the best and most efficient way to provide and
protect drinking water in the Maiden Creek Watershed. Based on these discussions, a number of topics
were repeated and established as priorities of the stakeholder’s group within the watershed, including
water quality degradation from excess nutrients, excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-
solids or compost applications, and excess sediment in surface waters. Geographically, it was
determined that the most important location within the watershed is to focus funding in the Lower
Maiden Creek and specifically into areas within Zone A and Zone B of RAWA’s Source Water
Protection Plan. After this meeting, a comprehensive Watershed Assessment was developed by NRCS
staff and submitted for evaluation for project selection. RAWA provided much of the background,
PSOC information, and water quality data for this document. [14]
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1.6 Overview of Water System
The Reading Area Water Authority directly provides drinking water to approximately 87,000 people in
Reading, Pennsylvania and several surrounding communities, and serves a total of 125,000 people
through interconnections with other water systems. The primary water source is Lake Ontelaunee in
the Maiden Creek Watershed, located northeast of the City of Reading in Berks County. Lake
Ontelaunee was constructed in 1926. A second intake is located downstream of the Ontelaunee Dam,
which withdraws directly from Maiden Creek behind the filter plant.
The Maidencreek Filter Plant has a permitted treatment capacity of 40 million gallons per day (MGD),
and allocation permit that allows a maximum withdrawal of 35 MGD. The plant utilizes conventional
treatment systems, including disinfection, filtration, and other controls. Disinfection is achieved using
gas chlorine as a pre-treatment to the raw water, and after filtering. Other treatment processes include
pH adjustment, particulate removal, taste and odor controls, fluoridation, and the addition of a corrosion
inhibitor. The treated water from the filter plant flows by gravity to two 10-million gallon water storage
basins, then to the Maidencreek Pumping Station, which has an average daily pumping rate of 11.5
million gallons. A variety of storage facilities owned and maintained by the Authority, including
clearwells, on-ground and in-ground basins, and standpipes, provide water into the treatment and
distribution systems. RAWA has several one-way interconnections with neighboring water systems
where RAWA can provide water, but not receive it. These systems include West Reading Borough,
Wyomissing Borough, Shillington Borough, Bern Township Municipal Authority, Ontelaunee
Township Municipal Authority, and Pennsylvania American Water Company. RAWA has two-way
interconnections with Western Berks Water Authority and Muhlenberg Township Authority, where
either system can provide or receive water. RAWA also has contracted to provide water to Birdsboro
Power in Birdsboro, Berks County.
RAWA has also purchased land within the watershed to help keep it in a natural state, and staff plants
approximately 1,000 trees each year on city property around the lake to reduce additional siltation.
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2.0 Source Water Protection and Public Participation
2.1 Development of Steering Committee and Partner Organizations
The Reading Area Water Authority’s vision includes a team approach to Source Water Protection
through partnerships with watershed stakeholders. In 2016, a Source Water Protection Steering
Committee was formed by the Berks County Water & Sewer Association to assist with development
of the Berks County Source Water Protection
Program. The committee meets quarterly, and is
comprised of project stakeholders, including
drinking water systems, governmental agencies,
local officials, environmental and civic
organizations, teachers, citizens, and other
interested groups. The steering committee (a)
provides comments and ideas for the program with
respect to knowledge of issues in the watershed; (b)
serves as a sounding board for ideas and
recommendations being developed as part of the
source water protection program; and (c) helps to
carry the “message” of Source Water Protection
back to its representative organizations and
communities. RAWA staff serves on the
committee, and offers collaboration on projects within the Maiden Creek Watershed. This committee
will also serve as a partner in RAWA’s continued participation in endeavors for improving Lake
Ontelaunee and the entire watershed.
2.2 Public Education and Participation in the Community
As a member of the Berks County Source Water Protection Committee, RAWA will benefit from a
participation in these goals and activities described in the Berks program:
Assistance with implementation of the Berks County Regional Source Water Protection Plan.
Inclusion with county-wide management strategies selected in the program.
Coordination activities to reduce duplication of effort between water systems and other
organizations.
Communication and liaison with other source water users.
Erie County, Pennsylvania
Algae Toxins in Drinking Water, 2014
Communities that draw their drinking water
from Lake Erie are spending thousands of
dollars to test and treat algal toxins like
those that contaminated the water supply for
more than 400,000 people in Ohio. The real
costs for water utilities come during water
treatment. One regional plant, which treats
9 million gallons of water each day, spent
$50,000 to remove the toxin last year, and
another spent $60,000 fighting 2011’s
record-setting algal bloom. Plants have also
had to increase the amounts spent on other
chemicals, because the amounts increase
when toxins are present [19].
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Support with local environmental volunteer efforts.
Coordinated education efforts with the MS4 steering committee in stormwater management.
Coordinated water quality monitoring in the Maiden Creek and Schuylkill River watersheds.
In addition to these coordinated efforts, RAWA conducts much of its own public education in the
community. RAWA operates a dedicated website, with a Source Water Protection webpage.
Information on the 1998 watershed assessment, the RAWA program, and brochures on various topics
are available for review and downloading at http://www.readingareawater.com/source-water/ .
Partnering with the Berks County Conservation District
(BCCD), RAWA stenciled several hundred stormdrains
within the City of Reading, its primary area of service.
This project and other collaborative efforts resulted in the
BCCD naming RAWA the “2008 Conservation
Organization of the Year”.
Public education is important to the RAWA management and staff, and has provided source water
protection demonstrations and education to local school students, including the I-LEAD Charter
School, elementary students at the AquaPolluzza event at Berks Nature, and continues to help the
BCCD with activities in the Berks County Senior Envirothon. RAWA staff has provided guest
appearances on the local television station (BCTV), and sponsored
presentations at several workshops for the Schuylkill Watershed
Congress. Other public education events include tours for the Olivet
clubs on the Lake property, and tree plantings with students from the
Schuylkill Valley Middle School.
RAWA also provides notification to people driving within the
protection areas that they are traveling in a water supply area. RAWA
staff and other partners worked with the BCCD, Spotts, Stevens and
McCoy, the Maiden Creek Watershed Association, and PennDOT
Region 5 to install signage both on state highways and local roadways. These signs are an education
tool to alert drivers to notify emergency responders if they witness an accident or spill. In 2009, 30
signs were created to raise visitor awareness of drinking water areas and encourage emergency response
in a spill or release situation.
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RAWA has been a member of the Local Emergency Planning Committee, and cooperates with the
Berks County Department of Emergency Services (DES) in attempts to develop a Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) layer of protection areas in the county. RAWA has provided training to
local responders to improve spill and release response procedures. The DES staff also provides real-
time notification to RAWA and other water systems of release incidents within the Schuylkill River
watershed.
To provide some awareness of the effects of chemical runoff on waterways, RAWA contacted three
area golf courses (two in Berks County, one in Lehigh County) to encourage better management of
fertilizer application on the greens. Informational brochures on a variety of topics, including septic
system maintenance and household hazardous waste were presented to Ontelaunee Township and North
Heidelberg Township for distribution or posting on their website.
In 2016, RAWA partnered with the Borough of
Hamburg and the Hamburg Municipal Authority to
install signage in the Furnace Creek, a tributary to the
Maiden Creek. The Furnace Creek Watershed contains
portions of the Appalachian Trail, which receives
hundreds of hikers and other recreational visitors to the
area. The signs provide information on the watershed,
and warnings on tampering with a water supply.
RAWA staff also participated in the 2017 “Farming Around the Lake”
tour, hosted by the Berks Agricultural Resource Network. This self-guided
tour attracts several hundred people annually. RAWA staff provided
education to visitors on strategies they employ to address water quality
issues at Lake Ontelaunee.
In 2019, Reading High School conducted the first “Green Between”
educational event, and RAWA staff provided an educational booth and
drinking water for over one hundred students attending this event.
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3.0 Delineation of Protection Areas: Surface Water Sources
This section describes the methodology for identifying the protection areas for the Reading Area Water
Authority’s two surface water intakes. These protection areas were determined using available data
and hydrologic methods consistent with DEP guidance. The summary of the approach and resulting
protection areas are described below.
3.1 Description of the Surface Water Sources
At present, the water supply for the City of Reading is obtained mainly from Lake Ontelaunee, which
was constructed in 1926, and is located about eight (8) miles north of the City. Lake Ontelaunee has a
water surface area of 1,082 acres and a capacity of 3.88 billion gallons of storage. Raw lake water is
delivered to the Maidencreek Filter Plant by gravity via a 2,800 foot long, concrete-lined 81-inch
diameter tunnel, and a 60 inch diameter, 4,880 foot long, concrete conduit respectively. The Maiden
Creek intake supplements the Lake Ontelaunee supply in some conditions. This intake is located
directly behind the filter plant, approximately ½ mile downstream of the Ontelaunee Dam.
3.2 Methodology for Delineating Surface Water Intake Protection Areas
For the original 2007 source water delineation model, the protection areas were determined using DEP
guidance documents, based on federal guidance developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA). The state-wide uniform approach established the distance covered by water flowing
in a stream during a 5-hour and 25-hour time period (Zone A and Zone B). Zone C covers any portion
of the watershed higher than a 25-hour time-of-travel. If there is not any actual stream velocity data
(such as a USGS stream gauge), a default velocity of 5 miles per hour (approximately 7 feet per second)
was used to calculate the Zone A and Zone B protection areas. No direct measurements were available
for Maiden Creek, so the default velocity of 7 feet per second was used for the 2007 study. This method
determined that the entire 216 square mile watershed was within the 25-hour time-of-travel (TOT). [5]
Figure 3-1 displays the protection areas delineated from this report.
Technology advances, increased availability of data, and the installation of a USGS stream gauge in
the Maiden Creek Watershed provided new information to reassess the time-of-travel using a
combination of computer-aided methods to model the stream flow. The 2016 updated study contracted
by RAWA also included calculations for residence time through Lake Ontelaunee, which dramatically
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decreased the TOT to the primary intake. The study also determined different flow rates for high,
average, and low flow conditions. The traditional 5-hour and 25-hour zone determination has limited
usefulness in management of the watershed contributing to their intakes, as a uniform stream flow does
not characterize actual conditions in the watershed. [8]
The time-of-travel study completed in 2016 provided the basis for an update conducted in 2019. In the
2016 study, a stream network and overland flow pathways from each point source PSOC was
established, along with an average mean annual velocity and low, average, and high flow time-of-travel
for each stream segment. In addition, adjustments were made to the TOT for each PSOC to account for
lag time in Lake Ontelaunee. For the 2019 update, SSM staff created overland flow pathways between
each new PSOC and the existing stream network, using ArcGIS software and topographical contours.
The average velocity of all overland flow pathways from the 2016 study was calculated and applied to
the newly created pathways. High flow velocity was used for the stream network, since in most cases,
potential contaminants would not reach the stream except during a rain event. Once velocities were
applied to each segment in the network, time-of-travel could be calculated. Adjustments were then
made to account for Lake Ontelaunee lag time, as was done in the 2016 study. The final TOT study and
related PSOCs were delivered to RAWA staff via an online ArcGIS software program.
3.3 Description of the Surface Water Intake Protection Areas
The water quality in a lake, creek, or other surface body is affected by the quality of all the water
flowing into it and all the land upstream of it. Therefore, the entire drainage area upstream of a surface
water source is considered part of a source water protection area. The areas described below were
calculated using the average-flow results from the updated 2016 study, as shown in Figure 3-2.
Zone A is the most protective area, and is the area within 0.25 miles on either side of the stream. Along
the contributing streams, Zone A extends between an upstream point that represents, on average, a 5-
hour TOT to the intake and a downstream point that is 0.25 miles below the intake. Zone A for Lake
Ontelaunee covers 6.29 square miles in Ontelaunee, Maidencreek, and Perry Townships.
Zone B of a surface water source encompasses the drainage area extending upstream from Zone A to
a 25-hour TOT along the contributing streams. Zone B for the Lake extends an additional 104.2 square
miles, and covers portions of 14 municipalities in Berks County: Ontelaunee, Maidencreek, Perry,
Rockland, Albany, Windsor, Maxatawny, Richmond, Greenwich, and Longswamp Townships, and
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Topton, Lenhartsville, Lyons, and Kutztown Boroughs. A small section of Lynn Township in Lehigh
County is also included in Zone B.
Zone C is typically the remainder of the watershed, or the drainage area contributing to streams greater
than a 25-hour TOT. Zone C for the Lake intake encompasses another 81.85 square miles in 14
municipalities in Berks and Lehigh Counties.
Combining the protection areas with the streams flowing to the Maiden Creek intake would increase
the watershed drainage area to a total of approximately 192 square miles.
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4.0 Contaminant Source Inventory
After the original protection areas were delineated for the 2007 source water protection plan, a
comprehensive inventory of potential sources of contamination (PSOCs) was compiled for the areas,
using public information available at the time. An updated inventory was included in the 2016 time-of-
travel study. PSOCs are locations or activities that can adversely affect the quality of the water supply.
It is important to note that land uses, activities, or individual industries identified in the PSOC inventory
are not necessarily a source of pollution; however, they have the potential for contaminating surface water.
PSOCs include activities that use, store, transport, or dispose of the following types of contaminants:
Regulated contaminants with federal primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels for
safe drinking water
Materials on the EPA contaminant
candidate list and contaminants with EPA
lifetime health advisories or cancer risk
numbers; most of these are on the Clean
Water Priority Pollutant List
Giardia and Cryptosporidium
Turbidity
Disinfection by-product precursors
Taste and odor precursors
Pharmaceuticals and other endocrine
disruptors
Other contaminants, as necessary, based
upon known potential contaminant
sources.
PSOCs can be non-point sources (where contamination occurs over a widespread area) or point sources
(where contamination originates from a single discharge point). Examples of non-point sources include
stormwater runoff from agricultural fields, residential lawns, roads and parking lots, and commercial
and industrial properties. Mobile threats like spills or releases along transportation corridors such as
highways, railroads, and navigable waterways can also provide a source of non-point pollution.
Pennsylvania
Tanker Spills Fuel Into River, 2010
Thousands of gallons of fuel spilled near the
Susquehanna River after a tanker truck
crashed on a major highway. Local water
intakes were closed or monitored, and
materials were placed in the Susquehanna
and Juniata Rivers to prevent contamination
of the drinking water intakes. Fortunately,
only a small amount of fuel was found in the
Juniata River, and none in the Susquehanna,
which provides drinking water for hundreds
of thousands of people in the basin area [18].
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Point sources can include stationary threats at a fixed location such as an industrial or commercial
facility. Point source discharges can be hazardous substances that enter the groundwater or a stream
through spills or releases that occur during transport, handling, use or storage. Accidents can occur even
when proper precautions are taken and have the potential to release hazardous materials to the
subsurface through percolation or to a surface water body through overland flow.
4.1 Priority Concerns of the Water System
Throughout all the assessments and studies completed for the water system, Reading Area Water
Authority staff has expressed concerns with several types of potential contamination issues. One
primary concern is nutrients from upstream farming operations reaching water courses from surface
runoff within the watershed, especially from properties along the Moselem Creek. Nitrates and
phosphorus levels (nutrients) in low-flow conditions encourage algae growth, which can cause taste
and odor issues as well as operational problems at the filter plant. Legacy sediments flowing down the
Maiden Creek are also a concern, as transported sediments settle in the upper neck of the Lake and
restrict flow and storage capacity. Another ongoing problem in the watershed includes spills and
releases from accidents on Interstate-78 and the bridge crossing at PA 662. Wastewater treatment and
industrial plants also discharge effluent into the watershed that flows downstream to the intakes.
Lake Ontelaunee has also been in the migration path of a large goose population, which has prompted
additional concerns with pathogens contamination at the intake. Pathogens and other contaminants from
septic systems may also potentially impact water quality, since many of the bungalows and other homes
along the Maiden Creek downstream of the dam use these on-lot systems to dispose of domestic
wastewater.
4.2 PSOC Identification and Evaluation: Non-Point Sources
The descriptions below for the priority non-point sources are general in nature; however, each
description includes an adequate amount of information that a reader with no knowledge of the non-
point source PSOCs will be able to understand how it could impact and affect drinking water quality.
Agriculture – livestock: According to the 2000 National Water Quality Inventory, agricultural non-
point source pollution is the leading source of water quality impacts on rivers and lakes; the second
largest source of impairments to wetlands; and a major contributor to contamination of estuaries and
groundwater. [15] Polluted runoff is picked up and carried by surface water runoff and snowmelt that
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is deposited in bodies of water and underground sources of drinking water. Agricultural activities
related to livestock management that cause these detrimental impacts include poorly located or
managed animal feeding operations, overgrazing, and poorly managed animal waste operations.
Uncontrolled runoff may contain pathogens (bacteria, parasites, and viruses), nutrients, and organic
matter that can potentially degrade groundwater quality. Overgrazing exposes soils and increases
erosion and sediment deposition in water bodies leading to the impairment of aquatic organisms and
ecological habitats.
Agriculture – row crops: Agricultural activities related to row crops that can cause detrimental
impacts include plowing too often or at the wrong time, and improper, excessive, or poorly-timed
application of pesticides, irrigation water, and fertilizer. The types of pollutants generated include
sediment, nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium), pesticides, metals, and salts. When more
nutrients are applied than what is needed for crop production, excess amounts are carried into aquatic
ecosystems by wind and surface water runoff. The improper handling, storage, application, or disposal
of fertilizers and pesticides all have the potential to contaminate both groundwater and surface waters.
Septic systems: Septic systems (i.e., effluent from septic tanks, cesspools, and leachfields) that are
improperly sited, designed, constructed, or maintained are potentially serious sources for groundwater
contamination, particularly in areas with a high density of these systems. Potential contaminants from
septic systems can include bacteria, viruses, parasites, nitrates, hormones, phosphorus, surfactants, oils,
cleaning chemicals, heavy metals, and pharmaceuticals. Use of septic system cleaners, which typically
contain synthetic organic chemicals, may also contribute to the contamination of groundwater.
Wildlife: Bacteria and nutrients in the water from wildlife waste or waterfowl droppings can create
algal blooms on the surface water source, which are difficult to remove with standard water treatment
methods. Preventing nutrient pollutants from reaching the water source is a key factor in avoiding
additional treatment procedures and associated costs. Reducing contaminants from wildlife and
waterfowl can be attained through a number of environmentally-friendly approaches, such as
elimination of feeding from humans, chasing or scaring the animals and birds, exclusion fencing, and
landscaping that prevents feeding. Riparian buffer areas surrounding the water source can assist with
filtering pollutants.
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4.3 PSOC Identification and Evaluation: Point Sources
As part of the 2016 time-of-travel study, a table of current PSOCs was prepared by searching publicly-
available environmental databases for regulated locations, as identified by a permit or an enforcement
action. The PSOCs found through these database searches are point sources; non-point sources typically
are not regulated. 157 sites were listed as part of the study. [8]
The 2019 TOT study discussed in Section 3.2 also updated the evaluation of the PSOCs within the RAWA
delineated protection areas. Twenty-four publically-available databases were assessed and compared with
results from the 2007 and 2016 inventories. After consolidation of multiple results for a single facility, 274
point-source PSOCs were identified (Table 4-1).
Since these operations have the potential for contamination of downstream surface water, examples of
specific PSOC types within RAWA’s protection areas are discussed below:
Aboveground, Underground, and Residential Storage Tanks: Aboveground or underground storage
tanks are used in industrial, commercial, and agricultural operations, as well as at individual residences,
to store petroleum products and chemicals.
Discharges of chemicals, petroleum, or non-
petroleum oils from storage tanks can contaminate
groundwater or surface water. Chemicals that are
released due to spills, uncontained overfills, tank
corrosion, and piping system and equipment
failures may be discharged directly to surface water
or accumulate in soils and present a threat to
groundwater.
Beneficial Land Use/Biosolids: Biosolids are the
nutrient-rich organic materials resulting from the
treatment of sewage sludge. Biosolids can be
applied to agricultural fields as fertilizer to improve soils and stimulate plant growth. The application
of biosolids is regulated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to ensure the material is treated
properly and is then safely applied to agricultural areas. Biosolids must meet specific quality criteria
before land application. Biosolids, other than landscape-grade, may not be applied to farmland, forests,
or mine reclamation sites that are within 100 feet of a stream; within 300 feet of an occupied dwelling
Adams County, Pennsylvania
Well Contamination, 1987
In a case study at the Gettysburg Municipal
Authority, staff discovered volatile organic
chemical contamination of one of the supply
wells and surrounding property, and traced
a potential source from a nearby commercial
facility. Over a 30-year period, the total cost
is expect to exceed $4.0 million dollars, and
Gettysburg incurred approximately
$349,000 in remediation expenses of their
water supply. [2]
Source Water Protection
Case Study
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or water source; within 11 inches of a seasonal high water table; or within 3.3 feet of the regional
groundwater table.
EPA Regulated: These are sites from the EPA Envirofacts data system, which is made up of
information from multiple environmental databases. This is a wide range of sites that are subject to
environmental regulation by the EPA. Reasons for regulation can vary greatly within the themes of air,
land, water, waste, toxics, and radiation. NOTE: Within this database are four categories that are of
particular concern. They include:
TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) sites: The TRI program was started in 1988 and contains
information on releases of nearly 650 chemical and chemical categories by certain industries
and federal facilities. Releases and improper transfer of toxic chemicals from a TRI site may
therefore pose a potential, if not already confirmed, threat to source water.
Superfund – CERCLIS sites: A Superfund site is any land in the US that has been
contaminated by hazardous waste and identified by the EPA as a candidate for cleanup because
it poses a risk to human health and/or the environment. Sites can include abandoned
warehouses, manufacturing facilities, processing plants, and landfills. Superfund is a federal
program, administered by the EPA, established in 1980. Its goal is to locate, investigate and
clean up severe, uncontrolled hazardous waste sites throughout the country. Before this
program, hazardous wastes were often left out in the open or abandoned to seep into the ground
or waterways.
Hazardous Waste - RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) facilities: RCRA
facilities generate, store, transport, handle, treat, or dispose of hazardous waste, which must be
handled carefully to prevent release into the environment. RCRA is a federal program which
includes a management and inventory system about hazardous waste handlers. In general, all
RCRA facilities are required to provide information about their activities to state environmental
agencies. This information, in turn, is passed to regional and national EPA offices.
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) locations: Entities with a
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit are legally authorized to
discharge into a water of the United States from a specified outfall. An NPDES permit is
typically given for a wastewater treatment plant, an industrial discharge, and stormwater
outfalls in urban areas. All permits specify effluent limits that cannot be exceeded. Typical
regulated parameters include bacteria, temperature, pH, nitrates, metals, etc. However, it is still
possible for a violation to occur, which could release higher levels of contaminants into the
receiving water.
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Golf Courses: Golf courses store and use significant quantities of lawn chemicals, including fertilizers,
herbicides, and pesticides. The storage, handling, and use of these chemicals are a concern for source
water protection. These chemicals should be properly stored in a building, and care must be taken to
prevent spills. If lawn chemicals are over-applied to turf, or applied shortly before a heavy rain, they
can be easily washed into nearby water bodies. Because golf courses typically mow grass right to the
edge of streams, the problem of lawn chemicals reaching a body of water is exacerbated. Erosion from
poorly maintained fairways can contribute sediment to nearby water bodies.
Industrial Mineral or Non-Coal Mining: Mining is typically undertaken to extract ores from deposits
of structurally stable rock formations. Both the excavation and operation of quarries or underground
mines can disrupt the existing aquifers and groundwater flow patterns. Water can then percolate
through the overburden and mix with mine wastes and other materials releasing acidity and metals.
The amount and type of reactions and the chemical quality of the mine or quarry drainage are functions
of the amount of reactive material present, characteristics of the overburden, and the amounts of air and
water available for chemical reactions.
Storage Tank Cleanup: Although some new USTs and ASTs have stringent installation requirements,
old tanks may rust and leak their contents into the soil and groundwater. In many cases, old storage
tanks were abandoned in place. Leaking tanks therefore pose a potential for groundwater and surface
water contamination by the material stored. These release incidents represent leaks, spills and overfills
which have occurred from storage tank systems regulated by Title 25 Chapter 245 Administration of
the Storage Tank and Spill Prevention Program. Releases from home heating oil tanks, which are not
regulated by Chapter 245, are not part of this list.
Wastewater Treatment Plants: Because wastewater treatment facilities are often located adjacent to
rivers, proper management and maintenance is critical. Many plants store disinfection chemicals such
as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, and bromine chlorides onsite. These chemicals must be carefully stored to
prevent an accidental release into the waterway. Facilities that receive wet weathers overflows may
cause the plant to exceed its capacity, resulting in a discharge of untreated or partially-treated sewage
to the waterway. Conveyance systems such as sewage mains and pump stations may also malfunction,
causing raw sewage to infiltrate into the groundwater.
Water Pollution Control Facilities: The facilities can include agricultural activities, biosolids
treatment, composting/processing of sewage sludge, discharge point to stream, land application of
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wastewater, manure management, stream outfalls, pipelines or conduits, pump stations, septage land
application, sewage or industrial wastewater treatment plant, storage of wastewater, or any facility that
covers a variety of industries.
Water Resource Discharges: A discharge represents the return of water used at a Water Resources
primary facility. The facility type may be a sewage treatment plant, in-stream discharge, spray
irrigation field, groundwater recharge, on-lot septic, or unidentified facility type.
4.4 Continued Maintenance of the PSOC Database
The PSOC update conducted in 2019 included the use of an online ArcGIS program, where the specific
PSOC results can be reviewed and evaluated by RAWA staff on an ongoing basis. PSOCs can change
over time, so it is important to maintain updated
information in order to understand potential threats to the
water supply. 25 Pa. Code § 109.713(a)(4) requires an
assessment for each source. As part of the ongoing
implementation of this source water protection plan, the
PSOC inventory will be reviewed by staff during annual
meetings to identify current and future potential threats to
the water sources. New PSOCs can be evaluated to assess
its potential threat to a water source in a similar way to
how the existing PSOCs were evaluated.
4.5 Land Use Assessment within Protection Areas
To assess possible management strategies for the source water protection areas, it is important to
understand the existing uses of Zone A and Zone B. Since land use can impact surface sources quickly,
the steering committee should regularly review methods of reducing potential threats within the
protection areas. Land use within Zone A can impact Lake Ontelaunee within 5 hours time-of-travel
in average flow conditions.
Table 4-2 summarizes land use in the protection areas based on the acreage and percentage of each
land use, and the highest rating in each of the four main land use categories; agriculture,
industrial/commercial, residential and transportation. Due to the size and complexity of the watershed,
only Zone A and Zone B had land use identified for this report. Zone A encompasses nearly 5,000
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acres, with undeveloped land and forested areas as the primary use (37%), and agricultural activities
covering 24% of Zone A. Zone B extends an additional 70,441 acres into the watershed, and 54% of
Zone B is used in agricultural areas.
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5.0 Contingency Planning
In the event of an emergency that could impact the water supply, immediate action is often critical in
preventing or minimizing contamination. As outlined in 25 Pa. Code § 109.707, the water supplier must
maintain preparedness procedures for safe and adequate drinking water under emergency
circumstances. [16] Possible emergency situations include a distribution system line break, power
outages, drought conditions, disinfection system failure, contamination of water supply, source pump
failure, and prolonged water outage. DEP provides additional Emergency Preparedness information
for community water systems and wastewater facilities, which can be found at this website:
http://www.dep.pa.gov/Business/Water/BureauSafeDrinkingWater/EmergencyPreparedness/Pages/de
fault.aspx#.Vx5fzPkrKM8.
5.1 Types of Contamination Events
The DEP recognizes three general categories of contamination, and the general response required:
1. Bacteriological contamination – The water supply should be chlorinated at all times to control
bacterial contamination. Standby chlorination facilities – including a chlorinator, supporting
equipment, and supply of chemicals – should be available at all times for adequate disinfection
of the water supply.
2. Chemical contamination – In general, chemical contaminants will either be toxic, interfere with
the normal treatment process, or create taste and odor problems in the finished water. In the
event of contamination from a toxic chemical (e.g., heavy metal, cyanide, etc.), the water
system must refer to their ERP for procedures to continue service. Water rationing may be
required, and public notification should be given. If the water is deemed safe but the quality of
the finished water is affected, plans for additional or alternate treatment should be available.
Emergency stores of certain chemicals – such as activated carbon – may be required.
3. Other biological contamination – Non-bacteriological contamination from a biological source,
such as excessive algal growth, is more likely in surface water supplies than in groundwater.
Alternate or additional treatment processes may be required.
5.2 Emergency Response Planning
25 Pa. Code § 109.707 requires that community water suppliers develop a plan for the provision of safe
and adequate drinking water under emergency circumstances. RAWA recognizes that threats to potable
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water supplies can occur through both accidental and intentional spills and releases. The water system
is committed to minimizing the threat of a contamination event; it is also committed to having an
effective response plan if contamination of the water supply occurs.
Staff maintains an Emergency Response Plan
(ERP) that is updated annually and kept at the water
system office. The plan includes contact
information for all local officials, media, and
emergency responders. As recommended in
Section 5, the staff may wish to attach a one-page
fact sheet for each major PSOC in the protection
areas to the ERP. The fact sheet could include
information that would aid in spill response, such
as the type, location, and quantity of chemicals
stored at the facility.
As part of the contingency plan, corrective actions
for probable emergency situations are discussed,
along with specific procedures, aid agreements,
and equipment to be used. If a contamination event
were to occur, RAWA has approximately 2 days of
emergency supply capacity within 12 reservoirs
with a capacity of 66,370,000 gallons, plus the 20
million gallons held in the two clear water basins. The interconnections with Western Berks Water
Authority and Muhlenberg Township Authority can only supply RAWA with a portion of their average
daily demand.
If the ERP needs to be activated in case of source loss, the water system should first notify their DEP
Sanitarian, who will determine the need for an emergency permit. Staff will also contact local and
county emergency management, and water customers.
RAWA also participates in a notification system with the Berks County Department of Emergency
Services. Staff is notified via a message system when there is a spill or accident that may impact
waterways within the county.
Source Water Protection
Success Story
Erie County, Pennsylvania
Emergency Spill Response Trailers, 2017
Officials from the County of Erie and the
PA Department of Environmental
Protection unveiled new spill-response
trailers that will be used to aid in rapid
response to the release of hazardous
materials, including crude oil.
The Great Lakes Emergency Spill Response
Trailers are part of a collaborative effort
between the county and the PA DEP to help
ensure that first responders can get the
necessary equipment to the site of a
potential spill as quickly as possible.
Funding for the trailers and equipment was
provided by a $38,000 grant secured
through the PA DEP and the Environmental
Protection Agency’s Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative. The six trailers each
contain containment booms, oil-absorbent
pads, loose absorbent and more. [24]
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6.0 Protection of Water Supply Sources
As outlined in 25 Pa. Code § 109.707, the water supplier must maintain emergency preparedness as
discussed in the Contingency Planning section. Being fully prepared includes a serious evaluation of
alternative sources for both short-term and long-term supply, in the event that an existing source
becomes unusable or needs supplemental quantity.
While many suppliers may have redundancy built into their system, some situations will still require
the use of emergency sources. The establishment
and maintenance of reserve sources is a necessary
action for complete source water protection. This
may mean examination of obtaining additional
groundwater wells or springs, placing an intake in
a nearby stream, or constructing an interconnection
with another water system. Each of these
alternatives requires a substantial monitoring and
permitting process, so water systems are
encouraged to discuss this issue with their staff and
consultants as part of ongoing contingency
planning. The plan must address the source
protection measures that can be implemented today
for the water supply needed for tomorrow.
While the Maiden Creek intake is permitted as a
secondary source, it may not completely replace
the Lake Ontelaunee source if the filter plant
operates at capacity: The Maiden Creek intake is
only permitted for a maximum withdrawal of 20 million gallons per day, compared to the Lake’s
maximum permitted withdrawal of 35 million gallons per day. The second intake is also downstream
of the Lake intake, and therefore draws from the same water flow. Any contamination event that would
close the Lake intake could also impact the Maiden Creek intake. The current allocation permit from
DEP requires review of alternative or supplemental sources in case of emergency. Any additional
sources that may be identified in the future will be protection with the same management strategies
outlined in this plan.
Source Water Protection
Success Story
Berks County Nitrates Improvement in Groundwater, 2018
In the early 2000s, the nitrates level in the
Borough of Kutztown’s water supply were
approaching the maximum safe level for
drinking water. The Borough obtains its
water supply from groundwater wells in the
Saucony Creek Watershed, and provides
service for approximately 14,200 people
locally.
The Schuylkill Action Network Agricultural
Workgroup partners, which include
government agencies, non-profit
organizations, and private entities, worked
with the USDA-NRCS staff to install
conservation practices that protect and
improve water quality on farms within the
watershed. The nitrates levels monitored at
the Kutztown water treatment plant have
been reduced because of these voluntary
efforts. [20]
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RAWA maintains interconnections with two other nearby water systems that can help offset demand
in case of emergency. However, it may be difficult to provide water to the receiving systems in some
conditions without substantial additions to the distribution system.
However, RAWA staff is continually reviewing opportunities in their service area for potential ways
of being proactive in ensuring they have available supply for their customers, and address growth,
drought, and system flexibility into the future. In the event of a source failure, the water system will
work with the DEP for a feasibility study and permitting of new sources. Additional sources that may
be identified in the future will be protected with the same management strategies outlined in this plan.
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7.0 Source Water Protection Management Plan
This section describes the management options that RAWA can implement as part of this source water
protection plan. The management plan is intended to protect the source of water for the community
from present and/or future potential contaminants, including those identified in Section 4, with
reasonable and sustainable measures. The plan applies to the delineated protection areas and the
potential sources of contamination in these areas.
7.1 Current Source Water Protection Efforts
In addition to the public education and outreach described in Section 2.2, RAWA has been an
outstanding model for voluntary watershed protection efforts in the community. Many of these
activities described below are a direct result of the implementation strategies described in the 2007
Source Water Protection Plan.
RAWA is a Charter Member of Berks County Water & Sewer Association (BCWSA), which was
formed in 2013; staff participates on the Source Water Protection and Education Committees.
RAWA has committed to extensive voluntary water quality
sampling across the watershed, including:
Financially supporting the USGS stream gauge
located in Virginville at the confluence of the
Saucony Creek and Maiden Creek
12 sites selected by RAWA and consultants have
ongoing water quality monitoring throughout the
watershed. Monitoring and collaborative project sites are shown in two maps of the Maiden
Creek Watershed, displayed in Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2.
Two of these nearest upstream sites have been selected to track the presence of impairments
that initiated the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) document developed for Lake
Ontelaunee. Nitrates, Total Phosphates, and Total Suspended Solids are graphed at Bailey’s
Creek (Figure 7-3), and Maiden Creek at Route 662 (Figure 7-4) since 2008.
10 former Schuylkill Action Network project sites are also monitored for chemicals and
macroinvertebrates in collaboration with the Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, Berks
Nature, the Berks County Conservation District, and Stroud Water Research Center. These
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56
analysis results are shared with selected partners within the Delaware River Watershed
Initiative projects, and used to gauge overall water quality on a seasonal basis.
Staff conducts ongoing watershed monitoring projects with Berks Nature on selected farms for
the EPA’s 319 program.
Ongoing monitoring collaboration with Philadelphia Water Department and Lehigh University
to determine the presence of Cryptosporidium in Lake Ontelaunee. Sampling events conducted
from 2015-2017 resulted in a positive Cryptosporidium detection in two of the 25 samples
taken (8.3%). The major host was determined to be from cattle, but also can be reported in
humans. [17] Additional monitoring by RAWA for Bacteroides at both intakes have helped
staff with determining the potential origin of Cryptosporidium through identifying whether the
results were from humans or animals.
Participate in the Lower Maiden Creek Watershed pilot study area for the USDA-Natural
Resource Conservation Service’s National Water Quality Initiative. The NWQI invests in
targeted funding and technical assistance to farmers in selected watersheds to improve the
water quality in high-priority streams. RAWA staff will serve as part of the volunteer
committee.
RAWA has partnered with the One Wish Foundation to provide hunting and fishing opportunities in
and around Lake Ontelaunee for children participating with the organization. The utility’s source water
protection activities have kept outdoor activities such as these possible.
In order to reduce wildlife and fowl concentrations at the Lake, RAWA has contracted the U.S.
Department of Agriculture to implement a goose management program to minimize pathogens effects
in Lake Ontelaunee.
In 2013, RAWA received the 2013 Exemplary Source Water
Protection Award for Large Systems from the American Water
Works Association, recognizing the development and
implementation of a strong and active source water protection
program.
RAWA staff and consultants have conducted targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities upstream
of the intakes, such as battery manufacturers, mushroom growing facilities, and quarry/mining
operations.
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A cooperative effort with national and local Trout Unlimited chapters attained the delisting of stream
segments through the Unassessed Waters program.
In addition to staff resources, RAWA has also provided cost-share assistance for other organizations in
both Berks and Lehigh counties to pursue watershed improvements through on-the-ground agricultural
best management practices (BMPs), including conservation planning, tree plantings with Olivet clubs
and school students, and participation in the US Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve
Enhancement Program. Staff also uses the Galerucella pusilla beetles as a biological control for
invasive plants like Purple Loosestrife from these properties to increase protection to local waterways.
In 2017, RAWA completed a project which dredged a volume of approximately 53,874 cubic yards of
sediment from the upper neck of Maiden Creek, and provided 10,881,848 gallons of additional water
storage.
7.2 Ongoing and Future Management Strategies Selected by the Water System
This section describes the management strategies that RAWA can pursue for source water protection,
building on the original list developed in 2007, and updating the initiatives at the 2019 annual steering
committee meeting. The inventory below is neither all-inclusive nor required - it is tailored to include
specific measures to address PSOCs in RAWA’s protection areas as well as general management
options to ensure comprehensive source water protection. Table 7-1 summarizes these watershed
improvement strategies within specific categories, and provides potential partners and a general
schedule for accomplishment:
Annual – this identifies management options that should be completed once every year.
Examples include updating the emergency response plan, holding a steering committee
meeting, and updating the PSOC inventory.
Priority – these are management options that the water system should consider implementing
soon after their source water protection plan is approved. Priority management options include
those that get the word out to the community about the source water protection plan and future
source water protection efforts.
Short-term – this identifies a management option that RAWA should consider completing
sooner rather than later, potentially within the first few years after approval of this plan. These
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58
options have a higher priority because they are more likely to have a significant effect
protecting the water supply.
Long-term – these management options are less critical and should be completed after most of
the short-term tasks are implemented.
Ongoing – these management options should be implemented as an opportunity arises. For
example, a farmer in a critical location might request assistance with a streambank protection
project. RAWA could provide financial or other in-kind support for this project that will protect
the water supply.
Steering Committee and Public Participation
1. Meet with the steering committee annually to address source water protection and other water
resources issues in the protection area. Review and update the inventory of existing and potential
PSOCs on a regular basis in accordance
with Chapter §109.713(a)(4). An annual
update form should be submitted to the
DEP-Southcentral Region office by March
31 of each subsequent year following
approval of the plan.
2. Maintain membership in the Berks County
Source Water Protection Steering
Committee to address water resources
issues in the Maiden Creek subbasin of the
Schuylkill River Watershed.
Public Education
3. Conduct public education for area
residents and customers regarding where
their water originates, and the importance
of source water protection. Continue
participating in local events as requested.
Some education tools include:
Update information on RAWA’s Source Water Protection webpage. Review the
information distributed through the Consumer Confidence Report to explain current
Source Water Protection
Success Story
Berks County
Source Water Protection Program, 2018
The Berks County Water & Sewer
Association is a non-profit group to advance
the operations of drinking water and sewer
services, provide training, and promote
cooperation among water and sewer service
utilities and other members. The BCW&SA
along with the Berks County Planning
Commission supported the development of
the Berks County Source Water Protection
Program, which provided county-wide
activities and education for all the drinking
water suppliers participating on the
committee.
The PA Department of Environmental
Protection recently recognized this project
for the 2018 Governor’s Award for
Environmental Excellence. [21]
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59
source water protection participation. Include general statements on the importance of
source water protection and how the public can participate.
Distribute printed media in the community. Methods can consist of information included
in water bills, newsletters, articles in the local paper, and distribution of educational
materials at fairs and other community events. Educational brochures were prepared and
given to the water system for distribution as needed. Copies of the brochures developed
by the BCWSA are included in Appendix B. Electronic versions of the brochures that can
be updated are included on the Report Media following this plan, and can be edited as
necessary.
Continue to work with Maidencreek and Ontelaunee Townships in distribution of source
water protection information regarding septic system maintenance.
The Talking About Pennsylvania (TAP) Water Kit was developed by the American
Water Works Association (AWWA). It contains lessons, activities, and a guide for
teachers based on state guidelines on teaching about water, and can be provided to local
schools and environmental clubs. A Compact Disc containing the entire curriculum is
included in Appendix B.
Show the PowerPoint slide presentation in Appendix B highlighting the elements of
RAWA’s source water protection plan, which can be shown to visitors, schools, local
organizations, and as a Public Service Announcement during community events or on
local television stations. The slideshow can be used with a presenter, or “looped” for
continuous play. A summary version is included in Appendix B, with an adaptable
PowerPoint file located on the Report Media.
4. Continue to work with students from surrounding school districts, such as Schuylkill Valley
Middle School and Reading High School in Berks County, and Northwestern Lehigh School
District. Partner with both Berks and Lehigh County Conservation Districts and Berks Nature
educators for classroom presentations to schools on the source of their water, treatment process,
and Source Water Protection.
Public Water Supply Zone Notification
5. Through the Berks County Water & Sewer Association and other organizations, educate
municipal officials, environmental organizations and agencies, and local businesses and
industries about the protection areas and source water protection. A letter to the high-risk
PSOC facilities can explain the importance of the protection areas, request cooperation with
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the steering committee, and inform the officials of the new plan. Follow the letter with a phone
call to solicit participation.
6. Maintain the Water Supply Area signs installed in local municipalities.
Watershed Partnerships
7. Collaborate with staff from the Partnership of the Delaware Estuary, Berks Nature, the Berks
County and Lehigh County Conservation Districts, the PA Department of Environmental
Protection, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Schuylkill Action Network, and the
USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service in managing overlapping source water
protection activities in the Maiden Creek Watershed on Delaware River Watershed Initiative
and National Water Quality Initiative projects.
8. Continue sharing water quality monitoring data with the Delaware River Watershed Initiative
and Schuylkill Action Network organizations for baseline information on watershed
improvement project sites.
9. Continue participation with the Schuylkill Action Network Agricultural Workgroup and
partners for installation of best management practices projects in the Maiden Creek Watershed.
Watershed Management
10. Maintain the water quality monitoring database implemented in 2008 and updated monthly
with new sampling results conducted by RAWA staff. Continue to monitor the nutrient and
sediment parameters in the Lake Ontelaunee TMDL to chart water quality improvements. Add
information from the plant’s SCADA monitoring system when practical.
11. Continue annual tree-planting events around Lake Ontelaunee and streambank restoration
projects as requested. Encourage farmers to enroll in the USDA-Conservation Resource
Enhancement program to help reduce erosion issues.
12. Continue targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities about cooperating in source water
protection activities, including golf courses, upstream dischargers, battery production
operations, railroads, and mushroom farms. Us the 2019 ArcGIS online program to view
PSOCs and related information within the protection areas.
13. Continue ongoing strategies to reduce Cryptosporidium results at the secondary intake on the
Maiden Creek, including maintaining the goose management program with the USDA to
minimize contaminants in Lake Ontelaunee, providing education for septic system
maintenance with Ontelaunee Township residents, and additional chemical monitoring as
necessary.
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14. Work with the USDA’s Plant Protection and Quarantine program to determine the best methods
of purple loosestrife management, including biocontrol methods, such as the Gallarucella
pusilla beetles.
15. Continue participation in the Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentive Program,
administered by the USDA’s Natural Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS). This grant
program helps to increase public access to private lands for outdoor recreation. Continue future
collaboration in a PA Game Commission grant program for invasive plant removal activities,
such as cutting, spraying, and planting native vegetation.
16. Maintain partnership with USDA in ongoing goose harassment program to reduce pathogens
from resident populations on Lake Ontelaunee. Deploy groundhog management methods to
preserve the structural integrity of the earthen dam.
Emergency Planning
17. Review and update the Emergency Response Plan annually to ensure all contact information
and response activities are up-to-date. Participate in any emergency tabletop exercises
available to staff.
18. Consider the feasibility of other raw water sources to ensure adequate water supply in case of
the loss of the primary source or other emergency. Work with adjacent water systems for
contingency interconnections to supply RAWA with water.
19. Maintain contact with Berks County and DEP-Southcentral Region emergency coordinators,
and provide information on source water protection areas. Request immediate notification if a
spill or release is reported within protection areas. Attend a Local Emergency Planning
Committee meeting to review the source water protection plan with emergency planners.
20. Continue membership in the Delaware Valley Early Warning System, and communicate any
potential contamination issues to downstream users in the Schuylkill River.
MS4 and Stormwater Management
21. Work with Maidencreek Township and Ontelaunee Township staff in support of
implementation of localized Best Management Practices to improve quality of stormwater
runoff that may impact the Maiden Creek. Ensure that water supplier contact information is
current and included in any township facility spill response plans.
22. Consider attending the Schuylkill Action Network Stormwater Workgroup and the Berks
County MS4 Steering Committee to promote source water protection as part of stormwater
management. Provide education to MS4 communities in the protection areas upon request.
108501.0036 RAWA
62
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108501.0036 RAWA
63
8.0 Implementing and Sustaining the Source Water Protection Program
The Reading Area Water Authority management and staff recognize that the sustainability of this
source water protection program is an important tool to ensure successful improvements to the
watersheds over time. During the development of this program, staff discussed the need for ongoing
leadership and financial support after the implementation/management plan has been completed.
System Evaluations and Assessments are required to be performed annually by the water system in 25
Pa. Code § 109.705(a)(1) and (2) of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations.
8.1 Maintenance of Source Water Protection Program
RAWA realizes that communication with an intricate network of employees and partners will be
required for the ongoing success of the program. A commitment to the vision, activities, and financial
resources described in Section 7 must be supported by both management and staff, and reviewed
periodically to ensure that goals and objectives are clear and sustainable.
8.2 Short- and Long-Term Implementation Goals
Table 8-1 can be used as an implementation plan for protecting the RAWA water supply. Each
management strategy discussed in Section 7.2 may assign a person/organization responsible for
attaining the activity, a timeframe or deadline to be accomplished, and possible financial and human
resources needed to achieve the objective.
These activities and timeframes are voluntary, and any instances of missing intended goals do not have
any consequence to RAWA or its staff. The management strategies outlined in this program are
reviewed and evaluated at annual meetings, and prioritized according to RAWA’s need to optimize its
water system. New strategies may be added to the implementation list, and other options may be
discontinued or suspended as human and financial resources are allocated.
8.3 Annual Reporting
Under 25 Pa. Code § 109.713(b), community water systems must submit an annual report to DEP once
their source water protection plan has been approved. The report may include a summary of steering
committee meetings, educational efforts, or other steps taken to implement their source water protection
plan. Leadership supporting the source water protection program can provide county-wide
108501.0036 RAWA
64
management strategies to be included in this update. The annual reporting form is included in
Appendix C, which should be submitted to the DEP-Southcentral Region office by March 31 of each
subsequent year following implementation of the program.
108501.0036 RAWA
65
9.0 References
[1] "Reading Area Water Authority," [Online]. Available:
http://www.readingareawater.com/about-us/. [Accessed 10 July 2017].
[2] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), "Benefits and Costs of Prevention:
Case Studies of Community Wellhead Protection," EPA Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water, 1995.
[3] Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, "025 PA Code Chapter 109
Safe Drinking Water; General Updates and Fees," Pennsylvania Bulletin, Vol. 48, No.
33, August 18, 2018.
[4] Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, "025 PA Code Chapter
109.713," Pennsylvania Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 33, August 18, 2018.
[5] Spotts, Stevens and McCoy, "Lake Ontelaunee and Maiden Creek Watershed Source
Water Protection Plan for Reading Area Water Authority," 2007.
[6] Reading Area Water Authority (RAWA), "Source Water Protection," [Online].
Available: http://www.readingareawater.com/source-water/. [Accessed 12 July 2017].
[7] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III, "Total Maximum Daily Load for
Nutrients and Suspended Sediment - Lake Ontelaunee, Berks & Lehigh County,
Pennsylvania," 9 August 2004. [Online]. Available:
https://ofmpub.epa.gov/waters10/attains_impaired_waters.show_tmdl_document?p_tm
dl_doc_blobs_id=75155. [Accessed 19 July 2017].
[8] Lori Burkert, P.G., "Source Water Protection Plan: Maiden Creek Time-of-Travel
Update Technical Report," Entech Engineering, 2016.
[9] Spotts, Stevens, McCoy, "Lake Ontelaunee and Maiden Creek Watershed Source
Water Protection Plan," Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2007.
[10] "Delaware River Watershed Initiative," William Penn Foundation, 2014. [Online].
Available: http://www.drwi.net/middle-schuylkill. [Accessed 22 August 2017].
[11] Partnership for the Delaware Estuary and Stroud Water Research Center, "Lower
Maiden Creek Watershed Implementation Plan," William Penn Foundation,
Philadelphia, PA, 2017.
[12] Berks County Conservation District, "Maiden Creek Watershed Water Quality
Report," Berks County, PA, 2018.
[13] USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, "National Water Quality Initiative
Program," [Online]. Available:
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/water/?cid=stelprdb1047761
. [Accessed 18 February 2019].
[14] USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, "Maiden Creek Watershed
Assessment," 2019.
[15] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), "2000 National Water Quality
Inventory," Document EPA-841-R-02-001, 2002.
[16] Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, "Chapter §109.707 Emergency
Response Plan," 2018.
108501.0036 RAWA
66
[17] Lehigh University and Philadelphia Water Department, "Schuylkill River Watershed
Cryptosporidium Source Tracking," 2018.
[18] R. Jones, "Pennsylvania DEP Expects no Long-term Problems from Fuel Tanker Spill
Near Duncannon," 28 July 2010. [Online]. Available:
http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2010/07/dep_expects_no_long-
term_probl.html. [Accessed 11 August 2010].
[19] C. Kozacek, "Lake Erie Utilities and Organizations React to Algae Toxins in Drinking
Water," 7 August 2014. [Online]. Available:
http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2014/world/lake-erie-utilities-organizations-
react-algae-toxins-drinking-water/. [Accessed 29 January 2015].
[20] USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, "Farm Community Effort Leads to
Improved Drinking Water for Thousands," [Online]. Available:
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2018/03/16/farm-community-effort-leads-improved-
drinking-water-thousands. [Accessed 19 March 2018].
[21] "Berks County Water & Sewer Association," [Online]. Available:
https://www.albright.edu/about-albright/offices-departments/center-for-excellence-in-
local-government/bcwsa/. [Accessed 15 February 2018].
[22] West Virginia American Water Company (WVAWC), Direct communication
summarizing the January 9, 2014 Elk River Spill, 2018.
[23] Tom Beamer, Bill Hill, Brett Loski, "New Oxford Municipal Authority," Keystone
Tap, p. 24, Spring 2017.
[24] Maryann Mook, "Erie County, DEP unveil spill-response equipment," 14 April 2017.
[Online]. Available:
http://www.thecorryjournal.com/north_east_news_journal/news/article_e51ffa9e-
2044-11e7-9b87-c7e8d67023f4.html. [Accessed 25 September 2018].
Tables
Table 1-1
Source Water Protection Case Studies
Reading Area Water Authority
PWSID #3060059
Berks County, PA
Source Water Protection Technical Assistance Program
Community Type of Problem Response to Problem Costs
Willow Grove &
Warminster, PA
PFCs from firefighting
foam in groundwater
Redevelopment of land,
well testing &
remediation. Long term
actions needed
$27 million by Navy and
Air Force as of 2016
(ongoing) www.philly.com
Hanover, PA
Excess runoff from
fertilizer plant fire –
contaminated drinking
water and fish kill
Water system
shutdown, remediation
of ground and surface
waters
$10.5 million for
environmental cleanup,
and an undisclosed
settlement to PA Fish &
Boat Commission www.eveningsun.com
Charleston, WV
Coal washing
chemical, MCMH,
released into Elk River
Drinking water for
300,000 shut off for
days, state of
emergency in 9
counties, remediation
of surface water
$150 million settlement
to residents and
businesses plus cleanup
costs www.npr.org
Flint, MI
Corrosive water from
Flint River in an aged
water system causing
lead poisoning
Installation of water
filters, state of
emergency in Flint,
distribution of bottled
water, switch water
source back to Detroit,
replace water lines to
thousands of homes,
extensive investigations
and lawsuits
$16.4 million for initial
response, Congress
approves $170 million to
address ongoing issues. www.usnews.com
Tallahassee, FL TCE in groundwater Enhanced treatment
$2.5 million plus
$110,000 per year to
operate
Pittsfield, ME Landfill leachate in
groundwater
Replace supply,
remediation $1.5 million
Rouseville, PA Petroleum, chlorides
in groundwater Replace supply
$300,000+ (to date)
Atlanta, MI VOCs in groundwater Replace supply $500,000 - $600,000
Montgomery
County, MD
Solvent, Freon in
groundwater
Install county water
lines, provide free
water
$3 million plus
$45,000/year for 50 years
Milwaukee, WI Cryptosporidium in
drinking water
Upgrade water system;
immediate water utility,
city health dept. costs
$89 million to upgrade
system; millions in
immediate costs
Hereford, TX Fuel oil in
groundwater Replace supply $180,000
Coeur d’Alene,
ID TCE in groundwater Replace supply $500,000
Orange County
Water District,
CA
Nitrates, salts,
selenium, VOCs in
groundwater
Remediation, enhanced
treatment, replace
supply
$54 million capital costs
Source: www.lgean.org/html/pdf/154.pdf. Local Government Environmental Assistance Network.
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
1
MAIDEN CREEK
FILTRATION
PLANT
108 BERKLEY RD
READING PA 19605NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 564719 -75.9392 40.4281
NPDES:PA0051781, PA-
EFACTS:PA0051781, AST, UST, 1500
HZSUB, 500 HZSUB
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.05 0.05
2BERKS PRODUCTS
QUARRYOFF RT. 61
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 262670 -75.9392 40.4307
ACTIVE, MAIDEN CREEK DIS
DISCHARGE;ACTIVE, SEPTIC
DISCHARGE; AIR EMISS-DRILLING,
DEGREASERS,CRUSHING
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.14 0.14
3 RT. 61 BRIDGE RT. 61 & MAIDEN CREEKTransportation
Stream CrossingA 2007 A A A 0 -75.9384 40.4323
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.24 0.24
4
V & M TOWING
(FORMERLY
HERBERT W
HEFFNER
TRUCKING)
81 BERKLEY PARK RD
READING PA 19605
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 788317 -75.9376 40.4320
PROCESSING FACILITY, UST, AST,
DIESL, USDOL
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.28 0.28
5ONTELAUNEE
TWP MS4
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 613085 -75.9361 40.4331
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-MUNICIPAL
DISCHARGE POINT
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.40 0.40
6 RR TIES RT. 612007 Field
VerificationA 2007 B B B 0 -75.9360 40.4299
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.53 0.53
7EJB PAVING &
MATERIALS
ROUTE 61 & 73
LEESPORT PA 19533Residual Waste A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 505153 -75.9475 40.4328
INACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITY,
8000 DIESL, AST
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 0.54 0.54
8WILEYS BRIDGE
LEAD SITE
INTERSECTION OF
BOWERS RD AND
WILEYS LANE READING
PA 19605
Superfund -
CERCLISA S M H H H H H H 2019 A 0 -75.9267 40.4396 SEMS:PAN000303646
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.18 1.18
9RAWA ZINC
INJECTION SITE 2
5064 POTTSVILLE PIKE
REAR READING PA 19605Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 565060 -75.9452 40.4393 500gal HZSUB
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.27 1.27
10BERKS PRODUCTS
ONTELAUNEE
ROUTE 61 & 73
LEESPORT PA 19533Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 565121 -75.9457 40.4397
540gal HZSUB, PA-EFACTS, EPA, AIR,
PAEFACTS
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.27 1.27
11
BLUE FALLS
GROVE WATER
PARK
NEAR BOWERS LANE2007 Field
VerificationA 2007 C C C 0 -75.9264 40.4408
Currently out of business 2/2014; Former
BOWERS WATER PARK
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.32 1.32
12
NEW ENTERPRISE
STONE & LIME CO
INC LEESPORT
QUARRY
5344 POTTSVILLE PIKE
READING PA 19605-9727
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 742658 -75.9469 40.4383
ACTIVE, SEPTIC, NPDES DISCH
POINT, SURF MINE; RES WASTE PRO
FAC; AIRS/AFS, PA-EFACTS, IND MIN
MINE
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.33 1.33
13 RUTTER'S #81
15 NEW ENTERPRISE
DRIVE LEESPORT PA
19533
NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.9472 40.4394 NPDES:PAC060149
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.34 1.34
Point Source Potential Sources of Contamination - August 2019
Reading Area Water Authority
Berks County, PA
Table 4-1
Page 1 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
14
LIBERTY EXCAV
INC/BERKS PROD
ONTELAUNEE
167 BERKS PRODUCTS
DR LEESPORT PA 19533-
8686
EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2019 C 0 -75.9483 40.4374 PA-EFACTS:23-2023985-14
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.42 1.42
15ERNEST MARTIN
ON FARM
SLATER RD BERKLY PA
19605Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 565435 -75.9208 40.4406 8000gal HO, AST, DIESL
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 1.85 1.85
16 RT. 73 BRIDGE RT. 73 & MAIDEN CREEKTransportation
Stream CrossingA 2007 A A A 0 -75.9313 40.4470
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 0.01 0.01
17MAIDEN CREEK
TWP MS4
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 613112 -75.9113 40.4453
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-MUNICIPAL
DISCHARGE POINT
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
MAIDENCREEK 2.16 2.16
18ONTELAUNEE
TWP MS4
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 613085 -75.9386 40.4428
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-MUNICIPAL
DISCHARGE POINT
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 2.26 2.26
19
SCHUYLKILL
VALLEY HIGH
SCHOOL STADIUM
IMPROVEMENTS
929 LAKESHORE DRIVE
LEESPORT PA 19533NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.9414 40.4421 NPDES:PAC060036
MAIDEN
CREEK
INTAKE
ONTELAUNEE 2.42 2.42
20MAIDEN CREEK
TWP MS4
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 613112 -75.9136 40.4494
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-MUNICIPAL
DISCHARGE POINT
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 0.65 *not calculated
21
SCHUYLKILL
VALLEY
INTERMEDIATE
SCH
ONTELAUNEE DR
LEESPORT PA 19533Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 565101 -75.9437 40.4498 10000gal HO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 0.78 *not calculated
22
ASHLEY
FURNITURE IND
INC
45 ASHLEY WAY
LEESPORT PA 19533NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.9438 40.4496
NPDES, OSHA-OIS, PA-EFACTS,
RCRAINFO, ACT, HAZ GEN CAPTIVE,
EPA, EFACTS, CAP HAZ WASTE, RES
WASTE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 0.78 *not calculated
23RAWA - LAKE
ONTELAUNEE
64 KINDT CORNER RD
SHOEMAKERSVILLE PA
19555
NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.9399 40.4590NPDES:PAG153503, PA-
EFACTS:PAG153503
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 0.87 *not calculated
24KV MUSHROOMS
INC
1023 OLD
SHOEMAKERSVILLE RD
SHOEMAKERSVILLE PA
19555
Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 565560 -75.9354 40.4655 8000gal HOLAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 1.04 129.30
25
READING AREA
WATH AUTH
LANDFILL
RESIDUAL WASTE
LANDFILLNPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.9113 40.4716 NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 1.39 *not calculated
27
NEDRA KOLLER
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 540649 -75.9319 40.4686 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 1.45 129.71
28 MATERION SHOEMAKERSVILLE RD Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 450819 -75.9473 40.4761
2-4900 Gal OTHER, 2-1250 Gal HZSUB,
4200 Gal HZSUB, 4950 Gal HZSUB;
Previously BRUSH WELLMAN
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEONTELAUNEE 1.91 130.17
29RAIL CROSSING -
PETERS CREEKPETERS CREEK
Railroad Stream
CrossingA 2007 B B B 0 -75.9008 40.4627
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 1.91 *not calculated
Page 2 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
30
UNNAMED
DOLOMITE
QUARRY
Industrial
Mineral MiningA S H H H MH H H H 2007 B B B 0 -75.9058 40.4598
Inactive; Remant quarry pit 2007 field ver-
suggested rank B
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.04 *not calculated
31LEHIGH CEMENT
EVANSVILLE PLT
537 EVANSVILLE RD,
FLEETWOOD, PA, 19522
Storage Tank
CleanupA S M H H H H H H 2007, 2014 B A A 0 -75.8942 40.4717
UST-PetroL, Inactive; IND MIN MINING,
SURF MINE;NPDES DISCH-MAIDEN
CREEK;AIR EMISS; EPA-TRIS, RCRA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.28 *not calculated
32
UNLIMITED
GREEN AMERICA
INC FLEETWOOD
MAIDENCREEK
1246 MAIDENCREEK
ROAD FLEETWOOD PA
19522
EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2019 C 23539 -75.8942 40.4657 PA-EFACTS:NNOEXSC172LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.50 *not calculated
33RUFF EDGE
FARMSPO BOX 69 EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2014 C C 0 -75.9225 40.4802 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.50 28.27
34
MONEYS FOODS
VLASIC FARMS
MUSHROOM
FARM
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 252717 -75.8936 40.4658
INACTIVE, INDUSTRIAL WASTE
PRODUCTION SERVICE UNIT; AIR
EMISS-COMBUST UNIT, BOILER
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.52 *not calculated
35
JOJAZ YARD
WASTE COMPOST
SITE
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 611319 -75.8924 40.4651 COMPOSTING
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.59 *not calculated
36CUSTOM MILLING
& CONSULTING1246 MAIDENCREEK RD Residual Waste A S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 646161 -75.8933 40.4657
ACTIVE, GENERATOR; EPA REG-HAZ
WASTE RCRA, PA-EFACTS,
RCRAINFO, TSCA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.59 *not calculated
37 REDI CYCLE LLC Residual Waste A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 835695 -75.8898 40.4639 ACTIVE, TRANSFER STATIONLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.62 *not calculated
38
ZWICKY
MAIDENCREEK
QUARRY &
RECYCLING
BUENA VISTA ROAD
NEAR WATER STREET
Industrial
Mineral MiningA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 625727 -75.8914 40.4800
RECLAMATION COMPLETED,
SURFACE MINE; MUNI WASTE; AIR
EMISS; EPA REG-PA-EFACTS RANK C
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.64 *not calculated
39HEFFNER FARM 2
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 648144 -75.9389 40.4903 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 2.81 30.26
40ECKMAN ZWICKY
RESTORATION
220 BUENA VISTA ROAD
FLEETWOOD PA 19522-
8533
NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 23491 -75.8870 40.4812 NPDES:PAC060207, EPA, PA-EFACTSLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 2.99 *not calculated
41
ELEANOR HAFER
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 540648 -75.9083 40.4925 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 3.11 26.74
42MAIDENCREEK
PLAZA
100 PLAZA DRIVE
BLANDON PA 19510-9475NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 6503 -75.8910 40.4532 NPDES:PAC060155
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 3.19 *not calculated
43VENEZIA
HAULING
500 EVANSVILLE RD,
FLEETWOOD, PA,
Storage Tank
CleanupA S M H H H H H H 2014 A A 0 -75.8845 40.4703 AST, Cleanup Completed
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 3.22 *not calculated
44
GLORIA GERHARD
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 540565 -75.9144 40.4911 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 3.40 27.04
45Rich Maiden Golf
course
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 452367 -75.8758 40.4786
ACTIVE, GR WATER RCH
DISCHARGE; GOLF COURSE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 3.55 *not calculated
Page 3 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
46Pleasant Hill Golf
Course1302 PLEASANT HILL RD
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 452362 -75.8741 40.4733
ACTIVE, GROUND RECHARGE
DISCHARGE; GOLF COURSE; EPA
REG-PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAIDENCREEK 3.68 *not calculated
47
ESTHER
ZIMMERMAN
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 540647 -75.9072 40.5061 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.01 27.64
48
IVAN
ZIMMERMAN
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 707093 -75.8892 40.5111 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.07 13.10
49
NATL EARTH
PROD MOLL PROP
QUARRY
Industrial
Mineral MiningA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 449167 -75.8700 40.4931 INACTIVE, SURFACE MINE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 4.10 *not calculated
50
DANIEL RAY
PENNELL
TRUCKING
KEIR RD PERRYOPOLIS
PA 15473Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 574856 -75.8866 40.5137 1000gal DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.14 13.17
51 SITE 29 RIDGE B
365 STONE HILL RD
SHOEMAKERSVILLE PA
19555-9448
Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 564957 -75.9295 40.5011 290gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.36 27.99
52
H & K CONCRETE
HARVEY GEORGE
CONCRETE MFG
PLT VIRGINVILLE
Air Emission
PlantA S M L H MH H M H 2014 B B 521675 -75.8748 40.5256
PROCESS, READY MIX CONCRETE
PLT; AST- DIESL RANK C
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.43 13.47
53RAHNS CONST
MATERIAL
207 MAIN ST
VIRGINVILLE PA 19564Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 694824 -75.8735 40.5247 3000gal DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 4.48 13.51
54QUAIL RIDGE
FARM CAFO
1211 MOSLEM SPRINGS
RDEPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2014 C C 0 -75.9146 40.5061 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.50 28.13
55GILARONE & SON
MFG
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 443511 -75.8703 40.5211 ACTIVE, SEPTIC DISCHARGE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 4.68 13.72
56
RICHMOND
TOWNSHIP-
VIRGINVILLE
WWTP
FIRST STREET
VIRGINVILLE PA 19564NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.8700 40.5200
NPDES:PA0260975, PA-
EFACTS:PA0260975
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 4.73 13.77
57
MIL JOY FARM 1
SITE 3 BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530624 -75.8819 40.5308 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.83 13.87
58
RON WEYER
FARM C
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530623 -75.8897 40.5219 INACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.85 13.89
59
PAUL CHRISTMAN
FARM 1
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530614 -75.9181 40.5139 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 4.94 28.58
60 RT. 662 BRIDGERT. 662 & MOSELEM
CREEK
Transportation
Stream CrossingA 2007 A A A 0 -75.8501 40.4994
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 4.96 14.00
Page 4 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
61
YOUSE RES
WASTEWATER
DISCHARGE
236 HARD HILL RD
HAMBURG PA 19526NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 A B B 0 -75.8658 40.5106
NPDES, PA-EFACTS, PCS; 2007 FIELD
VER
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 5.01 14.05
62
RON WEYER
FARM B
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530621 -75.8897 40.5275 INACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.09 14.12
63
STEVE BASHORE
REMODELING &
BUILDING
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 812170 -75.9081 40.5167 PROCESSING FACILITY
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.11 14.15
64ART LUFT FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530619 -75.9003 40.5219 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.12 14.15
65SUNDAY FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 251973 -75.8586 40.5278
ACTIVE, LAND APPLICATION;
BENEFICIAL LAND USE-ACTIVE
BIOSOLIDS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 5.16 14.20
66
RON WEYER
FARM A
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530620 -75.8897 40.5331 INACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.26 14.30
67
ERNEST MILLER
MIL-JOY FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 252920 -75.9083 40.5236
ACTIVE, LAND APPLICATION;
BENEFICIAL LAND USE-ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.45 14.49
68CHRISTMAN LAKE
STP140 CHRISTMAN RD NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 0 -75.8849 40.5439 NPDES, PA-EFACTS, PCS, 2007 field ver
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 5.46 14.50
69FLIPPIN FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 728995 -75.8411 40.5008 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 5.47 14.51
70
CHARLES S
COLEMAN WOOD
PROC FAC
Residual Waste A S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 241170 -75.8800 40.5497 ACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITYLAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 5.48 14.51
71 SFS HORLACHER147 SEIGER RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.8541 40.5152
NPDES:PA0261947, PA-
EFACTS:PA0261947
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 5.51 14.55
72
STANLEY
DERSTINE FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530628 -75.9161 40.5206 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.55 14.58
73JOHN M HILL
MACH CO233 FARVIEW RD
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
A S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 716424 -75.8999 40.5289ACTIVE; EPA REG HAZ WASTE-
RCRA, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.60 14.64
74 PHARES W FRY210 VIRGINVILLE RD
HAMBURG PA 19526-8608Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 564573 -75.8965 40.5329 4000gal DIESL, GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.69 14.72
75KEHL BROS FARM
2 BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 529677 -75.8839 40.5522 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 5.71 14.75
76RICHMOND TWP
MS411 KEHL DR EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2014 C C 0 -75.8415 40.4893 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 5.76 14.80
77
MIL JOY FARM 1
(SITES 1& 2)
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530625 -75.9067 40.5303 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 5.95 14.98
Page 5 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
78
KEHL HOME
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 758011 -75.8358 40.4914 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 6.03 15.06
79
MIL JOY FARM 1
(SITES 1& 2)
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530625 -75.9014 40.5361 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 6.11 15.15
80 CHRISTMAN LDFLMunicipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 240368 -75.8925 40.5492 INACTIVE, LANDFILL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 6.13 15.16
81HEFFNER FARM 3
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 707179 -75.8286 40.4922 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 6.13 15.17
82
DENNIS
CHRISTMAN
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 530642 -75.8931 40.5494 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 6.14 15.18
83Fairview Greens Golf
CourseGolf Course A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 0 -75.9150 40.5292
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEPERRY 6.25 15.29
84
CONTEL PA QS
NEW SMITHVILLE
CT 186
T 852 & LR39082
LENHARTSVILLE PA
19534
Storage Tank A S M H H MH H H H 2019 B 580320 -75.8798 40.5703 500gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 6.32 15.35
85
HEALTH CTR AT
MOSELEM
SPRINGS
14351 KUTZTOWN RDMunicipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 454975 -75.8385 40.4861
ACTIVE, MUNICIPAL WASTE
GENERATOR; EPA REG PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 6.39 15.43
86
WALBERT
FUNERAL HOME
FLEETWOOD
14390 KUTZTOWN RD
FLEETWOOD PA 19522-
8761
Air Emission
PlantA S M L H MH H M H 2019 B 769240 -75.8367 40.4858
FUEL MATERIAL LOC, NATURAL
GAS PIPELINE, PROPANE TANK; AIR-
HUMAN CREMATOR, EPA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 6.40 15.43
87Berkleigh Golf Club
Golf Course
14623 Kutztown Road
Kutztown PA
Water Resource
DischargeA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 444072 -75.8220 40.4980
ACTIVE, GR WATER RCH
DISCHARGE; GOLF COURSE; EPA
REGULATED
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 6.46 15.49
88SEIDEL FARMS
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 718845 -75.9083 40.5500 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 6.48 15.51
89HAROLD ADAM
GARBAGE COResidual Waste A S M H H MH H H H 2015 B B 0 -75.9084 40.5427
Trash hauling; Same site as a William Penn
project sampling location; Added October
2015
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWINDSOR 6.52 15.55
90 BRUNO PROPMunicipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 757392 -75.8802 40.5740 ACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITY
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 6.53 15.56
91TREICHLER FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 724747 -75.8369 40.5422 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 6.68 15.72
92 I-78 BRIDGE I-78 & MAIDEN CREEKTransportation
Stream CrossingA 2007 A A A 0 -75.8870 40.5764
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 6.76 15.79
93LENHARTSVILLE
GARAGE
90 PENN ST,
LENHARTSVILLE, PA
19534
Storage Tank
CleanupA S M H H H H H H 2007, 2014 D A A 0 -75.8885 40.5724
FRMR SUNOCO; UST-Petrol, Interim or
Rem Actions Init; MUNI WASTE-PROC
FAC; USTs; EPA REG-RANK C
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELENHARTSVILLE 6.76 15.79
94LENHARTSVILLE
BORO WWTP
39 WEST PENN ST.
LENHARTSVILLENPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 0 -75.8904 40.5747 NPDES, PCS; 2007 FEILD VER
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELENHARTSVILLE 6.86 15.89
Page 6 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
95
LEHIGH CEMENT
RICHMOND 5
QUARRY
Industrial
Mineral MiningA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 256045 -75.8197 40.5094
ACTIVE, SURFACE MINE, NPDES
DISCHARGE POINT; AIR EMISS-
NONMETALLIC MIN
MINING&PROCESSING
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 7.17 16.20
96
KEHL BROS FARM
3A &3B BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 529716 -75.8858 40.5867 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.40 16.43
97
TODD BENJAMIN
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 691807 -75.9011 40.5850 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.46 16.49
98KUTZTOWN AUTO
CO
ROUTE 222 & CRYSTAL
CAVE RD KUTZTOWN
PA 19530
Storage Tank
CleanupA S M H H H H H H 2019 A 579785 -75.8053 40.5049
Interim or Remedial Actions Initiated,
ULGAS, 10000 HO, 1000 GAS, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 7.48 16.52
99
PLUSHANSKI
FARMS DAIRY
CAFO
166 RAHN RDWater Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 618301 -75.8375 40.5619
ACTIVE, CONCENTRATED ANIMAL
FEED OPERATION STORAGE UNIT;
EPA REG-NPDES PERMIT, PCS, PA-
EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.51 16.55
100 KAREN KUHNS 1685 ROUTE 143 NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8890 40.5910 NPDES, PCSLAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.64 16.68
101KEHL BROS FARM
4 BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 493624 -75.8633 40.5839 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.68 16.71
102
SAUCONY CREEK
BREWING
COMPANY, LLC
15032 KUTZTOWN ROAD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2019 C 0 -75.7975 40.5014 OSHA-OIS:340476290
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 7.73 16.76
103KUNKELS SAW &
MOWER15031 KUTZTOWN RD EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2014 C C 0 -75.7975 40.5015 ICIS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 7.75 16.78
104
MENTE
CHEVROLET
OLDSMOBILE INC
15032 KUTZTOWN RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9275
Storage Tank A S M H H M H H H 2019 C 512554 -75.7970 40.5016 1000gal GAS, USDOL, NMO, USTLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 7.76 16.79
105
GST
AUTOLEATHER
FLEETWOOD PLT
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 245003 -75.8186 40.5472
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-
INDUSTRIAL, DISCHARGE POINT
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.91 16.94
106JERRY SEASER &
DAWN O'NEILL
CHURCH HILL &
KOHLER HILL RDSNPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8487 40.5720 NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 7.98 17.02
107BLUE ROCKS
CAMPGROUND341 SOUSLEY RD EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.9090 40.5920 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 8.11 17.14
108HAMPTON INN &
SUITES
15080 KUTZTOWN ROAD
MAXATAWNY,
TOWNSHIP OF PA 19530
NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7919 40.5048 NPDES:PAD060012LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.22 17.25
109AUTOZONE STORE
#6799
15100 KUTZTOWN ROAD
MAXATAWNY PA 19530NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7900 40.5059 NPDES:PAD060005
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.22 17.26
110ROBIN HILL
CAMPGROUND149 ROBIN HILL ROAD NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8569 40.5878 NPDES, PA-EFACTS, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 8.34 17.37
Page 7 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
111CARL M WEBER
STEEL SVCROUTE 737 N
Storage Tank
CleanupB S M H H H H H H 2007, 2014 D A B 0 -75.7833 40.5317
2-UST-Petrol, inactive; 2 ACTIVE AST-
GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.47 17.51
112MAXATAWNY
TWP MUNI AUTHKRUMSVILLE RD NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7867 40.5307 NPDES, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.53 17.57
113
KUTZTOWN
QUARRY AND
PLANT(BERKS
PROD)
Industrial
Mineral MiningA S H H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 262666 -75.7813 40.5020
ACTIVE, SURFACE MINE,
DISCHARGE POINT; AIR EMISS;
STONE CRUSH PLT; WATER RES
DISCHARGE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.53 17.57
114
DIETRICH/BAVER
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 676436 -75.8361 40.5714 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 8.60 17.63
115 ELGIN CARTAGE
892 OLD 22
LENHARTSVILLE PA
19534
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565508 -75.8251 40.5794 10000gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 8.65 17.69
116
KUTZTOWN MUN.
SEW. TREAT.
PLANT
211 W MAIN STWater Resource
DischargeB M H H M MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 452165 -75.7823 40.5280
ACTIVE, KUTZTOWN BORO MUN
AUTH-SAUCONY CR DISCHARGE;
AST; EPA REG-NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 8.73 17.77
117SAUCONY DRY
CLNR
RT. 737 & FAIRVIEW
DRIVE KUTZTOWNEPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2007, 2014 B D D 0 -75.7817 40.5228
AIRS/AFS, PA-EFACTS; 2007 FIELD
VER
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 8.95 17.98
118
BALDY-LYONS
69KV REBUILD
PROJECT
MERTZ ROAD LYONS,
BOROUGH OF PA 19522NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7847 40.4817 NPDES:PAD060008
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 8.96 18.00
119
BERKS PROD
KUTZTOWN
QUARRY
654 S BALDY ROAD EPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2014 C C 0 -75.7785 40.4972 AIRS/AFS, PA-EFACTSLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.05 18.09
120KEMPTON ROD &
GUN CLUB163 PINE CREEK ROAD EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.8857 40.6147 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 9.08 18.12
121GINNY
ALTENDERFER245 GREENWICH STREET NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7794 40.5208 NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.09 18.13
122
MCCONWAY &
TORLEY CORP
IRON FOUNDRY
230 RAILROAD ST.
Toxics Release
Inventory B M M H M H M H H 2007, 2014 B A A 502696 -75.7785 40.5220
TRIS, NPDES, RCRA, EIS; IND DIS PT;
AIR EMISS; Res Waste-active landfill;
WTR POL CTRL; AST-DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.09 18.13
123
HAWK VALLEY
LANDSCAPE
MATERIALS
Residual Waste B M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 823073 -75.8864 40.6128 ACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITYLAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 9.16 18.19
124HENRYS FROZEN
FOOD
111 E MAIN ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1526
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565548 -75.7749 40.5208 3000gal OTHER, 2000 OTHERLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.27 18.30
125 DUNKIN DONUTS
110 E MAIN ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1515
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 579600 -75.7748 40.5207
Cleanup Completed, ULGAS, 8000 GAS,
4000 GAS, 3000 GAS, 550 USDOL,
10000 GAS, 120000 DIESL, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.27 18.31
126KUTZTOWN BORO
SUBSTA
105 RAILROAD ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1114
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 455310 -75.7758 40.5210 550gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.29 18.32
127ST JOHNS EVAN
LUTH CH
201 E MAIN ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1516
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565413 -75.7741 40.5217 10000gal HOLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.34 18.38
Page 8 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
128MAJOR
PETROLEUM CO
65 WILLOW ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 0 -75.7731 40.5193 RCRAINFO:PAD086730835
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.35 18.38
129SCHEIDT &
PRINTZ
70 BIEBER ALY
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1701
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564851 -75.7752 40.5163 280gal GASLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.41 18.44
130
EAST PENN MFG.
CO. INC.
KUTZTOWN WIRE
& CABLE BATT
PLT
191 WILLOW ST.Toxics Release
InventoryB M M H M H M H H 2007, 2014 B A A 480836 -75.7721 40.5188
AIRS/AFS, EIS, NEI, NPDES, PA-
EFACTS, PCS, RCRAINFO, TRIS, TSCA;
WTR POL CTRL-IND DIS PT; AIR
EMISS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.43 18.47
131
SR 0078 SECTION
12M
RECONSTRUCTIO
N
I-78 TILDEN, TOWNSHIP
OF PA 19526NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.8117 40.5777 NPDES:PAD060011
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 9.44 18.48
132 KUTZTOWN ELEM
NORMAL AVE &
CONSTITUTION BLVD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565091 -75.7723 40.5151 6000gal HOLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.46 18.50
133RENTSCHLERS
BAKERY INC
245 E WALNUT ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564797 -75.7742 40.5232 280gal GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.48 18.51
134BIEBER CARL R
INC TOURWAYS320 FAIR STREET
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2007, 2014 A B B 0 -75.7811 40.5159
UST-Petrol, Complete; Interim or Rem
Actions Init; CAP HAZ WASTE; EPA
REG HAZ WASTE RCRA, NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.48 18.51
135KUTZTOWN CTL
OFC
41 HERRING ALY
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1630
Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 565002 -75.7772 40.5159 550gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.48 18.52
136BAUSCHER FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2019 C 820641 -75.8364 40.5930 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 9.49 18.53
137 SHORT PROP8 MI N OF KUTZTOWN
KUTZTOWN PA 19530
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 579523 -75.7874 40.5248
Interim or Remedial Actions Initiated; UST-
DIESL, FO2, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.49 18.53
138KUTZTOWN
ARMORY390 COLLEGE BLVD
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 505745 -75.7864 40.5169 ACTIVE; EPA REG HAZ WASTE-RCRALAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.50 18.54
139ALBANY
TOWNSHIP2451 ROUTE 143 NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8647 40.6232
NPDES, PCS; UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK-GAS, DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 9.51 18.55
140
KEN & EARL
SMITH ROOFING
SHOP
80 HERRING ALY
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1630
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564880 -75.7767 40.5153 550gal GASLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.52 18.55
141
A420110001LAT/LO
NG POINT IS OF
SAMPLING INLET
KUTZTOWN
UNIVERSITY - GRIM
SCIENCE BLDG
KUTZTOWN PA 17067
EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7861 40.5111 AIRS/AQS:13463LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.53 18.56
142
LEHIGH VALLEY
HEALTH
NETWORK
KUTZTOWN
KUTZTOWN PA 0 EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7889 40.5117 EIS:16141111LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.53 18.56
143HEFFNER FARM 1
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseA S M H H M H H H 2014 C C 649697 -75.7844 40.4739 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 9.53 18.56
Page 9 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
144CUTTING EDGE
THE220 S MAPLE ST
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 506504 -75.7706 40.5194ACTIVE; EPA REG- HAZ WASTE
RCRA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.55 18.58
145KUTZTOWN BORO
YARD WASTE FAC
Municipal
WasteB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 833768 -75.7887 40.5254 COMPOSTING
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.56 18.59
146 KELCHNER CLNRS 234 WHITE OAK STStorage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2007, 2014 D B B 564569 -75.7770 40.5145
UST-Petroleum, Inactive; EPA REG HAZ
WASTE-RCRA, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.56 18.60
147 MT ZION LUTH CHRR 2 BOX 94 KUTZTOWN
PA 19530Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565513 -75.7731 40.5278 10000gal HO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.57 18.60
148MAXATAWNY
ELEM
RR 1 BOX 444
KUTZTOWN PA 19530Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 455381 -75.7731 40.5278 6000gal HO; SFDW, EPA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.57 18.60
149BERKS PROD
KUTZTOWN PLT80 S WILLOW ST
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 451470 -75.7689 40.5178
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-IND DISCH
PT; EPA REG-HAZ WASTE-RCRA, PA-
EFACTS, RCRAINFO, NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.61 18.65
150AUTO BODY
SOLUTIONS
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 507186 -75.7600 40.5303 ACTIVELAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.61 18.65
151 KEMPTON EXCAV ROUTE 143 Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 564747 -75.8635 40.6235 2000 Gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 9.64 18.67
152
COLLEGE HTS
OBSTETRICAL &
GYN ASSN
333 NORMAL AVE
KUTZTOWN PA 19530
Municipal
WasteB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 675268 -75.7775 40.5134
PROCESSING FACILITY, MUNICIPAL
WASTE GENERATOR
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.65 18.68
153CARL A LOBB
SLUDGE SITE
Municipal
WasteB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 248591 -75.7917 40.5250 INACTIVE, LAND APPLICATION
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.67 18.70
154RAIL CROSSING -
MAIDEN CREEKMAIDEN CREEK
Railroad Stream
CrossingB 2007 B B B 0 -75.8568 40.6215
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 9.67 18.71
155MULTICELL
NORTH, INC.
240 BROAD ST.
KUTZTOWN PA 19530EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7694 40.5200 OSHA-OIS:340721075
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.70 18.74
156LUKE Z MARTIN
REPAIRS780 SEEM DR
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7716 40.5310 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.78 18.81
157 KUTZTOWN UNIVINTERLITEN RD-GRIM
SCIENCE BLDG
Municipal
WasteB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 508734 -75.7825 40.5119
AIR EMISS-FUEL MAT, COAL BIN,
COMB UNIT, NAT GAS PIPE, EPA REG-
AIRS/AQUA, AIRS/AFS, EIS, NEI, ICIS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.80 18.84
158HALDEMAN FORD
OF KUTZTOWN531 E MAIN ST
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 512550 -75.7692 40.5264ACTIVE; EPA REG- HAZ WASTE
RCRA, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.84 18.88
159 RITE AID NO 1116923 N ELM ST KUTZTOWN
PA 19530
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 0 -75.7679 40.5274
BR:PAR000541359, PA-
EFACTS:PAR000541359,
RCRAINFO:PAR000541359
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.86 18.89
160KUTZTOWN
MANOR INC
120 TREXLER AVE
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9707
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565022 -75.7715 40.5126 275gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 9.89 18.92
Page 10 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
161
MOYER
PLUMBING &
HEATING
MAXATAWNY
TOWNSHIP ROAD T616,
KUTZTOWN, PA, 19530
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2014 B B 0 -75.7654 40.5217
UST-Petroleum, Cleanup Completed;
AST&UST ranked C; EPA REG ICIS
RANKED D
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.97 19.01
162CLIFFORD HILL
SANI SVC
Municipal
WasteA S M H H MH H H H 2014 B B 240462 -75.7676 40.5012
ACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITY,
TRANSFER STATION, USTs
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 9.99 19.03
163RS SERVICES
LENHARTSVILLE
Air Emission
PlantB M M L M MH M L L 2019 D 822785 -75.8014 40.5760 PROCESS, PORTABLE CRUSHER
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 10.02 19.05
164STERILOGIC
WASTE SYS
9948 KISTLER VALLEY
RD BOX 84
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8533 40.6255 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.02 19.06
165
KRUMSVILLE
ROAD
CONVENIENCE
STORE
1497 KRUMSVILLE ROAD
LENHARTSVILLE PA
19534
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.8004 40.5764 NPDES:PAC060152LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 10.04 19.07
166KUTZTOWN FIRE
CO
310 NOBLE ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
1720
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565557 -75.7737 40.5129280gal GAS, 550 DIESL, 8000 HO, ICIS,
EPA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEKUTZTOWN 10.04 19.08
167BOYESEN ENG
ENGINE MFGResidual Waste B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 451422 -75.7966 40.5799
ACTIVE, GENERATOR; WATER
RESOURCE DISCHARGE-SEPTIC; EPA
REGULATED-HAZ WASTE-RCRA, PA-
EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 10.14 19.17
168
SFS BUNNER,
LINDA & ROBT
MICHAEL
949 BENNICOFF RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7528 40.5536
NPDES:PAG043512, PA-
EFACTS:PAG043512
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.14 19.17
169 CROSSROAD X
1600 KRUMSVILLE ROAD
LENHARTSVILLE PA
19534
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7976 40.5835 NPDES:PAC060022LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 10.20 19.23
170KRUMSVILLE
AUTO BODYRHODES RD
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7942 40.5805 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 10.23 19.27
171
FLEETWOOD
LYONS PIPELINE
PROJECT PHASE II
DEKA RD AND
FLEETWOOD LYONS
ROAD LYONS PA19536
NPDES Permit A S H H H MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7672 40.4776 NPDES:PAD060006LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 10.24 19.28
172
KEYSTONE
SOCCER FIELD
TURF
CONVERSION -
KUTZTOWN
UNIVERSITY
427 BALDY ROAD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7772 40.5097 NPDES:PAC060156
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.25 19.28
173 EAST BLDG PROD
600 NOBLE ST
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9734
Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 521397 -75.7701 40.5068 275gal GAS, 550 DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.33 19.37
174TREGA ALUM
MFG
Water Resource
DischargeB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 444546 -75.8547 40.6353 ACTIVE, ON LOT SEPTIC DISCHARGE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.37 19.41
175HAWK MTN BED &
BREAKFAST
223 STONY RUN VALLEY
RDNPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8303 40.6074 NPDES, PA-EFACTS, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.59 19.62
Page 11 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
176
ADVANTAGE
POINT
APARTMENTS
BALDY ROAD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7771 40.5047 NPDES:PAC060136
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.67 19.70
177 WAYNE WESSNER
529 LONG LANE RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9325
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564547 -75.7409 40.5474 10000gal GAS, DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.67 19.71
178EAST PENN
MANUFACTURING
68 DEKA RD LYON
STATION PA 19536
Land Recycling
CleanupA S M H H MH H H H 2007, 2014 B A A 444337 -75.7620 40.4734
SOIL & GW; ST CLEANUP-petrol,
complete; WTR POL CNTRL; COMM
HAZ WASTE; EPA REG-TRIS, RCRA,
NPDES
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 10.67 19.71
179
RAIL CROSSING -
SAUCONY CREEK
TRIB
SAUCONY CREEK TRIBRailroad Stream
CrossingB 2007 B B B 0 -75.7457 40.5200
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.68 19.72
180
A420110003LAT/LO
N POINT IS OF
SAMPLING INLET
HEFFNER AND DEKA
ROAD NOT IN A CITY PAEPA Regulated A S H M H M H H H 2019 C 0 -75.7640 40.4683 AIRS/AQS:13465
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 10.73 19.76
181WHISPERING
PINES FARM CAFO
Water Pollution
ControlA S H H H MH H H H 2014 B B 675187 -75.7761 40.4761
ACTIVE, CONCENTRATED ANIMAL
FEED OPERATION STORAGE UNIT,
DISCHARGE POINT
LAKE
ONTELAUNEERICHMOND 10.73 19.76
182JAMES & SANDRA
ADAMS RES
RR 2 BOX 213, 750 HAWK
MT RDNPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.9166 40.6304 NPDES, PA-EFACTS, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.75 19.78
183HAWK MOUNTAIN
ROAD STP
HAWK MOUNTAIN
ROAD ALBANY TWP PA
19528
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 192 -75.9169 40.6303 NPDES:PA0086169LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.77 19.80
184SCHADLER LAND
DEVELOPMENT
LONG LANE ROAD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7422 40.5500 NPDES:PAC060050
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.78 19.81
185
PIPELINE
CROSSING -
SAUCONY CREEK
SAUCONY CREEKPipeline Stream
CrossingB 2007 D D D 0 -75.7529 40.4994
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.81 19.85
186HOSFELDS GEN
STORE
MAIN ST STONY RUN PA
19557Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564857 -75.8330 40.6207 2000gal GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.88 19.91
187
DOUG
ROBERTSON
ENTERPRISES
RR 2 BOX 174 KEMPTON
PA 19529Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 564965 -75.8370 40.6343 550gal DIESL, 300 GAS, 300 USDOL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.89 19.92
188
HAWK MTN
SANCTUARY
ASSN
RR 2 BOX 191 KEMPTON
PA 19529Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 455894 -75.8370 40.6343 1000gal GAS, 550 DIESL, AST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 10.89 19.92
189JOHN
ENGLEHARDT
128 DEER RUN RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9417
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565383 -75.7511 40.5672 2000gal HOLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.94 19.97
190KUTZTOWN
AGWAY15380 KUTZTOWN RD EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7486 40.5333 ICIS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.98 20.01
191GOLDEN BEAR
RESTAURANT
15382 KUTZTOWN RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7486 40.5332
SFDW:PA3060582, SFDW:PA3060582
301
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 10.98 20.02
Page 12 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
192
ARROWHEAD
BUSINESS &
INDUSTRIAL PARK
LONG LANE KUTZTOWN
PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7367 40.5389 NPDES:PAC060130
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.13 20.17
193 WESSNER BROS118-120 WESSNER RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565644 -75.7364 40.5530 10000gal DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.18 20.22
194RUTTER'S STORE
#92
15475 WEST KUTZTOWN
ROAD KUTZTOWN,
BOROUGH OF PA 19530
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7371 40.5358 NPDES:PAC060181LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.30 20.33
195
RESPONSIBLE
RECYCLING SVC
LLC
805 TOMAHAWK DR Residual Waste B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 768534 -75.7341 40.5404ACTIVE, PROCESSING FACILITY; EPA
REG HAZ WASTE-RCRA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.35 20.38
196ROBERTSONS
RENOVATIONS
HAWK MOUNTAIN RD
KEMPTON PA 19529Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 565000 -75.9315 40.6319 300gal GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 11.38 20.42
197FRANK CASILIO &
SONS INC
210 HINTERLEITER RD-
KUTZTOWN CONCRETE
PLT
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7322 40.5182 NPDES, PCSLAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.38 20.42
198WINKLER FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2019 C 836285 -75.7612 40.4950 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.41 20.45
199 XODE INC 15519 KUTZTOWN RDWater Resource
DischargeB M H H M MH H H H 2007, 2014 D B B 512362 -75.7317 40.5389
ACTIVE, ON LOT SEPTIC
DISCHARGE; OLD RANK-D, NEW
RANK-B; EPA REG HAZ WASTE-
RCRA, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.42 20.45
200
FADDIS
CONCRETE
PRODUCTS,
INCORPORATED
210 HINTERLEITER RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
9262
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 659799 -75.7328 40.5169
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-
INDUSTRIAL, DISCHARGE POINT,
NPDES, PA-EFACTS, EPA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.47 20.50
201KNABB-RAUCH
PROPERTY
3 TURKEY ROAD
KEMPTON PA 19529EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.8060 40.6103 ICIS:3600943015
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 11.60 20.63
202
PA PLT
INC/LIMESTONE
PELLETIZIN
189 HINTERLIETER RD Storage Tank B M H M L M H H M 2014, 2019 D C 499645 -75.7296 40.5156AIRS/AFS, EPA, 15000gal OTHER,
DIESL; AIRS/AFS, PA-EFACTS, AST,
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.60 20.64
203LARRY M NASH
FARMRD1 BOX 195
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.8408 40.6475 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 11.62 20.66
204ISTLER DANE AND
GRANDSON INC
9128 KINGS HWY
KEMPTON PA 19529
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 0 -75.8475 40.6546 RCRAINFO:PAR000040782
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 11.65 20.68
205
SHIRK LAND
DEVELOPMENT
PHASE 2
405 QUARRY ROAD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7283 40.5172 NPDES:PAC060179
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.73 20.77
206 SITTLERS MHP PA EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7360 40.5326 SFDW:PA3060044LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.76 20.79
207LYONS BORO
MUN AUTH WTP206 HUNTER ST NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7457 40.4877 NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.81 20.84
Page 13 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
208SPECTATORS BAR
& GRILL45 OLD ROUTE 22 EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7499 40.5838 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 11.81 20.84
209 KISTLER FARM 9128 KINGS HWYMunicipal
WasteB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 255063 -75.8500 40.6539
INACTIVE, LAND APPLICATION; EPA
REG HAZ WASTE-RCRA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 11.81 20.85
210HIGHLAND
ESTATES
60 OLD US ROUTE 22
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7518 40.5831 NPDES:PA0070122, SFDW:PA3060043
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 11.84 20.87
211
EASTERN IND
KUTZTOWN
QUARRY
210 HINTERLEITER
ROAD
Industrial
Mineral MiningB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 253899 -75.7264 40.5128
SURF MINE, NPDES; AIR EMISS-
CRUSHING, ASPHALT PLT;
SEPTIC&QUARRY DISCH; AST; HAZ
WASTE-RCRA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.84 20.88
212KUTZTOWN AREA
SCHOOL DISTRICT
251 LONG LANE
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7318 40.5342 NPDES:PAC060038
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.85 20.89
213DANIEL DELONG
FARM
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 652653 -75.7347 40.4956 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 11.92 20.96
214WEISENBERG TWP
LEHIGH CNTY MS4
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 625642 -75.7262 40.5796
ACTIVE, STORMWATER-MUNICIPAL,
DISCHARGE POINT
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.03 21.07
215LUCKENBILLS
AUTO SVC
244 BOWERS RD
BOWERS PA 19511Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564578 -75.7418 40.4852 4000gal GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.08 21.11
216BUILDING
RECYCLERS398 TOPTON RD. EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7187 40.5277 ICIS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.08 21.12
217CUATROS
VIENTOS
UNKNOWN QUAKER
CITY PA 0EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.8738 40.6593 EIS:12234511
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 12.14 21.18
218
GLENN SNYDER
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 618986 -75.7272 40.4914 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 12.15 21.18
219KAROL K
SCHMICK
10371 OLD ROUTE 22
KUTZTOWN PA 19530NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7213 40.5802
NPDES:PA0065234, PA-
EFACTS:PA0065234
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.26 21.29
220
RODALE
RESEARCH
CTR/EXPERIMENT
AL FARM
611 SIEGFRIEDALE RD
Captive
Hazardous
Waste
B M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 507668 -75.7194 40.5503ACTIVE; EPA REG HAZ WASTE-
RCRA, PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.31 21.35
221LONGSWAMP
ELEM SCH
MAIN ST MENTZTOWN
PA 19539Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 456017 -75.7292 40.4874 10000gal HO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 12.36 21.39
222HILLSIDE ACRES
FARM CAFO335 DOTTERER RD
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 675289 -75.7992 40.6017
ACTIVE, CONCENTRATED ANIMAL
FEED OPERATION PRODUCTION
SERVICE UNIT; PA EFACTS-NPDES,
PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEALBANY 12.41 21.44
223DAVID D GRIM
AUTO PARTS
299 FLEETWOOD RD
BOWERS PA 19511Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 564765 -75.7339 40.4841 550gal GAS, 250 GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 12.44 21.48
224
JOHN BRUBAKER
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2019 C 707549 -75.7127 40.5545 INACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.50 21.54
Page 14 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
225SCHUMAKERS
SALES & SERVICE170 GENSINGER RD
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7627 40.5786 PA-EFACTS, RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEGREENWICH 12.54 21.57
226 GTE
NEWSMITHVILLE RD
NEWSMITHVILLE PA
18066
Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 580118 -75.7396 40.5888 550gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.56 21.59
227 LEHIGH CO AUTHARCADIA WEST
INDUSTRIAL PARKNPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7145 40.5809 NPDES, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.64 21.67
228
HAUCK'S METAL
POLISHING
SERVICE
9 WEST MILL STHazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7607 40.4815 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYONS 12.68 21.71
229RAIL CROSSING -
SAUCONY CREEKSAUCONY CREEK
Railroad Stream
CrossingB 2007 B B B 0 -75.7461 40.4866
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.68 21.71
230FOUR SPRINGS
FARM
9577 BACHELOR ROAD
WEISENBERG,
TOWNSHIP OF PA 19530
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7179 40.5911 NPDES:PAC390082LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.75 21.79
231LYONS BORO
WWTP211 S KEMP ST Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 565053 -75.7582 40.4792 2-1500 Gal HZSUB, 850 Gal HZSUB
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYONS 12.76 21.80
232
PFBC STATEWIDE
ALGICIDE,
HERBICIDE OR
FISH CNTRL
TREATMENT
AREA
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 759060 -75.8334 40.6710
ACTIVE, PESTICIDES, PESTICIDE
TREATMENT AREA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 12.81 21.85
233
TEVA PHARM INC
KUTZTOWN DISTR
WHSE
9747 COMMERCE CIRHazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 716504 -75.7166 40.5858 RCRAINFO; AST- DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.86 21.90
234HAPINS CIDER
MILL
Water Resource
DischargeB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 447566 -75.7289 40.4822
ACTIVE, GROUND WATER DIS
DISCHARGE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 12.88 21.91
235PRADELLS SVC
STA
RTE 22 & RTE 863
ALLENTOWN PA 18104Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 579841 -75.7079 40.5788 6000gal GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.94 21.98
236 SUNTUF 9735 COMMERCE CIRCLEHazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7135 40.5871 PA-EFACTS, RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.94 21.98
237PALRAM
AMERICAS
9735 COMMERCE CIRCLE
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
8579
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 0 -75.7134 40.5872
PA-EFACTS:PAR000508168,
RCRAINFO:PAR000508168; OSHA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.95 21.98
238CHRISTMAN
SANITATIONROUTE 863
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7466 40.5241 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 12.95 21.98
239
PARKING LOT
EXPANSION FOR
IPT LEHIGH
VALEY DC II LLC
9747 COMMERCE CIRCLE
WEISENBERG,
TOWNSHIP OF PA 19530
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.7140 40.5854 NPDES:PAC390018LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 12.96 22.00
Page 15 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
240 SILFIES FARMSILFIES FARM - KEMP
STREETEPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7594 40.4765 AIRS/AQS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYONS 12.96 22.00
241
RUBEN NOLT
FARM BIOSOLIDS
SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 492379 -75.7219 40.5028 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEMAXATAWNY 13.02 22.05
242NEW SMITHVILLE
TRUCK STOP
2277 GOLDEN KEY RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
8565
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 599635 -75.7076 40.5811
Cleanup Completed, DIESL, ULGAS; UST-
DIESL, GAS, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 13.03 22.07
243WASTE MGMT
ALLENTOWN2710 GOLDEN KEY RD Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2014 C C 446441 -75.7124 40.5908
ACTIVE, TRANSPORTATION,
CURRENTLY IN USE-ASTs&USTs
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 13.05 22.09
244GOLDEN KEY
TRAVEL CTR
2298 GOLDEN KEY RD
KUTZTOWN PA 19530-
8564
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 599458 -75.7082 40.5816
Cleanup Completed, ULGAS, NPDES,
8000 GAS, 12000 GAS, 8000 DIESL, 2000
KERO, 1000 HO, NPDES, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEWEISENBERG 13.05 22.09
245RAY FLUCK FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 609360 -75.8194 40.6631 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 13.10 22.14
246
CHRISTOPHER T.
WEISS LAND
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
8384 ALLEMAENGEL
ROAD LYNN, TOWNSHIP
OF PA 18066
NPDES Permit B M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 0 -75.8164 40.6679 NPDES:PAC390003LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 13.13 22.16
247B&R AUTO
REFINISHING8660 KISTLER VALLY
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2014 B B 0 -75.7834 40.6448 RCRAINFO
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 13.52 22.55
248
ELECTRO SPACE
FABRICATORS
PLT
300 W HIGH STToxics Release
InventoryB M M H M H M H H 2014 A A 252994 -75.7083 40.5044
AIRS/AFS, BR, ICIS, NCDB, PA-
EFACTS, RCRAINFO, TRIS; RES
WASTE; AIR EMISS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 13.66 22.70
249M & A
EXCAVATING
120 LYONS RD
MERTZTOWN PA 19539-
9767
Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 791523 -75.7488 40.4661 10000gal DIESLLAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 13.76 22.80
250
BRANDYWINE
HEIGHTS AREA
SCHOOL
WEISS ST TOPTON PA
19562EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7089 40.4983 ICIS:45914
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 13.78 22.81
251
NORMAN
BURKHOLDER
FARM
Residual Waste B M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 782723 -75.7169 40.4623 ACTIVE, LAND APPLICATIONLAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 13.80 22.83
252
ADVANCED
SYSTEMS TECH
INC
220 MAIN ST SECOND
FLOOR TOPTON PA 19562
Hazardous
Waste - RCRAB M M H M MH M H H 2019 B 0 -75.7031 40.5061 RCRAINFO:PAD987346624
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 13.93 22.96
253 TOPTONLand Recycling
CleanupB M M H M H M H H 2019 A 598524 -75.7034 40.5063
ACTIVE, GROUNDWATER/SOIL
MEDIA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 13.95 22.98
254KERN MASORNRY
INC
331 N MAIN ST TOPTON
PA 19562-1410Storage Tank B M M H L MH M H M 2019 C 565316 -75.7030 40.5072 1000gal GAS, 325 DIESL, AST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 13.99 23.02
255LYNN TWP
LEHIGH CNTY7923 KINGS HWY Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 579868 -75.8017 40.6789 USTs&ASTs
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 14.03 23.06
256AMANA
REFRIGERATION
403 N MAIN ST TOPTON
PA 19562-1412
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 579636 -75.7033 40.0000
Cleanup Completed, 20000 HO, 25000 HO,
5279 HZSUB, 7000 UNREG, 10000
DIESL,3000 GAS, EPA, UST, AST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEETOPTON 14.06 23.09
Page 16 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
257
WHITE DEER RUN
AT BLUE MTN
TRMT CTR
PO BOX 199 EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.8513 40.6862 PA-EFACTSLAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 14.06 23.10
258
LEHIGH ASPHALT
PAVING ANDREAS
PLT
Air Emission
PlantB M M L M MH M L L 2014 D D 465229 -75.7897 40.6670
PROCESS, REPLACEMENT BATCH
MIX ASPHALT PLT W/ RAP
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 14.64 23.68
259GREATER VISION
FARMS CAFO228 FIVE POINTS RD EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.6932 40.4585 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEROCKLAND 15.08 24.11
260KNOEDLER FARM
BIOSOLIDS SITE
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2019 C 777920 -75.7738 40.6737 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 15.17 24.21
261
KATHY HERMANY
FARM/BENNICROF
F FARM
Beneficial Land
UseB M M H M M M H H 2014 C C 700252 -75.7890 40.6940 ACTIVE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 15.33 24.37
262LYNN TWP SEWER
AUTH STP7481 ALLEMAENGEL RD
Water Resource
DischargeB M H H M MH H H H 2007, 2014 B B B 249914 -75.7685 40.6818
ACTIVE, LYNN TOWNSHIP SEWER
AUTH DISCHARGE; AST-sani services;
EPA REG-NPDES, CWNS, PCS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 15.43 24.46
263
ALVERTA M
BENFIELD ESTATE
FARM
NS HUFF CHURCH RD
ALBURTIS PA 18011
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 581110 -75.6662 40.4644 Cleanup Completed, GAS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELONGSWAMP 15.52 24.56
264
ONTELAUNEE
PARK POND -
PESTICIDES
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2019 B 827285 -75.7640 40.6822
ACTIVE, PESTICIDES, PESTICIDE
TREATMENT AREA
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 15.63 24.66
265ONTELAUNEE
ROD & GUN CLUB8100 GUN CLUB RD EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7883 40.7026 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 15.70 24.74
266 KERN PROPWAYNE ST NEW TRIPOLI
PA 18066
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 600246 -75.7486 40.6812
Inactive, ULGAS, 750 GAS, 500 KERO,
UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.28 25.32
267RICKS BACKHOE
SVC
6979 ROUTE 309 NEW
TRIPOLI PA 18066Storage Tank B M M H M M M H H 2019 C 814651 -75.7437 40.6851 6000gal DIESL
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.49 25.53
268LCA MADISON
NORTH DIVISIONPA EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7504 40.6775 SFDW:PA3390115
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.52 25.55
269
BLUE ROCK MT
SPRG WTR-LYNN
TWP
RD 1 BOX 266A2007 Field
VerificationB 2007 B B B 0 -75.7493 40.6752
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.78 25.81
270GRIMS MOBILE
HOME COURTPA EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7473 40.6896 SFDW:PA3390036
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.80 25.83
271BROC GRANITE &
TILE/ LYNN TWP
7571 ROUTE 309 NEW
TRIPOLI PA 18066-4208EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2019 D 0 -75.7541 40.6982 AIR:PA000771406, PA-EFACTS:771406
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 16.84 25.88
272OLDE
HOMESTEAD GC6598 ROUTE 309 EPA Regulated B M H M L M H H M 2014 D D 0 -75.7312 40.6816 PA-EFACTS
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 17.09 26.12
273NESTLE WATERS
NA BOTTLING PLT
Water Pollution
ControlB M H H M MH H H H 2014 B B 448625 -75.7594 40.7125
ACTIVE, INDUSTRIAL WASTE
TREATMENT PLANT, DISCHARGE
LAKE
ONTELAUNEELYNN 17.34 26.37
Page 17 of 18
Map
IDSite Name Address PSOC Type ZONE TOT Pers Quan Sens PFR MA PFC PI
PSOC
Year
2007
Susc
2014
Susc
2019
SuscSite ID Long Lat Comment Intake Municipality
High Flow TOT
Ignoring Lake (hrs)
High Flow TOT
Including Lake (hrs)
274NEW TRIPOLI
PLAZA
6391 ROUTE 309 NEW
TRIPOLI PA 18066-2035
Storage Tank
CleanupB M M H L H M H M 2019 B 599265 -75.7221 40.6801
Cleanup Completed, ULGAS, KERO;
LAND REC CLEANUP-GW MEDIA;
UST-GAS, DIESL, UST
LAKE
ONTELAUNEEHEIDELBERG 17.62 26.65
Page 18 of 18
Rank Acres Percent Rank Acres Percent
Agricultural LandFertilizers, pesticides, nutrients, and
manure.B 1,176.6 23.9% B 38,033.9 54.0%
Industrial/ Commercial
Land
Any chemical or toxic substance stored
onsite. Vehicle fluids, metals, and
sediment from parking lot runoff.
B 506.5 10.3% B 4,035.6 5.7%
Residential Land
Lawn chemicals, vehicle fluids,
household hazardous waste, sewage or
septic systems
C 227.2 4.6% C 5,610.0 8.0%
Transportation Corridors
Gasoline, motor oil, antifreeze, metals,
salt, sediment, and any chemical spilled
in an accident.
A 163.2 3.3% A 2,842.7 4.0%
Undeveloped and
Forested Land
Logging and recreational contaminants;
sediment; vehicle fluids** 1,836.5 37.2% ** 18,770.2 26.6%
WaterAny upstream spill or runoff chemcial,
and sediment** 1,022.3 20.7% ** 1,149.4 1.6%
Total 4,932.3 100% Total 70,441.7 100%
Land Use Summary
Table 4-2
* This non-point source is not present in the protection zone.
** Undeveloped areas are not typically ranked for non-point source contamination.
Zone BNon-Point PSOC Potential Contaminants
Zone A
Berks County, PA
PWSID# 3060059
Reading Area Water Authority
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
SW
P
Ste
erin
g C
om
mit
tee
Maid
encr
eek
an
d
On
tela
un
ee T
wp
s
Ber
ks
Natu
re
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Con
servati
on
Dis
t
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Dep
t.
of
Em
ergen
cy S
vc
Sch
uylk
ill
Act
ion
Net
work
/N
RC
S
1
Meet with the steering committee annually to address source water
protection and other water resources issues in the protection area. Review
and update the inventory of existing and potential PSOCs on a regular
basis in accordance with Chapter §109.713(a)(4). An annual update form
should be submitted to the DEP-Southcentral Region office by March 31.
X X X X X X X Annually
2
Maintain membership in the Berks County Source Water Protection
Steering Committee to address water resources issues in the Maiden Creek
subbasin of the Schuylkill River Watershed.
X X Ongoing
3
Conduct public education for customers and residents regarding the
importance of source water protection. Display source water protection
brochures at the RAWA office, on the website and social media.
X X X X X X Short-Term
4Continue to work with students from surrounding school districts on the
source of their water and protection areas.X X X X X Ongoing
Reading Area Water Authority
PWSID# 3060059
Berks County, PA
Table 7-1
Source Water Protection Management Strategies
Activity
Rea
din
g A
rea W
ate
r
Au
thori
ty
Steering Committee and Public Participation
Public Education
Potential Partners
General Schedule
Page 1 of 4
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
SW
P
Ste
erin
g C
om
mit
tee
Maid
encr
eek
an
d
On
tela
un
ee T
wp
s
Ber
ks
Natu
re
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Con
servati
on
Dis
t
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Dep
t.
of
Em
ergen
cy S
vc
Sch
uylk
ill
Act
ion
Net
work
/N
RC
S
Activity
Rea
din
g A
rea W
ate
r
Au
thori
ty
Potential Partners
General Schedule
5Educate municipal offices, environmental organizations, and local business
and industry about the protection areas.X X X X X X Short-Term
6 Maintain the Water Supply Area signs installed in local municipalities. X X Long-Term
7Collaborate with environmental organizations in managing source water
protection activities within the watershed.X X X X X Ongoing
8Consider sharing water quality data with environmental organizations to
assist with watershed improvement projects.X X X Ongoing
9Continue participation in agricultural best management practices projects
in Maiden Creek Watershed.X X X X X X Ongoing
10Maintain the water quality database, and update monthly with results from
RAWA staff sampling.X Ongoing
11
Continue annual tree-planting events around Lake Ontelaunee and
streambank restoration projects as requested. Encourage farmers to enroll
in the USDA programs to help reduce erosion and nutrient issues.
X X X Annually
12
Continue targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities about cooperating
in source water protection activities. Use the 2019 ArcGIS program to
prioritize concerns.
X X X Annually
Watershed Management
Watershed Partnerships
Public Water Supply Zone Notification
Page 2 of 4
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
SW
P
Ste
erin
g C
om
mit
tee
Maid
encr
eek
an
d
On
tela
un
ee T
wp
s
Ber
ks
Natu
re
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Con
servati
on
Dis
t
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Dep
t.
of
Em
ergen
cy S
vc
Sch
uylk
ill
Act
ion
Net
work
/N
RC
S
Activity
Rea
din
g A
rea W
ate
r
Au
thori
ty
Potential Partners
General Schedule
13
Continue to work on reduction of Cryptosporidium hits on the secondary
intake, including goose harassment, septic system education, and extra
chemical monitoring.
X X Ongoing
14
Work with the USDA’s Plant Protection and Quarantine program for
purple loosestrife management, including biocontrol methods, such as the
Gallarucella pusilla beetles.
X X X X Ongoing
15
Continue participation in the Voluntary Public Access and Habitat
Incentive Program, which helps to increase public access to private lands
for outdoor recreation.
X X Ongoing
16
Maintain partnership with USDA in ongoing goose harassment
program in Lake Ontelaunee. Deploy groundhog management
methods to preserve the structural integrity of the earthen dam.
X X X X Ongoing
17Update the emergency response plan annually to make sure all contact
information and provisions for an alternate water supply are current. X X Annually
18
Consider the feasibility of other sources to ensure adequate water supply.
Work with other systems on interconnections to supply water in case of
emergency.
X X Long-Term
19
Maintain contact with Berks County and DEP-Southcentral Region
emergency coordinators. Provide information on source water protection
areas and request immediate notification if a spill or release is reported.
X X Ongoing
20
Continue membership in the Delaware Valley Early Warning System, and
communicate any potential contamination issues to downstream users in
the Schuylkill River.
X Ongoing
Emergency Planning
Page 3 of 4
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
SW
P
Ste
erin
g C
om
mit
tee
Maid
encr
eek
an
d
On
tela
un
ee T
wp
s
Ber
ks
Natu
re
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Con
servati
on
Dis
t
Ber
ks
Cou
nty
Dep
t.
of
Em
ergen
cy S
vc
Sch
uylk
ill
Act
ion
Net
work
/N
RC
S
Activity
Rea
din
g A
rea W
ate
r
Au
thori
ty
Potential Partners
General Schedule
21
Work with Maidencreek and Ontelaunee Township staff to support Best
Management Practices to improve quality of stormwater runoff. Ensure
that water supplier contact information is current and included in any
township facility spill response plans
X X X Short-Term
22
Consider attending the Schuylkill Action Network Stormwater Workgroup
and the Berks County MS4 Steering Committee to promote source water
protection as part of stormwater management.
X X Long-Term
MS4 and Stormwater Management
Page 4 of 4
2
Maintain membership in the Berks County Source Water
Protection Steering Committee to address water resources
issues in the Maiden Creek subbasin of the Schuylkill River
Watershed.
Watershed
ManagerQuarterly Staff time
3
Conduct public education for customers and residents
regarding the importance of source water protection. Display
source water protection brochures at the RAWA office, on the
website and social media.
Staff Ongoing Staff time; cost of educational materials
4Continue to work with students from surrounding school
districts on the source of their water and protection areas.Staff Ongoing Staff time; cost of educational materials
5Educate municipal offices, environmental organizations, and
local business and industry about the protection areas.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time; cost of educational materials
7Collaborate with environmental organizations in managing
source water protection activities within the watershed.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time
8Consider sharing water quality data with environmental
organizations to assist with watershed improvement projects.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time
9Continue participation in agricultural best management
practices projects in Maiden Creek Watershed.
Watershed
Manager/
Executive Staff
Ongoing Staff time; project assistance
10Maintain the water quality database, and update monthly with
results from RAWA staff sampling.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time
13
Continue to work on reduction of Cryptosporidium hits on the
secondary intake, including goose harassment, septic system
education, and extra chemical monitoring.
Watershed
Manager/ Lab
Manager
Ongoing Staff time; possible financial support
Table 8-1
5-Year Source Water Protection Implementation Plan
Reading Area Water Authority
PWSID# 3060059
Berks County, PA
Strategy Activity Needs
Short-Term - Ongoing - As Needed
Person
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
Page 1 of 6
Strategy Activity NeedsPerson
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
14
Work with the USDA’s Plant Protection and Quarantine
program for purple loosestrife management, including
biocontrol methods, such as the Gallarucella pusilla beetles.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing
Staff time; cost of assistance and
management methods
15
Continue participation in the Voluntary Public Access and
Habitat Incentive Program, which helps to increase public
access to private lands for outdoor recreation.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time
16
Maintain partnership with USDA in ongoing goose
harassment program in Lake Ontelaunee. Deploy
groundhog management methods to preserve the
structural integrity of the earthen dam.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing
Staff time; cost of assistance and
management methods
20
Continue membership in the Delaware Valley Early Warning
System, and communicate any potential contamination issues
to downstream users in the Schuylkill River.
Watershed
ManagerOngoing Staff time
21
Work with Maidencreek and Ontelaunee Township staff to
support Best Management Practices to improve quality of
stormwater runoff. Ensure that water supplier contact
information is current and included in any township facility
spill response plans
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
Ongoing Staff time; possible financial support
Short-Term - Ongoing - As Needed
Page 2 of 6
Strategy Activity NeedsPerson
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
1
Meet with the steering committee annually to address source
water protection and other water resources issues in the
protection area. Review and update the inventory of existing
and potential PSOCs on a regular basis in accordance with
Chapter §109.713(a)(4). An annual update form should be
submitted to the DEP-Southcentral Region office by March 31.
Watershed
Manager
Annually by March
31
Staff time; ArcGIS online PSOC inventory
and maintenance of software
11
Continue annual tree-planting events around Lake Ontelaunee
and streambank restoration projects as requested. Encourage
farmers to enroll in the USDA programs to help reduce erosion
and nutrient issues.
All staff AnnuallyStaff time; cost of trees and project
assistance
12
Continue targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities about
cooperating in source water protection activities. Use the 2019
ArcGIS program to prioritize concerns.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
AnnuallyStaff time; cost of educational materials;
cost of consultant
17
Update the emergency response plan annually to make sure all
contact information and provisions for an alternate water
supply are current.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
Annually Staff time; possible cost of consultant
Year 1 (2020)
Page 3 of 6
Strategy Activity NeedsPerson
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
1
Meet with the steering committee annually to address source
water protection and other water resources issues in the
protection area. Review and update the inventory of existing
and potential PSOCs on a regular basis in accordance with
Chapter §109.713(a)(4). An annual update form should be
submitted to the DEP-Southcentral Region office by March 31.
Watershed
Manager
Annually by March
31
Staff time; ArcGIS online PSOC inventory
and maintenance of software
11
Continue annual tree-planting events around Lake Ontelaunee
and streambank restoration projects as requested. Encourage
farmers to enroll in the USDA programs to help reduce erosion
and nutrient issues.
All staff AnnuallyStaff time; cost of trees and project
assistance
12
Continue targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities about
cooperating in source water protection activities. Use the 2019
ArcGIS program to prioritize concerns.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
AnnuallyStaff time; cost of educational materials;
cost of consultant
17
Update the emergency response plan annually to make sure all
contact information and provisions for an alternate water
supply are current.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
Annually Staff time; possible cost of consultant
19
Maintain contact with Berks County and DEP-Southcentral
Region emergency coordinators. Provide information on
source water protection areas and request immediate
notification if a spill or release is reported.
Watershed
ManagerAs needed Staff time.
Years 2-3 (2021-2022)
Page 4 of 6
Strategy Activity NeedsPerson
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
1
Meet with the steering committee annually to address source
water protection and other water resources issues in the
protection area. Review and update the inventory of existing
and potential PSOCs on a regular basis in accordance with
Chapter §109.713(a)(4). An annual update form should be
submitted to the DEP-Southcentral Region office by March 31.
Watershed
Manager
Annually by March
31
Staff time; ArcGIS online PSOC inventory
and maintenance of software
11
Continue annual tree-planting events around Lake Ontelaunee
and streambank restoration projects as requested. Encourage
farmers to enroll in the USDA programs to help reduce erosion
and nutrient issues.
All staff AnnuallyStaff time; cost of trees and project
assistance
12
Continue targeted outreach to high-risk PSOC facilities about
cooperating in source water protection activities. Use the 2019
ArcGIS program to prioritize concerns.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
AnnuallyStaff time; cost of educational materials;
cost of consultant
17
Update the emergency response plan annually to make sure all
contact information and provisions for an alternate water
supply are current.
Watershed
Manager/
Consultant
Annually Staff time; possible cost of consultant
Years 4-5 (2023-2024)
Page 5 of 6
Strategy Activity NeedsPerson
Responsible
Deadline/Time to
be Accomplished
6Maintain the Water Supply Area signs installed in local
municipalities.
Watershed
ManagerAs needed
Staff time; replacement cost of signage and
installation.
18
Consider the feasibility of a reserve intake outside of the
Maiden Creek Watershed to ensure adequate water supply.
Work with other systems on interconnections to supply water
in case of emergency.
Director of
Operations/Waters
hed Manager
Long-term Staff time; cost of infrastructure
22
Consider attending the Schuylkill Action Network Stormwater
Workgroup and the Berks County MS4 Steering Committee to
promote source water protection as part of stormwater
management.
Watershed
ManagerAs needed Staff time
Long-Term Implementation
Page 6 of 6
Figures
Appendix A
Executive Summary Reports of Surface Source
Time-of-Travel
Lake Ontelaunee and
Maiden Creek Watershed Source Water Protection Plan
Reading Area Water Authority
March 2007
ii
Reading Area Water Authority
Maiden Creek Watershed Source Water Protection Plan
Executive Summary
The Reading Area Water Authority (RAWA) currently provides drinking water to approximately
88,000 people in Reading, Pennsylvania and several surrounding communities. RAWA is able to
serve more than 125,000 people through interconnections with other water systems. The water source
is Lake Ontelaunee in the Maiden Creek Watershed, located northeast of Reading in Berks and
Lehigh Counties. Lake Ontelaunee is a 1,082-acre man-made lake that was created in the 1920s, and
holds approximately 3.3 billion gallons of water. Surface water enters the lake primarily from Maiden
Creek and its main tributary Sacony Creek, with inputs from numerous other streams, including
several small tributaries that flow directly into the lake. The reservoir is impaired by sediment and
phosphorus, and EPA had developed total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for the lake for both these
parameters.
The time-of-travel delineation completed for this study shows that the entire 216-square-mile
watershed is within the 25-hour time-of-travel for RAWA’s water supply intake. Thus, watershed
activities that occur seemingly far from Lake Ontelaunee can impact the reservoir within a very short
time. The most critical potential sources of contamination are bridge crossings of major roads over
Maiden Creek and its tributaries. A truck accident at or near one of these bridges could spill
contaminants (e.g., fuel oil or any bulk chemical) directly into the water supply.
To assess the sedimentation problem in Lake Ontelaunee, Spotts, Stevens & McCoy, Inc. completed a
detailed bathymetric survey in 2004. Based on this study, it is estimated that approximately 512
million gallons of storage capacity have been lost in the reservoir due to accumulated sediment,
which is a 15% loss of water storage. Most of the sediment has accumulated in the upstream reaches
of the lake, downstream of the Route 662 bridge. Sedimentation has also occurred in shallow littoral
areas and the original stream channel. The survey results showed that very little of the main, deep part
of the reservoir has filled with sediment. However, because the upstream reaches are basically
sediment-filled, future sediment deposits will occur in the main reservoir.
iii
In the absence of a management plan, sediment will start to fill the main area of the lake, contribute
nutrients, and may contribute to flooding of the area north of PA Route 662. Watershed best
management practices (BMPs) represent the best solutions to minimize sediment from ever getting to
Lake Ontelaunee. An interim plan to manage sediment in Lake Ontelaunee includes (1) dredging the
neck of Lake Ontelaunee to prevent migration of sediment into the main lake and minimize upstream
flooding, completed with onsite dewatering, and (2) negotiation with the nearby Lehigh Cement
Quarry for long-term disposal.
The municipal ordinances in the Maiden Creek Watershed vary widely in their ability to protect water
resources. Several municipalities have strong ordinances that are highly protective of natural
resources; others have barely any protection at all; and still others have a stated intent to protect
natural resources (through their non-binding comprehensive plans) but their ordinances have weak
protective language. Both previous studies and the steering committee for this project have identified
stronger municipal ordinances as critical for protecting the water supply.
Protecting and restoring riparian buffers throughout the watershed may be one of the most effective
management actions that RAWA can take to protect Lake Ontelaunee and to reduce potential
treatment costs. Healthy, vegetated buffers remove nutrients and sediment from surface runoff, slow
runoff before it enters a stream, ameliorate the effects of some pesticides, and improve the stream
ecology. RAWA is assisting with ongoing projects to restore and protect riparian buffers throughout
the Maiden Creek Watershed.
Other concerns for the water supply include livestock with direct access to streams; erosion from
disturbance/development of steep slopes; excessive erosion from row crop tilling; groundwater
contamination in karst/limestone geology; stormwater runoff from development; and septic system
failures.
Although RAWA conducts routine monitoring for water treatment, it does not collect any samples
from the watershed or the lake itself. Both the Maiden Creek Watershed Association and the
Schuylkill Action Network conduct limited sampling programs throughout the watershed. The three
programs will share data in the future for everyone’s mutual benefit.
If RAWA needed to find a long-term new source of water to replace Lake Ontelaunee, the most likely
candidate would be either an intake on the Schuylkill River or discharge water from the nearby Berks
iv
Products quarry. Other possible sources include interconnections from other water suppliers, Willow
Creek, and Antietam Lake, although none of these sources could supply the entire RAWA demand.
Table ES-1 presents the source water protection implementation plan. The recommendations are
organized around a schedule that recognizes:
• A three-year schedule for major activities
• Capital improvements centered around dredging the upper neck of Lake Ontelaunee
• Ongoing activities that have already been started by either RAWA or project partners
• Partnership activities for which RAWA would not necessarily take the lead, but could support
with staff or supplemental funding if the activity furthered the goals of the source water
protection plan.
• Future activities that can likely be deferred until beyond the initial three-year plan.
Table ES-1 also identifies whether RAWA will play the lead (or only) role, where other
organizations can likely be key partners, and where consulting services may be necessary. Costs are
presented with potential funding sources, which may include RAWA funds, grants, and other sources
of funds.
Table ES-1: Source Water Protection Implementation Plan
BC
CD
BC
C
BC
PC
BO
K
PWD
MC
WA
CFC
L
Con
sulta
n t
1.1 Adopt Source Water Protection Plan X
1.2 Appoint Source Water Protection Manager X Salary for position RAWA
1.3 Develop Recognition Program for Participants X X X $1,000/year RAWA, WREN grant
1.4 Develop Committee to Implement Recommendations X X
4.2Cooperate with the Borough of Kutztown in Maintaining a Water Quality Sonde on Sacony Creek X $10,000 plus
$500/year RAWA
4.3 Install and Maintain a Water Quality Sonde on the Maiden Creek Mainstem X X X X $15,000 plus $500/year RAWA
4.4Cooperate with the Maiden Creek Watershed Association to Collect Water Quality Data X X Growing Greener
4.5 Develop a Central Database for Water Quality DataX $3,000 RAWA, Growing
Greener
4.6 Implement Biosolid Monitoring Program X X X X RAWA BCCD program
4.7 Develop a Watershed Model for Phosphorus Loading (Data Collection, with 8.6)X X X $5,000 (with
8.6)RAWA, Growing
Greener
5.1 Install a Streamflow Gage X X X $20,000 RAWA, PWD
8.2Negotiate Use of the Lehigh Cement Company Quarry for Long-term Sediment Disposal X $8,000 RAWA
8.6Develop a Sediment Model to Better Understand Sediment Dynamics (Data Collection, with 4.7)
X X X X $5,000 (with 4.7)
RAWA, Growing Greener
8.8 Conduct Aerial Survey of Lake Ontelaunee X X State Police Helicopter
9.4 Coordinate with Berks County Emergency Management Agency X9.5 Meet with Lehigh County Emergency Management Agency X
Possible Funding Sources
Potential Partners
Primary Funding Sources
RA
WA
BO
D
RA
WA
Sta
ff
CostActivity
YEAR 1
Page 1 of 4
Table ES-1: Source Water Protection Implementation Plan
BC
CD
BC
C
BC
PC
BO
K
PWD
MC
WA
CFC
L
Con
sulta
n t Possible Funding Sources
Potential Partners
Primary Funding Sources
RA
WA
BO
D
RA
WA
Sta
ff
CostActivity
4.7 Develop a Watershed Model for Phosphorus Loading (Data Collection, with 8.6)X X X X $5,000 (with
8.6)RAWA, Growing
Greener
8.3 Evaluate Use of a Diversion Area at the Entrance to Lake Ontelaunee X $30,000 RAWA
8.6Develop a Sediment Model to Better Understand Sediment Dynamics (Data Collection, with 4.7)
X X X $5,000 (with 4.7)
RAWA, Growing Greener
9.1Conduct Detailed Analysis of Interconnections With Other Water Suppliers for Flows to RAWA X X $30,000 RAWA
10.1 Conduct Detailed Analysis of Developing a Schuylkill River Intake X $25,000 RAWA
3.38.1
Provide assistance for BCCD’s Sediment Control Programs Provide Funding for Streambank Fencing, Cattle Crossings, and Native Plantings
X X
budget $15,000 to
$20,000 per year
RAWA, Growing Greener
Estimate $20,000 per farm; BCCD
programs
4.7 Develop a Watershed Model for Phosphorus LoadingX $20,000 RAWA, Growing
Greener
6.2 Develop Education Program for School Children in the Maiden Creek Watershed X $5,000 WREN, DEP, Env. Ed grants BCCD programs
8.6 Develop a Sediment Model to Better Understand Sediment DynamicsX $20,000 RAWA, Growing
Greener
8.4YEAR 1 - Dredge the Upper Neck of Lake Ontelaunee to Create an In-stream Sediment Trap (Planning, Design, and Permitting) X $50,000 RAWA
8.4YEAR 2 - Dredge the Upper Neck of Lake Ontelaunee to Create an In-stream Sediment Trap (Planning, Design, and Permitting) X $100,000 RAWA
8.4YEAR 3 - Dredge the Upper Neck of Lake Ontelaunee to Create an In-stream Sediment Trap X $1,350,000 RAWA
8.7 Evaluate Control of Purple Loosestrife in Upper Neck with Dredging X X $15,000 RAWA, habitat grants
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS
Page 2 of 4
Table ES-1: Source Water Protection Implementation Plan
BC
CD
BC
C
BC
PC
BO
K
PWD
MC
WA
CFC
L
Con
sulta
n t Possible Funding Sources
Potential Partners
Primary Funding Sources
RA
WA
BO
D
RA
WA
Sta
ff
CostActivity
2.1 Monitor Watershed For New PSOCs X X X X
2.2 Enlist Volunteer Help to Monitor the WatershedX X X X RAWA, Growing
Greener
2.3 Maintain the PSOC Database X2.6 Continue Targeted Outreach to High-Risk PSOCs X X X X $1,000/yr WREN2.7 Monitor Goose Population and Implement Control Measures if Necessary X
3.1Develop a Map and Summary of Previously Completed Riparian Projects in the Watershed with BCCD X X $3,000 RAWA, William
Penn Fdn BCCD program
3.2 Provide Streambank Maintenance for Farmers X X
3.5 Work with Golf Courses to Protect Streambanks X X X $1,000 RAWA, WREN, BCCD
4.1 Participate in the Delaware Valley Early Warning System X X
6.1Partner with Other Agencies to Continue Education Program for Reading Area School Children X $5,000 WREN, DEP,
Env. Ed grants9.2 Discuss Emergency Plans with Berks Products Quarry X X
10.2Conduct Detailed Evaluation of Using Berks Products Quarry Water for Emergency/Long-term Supply X
3.6 Hold Educational Workshops about Riparian Buffers X X X X Growing Greener BCCD, BCC
3.7 Work with Municipalities to Adopt Stream Buffer Ordinances X X X BCPC
6.3 Attend Community Festivals with Educational Materials X X X X $500/yr for materials WREN BCCD, BCC,
MCWA
6.4 Develop Press Releases and Newspaper Articles About Source Water Protection X X X X X
7.1 Help Municipalities Strengthen Their Natural Resource Protection Ordinances
X X Budget $4,000/year
BCPC CZIP program;
reimburses $10,000 per municipality
7.2 Educate Officials to Limit Granting Exceptions to Natural Resource Ordinances X X X X X
7.3Support Sewerage Plans that Eliminate Failing Septic Systems and Septic System Education and Maintenance Programs X X Letters of
support
8.5Work with Watershed Municipalities to Adopt Sediment Control Measures During Construction X
ONGOING ACTIVITIES
PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES
Page 3 of 4
Table ES-1: Source Water Protection Implementation Plan
BC
CD
BC
C
BC
PC
BO
K
PWD
MC
WA
CFC
L
Con
sulta
n t Possible Funding Sources
Potential Partners
Primary Funding Sources
RA
WA
BO
D
RA
WA
Sta
ff
CostActivity
2.42.53.46.59.3
10.310.4
Notes:BCCD = Berks County Conservation DistrictBCC = Berks County ConservancyBCPC = Berks County Planning Commision BOK = Borough of KutztownPWD = Philadelphia Water DepartmentMCWA = Maiden Creek Watershed AssociationCFCL = Center for Community Leadership, Albright College
Investigate Possibility of Reactivating Antietam Lake
Install Highway Signs Where I-78 Crosses Maiden CreekDevelop Partnership with PennDOT
Provide Funding for General Educational Programs in the Maiden Creek WatershedConduct a Detailed Analysis for Developing an Emergency Intake on Willow CreekDiscuss Long-term Water Needs with Western Berks Water Authority
Establish Program For Protecting Stream Buffers on Row-crop Agricultural Land
FUTURE ACTIVITIES
Page 4 of 4
Appendix B
Public Education Materials
A watershed is all the land that drains to the sameriver or lake. Water travels from the highest pointsat the watershed edge to the lowest point at thebottom of the watershed. Wherever you are, youare in a watershed!
When it rains, some water travels over the landsurface to the nearest stream or creek. This wateris called surface runoff or stormwater. As thestormwater flows, it picks up any contaminantslying on the surface – pesticides and fertilizer fromlawns, manure from farms, sediment fromconstruction sites, and oil and gas from roads.Small streams join to form larger and larger rivers,until the water – and any contaminants it iscarrying.
Some precipitation, instead of traveling over theland, will percolate into the soil and reach thegroundwater. Similarly, the groundwater may pickup these contaminants, which are then carried bythe groundwater into one of the rivers or lakes inthe watershed.
Much of the Pennsylvania countryside is in agricultural operations, and plays a huge rolein our commonwealth’s production of food. Conversely, agriculture also has a hugeimpact on the drinking water sources throughout the state. Farmers have a uniquechallenge in balancing efficient operations with environmental stewardship. Thisbrochure is designed to provide information on various Best Management Practices(BMPs) that can help reduce nutrients found in manure and sediment from row crops.
All agricultural producers are encouraged to seek assistance from their CountyConservation District and the Natural Resources Conservation Service for the installationand implementation of these practices.
This brochure has been funded by the Pennsylvania Department ofEnvironmental Protection’s Source Water Protection’s SourceWater Protection Technical Assistance Program.
A Program By:Berks County Water & Sewer Association
Center for Excellence in Local Governmentc/o Albright College
http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html
For More Information Contact:Berks County Conservation District
1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 200Leesport, PA 19533
610-372-4657www.berkscd.com
Your drinking water may becomepolluted when substances that areharmful to human health enter thegroundwater or surface source, likea lake or reservoir. Sometimespollutants like manure andsediment from stormwater runofffind their way into streams andcreeks. Once water is contaminated,it must be treated or abandoned asa drinking water source. Theexpense of treating polluted wateror finding a new source of drinkingwater can be avoided throughsource water protection.
No-Till Planting and Contour Strips reduce loss of sediment through stormwater runoff.
Creek Crossings minimize animal
access to streams, and reduces manure and
sediment contamination.
Buffer Plantings along streams and
creeks help filter pollutants in
stormwater runoff from getting into
the water.
Streambank Fencing prevents animals from depositing manure
into streams. The fence also avoids destruction of the streambanksthat add sediment to the water.
Conservation and Nutrient Plans help farmers with sustainable operations while complying with Pennsylvania Chapter 102 and Act 38 regulations.
For more information:Berks County Conservation Districthttp://www.berkscd.com/
Natural Resources Conservation Servicehttp://www.pa.nrcs.usda.gov/
Grazing Management helps maintain plant life on pasture lands, reducing soil loss during rain events or snow melts.
What can you do to reduce
waste?
• Dispose of motor oil at a garage that will
recycle it. Never pour oil on the ground or
in a storm drain or sewer on the street.
• Purchase alternative products that contain
fewer hazardous ingredients.
• Use only as much as you need, and use
up the product completely.
• Minimize the use of pesticides and
herbicides on your lawn and garden. Use
biodegradable products when available.
• Do not pour used or unused chemicals or
paints down the drain or flush in the toilet.
• Use water-based paints if possible. Sweep
up dust and paint chips from sanding or
stripping activities.
• NEVER mix leftover chemicals with other
materials.
• Make sure all chemicals are properly
labeled and stored away from children and
pets.
• Remember: anything you throw or store
on the ground can find its way into the
groundwater. Store and handle chemicals
properly.
A watershed is all the land that drains to the
same river or lake. Water travels from the highest
points at the watershed edge to the lowest point
at the bottom of the watershed. Wherever you
are, you are in a watershed!
When it rains, some water travels over the land
surface to the nearest stream or creek. This water
is called surface runoff or stormwater. As the
stormwater flows, it picks up any contaminants
lying on the surface – pesticides and fertilizer
from lawns, manure from farms, sediment from
construction sites, and oil and gas from roads.
Small streams join to form larger and larger
rivers, until the water – and any contaminants it is
carrying – reaches both public and private water
sources!
Some precipitation, instead of traveling over the
land, will percolate into the soil and reach the
groundwater, such as homeowner drinking wells
or springs. The groundwater ultimately flows into
one of the rivers or lakes in the watershed.
For more information
Check the Berks County Solid Waste Authority
website for collection sites and dates.
http://www.co.berks.pa.us/Dept/SWA/Pages/default.aspx
A Program By:Berks County Water & Sewer Association
Center for Excellence in Local Governmentc/o Albright College
http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html
For More Information Contact:Berks County Conservation District
1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 200Leesport, PA 19533
610-372-4657www.berkscd.com
How does drinking water sometimes become polluted?Your drinking water may become polluted when substances that areharmful to human health enter the groundwater or surface water,like a creek, lake, or reservoir. Once water is contaminated, it mustbe treated or abandoned as a drinking water source. The expense oftreating polluted water or finding a new source of drinking water canbe avoided through source water protection.
Did you know that many household
products are dangerous to our
children, pets, and the
environment? Household cleaners,
lawn and garden chemicals,
gasoline, antifreeze, and many
other substances need to be stored
and disposed of properly.
When Household Hazardous
Waste (HHW) makes its way into
the environment, plants, animals,
and humans can all be affected.
Never throw away these materials
into the trash or flush down a drain.
All the items listed in this brochure
should be carefully handled and
disposed of according to directions.
Check for HHW collection events
sponsored by the Berks County
Solid Waste Authority at:
http://www.co.berks.pa.us/Dept/SWA/Pages/default.aspx
WHAT IS HHW:
Oil-based paint
Vehicle fluids like gasoline,
used motor oil, and antifreeze
Lawn & garden fertilizers,
pesticides, and herbicides
Pool Chemicals
Solvents
Household cleaners
Lithium and NiCad batteries
WHAT ISN’T HHW:
Latex Paint
Ammunition
Medical waste
Joint/Caulking compound
Gas cylinders
Electronics (recyclable)
Tires (recyclable for fee)
Not sure if you have HHW in your home
or whether it’s recyclable? Check here
for answers:
http://www.co.berks.pa.us/Dept/SWA/Pages/default.aspx
This brochure has been funded by the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Protection’s Source Water Protection’s Source
Water Protection Technical Assistance Program.
The members of the Berks County Source
Water Protection Committee are working
nonstop to provide our customers with a
clean and reliable source of drinking water,
and we could use your help!
Steps to help us protect our
water supplies
• Minimize the use of pesticides and
herbicides on your lawn and garden.
• Do not dump swimming pool water into a
creek or storm drain at the end of the
season. If possible, direct the water into
the sanitary sewer. Otherwise, wait until
the chlorine diminishes and then direct
water into grass, forest, or other natural
areas.
• Remember: Anything you throw or store
on the ground can find its way into
waterways. Anything you flush down the
toilet or rinse down a sink will end up in a
waterway. Store, handle and dispose of
all chemicals properly.
• Bring household hazardous waste – such
as paint, varnishes, and other chemicals
to recycling facilities. Check the Berks
County Solid Waste Authority website for
details at http://www.co.berks.pa.us/swa
• Dispose of motor oil at a garage that will
recycle it. Never pour oil on the ground or
in a storm drain or sewer on the street.
• Call the PA Department of Environmental
Protection at 877-333-1904 immediately
if you observe a chemical spill.
The goal of source water protection ispreventing contaminants from enteringwaterways that serve as our drinkingwater sources. Protecting our sourcewater from pollutants not only protectsour drinking water supplies, but it alsomakes economic sense, as it can beextremely costly to remove pollutantsfrom drinking water sources throughcomplex treatments. Protecting oursource water also helps protect thenatural environment by providing ahealthy habitat for countless species.
The source water for Berks Countyresidents can come from groundwaterwells, springs, reservoirs, rivers, orcreeks. To further strengthen oursource water protection efforts, manydrinking water systems and otherpartners have developed a County-wide Source Water Protection Program.
The program members are committedto Source Water Protection for thehealth and well-being of all our naturalresources!
Proper Disposal of
Pharmaceuticals and other
Chemicals
Source: USGS
A Program By:Berks County Water & Sewer Association
Center for Excellence in Local Governmentc/o Albright College
http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html
For More Information Contact:Berks County Conservation District
1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 200Leesport, PA 19533
610-372-4657www.berkscd.com
Your drinking waterproviders work around theclock to provide top qualitywater to every tap. It is atask that all water systemstake very seriously. Theywork hard to protect ourwater resources, which arethe heart of ourcommunity, our way of lifeand our children’s future.
Pharmaceuticals can impact the qualityof your drinking water. It can be verydifficult to remove even trace amountsof pharmaceuticals from groundwater orsurface sources. To maintain a clean,dependable water supply, your watersystem needs your help. This brochurewas developed to make the communityaware of the importance of properdisposable of prescription medications.
Please read this brochure carefully. Ifyou have any additional questions,please refer to the guidelines cited inthis brochure or contact the BerksCounty Solid Water Authority for moreinformation on drop-off boxes in yourneighborhood.
• A few small steps can make a huge impact insafeguarding the environment and improving waterquality.
• Do not flush unwanted or leftover medications downthe toilet or sink drain. They may affect groundwaterand private drinking water wells.
• Never give your unwanted medicine to someone else.Having unwanted medications around the homepresents a danger to children, guests, and pets thatcould accidentally ingest them.
• Take advantage of the community pharmaceuticaltake-back programs available in Berks County thatallow the public to bring unused drugs to variouslocations for proper disposal. Visit the Berks CountySolid Waste Authority website below for additionalinformation on collection events and dropoff points inyour neighborhood.
This brochure has been funded by the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Protection’s Source Water Protection Technical
Assistance Program.
Hamburg Drop Box
What can you do?
• Dispose of used motor oil at a garage that
will recycle it. Never pour oil on the ground
or in a storm drain on the street.
• Minimize the use of pesticides and
herbicides on your lawn and garden. Use
biodegradable products when available.
• Do not pour unwanted pharmaceuticals or
unused chemicals or paints down the drain
or flush in the toilet. Take your
pharmaceuticals to a collection area to avoid
use by others.
• Participate in community cleanup events or
planting projects.
• Contact your county solid waste department
for Household Hazardous Waste collection
events in your area.
• Clean up after your pet. Pet waste contains
bacteria and other pathogens that can make
its way into waterways through rain or snow
melt.
• If you have an on-lot septic system, inspect it
and arrange for pump-out every three years,
or according to local ordinances.
• Remember: anything you throw or store on
the ground can find its way into the
groundwater or surface water. Store and
handle chemicals properly.
A watershed is all the land that drains to the
same river or lake. Water travels from the highest
points at the watershed edge to the lowest point
at the bottom of the watershed. Wherever you
are, you are in a watershed!
When it rains, some water travels over the land
surface to the nearest stream or creek. This water
is called surface runoff or stormwater. As the
stormwater flows, it picks up any contaminants
lying on the surface – pesticides and fertilizer
from lawns, manure from farms, sediment from
construction sites, and oil and gas from roads.
Small streams join to form larger and larger
rivers, until the water – and any contaminants it is
carrying – reaches the water sources.
Some precipitation, instead of traveling over the
land, will percolate into the soil and reach the
groundwater. Similarly, the groundwater may pick
up nitrates from failing septic systems, gasoline
from leaky storage tanks, and industrial
chemicals from improper dumping. The
groundwater may supply your drinking water
wells, and ultimately flows into one of the rivers or
lakes in the watershed.
For more information on recycling
programs:
Check the Berks County Solid Waste Authority
website for programs available.
http://www.co.berks.pa.us/Dept/SWA/Recycle/pages/default.aspx
A Program By:Berks County Water & Sewer Association
Center for Excellence in Local Governmentc/o Albright College
http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html
For More Information Contact:Berks County Conservation District
1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 200Leesport, PA 19533
610-372-4657www.berkscd.com
How does drinking water sometimes become polluted?Your drinking water may become polluted when substances that areharmful to human health enter the groundwater or surface source,like a lake or reservoir. Common pollutants include gasoline or oilfrom leaking tanks, homeowner lawn and garden activities , salt fromwinter road maintenance, and other chemicals from stormwaterrunoff. Once water is contaminated, it must be treated or abandonedas a drinking water source. The expense of treating polluted water orfinding a new source of drinking water can be avoided throughsource water protection.
When heating oil or other materials makes
its way into the environment, plants,
animals, and humans can all be affected.
Leaking tanks can potentially contaminate
public water supplies, private wells,
contaminate soil, and cause fire or
explosion hazards.
Cleanups to tank owners can also be very
expensive. Owners of leaking
underground storage tanks are required to
clean up affected contaminated soil as
well as polluted groundwater or surface
water like creeks and streams.
If you notice a leak, it is in your best
interest to clean it up promptly and
properly to reduce expense, liability, and
the potential for contamination. Your best
bet is to prevent contamination by
monitoring and maintaining your tank.
Access these informative factsheets at
http://www.dep.pa.gov/Pages/default.aspx
SEARCH: Home Heating Oil Tanks• Tips for Residential Tank Owners
• Home Heating Oil Releases
• Leaking Underground Storage Tanks:
Controlling Cleanup Costs
Routinely inspect the exterior of an
aboveground tank and all attached
equipment.
Install spill and overfill prevention devices.
Ensure that the tank address is clear and
the fill line is marked, to help avoid accidental
deliveries.
Consider a secondary containment
structure to prevent spills or leaks from
entering the environment.
Be sure to take out the fill pipe if removing
a tank from inside your home.
If you notice drips or leaks, or you are
using more oil than normal, call a professional
for a detailed inspection of your tank.
epa.gov
epa.gov
This brochure is funded by the PA Department of Environmental Protection’s Source Water
Protection Technical Assistance Program
Remember that the Homeowner is responsible for the care and maintenance of the septic system! Here are some ideas to keep your system in top shape:
• Inspect the entire system every 1 to 3 years to ensure good working order.
• Pump the solids from the tank every three (3) years to avoid overfilling and failing tanks.
• Keep service and pumping records handy.
• Repair the system as soon as trouble signs appear, such as sluggish toilets, sewer odors, spongy ground around septic tank, or raw sewage backups.
• Conserve water and follow directions to prevent malfunctions.
•If you use a private supply, ensure safe drinking water by periodically testing the water.
Visit the PA Department of Environmental Protection website for more information at http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wqp/wqp_wm/FACTS/pa1607.htm
Date Company Service Comments
Septic System Maintenance Record
Households that are not on a public sewer system may use an on-lot septic system to dispose oftheir wastewater. Household wastewater contains all the wastes from our homes, including toiletuse, bathroom and kitchen use, laundry, and other activities. It contains human waste, detergents,chemicals, grease, oils, and many other substances. If not treated properly, these substances cantravel through soil and potentially contaminate groundwater and/or local waterways.
Most systems have three components:• Septic Tank – Tanks can be constructed from plastic, fiberglass, or concrete. Tank size andspecifications are determined by state regulation, and systems are permitted and approved bylocal agencies.
• Drainfield – a drainfield is constructed from a series of perforated pipes buried in gravel- filledtrenches in the soil. When wastewater enters the septic tank, an equal amount (known aseffluent) is forced into the drainfield for treatment.
• Soil – the soil encompassing the trenches treats the wastewater by allowing infiltration of theliquids to neutralize most of the pollutants. The effluent eventually is incorporated intogroundwater.
Photo courtesy of Infiltrator Systems, Inc.
For more information
On-lot Sewage Programhttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wqp/wqp_wm/FACTS/pa1607.htm
On-lot Wastewater Systems: Basicshttp://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/septic-systems/on-lot-sewage-systems
On-lot System Operation and Maintenancehttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wqp/wqp_wm/facts/pa1608.htm
Water Wellness Seminarhttp://files.dep.state.pa.us/EnvironmentalEd/Environmental%20Education/EnvEdPortalFiles/DEP_At_Home/Water_Wellness/Onlot_Sewage_Systems_Presentation_Sept2012.pdf
A Program By:Berks County Water & Sewer Association
Center for Excellence in Local Governmentc/o Albright College
http://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html
For More Information Contact:Berks County Conservation District
1238 County Welfare Road, Suite 200Leesport, PA 19533
610-372-4657www.berkscd.com
Everyone uses local water sources every day,but do you know where your water really comesfrom?
The staff at your water utility work around theclock to provide top quality water to every tap.Wastewater facilities work hard to dischargewater that meets regulations and protects yourwater resources, which are the heart of yourcommunity, your way of life and your children’sfuture. To maintain a clean, dependable watersupply, they need your help!
This brochure was developed to make yourcommunity aware of the importance ofprotecting your water supply. Once a watersource becomes contaminated, the cleanupoften takes many years and can be veryexpensive. It is in our community’s best interestto take the proper precautions to preventcontaminants from entering our water supply.
Who is responsible for protecting your drinkingwater? EVERYONE! Whether you use a publicsupply or a private source, we are all connectedto the same water!
If you have any questions about source waterprotection in your area, please contact theBerks County Water & Sewer Association [email protected], or visit the BCWSA website athttps://www.albright.edu/localgov/bcwsa/index.html for more information.
Water utilities obtain your drinking water from a variety ofsources, such as a groundwater well, spring, surface reservoir,river, or creek. Source water protection can help prevent yourdrinking water from becoming polluted by managing possiblesources of contamination in the watershed. Everyone has animportant part to play in protecting drinking water – today andfor the future. Source water protection is a community effort –we hope you will read this and other information forwarded toyou, and help protect our water supply.
Why do water sources sometimes become polluted? A watersupply can become polluted when substances that are harmfulto human health enter the groundwater, rivers, reservoir, orsprings. Common pollutants include gasoline or oil from leakingtanks, nitrate and pesticides from agriculture and lawns,pathogens from livestock and pet waste, salt from winter roadmaintenance, and chemicals from industrial facilities. Oncedrinking water is contaminated, it must be treated orabandoned as a drinking water source. The expense of treatingpolluted water or finding a new source of drinking water can beavoided through source water protection.
Source: USGS
What can you do?• Pump out your septic system every three years, or as
required by local ordinance. Look under “Septic Tanks” inthe Yellow Pages to find a contractor.
• Minimize the use of pesticides and herbicides on yourlawn and garden.
• If you drill a new well, make sure the old one is properlyclosed and abandoned, and periodically test the newwater.
• Do not dump swimming pool water into a creek or stormdrain at the end of the season. If possible, direct the waterinto the sanitary sewer. Otherwise, wait until the chlorinediminishes and then direct pool water onto grass, forest,or other natural area.
• Remember: anything you throw or store on the groundcan find its way into the water supply. Store and handlechemicals properly.
• Dispose of motor oil at a garage that will recycle it. Neverpour oil on the ground or in a storm drain or sewer on thestreet.
• Bring household hazardous waste – such as paint,varnishes, and other chemicals – to a Berks County wastecollection event. Check for dates on this website:http://www.co.berks.pa.us/Dept/SWA/Pages/default.aspx
• Do not flush medications or pour down the drain, as theymay affect groundwater and private wells. Dispose ofthese at a Berks County collection event.
• Call the PA Department of Environmental Protection officeat (877) 333-1904 immediately if you observe a chemicalspill.
This brochure has been funded by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection’s Source Water Protection Technical
Assistance Program.
Reading Area Water Authority
Source Water Protection Program
1
Reading Area Water Authority
Lake Ontelaunee
Source Water Protection Program
• January 2014 – The chemical spill into the Elk River in WV affected 300,000 people in nine counties – banning water use for days.
• August 2014 - Toledo, Ohio water ban due to massive algal blooms in Lake Erie. Authorities are blaming agricultural runoff, septic failures, and sludge from sewage treatment plants building up for a decade.
• February 2015 – Train carrying crude oil derails and explodes in West Virginia, sending the oil into the Kanawha River, causing a temporary closure of two water treatment plants.
• March 2015 – Medical waste found in the Arkansas River contained used syringes and vials of blood.
• January 2016 – Flint, MI has high lead levels in their finished water, leached from corroded pipes throughout the distribution system.
Why We Need Source Water Protection
NOAA/AP Photo
Photo from CNN.com
Photo from KFOR-TV
AP Photo/Tyler Evert
Photo from Min Tang and Kelsey Pieper
• Berks County is 40% of the Schuylkill River Watershed
• The Maiden Creek Watershed is 216 square miles in Berks and Lehigh Counties.
The Schuylkill River Watershed
Maiden Creek Watershed
Reading Area Water Authority
• Source of water supply is Lake
Ontelaunee, located 8 miles north of
Reading.
• Provides water to 125,000 residents in
and around the City of Reading.
• Supplemental water source on the
Maiden Creek.
• Lake Ontelaunee is included on
Pennsylvania’s 303(d) list of impaired
streams.
• Lake Ontelaunee Total Maximum Daily
Load document completed in 2004;
impaired for sediment and phosphorus.
Photo courtesy L. O’Hare
• Importance of RAWA and Source Water Protection.
• Implementation of management strategies.
• Develop the connection between watershed residents and service area.
• Team approach to Source Water Protection through partnerships with watershed stakeholders.
RAWA’s Vision
Source Water Protection Plan
Reading Area Water Authority
Source Water Protection Program
2
Original plan approved by DEP in
September 2007 as part of a Source
Water Protection pilot program in
Pennsylvania.
• Source water protection zones:• Zone A: 63 square miles in Berks• Zone B: 153 square miles in
Berks/Lehigh
Time-of-Travel to source from any point
in watershed was updated in 2015.
Source Water Protection Program
• Annually review management
strategies and assess ongoing
activities.
• Annual steering committee meetings.
• Prepare plan updates as needed.
RAWA Source Water Protection Plan PSOC Inventory
• Environmental databases were researched to find possible Potential Sources of Contamination (PSOCs) within the protection zones.
• Over 425 preliminary Point Source PSOCs were identified; extensive research and field review reduced inventory to 212 priority points of concern.
• Land-use study was conducted to determine the highest risks from non-point sources, like stormwater and agricultural runoff.
Protecting our Watersheds
Photo courtesy of L. O’Hare
RAWA is proud of its leadership in the Source Water Protection community:
• 2013 Exemplary Source Water Protection Award for Large Systems from the American Water Works Association, recognizing the development and implementation of exemplary SWP Programs
• 2008 Conservation Organization of the Year from the Berks County Conservation District for its support in agricultural and monitoring programs
Award-Winning Community Service
• RAWA’s staff and consulting team have been involved with numerous water quality improvement projects within the Maiden Creek watershed and its subbasins.
• Land purchase within protection zones help keep it in natural state.
• Staff plants 500 - 1,000 trees annually on city property around Lake Ontelaunee.
Water Protection On The Ground
Photo courtesy L. O’Hare
Photo courtesy B. Kahley
Algae sampling program was started in 2014, with sampling events conducted March through November.
• 3 locations at multiple depths, including Secchi disk depths.
• New luminometer equipment tracks biomass activity.
• Algae sampling helps provide information on total counts and taste and odor issues.
Current sampling conducted for specific types of blue-green algae recently identified by EPA that pose human ingestion and health concerns.
Lake Monitoring
Image courtesy of Bing Maps
Algae blooms
Reading Area Water Authority
Source Water Protection Program
3
Photo courtesy L. O’Hare
Watershed Monitoring
Water Quality Sampling - 10 locations in watershed• Samples monitored for Total Manganese,
Orthophosphate, Total Phosphorus, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Total Suspended Solids, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Oxygen %, pH, and ORP
Macroinvertebrate Sampling• Used to gauge overall water quality on
a seasonal basis.• 20 locations in watershed (Berks and
Lehigh County)• No serious impacts have been noted,
except some nitrate issues in the Moselem Creek subwatershed.
Conducting ongoing watershed monitoring project with Berks Nature on selected farms for the EPA’s 319 program.
Watershed Monitoring
Sewage Treatment Plant Discharge Sampling
• Program started in 2014.
• Determine phosphorus levels entering the watershed and lake from point sources.
• Will gain permission from the NPDES permit holders.
• Results will be shared.
Ongoing monitoring collaboration with Philadelphia Water Department and Lehigh University to determine presence of Cryptosporidium in Lake Ontelaunee.
Watershed Reconnaissance
EPA Superfund Sites
• Tracking activity along Bowers and Wileys Roads as a result of lead contamination.
Emerging Contaminants• Meetings with USGS, DEP, and
other partners to monitor potential issues with emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals and fire retardants in waterways.
Monitoring of Pollution Events
• Follow-up with local DEP office if releases discovered in field that may impact waterways.
• Charter Member of Berks County Water & Sewer Association (BCWSA); participate on the Education Committee.
• Source Water Protection outreach to 3 golf courses, encouraging management of chemicals. 2 in Berks County, 1 in Lehigh County.
• Provided financial and staff support to the Hamburg Municipal Authority and the Borough of Hamburg to install watershed education signs along hiking trails.
• Partnering with the One Wish Foundation to provide hunting and fishing opportunities in and around Lake Ontelaunee.
• Cooperative effort with national and local Trout Unlimited chapters attained the delisting of stream segments through the Unassessed Waters program.
Watershed Protection in the Community
Photo courtesy L. O’Hare
• Assisting in the development of a Watershed Implementation Plan for the Lower Maiden Creek area, a new initiative with the Schuylkill Action Network.
• New partnership with Nestlé Waters in Lehigh County, within the upper reaches of the watershed.
• Partnering with other local environmental groups to establish the AquaPolluzzastudent education day at Angelica Park in Berks County; also participates in the Lehigh County Water Supplier’s “HYDROMANIA” program during Drinking Water Week.
• Participates in the awards ceremony for the annual Berks County Senior Envirothon.
Watershed Protection in the Community
Photo courtesy of LVWater
Emergency Management
• Cooperation with Berks County Department of Emergency Services (DES)
• Provided protection zone information to DES staff for improved spill and release response.
• Initiated discussions on Bakken crude oil transports through protection zones.
• Attend meetings for the Local Emergency Planning Committee.
• BCDES provides real-time notification to RAWA of any release incidents within the watershed.
• Participation in the Delaware Valley Early Warning System
• DVEWS is a program administered by the Philadelphia Water Department for water utilities to share information and emergency events in the Schuylkill River Watershed
Reading Area Water Authority
Source Water Protection Program
4
Member of Schuylkill Action Network’s Agricultural and Pathogens/Compliance Workgroups
Agriculture Restoration Projects:
• Assists SAN, Berks Nature, and the Berks County Conservation District with invasive species removal on restoration sites
• Contributes financial support to Berks Nature and the Lehigh County Conservation District for the development of conservation plans on watershed farms
Agricultural Restoration
Photos courtesy L. Lloyd
Questions?
Appendix C
DEP Annual Program Update Form
3940-FM-BSDW0098 Rev. 8/2017 Date Received_______
- 1 -
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
BUREAU OF SAFE DRINKING WATER
ANNUAL SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM UPDATE
THIS FORM SHOULD BE COMPLETED IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN ACTIVE STATUS OF AN APPROVED LOCAL SOURCE WATER PROTECTION (SWP) PROGRAM.
Report for Calendar Year: Jan. 1 To Dec. 31, (Fill in Previous Year) Source Water Protection Plan Approval Date: RETURN BY MARCH 31 TO THE SAFE DRINKING WATER PROGRAM - REGIONAL SOURCE WATER PROTECTION MANAGER AT THE REGIONAL OFFICE THAT SERVES YOUR COUNTY (See page 5).
System Name
System Address
PWSID #
Municipality
System Phone #
Source ID(s) #
County
Contact Person Name & Title
Contact Person Address
Contact Person Phone #
Contact Person E-mail Address
Please answer the following questions as completely as possible, and include additional pages as necessary.
1. What are your source water protection goals? Please check all that apply.
Protection of existing source water quality.
Improvement of existing source water quality.
Protection of potential future drinking water source quality (e.g., possible new well locations).
Other:
2. Did you have at least one steering committee meeting during the reporting year?
Yes. Please indicate when and attach list of meeting attendees and meeting minutes.
No. Please describe what barriers prevented you from having a meeting this year.
3. Were there any changes to your drinking water system with respect to your source(s)?
Yes, increases or decreases in withdrawals. Please describe.
Yes, changes in usage patterns. Please describe.
Yes, sources abandoned or new sources added. Please describe.
No.
3940-FM-BSDW0098 Rev. 8/2017 Date Received_______
- 2 -
4. Were there any changes to your drinking water system with respect to land use?
Yes, land use changes in SWP zones. Please describe and attach map.
Yes, system changes driven by land use. Please describe and attach map.
No. (Verified by previous and current Annual Sanitary Survey (Chapter 109.705) by water supplier)
5. Which of the following land uses do you consider to be the biggest threat to source water quality?
Please check all that apply.
Agricultural
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Transportation Corridors
Oil and Gas Development
Private or Public Forest Land (Timbering)
Other:
➢ Is this a change from the land use analysis in your Source Water Protection Plan?
Yes. Please describe.
No. (Verified by previous and current Annual Sanitary Survey (Chapter 109.705) by water supplier)
6. Please list your current top three (3) potential sources of contamination (PSOCs):
1.
2.
3.
➢ Is this a change from the PSOCs listed in your Source Water Protection Plan?
Yes. Please describe.
No.
➢ Are there any new PSOCs?
Yes. Please list the type, amount, and distance from each water source. Locate the contaminant
source(s) on a map as well as the water source and attach to this form.
Type:
Amount:
Distance:
No. (Verified by previous and current Annual Sanitary Survey (Chapter 109.705) by water supplier)
3940-FM-BSDW0098 Rev. 8/2017 Date Received_______
- 3 -
7. Is implementation of SWP area management measures in accordance with the implementation
schedule in your plan? If not, please explain.
Yes.
No. Please describe parts of plan not on schedule and provide revised implementation dates.
➢ Which of the following management options have you implemented this year or already
have in place/maintain? Please describe briefly.
Public Education.
PSOC Outreach.
Projects with Partner Groups.
Coordination with Emergency Responders.
Land Purchase.
Overlay Zoning.
Ordinances.
Other:
➢ Please describe future plans and implementation dates for the upcoming year.
8. What resources have you applied to your program? Please describe briefly.
Personnel Time.
Volunteer Time.
3940-FM-BSDW0098 Rev. 8/2017 Date Received_______
- 4 -
Grants.
Direct Funding.
Other:
9. What partners have you worked with? Please describe briefly.
County Conservation District.
County Planning.
Emergency Responders.
Watershed Association.
Conservation Organization.
Other:
10. Have you updated and coordinated your emergency response plan to include responses to
additional incidents that may impact the quality of your drinking water source?
Yes. No. 11. Have you updated your contingency plan for providing an alternate supply of drinking water as a
result of an actual or recently realized potential drinking water source contamination event?
Yes. No. 12. What barriers, if any, are preventing you from implementing your Source Water Protection Plan in
a manner that meets all of your source water protection goals? Please describe briefly.
Lack of Personnel Time.
Lack of Funding.
Lack of Interest by Local Officials.
3940-FM-BSDW0098 Rev. 8/2017 Date Received_______
- 5 -
Lack of Volunteer or Partner Interest.
Lack of Knowledge.
Other:
13. Please add any additional comments you may have.
Comments:
14. Has the Source Water Protection Plan ever been amended?
Yes, and an addendum has been submitted to the Department. Revision Date:
Yes, and an addendum will be submitted to the Department. Revision Date:
No.
15. Please sign and date.
Signature: Date:
DEP REGIONAL OFFICES SAFE DRINKING WATER PROGRAM
Northwest Region 230 Chestnut St. Meadville, PA 16335-3481 814-332-6899 Counties: Butler, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, Jefferson, Lawrence, McKean, Mercer, Venango and Warren
Northcentral Region 208 W. Third St., Suite 101 Williamsport, PA 17701 570-327-3636 Counties: Bradford, Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Montour, Northumberland, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan, Tioga and Union
Northeast Region 2 Public Square Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701-0790 570-826-2511 Counties: Carbon, Lackawanna, Lehigh, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Pike, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, Wayne and Wyoming
Southwest Region 400 Waterfront Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4745 412-442-4217 Counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Cambria, Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Somerset, Washington and Westmoreland
Southcentral Region 909 Elmerton Ave. Harrisburg, PA 17110 717-705-4708 Counties: Adams, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lancaster, Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry and York
Southeast Region 2 E. Main Street Norristown, PA 19401 484-250-5900 Counties: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia
READING
1047 North Park Road | PO Box 6307
Reading, PA 19610-0307
P. 610.621.2000 | F. 610.621.2001
LEHIGH VALLEY
Roma Corporate Center, Suite 520
1605 N. Cedar Crest Boulevard
Allentown, PA 18104
P. 610.849.9700 | F. 610.849.9701
LANCASTER
701 Creekside Lane
Lititz, PA 17543
P. 717.568..2678 | F. 610.621.2001