Source & Fate · 2011. 5. 5. · Abstractions across Europe. ... 1200 1400 1600. Consumption....
28
On land ‐ 110,000 km 3 On sea ‐ 400,000 km 3 510,000 km 3 from sky each year =110,000 km 3 43,500 km 3 (PET) 3,830 km 3 withdrawn Irrigation: 2,700 km 3 (70%) 71,500 km 3 Non‐agric: 1,200 km 3 (90% returned) Source & Fate of Water
Transcript of Source & Fate · 2011. 5. 5. · Abstractions across Europe. ... 1200 1400 1600. Consumption....
On land ‐ 110,000 km3 On sea ‐ 400,000 km3
510,000 km3 from sky each year
=110,000 km3
43,500 km3
(PET)
3,830 km3 withdrawn
Irrigation: 2,700 km3 (70%)
71,500 km3
Non‐agric: 1,200 km3
(90% returned)
Source & Fate of Water
Green water, blue water, grey water…
blue
green
riverslakesaquifers
soilmoisture
withdrawals•Domestic•industry
returns•wastewater•surplus
irrigation
transpiration
ocean
food
productsdomestic
export
export
domestic
virtualwater
rivers
virtualwater
100%
36%
6.5%
0.1%
Global Water Demand and Deficit Projections
European Environment Agency ‐ http://www.eea.europa.eu/data‐and‐maps/tags#c5=all&c0=5&b_start=0&c9=water resources and the 2030 Water Resources Group
GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008). Map 16: Water Consumption (total) (V1.0). Available online at http://atlas.gwsp.org
Global Water Consumption
GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008). Map 7: Water Stress (V1.0). Available online at http://atlas.gwsp.org
Water Stressed Areas Of the World
Water Exploitation Index ‐ Europe
GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008). Map 15: Water Consumption for Irrigation (V1.0). Available online at http://atlas.gwsp.org
Water Consumption for Irrigation
Abstractions across Europe
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data‐and‐maps/indicators/use‐of‐freshwater‐resources/use‐of‐freshwater‐resources‐assessment‐2
GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008). Map 32: Virtual Water Flows between World‐Regions (V1.0). Available online at http://atlas.gwsp.org
Virtual Water Flows between World Regions
Flows of virtual water
Source: M.M. Aldaya a,�, J.A. Allan b, A.Y. Hoekstra 2010
The realities of the modern world
Flood events in Europe 1998 ‐ 2009
European Environment Agency
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data‐and‐maps/figures/occurrence‐of‐flood‐events‐in‐europe‐1998
Major Drought Events in Europe – last 10 Years
European Environment Agency
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data‐and‐maps/figures/main‐drought‐events‐in‐europe‐200020132009
Limited resources leading to changing sources of supply
Availability and contribution of resources
Decline of conventional oil production
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Oil Gas Coal Uranium Hydro
% of primary consumption
P/R
Source: BP 2010, OECD 2009Source: IEA 2010
Water Use and Power Sector
21
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Consumption
Gal/MWh
05000100001500020000250003000035000400004500050000
Withdrawal
Gal/MWh
In the US, withdrawls for power stations account for 39% of the total and 3.3 % of consumption
GWSP Digital Water Atlas (2008). Map 1: Water Consumption of Power Plants (V1.0). Available online at http://atlas.gwsp.org
Water Consumption of Power Plants
Energy and water consumption per capita in the G‐20
23
Source: WRI and Hoekstra, A.Y. and Chapagain, A.K. (2008)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
m3/cap/yr
kgoe/cap/yr
Final thought: Resources common problem
24
Resource Gap: End of cheap, easy to reach and relatively clean resources. In investment terms this is on short term/overnight
Increased demand
50% by 2030 (IEA)
Energy
Water Increased demand 30% by
2030
(IFPRI)
FoodIncreased demand
50% by 2030
(FAO)
Climate
Change
Water at the WTO and the WEF
Water work stream under the UNFCCC
Water and Agricultural policies combining
Water & spatial planning
Water & Land use
Water-Energy-food Nexus
Human Rights
Environmental Rights
Water Footprint
Public Engagement/education
Trade PolicyEnvironmental Policy
Economic Policy
Social Policy
Population and migration Economic growthAgricultural development Technological developments Climate change Land use change National and European policies and legislation
SCENES – Water Scenarios for Europe
Water Blueprint for Europe 2012?
‘involving, informing, inspiring’
Michael Norton MBE, Managing Director, Water & Power, Halcrow GroupGeoff Darch, Atkins and Deputy Chair, EWA Climate Change GroupBruce Lankford, University of East Anglia Roger Falconer, University of Cardiff Anthony Froggatt, Chatham HouseMark Zeitoun, Water Research Centre, University of East Anglia
2828
